fish training module for red

Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv-1

ZvwiLt w`bt mgqt ‡gqv` t 45 wgwbU

wk‡ivbvg t †cvbv Drcv`b Kjv-†KŠkj Ges n¨vPvix‡Z Avš—:cÖRbb I Aš—:cÖRb‡bi Kydj

&Afxó `j t cÖKí GjvKvi grm¨ DcKiY e¨emvqxMY

j¶¨ t GB Awa‡ek‡b AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K †cvbv Drcv`b Kjv†KŠkj Ges n¨vPvix‡Z Avš—:cÖRbb I Aš—:cÖRb‡bi cÖeYZv, Gi Kydj I KiYxq m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`qv n‡e hv‡Z Zviv GB Ávb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q wek¦¯’ n¨vPvix †_‡K †iby msMÖn K‡i mwVK c×wZ‡Z ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœ †cvbv Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i|

D‡Ïk¨ t GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwk¶bv_x©iv ‡cvbv Drcv`b †KŠkj, ‡iby/†cvbv cwien‡bi mwVK c×wZ, Af¨¯’KiY, cyKz‡i Qvovi wbqg I †KŠkj, mvi I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM c×wZ Ges hZœ mnKv‡i †cvbv jvjb cvjb Kivi †KŠkj ej‡Z cvi‡e Ges n¨vPvixi Avš—:cÖRbb I Aš—:cÖRb‡bi Kydj I KiYxq m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

f~wgKv t 1.Kzkjvw` wewbgq 2.c~e©eZx© cv‡Vi c~Yiv‡jvPbv 3. PjwZ Awa‡ek‡bi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ

welqe¯‘ t 1. ‡cvbv Drcv`b c×wZ (cÖ‡kœvËi I wd¬c PvU© ©) 2. †iby /†cvbv cwien‡bi mwVK c×wZ (cÖ‡kœvËi, wd¬c

PvU©) 3. †cvbv Af¨¯’KiY I Qvov (wd¬c PvU© I cÖ‡kœvËi) 4. mvi I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM (cÖ‡kœvËi)

5. cyKzi I gv‡Qi hZœ (cÖ‡kœvËi) 6. †cvbvi ¸YMZgvb wbwðZKiY (cÖ‡kœvËi) 7. Avš—:cÖRbb I Aš—:cÖRbb mgm¨vi KviY (cÖ‡kœvËi) 8. Avš—:cÖRbb I Aš—:cÖRbb mgm¨v wbim‡bi †KŠkj I

KiYxq (cÖ‡kœvËi)

mvi-ms‡¶c t 1. g~j welq¸wji Dci c~Yiv‡jvPbv (cÖ‡kœvËi I wd¬c PvU©)

2. cieZx© Awa‡ek‡bi mv‡_ †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb

cÖwk¶b mnvqK mvgMÖx t wd¬cPvU©, nuvwo, †cvbv (wewfbœ ai‡bi), Lv`¨ DcKiY (wewfbœ ai‡bi), MvgQv, cwjw_b e¨vM BZ¨vw`|

n¨vÛ AvDU -1

†cvbv Drcv`b Kjv†KŠkj Ges n¨vPvix‡Z AvšZ:cÖRbb I AšZ:cÖRb‡bi Kydj

†cvbv Drcv`b c×wZt : GK¯—i c×wZ ev GK avc c×wZt GKB cyKz‡i hLb 3-4 w`b eq‡mi

†iby ‡cvbv jvjb cvjb K‡i gRy` cyKz‡i Qvovi Dc‡hvMx Pviv †cvbv Drcv`b Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K GK¯—i c×wZ ev GK avc c×wZ e‡j| hv‡`i ïay gvÎ GKwU cyKzi Av‡Q Zviv GB c×wZ‡Z avbx ev Pviv †cvbv Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB c×wZ‡Z gRy` NbZ¡t 15-20 MÖvg/kZvsk|

