THE STATUS OF THE

.Deep-sea Trawl Fishery,off the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

byIbrahim johari, MFRDMD

Marine Fisheries Resources Development and ManagementDepartment I Southeast Asia Fisheries Development Center

(MFRDMD I SEAFDEC)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 11

REFERENCES 11

TABLES 14

FIFURES 32 I'I,II

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Landings of groups of fish by deep-sea trawlers on the east coastof Peninsular Malaysia.

Landings of groups of fish by all trawlers on the east coast ofPeninsular Malaysia.

Composition of fish landed from deep-sea trawlers (Zone C 2)at Kuantan, Pahang in 1993.. . ,

~:f(f~). ",Composition of fish landed from deep-sea trawlers (Zone C .2)at Kuantan, Pahang in 1994. q' .,

Composition of fish landed from deep-sea trawlers (Zone C 2)at Endau, Johor in 1993.

Composition of fish landed from deep-sea trawlers (Zone C 2)at Endau, lohor in 1994.

Percentage composition of trash fish from deep-sea trawlers(Zone C 2) at Kuantan, Pahang in 1993.

Percentage composition of trash fish from deep-sea t raw Ie r s(Zone C 2) at Kuantan, Pahang in 1994.

Percentage composition of trash fish from deep-sea trawlers(Zone C 2) at Endau, lohor in 1993.

Table 10. Percentage composition of trash fish from deep-sea trawlers(Zone C 2) at Endau, lohor in 1994.

Figure 1. Landing trend of fish by deep-sea trawlers on the east coast ofPeninsular Malaysia.

Figure 2. Catches of deep-sea trawlers by months at Kuantan, Pahang.

Figure 3. Catches of deep-sea trawlers by months at Endau, lohor.

Figure 4. Catches of demersal fish of deep-sea trawlers by months atKuantan, Pahang and Endau, lohor.

Figure 5. Catches of pelagic fish of deep-sea trawlers by months atKuantan, Pahang and Endau, Johor.

Figure 6. ~atches of squids (Loligo spp.) of deep-sea trawlers by monthsat Kuantan, Pahang and Endau, Johor.

Figure 7. Catches of cuttlefish (Sepia spp.) of deep-sea trawlers by monthsat Kuantan, Pahang and Endau, Johor.

Figure 8. Surplus production curves of fish resources in the deep-sea.waters off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

ABSTRACf :c:cMonthly observations of the' catches of deep-sea trawlers (> 70 GRT) attwo major landing centers i.e. Endau, Johor andKuantan, Pahang were carriedout from February 1993 to October 1994. The catches were grouped into 9categories namely: demersal fish, pelagic fish, mixed fish, penaeid prawns,cephalopods, crabs, lobsters, others and trash fish . The majority of thecatches consisted of trash fish, followed by demersal fish, cephalopod, andpelagic fish. The species composition indicated that a high diversity ofspecies were caught. Nemipterids (ikari kerisi) and priacanthids (ikan lolongbara) were dominant in the catches of these trawlers. For both landing centersthe highest catches was observed in the months between July and Decemberwhile the very low catches occurred in the months between January andJune. An inverse relationship was observed in the catches of cephalopodswhere during lower catches ofLoligo spp.(squid), there were higher catchesof Sepia spp. (cuttlefish). The total catch by deep sea trawlers based inKuantan, Pahang was higher than those in Endau, Johor with a ratio of 2: 1especially for demersal fish and trash fish. This fishery still has the potentialto be developed and suggestions towards a sustainable fishery were also putforward.

ABSTRAKPemerhatian bulanan bagi tangkapan bot-bot pukat tunda laut dalam (>70GRT) iaitu di Endau, Johor dan Kuantan, Pahang telah di jalankan dari bulanFebruari 1993 hingga Oktober 1994. Hasil tangkapan telahdi bahagikankepada 9 kategori iaitu ikan demersal, ikan pelagik, ikan campur, udangpenaeid, ketam, udang karang, lain-lain dan ikan baja. Sebahagian besardaripada hasil tangkapan adalah ikan baja, diikuti oleh ikan demersal, sotongdan ikan pelagik. Komposisi species menunjukan pelbagai species telah ditangkap. Nemipteridae (ikan kerisi) dan Priacanthidae (ikan lolong bara)merupakan tangkapan utama bagi bot pukat tunda ini. Bagi kedua-dua pusatpendaratan, tangkapan tertinggi adalah dari bulaJ;lJulai hingga Disembersementara tangkapan paling rendah adalah dari bulan Januari hingga Jun.Adalah diperhatikan apabila tangkapan sotong biasa (Loligo spp.) rendahtangkapan sotong katak (Sepia spp.) adalah tinggi. Secara perbandingantangkapan bot-bot pukat tunda laut dalam yang berpengkalan di Kuantan,Pahang adalah lebih tinggi daripada tangkapan bot-bot yang berpengkalan diEndau, Johor pada nisbah 2:1 terutamanya bagi ikan demersal dan ikan baja.Perikanan ini jelas masih berpotensi untuk di majukan dan cadangan jugatelah di beri agar perikanan ini terus berkembang.

With the declaration of the 200 nautical miles Exclusive EconomicZone (EEZ) under the UN Convention of the Law ofthe Sea (UNCLOS),Coastal States have increased responsibility in the management andexploitation of marine resources within the areas. In Malaysia, theDepartment of Fisheries has been given the responsibility to managethe fisheries resources in the EEZ waters for exploitation by Malaysianfishermen at the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) level. Since theearly 70's resource surveys were conducted in the South China Seainclusive of area off the 'east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, using RJVCHA~GI in 1970, Dr. Fridjorn Nensen (Aglen et al., 1981), R.Y.Kagoshima Maru (Mohsin et al., 1985) and Kagoshima Maru (Mohsin etal., 1986). Besides, there were also surveys carried out by the Departmentof Fisheries in the coastal waters of the east coast (Jothy et al., 1975,Lam et al., 1975, and Lamp and Mohd. Shaari, 1976). Despite theencouraging results and resources potential, the deep-sea fishery on theeast coast of Peninsular Malaysia was only developed after the mid80's.

In order to develop and encourage the deep-sea fishing in Malaysia, theDepartment of Fisheries had conducted a comprehensive survey in theMalaysian EEZ waters in 1986. Results obtained were very encouraging.Potential yield of demersal fish for the east coast of Peninsular Malaysiawas estimated at 82,200 tonnes (Anon, 1987). Considering this result,the Department of Fisheries was prepared to issue 196 deep-sea fishingboat licenses for the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Trawlers of 70GRT and above were classified as the deep-sea trawlers. These tYpes ofboats were categorised as Zone C 2 trawlers and only allowed to dofishing in the area of more than 30 nautical miles from the coast.

Since the implementation of deep-sea fishing in 1987 on the east coastof Peninsular Malaysia, the status of this fishery has not been assessed.However, the annual landings of the deep-sea trawlers have been recordedin the annual fisheries statistics. Shaupi & Lim (1995) have describedthe performance of deep-sea fisheries for the year of 1993. They pointedout a decline in the profit of deep-sea trawlers in Johor and Pahang from

6.5 % and 19.5 % in 1991 to 0.2 % and 12.1 % in 1993, respectively.This preliminary paper aims to highlight the deep-sea trawlers landingsmonitored at two major centers, Le., Endau, Johor and Kuantan, Pahang.It gives an overall picture on performance of these trawlers in terms ofthe catch per unit effort (CPUE), catch composition and total catch.

2.1 Annual Landing Data

Annual landing data of the 70 GRT and above trawlers from the year1980 to 1993 on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia were extractedfrom the annual fisheries statistics. The data were then analyzed usingthe Schaefer's Production Model.

