fisheries - james campbell high school · 2018. 7. 31. · bluefin tuna today bluefin tuna stocks...
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Commercial fisheries
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Warm up 3/4
1. What is the cause of nutrient pollution?
2. What is eutrophication? Explain the steps.
3. What are 3 examples of chemical pollution?
4. What is biomagnification?
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Commercial fisheries
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EQ
How do we effectively manage our fisheries so that we have fish for future generations?
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What is a fishery?
A commercial fishery is the industry of catching a particular fish species for profit
Ex: Tuna, cod, salmon
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What are some fishing methods?
Bottom trawls – heavy nets dragged across the seafloor to catch shrimp, cod, rockfish
Longlines – can range from 1 – 30 miles long, evenly spaced hooks
Gillnets – walls of stationary netting that trap midwater fish
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Problems with commercial fishing
Two major problems:
Bycatch – catching species not targeted
Habitat destruction – destruction of the home/environment of animals
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How are humans so good at fishing?
Technology has greatly altered the way humans exploit fisheries
This leads to…
Overfishing- fishing faster than fish can replenish (greatest threat to marine biodiversity)
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What kind of technology?
Advances such as the ability to catch lots of fish at once (nets, longlining, trawls), SONAR, better engines and boats
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Case study – Atlantic cod
Historically, cod was so abundant off New England that early explorers named it Cape Cod for this fish
High fishing pressures as a result of technological progress (radar, sonar, navigation systems) caused a collapse
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Case study – Atlantic cod
Adversely affected in two ways: increasing depth and areas of where cod was fished, also caught enormous amounts of non-commercial fish (bycatch)
Cod populations could not keep up, resulting in the collapse
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Atlantic cod today
Populations will take decades to recover from the impact of fishing – due to ignoring scientific data and the effect of the “tragedy of the commons”
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Tragic fishing
We will now do a fishing activity using goldfish, straws and a bowl (ocean)
We will have five fishing seasons, each season lasting 30 seconds. You can catch as much fish as you want in that time.
After every season, each fish that you have left will create another of themselves. Max 20 fish (carrying capacity of the ocean).
If you don’t catch a fish in a season, your family will starve and can’t fish the next seasons.
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Case study – Bluefin tuna
Max length about 10 feet and can reach about 2000 lbs undisturbed
Three stocks, one in eastern Atlantic/Mediterranean Sea, one in the Pacific ocean and one in the southern ocean
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Case study – Bluefin tuna
Populations have fallen to just 2.6% of what they were
Market is driven by Japanese markets, where they are willing to pay tens of thousands of dollars for otoro- extremely fatty cut of sashimi
Record price as of today - $3 million, $5,000/pound
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Bluefin tuna today
Bluefin tuna stocks are highly depleted, and still being fished heavily.
IUCN Redlist (determines what status a species is) says the following about the stocks of the Bluefin:
Atlantic Bluefin populations are endangered and decreasing.
The Pacific Bluefin populations are vulnerable and decreasing.
The Southern Bluefin populations are critically endangered and decreasing.
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Why have fisheries been depleted?
Ecological ignorance – people don’t believe that they are affecting the environment, ignoring scientific data
Tragedy of the commons – a shared resource is depleted when everyone acts in their self-interest (human greed)
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Solutions
More sustainable fishing methods – choose methods that have less bycatch and don’t take as much (Hook & line, trapping, trolling)
Better management- catch limits, better technology to reduce bycatch
More awareness – educate people on the importance of choosing where their fish comes from
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Do you want to make more sustainable choices?
Seafood watch program
Brochure