wØ¯—i c×wZ ev `yB avc c×wZt cÖv_wgKfv‡e GKwU cyKz‡i †ewk cwigv‡b †iby †Q‡o 10-15 w`b ci avbx †cvbv Ab¨ cyKz‡i ¯’vbvš—i K‡i gRy` cyKz‡i Qvovi Dc‡hvMx Pviv †cvbv Drcv`b Kiv n‡j Zv‡K wØ¯—i c×wZ ev `yB avc c×wZ e‡j| GB c×wZB DËg| GB c×wZ‡Z gRy` NbZ¡t 30-50MÖvg/kZvsk

cÖ_g 10-15 w`b ch©š— †iby †h cyKz‡i _v‡K †mB cyKzi‡K AvZzi cyKzi Ges avbx †cvbv †h cyKz‡i _v‡K †m cyKzi‡K jvjb cyKzi e‡j|

‡iby cwienb c×wZt mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 4-5 w`‡bi g‡a¨ cyKz‡ii cvwbi is ev`vgx ev meyRvf avib Ki‡e| G Ae¯’vq †iby Qvovi Rb¨ n¨vPvix †_‡K †iby Avb‡Z n‡e| wbKUeZx© ¯’v‡bi Rb¨ †iby gvwUi nvwo ev Gjywgwbqv‡gi cv‡Î cwienb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| 20 wjUvi avib ¶gZv m¤úbœ GKwU cv‡Î 10-12 wjUvi Avqib gy³ wUDeI‡q‡ji cvwb I 2-3 wjUvi cyKz‡ii fvj cvwb wgkv‡Z n‡e| D³ cvwb‡K fv‡jvfv‡e Av‡›`vwjZ K‡i Aw·‡Rb `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU cv‡Î 200-250 MÖvg †iby cwienb Kiv fvj| 1-2 N›Uvi g‡a¨B †iby cwienb Kiv wbivc`| cv‡Îi cvwb‡K h_v m¤¢e VvÛv ivL‡Z n‡e| Z‡e `~ieZx© ¯’v‡bi Rb¨ cwjw_b e¨v‡M Aw·‡Rb w`‡q †iby cwienb Kiv DwPr| cÖwZwU e¨v‡M 200-250 MÖvg †iby cwienb Ki‡Z n‡e|

†iby Qvovi cwigvb, wbqg I mZ©KZv: cwigvb:

-GK ¯—i c×wZ‡Z 15-20 MÖvg †iby /kZvs‡k- wØ¯—i c×wZ‡Z 30-50 MÖvg †iby/ kZvs‡k

[2]

wbqg: - mKv‡j ev weKv‡j hLb cvwbi ZvcgvÎv Kg _v‡K ZLbB †iby Qvovi

DrK…ó mgq- ‡iby fwZ© cv‡Îi A‡a©K 10-15 wgwbU mgq a‡i cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q

ivL‡Z n‡e- Zvici ax‡i ax‡i cyKz‡ii cvwb cv‡Î, cv‡Îi cvwb cyKz‡i wb‡q A`j e`j

Ki‡Z n‡e - G fv‡e cyKz‡ii cvwbi ZvcgvÎv I cv‡Îi cvwbi ZvcgvÎv mgZvq Avb‡Z

n‡e- ZLb cvÎ KvZ K‡i Avj‡Zv fv‡e cv‡Îi w`‡K †XD w`‡j cvÎ †_‡K †iby ax‡i

ax‡i †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK~‡j ‡ewi‡q cyKz‡i P‡j hv‡emZK©Zv:

- AZ¨waK Mi‡g ev f¨vcmv AvenvIqvq †iby Qvov hv‡e bv - e„wói g‡a¨ †iby Qvov hv‡e bv - cvwbi ZvcgvÎvi mgZv bv K‡i nVvr K‡i †iby Qvov hv‡e bv - gvS cyKz‡i †iby bv †Q‡o cyKz‡ii cv‡oi KvQvKvwQ Qvo‡Z n‡e|

m¤úyiK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM: mg úwigvb PvD‡ji Kzov I mwilvi ˆLj wgwk‡q †ibyi m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ ˆZwi Kiv hvq| cÖ_g 7 w`b Kzovi cwie‡Z© AvUv cÖ‡qvM Kiv fvj| PvD‡ji Kzov I ˆLj fvj K‡i ¸ov K‡i Pvjbx ev MvgQv w`‡q †P‡j Lv`¨ evbv‡Z n‡e| KviY †iby †cvbvi gy‡Li AvKvi LyeB †QvU weavq Giv Lvev‡ii eo UzKiv †L‡Z cv‡ibv| Lv`¨ cÖwZw`b mKv‡j I weKv‡j w`‡Z n‡e| †cvbv eo nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvRbxqZvI †e‡o hvq| ZvB wbgœwjwLZ nv‡i cyKz‡i Lvevi mieivn Kiv DwPZ| GK¯—i c×wZ‡Z †iby †cvbv gRy‡ì ciw`b †_‡K Lvevi:

mgq Kvj Lv‡`ï cwigvb 1g 10 w`b gRy`K…Z †cvbvi IR‡bi 10 ¸Y 2q 10 w`b gRy`K…Z †cvbvi IR‡bi 15¸Y3q 10 w`b gRy`K…Z †cvbvi IR‡bi 20¸Y4_© 10 w`b gRy`K…Z †cvbvi IR‡bi 25¸Y5g 10 w`b gRy`K…Z †cvbvi IR‡bi 30 ¸Y6ó 10 w`b gRy`K…Z †cvbvi IR‡bi 35 ¸Y

wØ¯—i c×wZ‡Z cÖv_wgK chv©‡q Lvevi (‡iby -avbx) mgq Kvj Lvev‡ii cwigvb 1g 5 w`b gRy` K…Z †cvbvi IR‡bi 3 ¸Y2q 5 w`b gRy` K…Z †cvbvi IR‡bi 5 ¸Y3q 5 w`b gRy` K…Z †cvbvi IR‡bi 7 ¸Y4_© 5 w`b gRy` K…Z †cvbvi IR‡bi 10¸Y

gva¨wgK chv©‡q Lvevi (avbx- Pviv) cyKzi ˆZwii ci 1" AvKv‡ii †cvbv kZvsk cÖwZ 2500-4000 wnmv‡e gRy` Kiv hv‡e| †QvU I eo AvKv‡ii ZviZ‡g¨ gRy` NbZ¡ Kg †ewk n‡Z

[3]

cv‡i| avbx gRy` Kiv n‡j gRy‡ì 1 w`b ci †_‡K wbgœwjwLZ nv‡i Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e- ‡cvbv gRy‡ì 1 w`b ci †_‡K †cvbvi Rb¨ Lvevi:1g 15 w`b cÖwZ kZ †cvbvi Rb¨ 8 MÖvg 2q 15 w`b cÖwZ kZ †cvbvi Rb¨ 10 MÖvg3q 15 w`b cÖwZ kZ †cvbvi Rb¨ 12 MÖvg4_© 15 w`b cÖwZ kZ †cvbvi Rb¨ 14 MÖvg

cyYt mvi cÖ‡qvMt cvwb‡Z cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ evov‡bvi Rb¨ 7-8 w`b ci ci wbgœwjwLZ nv‡i mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †Mvei 1 ‡KwR/kZvs‡k, BDwiqv 100 MÖvg/kZvs‡k, wUGmwc 50 MÖvg/kZvs‡k| mv‡ii gvÎv wbf©i Ki‡e cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z cªvK…wZK Lv`¨ wK cwigvb Av‡Q Zvi Dci| hw` cªvK…wZK Lv`¨ †ewk K‡g hvq Z‡e mv‡ii gvÎv evwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e| hw` cªvK…wZK Lv`¨ †ewk ˆZwi n‡q hvq Z‡e mv‡ii gvÎv Kwg‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