2.2 Monthly Landing Data

Monthly landing data from deep-sea trawlers were collected at theselected landing centers from February 1993 to October 1994. Datacollection was based on "random sampling" and "direct recording"method. The number of boats sampled every month was between 3 to 5.The fishes were identified possibly up to species level. Informationregarding the fishing operation such as numbers 'of fishing days, areaand number of hauls were recorded through verbal interview with theskipper (taikong) of the sampled boat. The total catches of trash fishwere first recorded before a sub-sample was taken to verify the speciescomposition.

ii For comparison purposes, catches from sampled boats were converted

into standardized CPUE. This was done by dividing total catch with thenumber of fishing days then multiplying by 7, the minimum fishing daysaccepted for these categories of boat. Data of the! respective monthswere grouped into 9 categories, Le., demersal fish, pelagic fish, mixedfish, penaeid prawns, cephalopods, crabs, lobsters, others and trash fish.

2.3 Fishing Operations

The boats usually operated about 7 to 9 days per trip and with an averageof 8 days per trip. In one month there would be 2 to 3 trips averagingabout 2.3 trips. The size of crew working in a trawler varied betweenfour and five persons. The fishing boats were wooden stern trawlersequipped with wooden booms and the towing warp was made ofpolypropylene. The towing speed was between 4 and 5 mots. The averageduration per haul was 3 hours. Three hauls were usually operated dailyduring the day time.

The trawl nets used were 2 seam type nets with its head rope rangingbetween 35 and 55 meters and size of the cod-end about 38 millimeter.The net drum was used to assist during shooting and hauling operations.The Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to locate the positionof fishing grounds. For communication purposes most of the boats wereequipped with mobile phones.

3.1 Annual Landing Trend

A total of 150~licences for deep-sea trawlers had been issued by theDepartment of Fisheries in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia from1987 to 1993. During this period, deep-sea trawlers had yielded about252,395 tonnes of which 126,452 tonnes were commercial fish. Theannual landing of trawlers before the i~troduction of deep-sea trawlers,was only about 30,000 tonnes. In 1988 the annual landing of trawlersincreased by more than 70 % to about 127,000 tonnes (Table 2). Thelandings of deep-sea trawlers had drastically increased with the increasein numbers of fishing units in operation since 1987 (Table 1). Landingshowever decreased in 1989 before picking up again and reaching peak in1992 (Figure 1). This trend shows that the EEZ in the South China Seaarea has resource potential and the trawl fishery has become evermoreimportant.

The commercial fish in the overall landings by deep-sea trawlers variedbetween 43.9 % in 1992 to 84.9 % in 1988. In 1993 commercial fishwas recorded at 20,000 tonnes (Table 1, Figure 1). The major fishes ofthe commercial fish group were demersal fish, Le., kerisi (Nemipteridae),pulutan (Ariidae), kerisi bali (Pristipomoides spp) , biji nangka(Mullidae), merah (Lutjanus malabaricus) and rays. Apparently thesemajor fish groups have determined the pattern of commercial landing ofthese trawlers. Between 1988 and 1993 these fishes contributed about22 % of the total landings of deep-sea trawlers.

3.2 Catch Rate and Season

Forboth landing centers the highest catches were observed in the monthsbetween July to December while low catches occurred in the monthsbetween January to June (Figures 2 & 3). The higher catches during thepeak season were due to the increase in trash fish catches. During thisseason, the catches varied from 12,000 kg to 16,000 kg and 5,000 kg to11,000 kg in Kuantan and Endau, respectively. Whilst in the low-catchseason, these varied from .1,000 kg to 13,000 kg and 3,000 kg to 6,000kg in Kuantan and Endau, respectively. Catches of trash fish wereobserved to increase in July, reaching a peak between September andOctober. During the peak season the catches of trash fish were between6,000 - 11,000 kg and 3,000 - 8,000 kg in Kuantan and Endau,respectively (Table 3 to Table 6). Fish recruitment is attributed as themain reason for the higher catches of trash fish during this period.Recruitment begins in June for species such as Nemipterus peronii(Kimoto and Ibrahim, 1996) and most of the small pelagics (Mans orand Syed Abdullah, 1996). The increasing trend in the trash fish catcheswas probably due to the increase in size and body weight of the youngfish.

The demersal fish group contributed more than 18% of the total catchesof these trawlers (Table 3 to Table 6). The catch trend of demersal fishseem to correspond trash fish catches. The higher catches occurredfrom August to December with catches between 3,000 - 5,000 kg and900 - 2,500 kg and the lower catches were from January to July withcatches of between 1,500 - 3,000 kg and 300 - 2,000 kg in Kuantan and

Endau, respectively (Figure 4). As for the pelagic fish the catches arehigher from October to February with catches between 900 - 1,800 kgand 500 - 1000 kg in Kuantan and Endau, respectively (Figure 5). Thelow activity of the purse seiners due to the rough sea conditions wasbelieved to be the main factor that contributed to the high catches ofpelagic fish by these trawlers during this period.

The second important group were the cephalopods. This group whichcontributed from 8 % to 14 % of the total catches of the trawlersconsisted of Loligo spp. and Sepia spp (Table 3 to Table 6). The highercatches of Loligo spp. were from February to July with catches between400 kg - 1500 kg and 400 kg - 1300 kg and the lower catch rate fromAugust to January with catches between 100 kg - 600 kg and 180 kg -450 kg in Kll;antan and Endau, respectively (Figure 6). An inverserelationship was observed in the catches of cephalopods. During lowcatches of foligo spp. there would be a high catch of Sepia spp. (Figure7). This phenomenon had enabled fishermen to have a continuous catchof cephalopods.

It was found that the total catches of deep-sea trawlers based in Kuantan,Pahang were higher \han in Endau, Johor at a ratio of 2: 1, especially fordemersal fish and trash fish. Mohd Shaupi and Lim (1995) reported thatthe turnover of this category of boats based in East Johor declined from6.5 % (1991) to 0.2 % (1993) due to the high competition betweenthese boats and also those of less than 70 GRT boats fishing in the samearea. This enigma should be further studied but it was believed that itwas due to various factors including the location of port and differencesof fishing grounds. Deep-sea trawlers based in Kuantan, Pahang have awider area to fish. They could easily go out fishing either on the southernpart, middle part or northern part of the EEZ waters. Conversely, theEndau trawlers could only fish in the southern part and middle part ofthe EEZ waters. For Enciau fishermen to fish in the northern part of theEEZ waters it would incur higher cost due to unfamiliar fishing groundsand great distance from home. The second factor would be due to lackof fishing expertise. More than 30 % of the skippers of the deep-seatrawlers based in Kuantan were Thais who had more fishing experiencesthan the local skippers in Endau. The third factor would be related to the

decline of demersal resources in the middle part and southern part ofEEZ waters. A Survey conducted by Department of Fisheries in 1986showed that the northern part of EEZ waters consisted of higher stockof demersal fish especially off Terengganu waters than other part of theEEZ waters.

3.3 Catch Composition

Analysis of the species composition of the catches indicated that a highdiversity of species were caught by these trawlers. The major species ofdemersal fish were kerisi (Nemipterus furcosus, N. tambuloides, N.sp.2, N. nemurus, and N. nematophorus), lolong bara (Priacanthustayenus and P macracanthus ), conor (Saurida spp.), merah (Lutjanusmalabaricus), pulutan (Arius thalassinus), kerisi bali (Pristipomoidestypus) and timah (Trichiurus spp) (Table 3 - 6). The composition wasnearly similar to the results obtained from the studies conducted byAglen et al.(1981) and Department of Fisheries (1987). The majorspecies of pelagic fish were selayang (Decapterus russe//i), selar kuning(Selaroides leptolepis), selar (Selar crumenophthalmus). Incephalopods, the major components were squids consisting of Lo/igoduvauce//i, L. chinensis and L. edulis and for cuttlefish the majorspecies were mainly Sepia recurvirostra, S. esculenta and Sepie//ainermis. Mixed fish consisted of demersal and pelagic species andusually the catches were in a small quantities.

The current status of potential yield in the deep-sea areas on the eastII coast of Peninsular Malaysia is still being monitored. From previousI:, works, the demersal resource of the coastal areas was estimated at around

80,000 to 153,000 tonnes. For instance, Mohd Shaari (1976) gave afigure of about 153,325 tonnes of catchable fish; Pathansali (1976)about 95,000 to 130,000 tonnes; while for the deep-sea area, Aglen etal. (1981) provided estimates of around 100,000 tonnes. The Departmentof Fisheries Malaysia conducted a trawl survey in 1987 for the wholeEEZ areas of more than 25 nautical miles offshore and providedestimates of about 82,200 tonnes of catchable fish comprising 55,100tonnes of food fish and 27,100 tonnes trash fish (Anon, 1987).

The seasonal and annual fluctuations (Mohd. Shaari, 1976; Pathansali,1.976) in the fish population on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysiaform the main difficulty when estimating the actual potential yield.Applying Schaefer's model on the annual landing data gave an estimatedMSY of 31,400 tonnes of commercial fish while the highest landingrecord of commercial fish was only 26,347 tonnes in 1991 (Figure 8).It seemed that only half of the total food fish (55,100 tonnes) estimatedby Department of Fisheries was exploited by deep-sea trawlers. Temporalvariation in fish population and exploitation by other gears were believedto be the main reasons for the different figures. A Survey by theDepartment of Fisheries in 1986 was conducted during the peak seasonof demersal resources, i.e., between October and November 1986 andthis led to an over estimation of demersal resources. Mohd. Shaari(1976) noted the monthly and annual variation of the estimated catchablefish resources on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

The large area of unexploited EEZ waters was then inevitably exposedto foreign encroachment. The amounts of fish caught by the foreignvessels could not be estimated. Some trawlers that are less than 70 GRTincluding those vessels using hooks and lines are able to fish beyond 30nautical miles limits. Landings from these categories of gear wereimpossible to categorise into coastal fishing and deep-sea fishing. Butit was believed at least about a quarter of the total fish landed by thosegears were caught from deep-sea area. The deep-sea waters of the SouthChina Sea area is still found to have the potential to be developed andthe commercial demersal resources are estimated to be between 30,000tonnes and 45,000 tonnes. The potential yields for the months of Januaryto June is about 30,000 tonnes and between August and December isabout 45,000 tonnes.

3.5 Trash Fish Composition

At the initial stage of deep-sea fishing activities in 1987, the landingscontributed to about IS % to 35 % of total trash fish. However, since1989 the percentage of trash fish composition has increased (Table I).This is a common phenomenon for all exploited fish stocks where thefishery is producing a relatively constant yield but the underlying species

composItIOn consisted of smaller, younger fish and generally of lessvalue (Mahyam, 1992). A survey conducted by'Department of Fisheriesin 1986 recorded that the average percentage of trash fish was 32.9 %and the undersized commercial fish was about 40 % of the total trash.

This study found that the percentage of trash fish rose to 58 % in thecatches (Table 3 to Table 6) and the undersized commercial fish increasedto 70 % in the total trash (Table 7 to Table 10). The major species ofundersized commercial fish were kerisi (Nemipterus spp.), lolong bara(Priacanthus spp.), conor (Saurida spp.), biji nangka (Upeneus spp.),selayang (Decapterus spp.) and selar kuning (Selaroides leptolepis ).The genuine trash fish were buntal (Tetraodontidae), kekek(Leiognathidae), barat-barat (Monocanthidae), and sebekah(Apogonidae). The higher percentage of Nemipterus spp., Priacanthusspp., Upeneus spp. and Leiognathidae showed that these trawlers fishedin shallower waters, i.e., (18 to 55 m depth) as the results are similar tothose obtained by Department of Fisheries in 1986. These trawlers werebelieved to operate in area just outside the 30 nautical mile limits andoccasionally cross inwards towards the shore particularly duringmonsoon and squids seasons.

Higher catches of trash fish and the higher percentage of undersizedcommercial fish indicated that the population structure of the demersalresources in the deep-sea waters consisted mainly of smaller fish. The.increasing trend of trash fish landed is alarming in recent years. silggesting intense exploitation. The lowering of age at first capture"'could bring disaster on the fish stock (Kimoto and Ibrahim, 1996).Mahyam, (1992) reported that deep sea trawlers based at HutanMelintang, Perak landed 40-70 % of total catch as trash andrecomendations were made to overcome this trash fish problem. Thispaper proposes some additional suggestions:

a) Protect the EEZ waters from foreign encroachment since it wasbelieved that the intense exploitation of the demersal stock was theresult of excessive pressure by uncontrolled foreign fishing boat.

b) Spawning and nursery grounds in the fishing ground areas should beprotected by regulation emphasizing responsible fishing and

c) Deploy more artificial reefs or permanently sub-merged FAD whichserves as sanctuaries for juvenile fish to grow.

Precise knowledge related to species composition, distribution, density,population structure, and seasonal fluctuation of commercial speciesare important in projecting the future prospects of this fishery. A secondtrawl survey for the whole EEZ waters of the east coast seems necessaryto assess the potential and the latest status of the demersal resources.

From this paper it is suggested that the status of the deep-sea stock hasbeen fully exploited at the level of fishing effort. It is apparent that thedeep-sea trawlers tend to fish just outside the 30 nautical mile limits.

Further expansion of the deep-sea fishing could be encouraged throughthe following steps:

a) Kuantan fishing port should be developed into a larger fishing porton the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia and should become a majorbase for deep-sea fishing activities. The number of deep-sea trawlerslicensed should also take into account the numbers of fishing boatsof less than 70 GRT capable of fishing in deeper waters especiallyZone C trawlers.

b) Skippers of deep-sea fishing boats should have navigationalqualifications and be certified and trained by authorized body.

c) All deep-sea fishing boats should be permitted to fish, regardlessof state limits. This would eventually stabilize and equalize thefishing pressure on the stock.

d) Lack of workers in this fishery has been obvious in recent years andthe temporary solution was the intake of foreign workers. For thelong term planning it is suggested that the cod-end mesh size be

increased to catch only the commercial sized fish. This measurecould reduce the crew needed in sorting the catche~. Moreover byraising the age at first capture the depletion of fish stock can beavoided (Kimoto and Ibrahim 1996).

e) Suggestions to the use of the 6-seam net and board-kite otter-boardto reduce operation cost and increase fishing efficiency (Rosidiand Ibrahim, 1992) should be considered.

I wish to express my gratitude to the Director-General of Fisheries,Malaysia Dato' Mohd. Mazlan bin Jusoh for his permisssion to publishthis report. I also acknowledge all help and advice given by Mr. IsmailTaufid Md. Yusoff, Chief and Dr. Keiichiro Mori, Deputy-Chief ofMFRDMD while carrying out the various activities in this study.

My appreciation goes to Mr. Zaharin Zainal Abidin for assistingin data collection and Mr. Raja Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Oroar andDr Hiroyuki Yanagawa for critical reading of the manuscript andcommenting on it.

Aglen, A., L. Foyn, O.R. Godo, S. MykleYoll and OJ. Ostvedt. 1981.Surveys of the marine fish resources of Peninsular Malaysia June -July 1980. Institute of Marine Research, Bergen; 69 pp.

Annual Fisneries Statistic. 1980 - 1993. Fish. Div. Min. 01~Agric.,Malaysia.

Anon:, 1987. Deep-sea fisheries reSOUll"e""Uf\'ej' withm the MalaysianExclusive Economic Zone. Department of Fisheries Malaysia:1OIpp+32pp.

Jothy. A.A., G. Raurk. S.A..LMohd. Shaari, K. S. Ong, P.C. Liong andJ.L. Carvalho. 1975. Demersal fish resources in Malaysia Waters -3. Second trawl survey of the coastal waters off the east coast ofPeninsular Malaysia (March-May 1971). Fisheries Bulletin No.4.Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Malaysia: 1-36.