‡cvbvi hZœ : niiv Uvbvt †iby Qvovi ci cÖwZw`b mKvj 7-8 Uvi g‡a¨ cyKz‡i

2evi niiv Uvb‡Z n‡e| †iby eo n‡Z _vK‡j Av‡¯— Av¯— niiv Uvbv Kwg‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

Rvj Uvbvt †iby †Q†o 10-15w`b ci ci gkvix Rvj †U‡b †cvbvi mvwe©K Ae¯’v I ¯^v¯’¨ ch©‡e¶b c~e©K eë¯’v MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e|

bvmv©ix cyKz‡i †ivM `gbt †ivM evjvB †_‡K †cvbv gvQ‡K i¶v K‡i Drcv`b evov‡Z n‡j †cvbvi †iv‡Mi KviY, †ivMvµvš— †cvbv †Pbvi Dcvq, †ivM cÖwZ†iva, †iv†Mi cÖwZ‡laK eë¯’v BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© mg¨K Ávb jvf Kiv AZ¨vek¨K |

gv‡Qi †ivM wPwKrmv ev cÖwZKvi GKwU AZ¨š— RwUj I e¨q eûj e¨vcvi KviY †ivM mbv³KiY I cªwZwU gvQ‡K Avjv`vfv‡e wPwKrmv Kiv me mgq m¤¢e n‡q D‡V bv| ZvB gv‡Qi cyKz‡ii cwi‡ek Dbœq‡bi Dci AwaK ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Kiv Avek¨K| evsjv‡`‡k bvmv©ix ev †cvbv gv‡Qi cyKz‡i †h me †ivM †`Lv hvq Zvi j¶Y, cÖwZKvi I cÖwZ‡iva m¤ú‡K© wb‡gœ ewY©Z n‡jvt

1. UªvB‡KvwWwbqvwmmt UªvB‡KvwWbv bvgK GK cÖKvi †cÖv‡Uv‡Rvqv G †iv‡Mi KviY| †`kx I we‡`kx i“B RvZxq gv‡Qi †cvbv G †iv‡M †ewk Avµvš— nq|

j¶Yt cÖv_wgKfv‡e kix‡i AwZwi³ wgDKvm Drcbœ nq| k¦vm cÖk¦v‡mi nvi †e‡o hvq Ges dzjKvq mv`v/ nvjKv nj‡` wmó

†`Lv hvq| AvuBk wcQjv n‡q hvq| cvLbv I †`‡n Lye †QvU †QvU i‡³i `vM †`Lv hvq

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gv‡Qi †cvbv AwZwi³ Avµvš— n‡j G‡jv‡g‡jv fv‡e mvZvi Kv‡U Ges `ª“Z gi‡Z _v‡K|

‡cvbv gv‡Qi wPwKrmvt Avµvš— ‡cvbv gvQ †eo Rvj w`‡q a‡i jeY cvwb‡Z †Mvmj Kiv‡Z n‡e| evjwZ‡Z cvwb wb‡q (10-12wjUvi) Zv‡Z 1 gyV Lvevi jeb A_ev 1 PvgP Wv³vix cUvk wgwk‡q Rv‡j AvUKv‡bv †cvbv †_‡K 200-300wU K‡i †cvbv gkvixi Kvc‡o ev ¯‹zc †b‡U wb‡q evjwZi cvwb‡Z †Mvmj Kiv‡Z n‡e| GB fv‡e 2-3 evi e¨env‡ii ci evjwZi cvwb †d‡j w`‡q Avevi bZzb K‡i jeY cvwbi wgkªb ev cUvk cvwbi wgkªb ˆZwi K‡i GKB wbq‡g Rv‡j AvUKv‡bv me †cvbvi †Mvmj Kiv‡Z n‡e| 30-40 †m‡KÛ ev hZ mgq †cvbv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i ZZUv mgq †Mvmj Kiv‡Z n‡e|

cyKz‡ii wPwKrmvt cÖwZ kZvs‡k 1 †KwR Pzb 2-3 wKw¯—‡Z cyKz‡i cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