Kimoto, H. and J. Ibrahim, 1996. The stock status and managementscheme of Kerisi (Nemipterus peronii) on the east coast ofPeninsular Malaysia. SEAFDEC MFRDMD/RES/l. 1-24

Lam.W.C., W.Weber, A.K. Lee, K.S. Ong and P.C. Liong 1975. Demersalfish resources in Malaysia Waters - 7. 3rd East Coast trawl surveyoff the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia (14th August - 20thSeptember, 1972). Fisheries Bulletin No.9. Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Development, Malaysia: 1-19.

Lamp, F. and S.A.L. Mohd. Shaari, 1976. Demersal fish resources inMalaysia Waters - 10. Fourth trawl survey of the coastal waters offthe east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (13th July - 12th August, 1971).Fisheries Bulletin No. 12. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia: 1-25.

Mahyam, M. I. 1992. Destructive effects of trash landings of resources.Proceedings of the national IRPA (Intensification of Research inPriority Areas) Seminar (Agriculture sector ). Vol.ll. Ministry ofScience, Technology & Environment, Malaysia. : 301-302.

Mohd. Shaari, S.A.L. 1976. Assessment of Marine Fisheries Resourcesof Malaysia - Part 1: Demersal fish resources surveys and problemsof fisheries resources management. Fisheries Bulletin. No. 15.Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia: 1~26.

Mansor, M.I., S.A.K. Syed Abdullah. 1996. Population structure ofsmall pelagic fishes off the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia.Workshop on Tropical Fish Recruitment Proceedings. AustralianInstitute of Marine Science. 57 - 72.

Pathansali, D., G. Rauck, A.A. Jothy, S.A.L. Mohd. Shaari and T. B. Curtin.1974. Demersal fish resources in Malaysian Waters.- 1. Trawl surveyof the coastal waters off the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia.Fisheries Bulletin. No.1. Ministry of Agriculture and RuralDevelopment, Malaysia: 1-46.

Pathansali, D. 1976. Assessment of marine fisheries resources ofMalaysia - Part 3 : Assessment of potential yield from the coastalmarine fisheries resources of Malaysia. Fisheries Bulletin. No. 15.Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia: 47-60.

Rosidi, A. and J. Ibrahim, 1992. An evaluation on the size of nets and. otterboards used by some Malaysian Offshore Trawlers. Kongresdan Seminar Sains dan Teknologi. (Sektor Pertanian). SempenaMinggu Sains dan Teknologi Kebangsaan Ke 6. Hotel Shangri-La,Kuala Lumpur 7-13 Ogos 1992.

Mohsin, A.K.M., M. Mohd. Ibrahim, and A. Mohd. Azmi 1986. (Eds).EKSPEDISI MATAHARI '85. "A Study on the Offshore Waters ofthe Malaysia EEZ". Faculty of fisheries and Marine Science, U.P.M.

Mohsin, A.K.M., A. R. Ridzwan and A. Mohd. Azmi 1986. (Eds).EKSPEDISI MATAHARI '86. "A Study on the Offshore Waters ofthe Malaysia EEZ". Faculty of fisheries and Marine Science, U.P.M.

Mohd Shaupi, D. and C. H. Lim 1995. PENGAWALSELIANPERUSAHAAN PERIKANAN LAUT DALAM MELALUIPENGGUNAAN BUKU LOG BAGI TAHUN 1993. KertasPengembangan Perikanan. Bit. 191. Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia: 1-27.

Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

Cumulative no. of Fishing units 7 1 2 7 164 495 1094 2278 3352 2010 1615No of trips 170 122 99 229 530 1767 1103 3582 44464 66563 3991No. of days 270 201 195 797 3310 16134 10765 6834 445884 455846 31520No. of hauls 468 366 297 807 6591 26299 25018 74306 1116468 1460488 99733Trawling hours 1464 1032 891 2421 19561 78633

Groups of Fish

Demersal Fish 12 18 33 339 958 12001 4418 9155 10238 10123 8378Pelagic Fish 6 10 18 96 399 3703 2075 4215 4986 5308 4652Mixed Fish 0 1 1 28 227 1044 1901 4246 6049 3782 3895Penaeid Prawns 1 6 5 0 3 20 20 150 46 44 38Cephalopods 4 5 9 83 211 1341 1548 5142 4711 5589 3834Crabs 1 2 27 135 41 96 136 78 106Lobsters 5 6 129 37 119 181 167 191Others

Sub-Total 24 38 66 553 1831 18373 10040 23123 26347 25091 21094

Trash Fish 40 80 71 241 911 3273 9148 23760 30792 32110 25708

TOTAL 64 119 137 794 2742 21646 19188 46883 57139 57201 46802Source: Annual Fisheries Statistics.

Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

No. of Fishing units Licensed 1240 1160 1535 1355 950 1371 837 967 943 1002 1031 1059 1015 997Cumulative no. of Fishing units 819 1042 987 881 1055 12844 14574 16552 19744 18640 15185 14830No of trips 192617 261069 224042 190386 201024 179188 206680 214425 251947 612600 1639841 139575No. of days 204797 281420 241547 212382 252357 251088 275471 287478 326638 3463884 2988998 250542No. of hauls 564360 734154 583752 568686 674106 740999 755612 826170 985249 10442100 10434099 1134897Trawling hours 1675670 1971198 1443384 1334349 - 1845042 2066238 2111926

Groups of Fish

Demersal Fish 7037 5671 5038 5982 10260 25214 47334 25277 32217 31386 35212 34901Pelagic Fish 2732 2969 2391 2016 2909 6984 12992 10034 13172 12773 14498 14047Mixed Fish 866 861 818 961 938 3477 5589 6536 9516 10646 9746 9025Penaeid Prawns 2645 2485 1713 1944 1738 3229 3892 5104 5084 4019 4292 4920Cephalopods 1750 2718 1479 1948 5203 9003 10419 13605 22337 20009 15794 18915Crabs 408 366 212 181 354 861 935 1083 1303 855 868 871lobsters 50 113 96 152 290 567 603 369 441 648 704 806Others 11

Sub-Total 15488 15184 11747 13184 21692 49335 81764 62008 84070 80336 81114 83496

Trash Fish 17748 19154 19942 16603 13990 24497 45465 75427 107979 104213 96215 111414

TOTAL 33236 34338 31689 29786 35682 73832 127229 137435 192049 184549 177329 194910

Source: Annual Fisheries Statistics.

~VI

Abalistes stellaris (Jebong)

AJectiJindica (Ebek)

AJuter8 monoceros (Sarat-barat)

Mus thafassinus (Jahan)

Atropus-atropus (Rambai)

CMBnx spp (Cermin)

earatJf10ides spp (Cermtn)

Carangoides ferdau (Demudok)

Caem spp (PinanglDelah)

CongresaK taJabonoides (Malong) .

Cynoglossus spp (lidah)

Drepane punctata (Daun baharu)

Epinephelus sp (Kerapu)

Genes spp (Kapas)

Gymnocranius spp (Kapas)

Johnius spp (Gelama)

LABRIDAE (Sayan)

Leiognathus sp (Kikek)

Lethrinus $PP (landok)

Lutjanus arpentimacuJatus (Jenahak)

Lutjanus malabaficus (Mer_h)

Lutjanus sp (KunyiVTandalSerunai)

MegaJops cyprinoides (Sulan)

Nemipterus spp (kensi)

Parupeneus heptacanthus (Sip nangka )

Pennahis spp (Gelama)

Pentaprion Iongimanus (Kap . g"pas)

PenttJpodus Sf!tosus (Anjang-anjang)

PJectorllynchus pictus (Kaci)

Pomadasys spp (Gerut-gerut)

Priacanthus spp (lolong Bara)

Pristipomoides spp (Ibu Kerisi)

Protonibea diacanthus (lbu gelama)

Puttodus erumi (Sebelah)

RachycentTOn canadus (ANan t8.sek)

RAY (Pan)

Ssllida spp (Conor)

ScoIopsis spp (Pair)

Serio/ina tWgrofasciata (Aji-aji)

Sipanus spp (Dengkis)

Sili1f/o sihama (Bulus)

SphyraenajeJIo (KacangJAlu-alu)

Sphyraena spp (KacanglAlu-alu)

SHARX{Yu)

Tricanthus strigi/~(Selembu)

Trichiurus Jeplurus (TlmahlSelayur)

Upeneus sulphureus (Siji nangka)

2

Fonnio~(8.W81 Hitam}

_/0$"" con1yta (Cencaru)Pampu3 argetftu$ (Bawal Putih)

Polynemus $extarius (Senangin Buih)

R&streltiger kan~urta (Kembong)

ResJreliger $PP (Kembong,Temenong)

SComberoide$ commetMnianus (T.lang)

Scom~ commet3OlJ (Tenggirl)

SComberomou$ guttatus (Tenggiri Papan)

$elar boops (Lolong kuning)

SelIN CIlJmenophthalmu$ (Lolong)

SelamidesleptoiepU (Selat kuning)

StoIephonJs $PP (8i1is)

2.00

128.67

6.17

1.33

223.67

5.00

11.17

45.33

26.00

101.00

64.17

13.56

5.69

10.00

'42.63

'26.68

'.30

117.79

2.

MONTHS JAN FEB MAC APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT AVERAGE

Demersal fish KlBIT KlBIT KlBIT KlBIT KlBIT KJBIT KlBIT KlBIT KJBIT KlBIT KJBIT %

AbaJistes stellaris (Jebong) 8.33 7.78 20.83 89.00 94.07 50.00 33.64 112.75 87.50 10.25 46.42 0.

A/ee1is indica (Ebek) 0.75 0.08 0.00

A/utera monoceros (Barat-barat) 93.67 21.00 19.83 4.69 8.00 5. 115.25 27.50 14.25 30.16 0.29Anus thalassinus (Jahan) 122.00 96.25 89.00 45.25 32.67 41.50 190.56 104.25 132.00 125.50 93.75 0.89Caesio spp (Pinangille'aIl) 6.00 11.25 1.73 0.02

CarangoicMs spp (Cermin) 23.00 9.33 8.00 51.50 15.88 24.50 .33 183.50 85.25 98.75 51.95 0.49

Carangoides ferdau (Oemudok) 3.67 1.17 2.67 2.87 3.25 3.50 5.50 1.75 2.11 0.02Ceranx spp (Cermin) 4.00 0.40 0.00

eongroSOl< lalabonoicMs (Malong) 25.00 10.11 5.67 20.00 27.22 26.50 11.45 0.11

Epinephelus tallVins (Keretang) 1.67 0.00 0.17 0.00Epinephelus spp (Kerapu) 60.50 48.69 66.67 208.50 140.95 46.75 75.25 201.75 90.50 31.50 92.43 0.87Gerres spp (Kapos) 7.33 26.00 3.33 0.03

GymnocranhJs spp (Kapas 1-") 9.67 4.86 0.67 46.00 23.14 6.03 70.25 74.50 93.00 33.01 0.31Johnius spp (Gelama) 3.50 0.35 0.00Leiognathus spp (Klkek) 41.17 68.83 20.75 13.08 0.12LelMnus spp (Landok) 1.81 4.00 3.89 1.50 5.75 1.30 0.01Lulianus liIleo/alus (ku1yit-llu'lyit) 92.67 35.78 80.53 46.50 17.85 96.25 70.19 240.75 71.00 204.50 86.18 0.82Lutjanus maJabaricus (Merah) 59.67 22.87 58.00 195.00 80.76 81.75 165.47 115.25 88.50 38.50 82.40 0.78Lutjanus sebas (Merah belang) 5.25 4.15 1.00 0.01Lutjanus spp (KlI'lyiVTandalSen.nai) 12.06 1.67 32.06 29.00 17.50 40.25 23.50 15.25 14.23 0.13Megalops cyprinoides (8

Table 4. (Cont). Composition offish landed from deep-sea trawlers (Zone C 2) atKuantan, Pahang 1994.

MONTH FEe MAC APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC AVERAGE

Demersal fish KIBfT KIBfT KIBfT KIBfT KIBfT KIBfT KIBfT KIBfT KIBfT KIBfT KIBfT KIBfT %

Abo/Istes stellsris (Jebong) 5.00 046.67 19.06 57.57 5.83 10.00 70.00 19.47 0.28

AJjjslndce (Ebelc) 8.00 0.73 0.01

AJut",. IlIOtIOCOfl)S (B_-I>lnt) 8.75 3.50 26.25 11.67 5.00 5.02 0.07

Arlus thaJa$Stnu$ (Jahan) 27.00 61.06 60.51 51.33 62.42 33.00 64.00 132.56 35.58 101.00 57.13 0.83

Ceeslo spp (PlnangIOeI"") 11.67 1.06 0.02

Cerenx spp (Cermln) 2.72 3.046 2.33 1.046 0.91 0.01

CeratlflOkles spp (Cermln) 15.00 291.67 93.53 52.83 35.00 19.25 .59.50 130.00 95.38 11.67 62.50 78.74 1.15

CWangoides _ (Denulok) 10.00 26.34 12.83 11.00 2.33 5.68 0.08

CongreSOK telabonoldes (Maloog) 0.60 18.50 1.7" 0.03

Eplnephelus spp (K . pu) 15.00 93.33 55.03 73.23 23.33 24.50 9.25 25.00 80.06 2.04 62.00 42.07 0.61

EphlppiJs orlJis (PI",,) 1.75 0.16 0.00

Get78S spp(Kapal) 87.50 35.00 11.'. 0.16

Gymnocranius spp (Kapal) 35.00 43.75 0.00 22.50 9.20 0.13

LABRIDAE (Bayan) 2.23 0.20 0.00

Lelognalhus spp (Klkek) 40.00 3.64 0.05

Lethrinus spp (Landok) 6.00 23.33 1.17 10.49 1.75 3.21 1.50 3.00 10.50 3.50 6.50 U5 0.09

Lutjenus ecentrus eIorab.(p....-.g-parang) 12.50 11.67 6.57 1.17 2.04 20.00 10.30 17.50 58.00 12.70 0.18Dealpterus marulldsi (5eIayang) 355.00 11.67 111.50 55.00 65.63 29.17 10.00 58.00 0.84

I Decaplerus spp (5eIayang) 5.40 116.67 215.83 30.72 0.45Eulhxnnus efIfnis (Ays Io6ik) 2.80 0.00 8.75 1.05 0.02Fonnio niger (BlIWlIl hIIam) 1.25 35.00 2.33 10.34 6.71 4.96 5.50 13.00 9.19 11.75 36.50 12.41 0.18Megalespls cordy/e (Cenc:aru) 55.00 23.33 41.26 75.83 40.83 41.50 10.00 78.75 52.25 70.00 '.43 0.65PoIynemus sextarius (Senengln buih) 0.83 10.79 1.06 0.02

Table 5. Cpmposition of fish landed from deep-sea trawlers (Zone C 2) atEndau,Johorin 1993.

Table 5. (Cont). Composition offish landed from deep-sea trawlers (Zone C 2) atEndau, Johor in 1993.

, ;

MONTH JAN FEB MAC APR MAY JUNE JUL AUG SEPT OCT AVERAGE

llernoalfisn KIBfT KIBfT KIBfT KIBfT KIBfT KlBrr KIBfT KIBfT KlBrr KlBrr KIBfT %

Abl/mes stelletis (Jebong) 7.58 5.83 10.00 10.50 3.00 28.50 17.50 18.00 10.09 0.16

AlectJs /nllee (Ebek) 13.13 1.75 1.49 0.02

AlutOfJl """"""'" (BanIl-blnt) 2.50 12.25 14.00 10.00 3.88 0.06

Mus tha/a5Sinus (Puiutan1Jahan) 17.50 20.42 45.50 41.13 13.50 198.75 40.00 121.83 145.25 150.00 79.37 1.23

CoesJo spp (PlnengIlle/aI\) 28.93 2.89 0.04

CenJlll10kles spp (Com1In) 23.63 3.21 8.00 24.25 7.50 23.63 50.60 13.10 15.19 0.23

C""'IIJ( spp (Cermin) 5.25 33.25 3.85 0.06

CerafIlIO/des terrI.u (Oomudok) 1.50 0.15 0.00

Cot1gtwsolr tal.bonoides (Malong) 10.50 14.00 32.50 44.00 10.10 0.16

Ephippus leUllin. (K..-,g) 3.50 3.75 8.75 6.00 2.20 0.03

Epinephelu. spp (Kerapu) 8.13 3.50 19.83 4.38 33.50 19.25 19.25 105.00 113.75 noo 40.16 0.62Gezz. mlnut. (Kekek Iabu) 6.50 0.65 0.01

G""". spp (Kapas) 17.50 17.50 8.75 4.38 0.07

Gym_u. spp (Kapas laut) 0.75 27.13 17.50 12.00 5,74 0.09

Le/of1nathu. equu/us (Kikek) 557.55 55.76 0.86

Lmhrinus lanljan (lMldok) 3.50 1.25 6.25 10.00 2.10 0.03

LutjanuslJfllentimllculetus (Merah) 3.00 .7.88 1.09 0.02

Lutjanu. Hneolatus (Kunylt-lyit) 17.50 40.60 10.00 1.50 7.50 98.00 124.25 40.00 33.94 0.52

Lutjanu. maI.baricus (Merah) 7.00 10.50 14.58 5.25 65.00 28.25 20.50 101.50 105.00 81.50 43.91 0.68

Lutjanus spp (KunyltITandaI5ennai) 5.00 6.50 10.50 90.13 52.50 25.00 18.96 0.29

MOIJa/ops cyprinoIdes (B

"rIf: II

Meg8laspl. eotdy/a (Concaru) 78.75 41.67 29.98 11.67 25.SO 57.SO 23.25 30.63 15.SO 40.00 35.44 0.55

PoIynamu oxt8riu! (Senangin buih) 2.63 7.00 0.96 0.01

Ro!ltra/ligor kan8l/utfa (Kembong) 63.00 56.58 31.SO 37.33 40.30 78.SO 23.00 174.13 54.25 33.00 59.16 0.91

SCombettlmoro. comm8f!OI1 (T onggirl ) 31.94 36.25 54.83 45.15 15.30 58.25 18.SO 26.25 8.75 9.SO 30.47 0.47

SCombaromonJ. gutlatu. (Tong. po_) 71.75 5.83 7.00 42.88 4.SO 13.20 0.20

SoIarl>oop$ (Loiong IClring) 5.83 0.58 0.01

Solar crumonophth8lmu. (5eIar pucat) 21.88 SO.8O 70.90 64.17 10.00 95.00 37.SO 113.75 192.SO 232.SO 88.88 1.37

Solaroida.loplolapi3 (5eIar IClring) 148.75 233.33 105.33 95.75 SO.OO 11.00 29.75 88.90 76.28 1.18

StoiophOflJ$'" (BIIII) 21.00 15.00 9.25 4.53 0.07

SUB-TOTAL 839.56 623.89 429.32 447.15 221.10 435.75 208.75 452.53 524.25 726.40 490.87 7.58

Mlxodll!h(lkon~) 23.63 28.SO 33.83 13.42 40.00 15.SO 12.SO 10.SO 4.00 18.19 0.28

Penaoid prav.ns

Penaeus sami$uJcatus (Udg.harimau) 9.63 2.04 2.92 1.46 0.02Mo/apen u. bta_ (Udg.lClring) 0.88 0.09 0.00MoI8ponaou. /n/ormocIu. (Udg. okor biN) 13.13 3.SO 1.68 0.03 IMelapan8Op$i! !pp (Udg.p8!Ir) 28.25 5.25 16.33 4.78 0.07 I

Sub-tctaI 49.00 8.17 0.00 22.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.99 0.12 IllrachyutO (Crabs) ,

CaryW! cruci8t8 (Kotam merah) 3.SO 4.67 3.00 2.75 12.25. 2.62 0.04 IPmunnu. pel8I/lcu. (Kotam renjong) 26.89 2.04 0.00 2.87 0.04 1ISCylla ."",,18 (Kotam ";paIl) 7.00 0.70 0.01 I

ISub-tctaI 26.69 5.54 0.00 4.67 0.00 3.00 2.75 0.00 19.25 0.00 6.19 0.10Cephalopods

LDIIgo !pp (SoUlng biua) 310.33 517.13 1356.83 1281.18 503.SO 7SO.OO 427.SO 382.00 330.00 459.00 631.75 9.76sapia !pp (SoUlng k8t81totaI 551.58 668.05 1451.83 1368.68 612.SO 1125.00 721.SO 782.00 1031.00 1036.00 937.01 14.48

Lobsters

71Ienu. _ (Udg. lobok) 8.75 4.67 11.67 5.00 4.00 4.00 16.63 30.63 8.00 9.33 0.14PanulinJ. poIyph8I/U' (Udong karong) 1.75 0.70 1.17 2.00 1.SO 2.45 2.80 1.24 0.02

Sub-tctaI 10.SO 5.37 0.00 12.83 7.00 5.SO 6.45 16.63 30.63 10.80 10.57 0.16

Olhon

MoIIu$k (S1pul-llpul)

saa cucumber (Gamat)

Sub-tctaI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

TOTAL COMMERCIAL 3060.39 1832.01 32n.65 2265.87 1348.10 2364.75 1818.95 3438.78 3948.98 3630.90 2700.64 41.72

Troll II!h (Ikon baja) 2100.00 1620.00 3500.00 2450.00 1800.00 4200.00 3450.00 6000.00 7600.00 4800.00 3m.00 58.28

TOTAL CATCH 1110.31 3812.01 8m.8I 471U7 3148.10 8184.71 _.11 M31.78 11148.18 11I30.10 1472.14 100.00 .!Nota: KJBIT II KgIBoatITrip.

Table 6. (Cont). Composition offish landed from deep-sea trawlers (Zone C 2) atEndau, Johor in 1994.

Table 7. Percentage composition of trash fish from deep-sea trawlers (Zone C 2)at Kuantan, Pahang in 1993.

Ta ble 7. (Cont). Percentage Composition of trash fish from deep-sea trawlers (ZoneC 2) at Kuantan, Pahang in 1993.

'IIi I

MONTH JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JUL AUG SEPT OCT AVERAGE

Demersal species % % % % % % % % % % %

Abalistar stal/aris (Jebong) 1.02 0.48 0.13

Alectis indica (Ebek)

Alutera monoceros (Baral-baral) 2.39 2.83 2.79 0.79

Anodontostoma chacunda (Kebasi)Atius sp (PUutanlJahan) 1.47 0.20

BoTHIDAE (50belah) 2.60 0.86 2.11 3.88 3.18 1.57 1.63 1.58 0.19 0.12 1.54

Caesio sp (PlnangIDelah) 0.10 2.51 11.69 1.55

Carangoides spp. (CemlIn) 1.30 0.55 0.58 0.96 0.31 0.43

Coilia sp (Bllu ayam)

CongresOiCtalabonaides (Malong) 0.29 0.57 0.06

Cynoglossus spp (Udah) 0.34 0.69 0.06

Epinephelus sp (Ker.",,) 0.14 0.10 0.46 0.09

G.n. minuta (Kekek Labu) 5.41 0.72

Gerres sp (Kapas) 1.93 0.27 0.39

Gymnocran/us spp (P . kIK.pas) 0.43 0.06

John/us sp (GeI.ma)

LABRIDAE (Bayan) 1.39 1.14 0.34 0.10 0.39 0.30

Leiogna/hus spp. (K1kek)

LarMnus spp (Landok)

Luljanus linea/atus (kLnyit-ku1yit) 0.46 0.69 0.10 2.82 0.45

Luljanus malabaricus (Marah) 0.09 0.24 0.10 0.04

Luljanus sp (KunyiVTandaiSennai)

Mane m.culata (Kapak)

Nemiplervs spp (kerisi) 4.36 9.32 5.69 5.20 5.46 4.41 7.47 6.70 10.54 3.87 6.39

Opisthoplervs sp (Tamban)

P.ropeneus heplacanthus (Bljl nangka) 0.29 0.03

Pel/ona spp (Beli.k mats)

Penlapodus selosus (Anjang-anjang) 0.57 0.69 1.20 2.36 0.46

Panlaprion long/manus (Kapas-kapas) 7.42 8.37 11.57 4.77 0.68 1.40 0.97 2.61

Pfatyceph.lus spp (Bajl) 1.11 0.36 1.82 2.77 4.77 4.09 2.40 0.31 1.36

Pfactortlynchus sp (Kaci)

Pfotosus spp. (Semilang) 0.51 0.24 0.18 0.10

Pomadasys sp (Gerut-gerut)

Priacanthus sp (Loiong Bars) 1.08 0.83 3.18 5.25 4.33 4.02 15.85 4.15

Pristipomoides sp (Ibu Karisl) 0.36 5.68 0.29 0.85

RAY(Pari)

Saurid. sp (Conor) 13.44 17.59 3.99 23.28 8.23 3.10 16.50 6.23 3.87 9.10

SCoIopsis sp (PasirlPuyu laut) 0.46 25.50 0.10 1.89 3.67

Serio/. nigrifasciat. (Aji-ajl) 0.47 0.06

Siganus sp (Dengkls) 1.48 1.71 0.85 2.08 7.65 9.87 1.44 0.29 1.97 2.42

Silago sihama (llUus)

Sphyraona spp. (KacangJAlu-alu) 0.23 0.42 0.55 1.47 1.07 1.93 0.47

SHARK(Yu)

Therapon sp (Kerong) 2.32 0.31

Trican/hus spp (50lembu) 0.69 0.04

i'Trichiuros sp (TimahlSel.yu-) 1.25 2.12 1.94 1.93 11.60 2.28

Trlssoc/es spp (Kasai)

f Upeneus bensas! (Bljl Nangka) 8.53 5.33 13.55 1.32 3.98 2.83 1.57 23.96 12.18 7.06Upeneus sulphureus (Biji nangka) 0.37 6.44 1.87 0.60 21.87 3.48 3.97Upeneus /ragula, (Biji Nangka)

SulHotal 43.12 45.70 32.57 61.12 50.60 36.95 38.95 69.89 60.19 74.27 52.14

Pel.gic species

Alepes melanoplera (Belong) 0.15 0.02

Momma indica (Memtimah)

A/ul. m.t. (50lar) 0.08 0.01

oecaplervs maruadsi (5e1.yang) 3.34 28.93 0.90 1.20 0.37 0.96 10.70 0.29 0.21 4.05

Table 8. Percentage composition of trash fish from deep-sea trawlers (Zone C 2)at Kuantan, Pahang in 1994.

26

Table 8. (Cont). Percentage composition of trash fish from deep-sea trawlers (ZoneC 2) at Kuantan, Pahang in 1994.

Ii''i

MONTH FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC AVERAGE

Demersal species % % % .~ % % % % % % % %Abalister stel/am (Jebong) 0.25 0.49 3.21 0.56 1.35 1.15 1.20 0.59

Alaclis Indica (Ebek I Cormin) 0.41 0.05

Alutera monpcerus (Barat-bar.t) 1.97 3.63 2.21 5.05 0.301 0.76 1.81

Anodontostoma chacunda (Kebasi)Arlus sp (P\JIutanlJahan) 3.57 0.41 0.33

BOTHIDAE (Sebelah) 3.37 1.55 1.79 2.30 1.12 0.37 0.87 1.60 1.04

I! Caasia sp (Pinar"QlDelah) 0.11 1.44 1.35 0.74 0.96 1.83 \2.21 0.79Carangoides sp (Cermin) 0.&4 0.72 2.42 0.55 1.42 0.24 0.40 0.69

Coilia sp (Buu ayam)

Congresox la/abonoidas (Malong) 0.33 0.21 0.03

Cynoglossus sp (Udah) 1.58 0.10 2.93 0.54 0.74 0.59

Epln.phelus sp (Kerapu) 0.06 0.00

Gazza minuta (Kekek ) 10.59 1.96 0.36 0.48 0.51 0.&4

! : GetTOs sp (Kapas) 1.92 9.75 0.38 0.30 0.28 0.62Gymnocranius sp (Kapas laut) 0.86 0.19

Johnius sp (Gelama) 1.49 0.57 2.72 0.301

LABRIDAE (Bayan) 0.77 0.22 0.74 0.24 0.26

Loiogna/hus spp. (Kikek) 0.58 0.39 0.23 0.09

Lelhrinus spp (landok)

Lutjanus IIneo!alus (Kl.nyit-lc161yit) 0.00

Lutjanus malabarlcus (Merah) 0.301 0.03

Lutjanus sp (Kl.nyiVTandalSen.nai) 0.14 0.08 0.45 0.77 1.13 0.65 0.23

Mene maculata (Kapak) 2.08 0.92 0.21

Nemipterus sp (kerisi) 4.02 3.16 12.10 8.57 2.12 4.03 6.77 3.66 5.26 4.61 5.33

Oplsthopterus sp (Tamban) 2.42 0.14

Parupeneus hept8Canthus (Bijl nangka) 0.08 0.01

Pel/OIl. spp (Beliak maIJI)Penlapodus setosus (Anjang-anjang) 3.47 0.16 0.55 0.49 0.63 3.02 5.07 0.98

Penlaprion Iongimanus (Kapas-kapas) 0.86 5.57 7.85 1.46 8.02 4.45 0.62 5.92 3.11

Ptatyc.phalus spp (Baji) 4.80 0.13 1.16 0.94 0.45 0.97 0.62 1.71 2.12 1.12

Ptoctorllynchus sp (K.d) 0.74 0.06

PtoIosus spp. (Semilang) 0.47 0.03 0.41 0.10 0.47 0.13

Pomadasys hasta (Gerut-gerut) 0.13 0.02

Priacanthus sp (lolong bora) 4.65 1.38 0.88 5.48 6.19 0.91 9.38 18.301 11.65 8.26 0.65 8.37

PrisIipomoides sp (Ibu Kerisi)

RAY(Pari) 17.85 1.36 3.83 2.01

SBurida sp (Cooor) 11.72 11.73 8.&4 5.53 5.78 0.30 6.41 2.58 10.26 4.75 1.84 5.67

SColopsis sp (P.sir-pasir) 1.55 0.81 1.18 1.32 1.53 1.14 2.46 0.87 1.71 1.20 1.45

SOrioIa nigtifasclata (Aji-aji) 0.11 0.01

s;ganus sp (Denglds) 4.46 1.97 0.76 0.48 2.22 0.58 0.31 1.14

Silago sihama (Blius)Sphyraena spp. (KacanglAlu-alu) 0.05 0.06 1.14 0.80 0.58 1.35 0.51

SHARK(Yu)

Thetapoo sp (Kercng) 3.61 0.21, Tricanthus sp (sefembu lBarar-barat) 1.06 0.06Trichiurus sp (TimahlSelaY'X) 0.02 2.42 0.14

IIrriss-total 65.41 52.80 55.97 55.46 38.40 45.55 46.95 55.82 50.32 45.45 28.22 50.05

Pelagic species

Alepos metenoplera (Belong)

Momma incfce (Memtimah)

Atu/e male (Sol . ) 0.09 1.82 1.94 0.28

Deeapterus meruadsJ (Selayang) 1.79 8.39 0.53 23.73 20.05 22.68 4.72 5.25 1.38 9.76T.bl.9: (Cont). P.rcentag. composition of trash fish from d p tr.wt.ra (Zon. C 2).t Endsu, Johor In 1993.

Deeapterus sp (Sel.yang) 0.72 0.08 5.23 3.59 21.54 2.90

Table 9. Percentage composition of trash fish from deep-sea trawlers (Zone C 2)at Endau, Johorin 1993.

28

Dussumieria sp (Tamban blJltI) 1.61 0.45 0.80 0.62 0.25

Formio niger (Bawal hitam) 0.41 0.05Mega/asp;. cotdyta (Cencaru)

Reslt&lliger kanegurla (Kembong)

Sardinena sp (Tomban sisik) 1.07 0.23 0.18 0.82 1.20 1.17 0.39

S

IIII;II MONTH JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JUL AUG SEPT OCT AVERAGEI'1,1 Demersal species % % % % % % % % % % 'A,

Aba/is/Sf sI.llam (Jebong) 3.47 1.07 0.31 1.22 0.42 0.16 0.70

Alecti. indic. (Ebek) 0.74 0.02

AJutera monoceros (Barat-ba'at) 1.76 0.37 1.40 2.50 0.88 2.01 0.93

III Anodontostoma chacunda (Kebasi) 0.27 0.03I, Arlu p (PuiutanlJaIlan) 2.96 0.67 0.18

'IIBOTHIDAE (Sebetah) 0.55 4.00 0.92 3.21 0.88 2.26 0.58 0.71 3.5

oecaptl!flJs spp (Selayang) 8.18 2.57 1.31

Dussumieria sp (Tamban BLdtll) 4.33 0.58 2.66 0.97 0.44

Formio niger (Bawsl hitam)

Mega/aspls cordy/a (Cencaru) 2.59 0.08

Restrelliger kenagut1a (Kambong) 0.92 0.77 17.99 0.54 1.34

Sardinella spp 1.27 0.34 0.53 1.43 0.37

Scomberomous guttatus (Teog.Papan) 0.92 0.10

Solar crumenophlhalmus (Lolang) 0.53 1.70 0.06 2.28 0.20 0.66Se/ar0id8s lep/oIepis (Selar K1Iling) 3.25 3.63 4.16 1.03 0.93 2.62 0.15 0.62 0.14 1.43

StoiephOf1Js sp (Bills) 5.42 0.58 0.62 1.05 0.44

Sub-total 17.54 6.54 7.28 3.94 27.98 6.53 19.07 25.75 5.51 2.01 11.54

Prawns

Metapenaeus ;ntermecfus 0.20 0.02Melapeneopsls sp (Udg.Pasir) 0.37 0.91 0.23 0.26 0.80 0.10 0.33 0.24 0.25

Sub-total 0.37 0.91 0.23 0.26 0.80 0.10 0.33 0.44 0.26

8nldlyu-a

Carybdis cruciala (Ketam Merah) 0.55 0.10Pot1unnus spp (Ketam Laut) 0.46 0.82 0.09 0.20

Sub-total 0.46 0.82 0.09 0.55 0.29

Thenus orientalis (Udg. Lobok) 0.46 0.05

Cephalopods

Loligo spp (Satang Biasa) 0.37 0.73 4.62 1.41 0.40 0.07 1.13 0.80 0.33 1.93 1.12Sepia spp (Sotong Kalak) 1.02 1.16 0.39 0.13 0.34 0.21 0.78 1.09 0.46

Sepia/eutllis spp (Satang mengabang) 0.30 0.02

OCTOPODIDAE (Sotong K . ta) 0.40 0.29 0.05 0.89 0.17

Sub-total 1.39 0.73 5.78 2.10 0.53 0.41 1.74 1.87 0.38 3.91 1.77

0theB 0.10 0.19 0.81 0.12

True trash

Apogonspp. 1.85 1.45 3.47 1.07 0.93 1.22 0.24 0.45 0.71 2.66 1.27Ilnfchyura (Ketam) 2.18 0.58 0.21 0.13 1.94 0.63 0.89 0.71

GOBIDAE(Ubi) 0.82 1.34 3.87 0.59FISHTULARIDAE (Jolong-jolang) 1.29 0.54 2.66 0.14 0.61 1.25 0.77 0.63

Leiognalhus bindus (Kekek) 0.37 0.18 0.23 0.09 0.13 7.02 7.00 6.12 2.31

Leiognathus eIongelus (Kekek) 2.40 2.72 1.97 16.46 0.47 3.03 0.16 2.82 2.42

MONACANTHIDAE (Baratbarat) 1.20 2.00 2.77 1.46 0.13 24.33 2.08 0.49 0.71 3.30 5.38

Parnadysi3 argyreus (GerulilOf\Jl) 0.46 0.05

PARAPERC/DAE (Belacak) 0.46 2.72 0.92 0.69 1.13 0.75 0.67 0.38 0.66

SCORPION/OAE (Depu) 0.37 4.54 0.34 0.47 0.54 0.24 1.83 0.82 0.81

Seout",. ruconius (Kekek) 5.92 0.23 0.09 0.13 1.40 0.89 4.43 0.93

Squita spp. (Udeog Upan) 0.37 0.54 3.70 0.34 0.40 0.37 7.69 0.11 11.11 2.38

TETRAODONTIOAE (8l6Ul) 0.74 1.82 (.16 7.12 12.66 14.36 1.25 6.07 10.44 0.68 7.11

THERAPONIDAE (Kerong)0theB 1.25 0.05 1.85 0.31Debris (Sarnpah) 10.94 7.27 10.40 5.40 5.33 1.91 4.58 13.61 20.34 14.50 9.94

Sub-totaI 25.82 25.98 28.44 33.26 24.58 49.98 27.13 33.64 34.41 52.22 35.51

TOTAL 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Table 10. (Cont). Percentage composition of trash fish from deep-sea trawlers (ZoneC 2) at Endau, Johor in 1994.

31

80

B TOTAL LANDINGSo COMMERCIAL FISH

60 . DEMERSAL FISH"* TRASH FISH

l/)CI) "'0W CZ CO 40l/)Z ::J0 0I- J::I-

20

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993YEAR

20

8 TOTAL

-0 Commercial

15 * Trash fish

'"a.. "'C(2 I::

I;'i"

II':1Ii

il:6

*KUANTANI * ENDAUI: 4

11. .gI 1i: c:.,, t:: III:JCl 0~ .s::t-

2

oFEB 93 APR JUNE AUG OCT DEC FEB APR JUNE AUG OCT 94

Figure 4. Catches of demersal fish of deep-sea trawlers by month at Kuantan,Pahang and Endau, Johor.

2000

*KUANTAN1500 * ENDAU

11.1i:t:: 1000Cl~

500

oFEB 93 APR JUNE AUG OCT DEC, FEB APR JUNE AUG OCT 94

Figure 5. Catches ofpelagic fishof deep-seatrawlersbymonthat Kuantan,P~gand Endau, Johor.

2000

"* KUANTAN1500 * ENDAU

Q.

~~

1000

~

500

oFEB 93 APR JUNE AUG OCT DEC FEB APR JUNE AUG OCT94

Figure 6. Catches of squids (Loligo spp.) of deep-sea trawlers by month atKuantan, Pahang and Endau, Johor.

*KUANTAN

* ENDAUQ.

~ 400~

oFEB 93 APR JUNE AUG OCT DEC FEB APR JUNE AUG OCT94

Figure 7.

Figure 8. Surplus production curves offish resources in the deep-sea waters off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.MSY s for catchable fish, commercial fish an