2. KvB‡jv‡Wvwbwjqvwmmt KvB‡jv‡Wv‡bjv RvZxq †cÖv‡Uv‡Rqv G †iv‡Mi KviY|

j¶Yt - cÖv_wgKfv‡e †cvbvi kix‡i cÖPzi cwigvb wgDKvm ˆZwi nq hv

†cvbvi k¦vm cÖk¦vm Kv‡h© evav †`q |- mviv †`‡n bxjvf mv`v AveiY c‡o, gv‡Qi Z¡K bó n‡q hvq| - ‡cvbv A¯^vfvweKfv‡e `ª“Z mvZvi KvU‡Z _v‡K Ges ZvovZvwo

gviv hvq| wPwKrmvt jeY Rj ev cUvk cvwb‡Z †cvbv‡K †Mvmj Kiv‡Z n‡e 30-

40 †m‡KÛ ev hZ mgq †cvbv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

3. BK_vB‡qvcw_wiqvwmm (mv`v `vM †ivM) BK_vB‡qvcw_wiqvwmm RvZxq GK cÖKvi †cÖv‡Uv‡Rqv Øviv †cvbv

gv‡Q G †ivM m„wó nq | j¶Yt †cvbvi cvLbv I Z¡‡Ki Dci †QvU ev eo AvKv‡i mv`v‡U ev aymi

e‡Y©i `vM †`Lv hvq| gv‡Qi cvLbv Z¡‡Ki mv‡_ †j‡M hvq d‡j †cvbv m‡Rv‡i mvZvi KvU‡Z cv‡i bv| †cvbvi †`‡n ¶‡Zi m„wó nq|

wPwKrmvt jeY R‡j †Mvmj ev cUvk cvwb‡Z †cvbv‡K †Mvmj Kwi‡q cyKz‡i Qvo‡Z n‡e|

cyKz‡ii wPwKrmvt cyKz‡i kZvsk cÖwZ 1 †KwR nv‡i 2/3 wKw¯—‡Z Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

‡cvbv aiv I weµq Kivtavbx †cvbv †_‡K †cvbv aiv ïi“ Kiv hvq| avbx †cvbv aivi Rb¨ gkvixi Rvj e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| †cvbv mKvj †ejv AvniY Kiv DwPZ Ab¨_vq †cvbvi evuPvi nvi A‡bK K‡g hv‡e| †cvbv aivi ci nvcvi g‡a¨ †i‡L Kg c‡¶ 4-5 N›Uv mnbkxj K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| †cvbv aiv/weµ‡qi mgq †cvbv‡K nvZ w`‡q bvov Pvov bv K‡i cvwó‡Ki wQ`ªhy³ evwU w`‡q bvov Pvov Ki‡Z n‡e|

[5]

n¨vPvix‡Z AvšZ:cÖRbb I AšZ:cÖRb†bi cÖeYZv Ges Gi Kzdj: ‡cvbvi ¸YMZgvb wbwðZKiY:¸i“Z¡: gvQ Pv‡li †¶‡Î Kvw•LZ Drcv`b cvIqvi c~e©kZ© n‡jv ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœ †cvbv gRy` Kiv| AZx‡Z b`-b`x †_‡K msM„nxZ gv‡Qi †iYy I wPswoi wcGjB wQj gvQ Pv‡l †cvbv cÖvwßi g~j Drm| eZ©gv‡b cÖvK…wZi Dr†mi wech©q, we‡`kx gv‡Qi †cvbv Drcv`b Ges gvQ Pvl m¤cÖmvi‡Yi d‡j †cvbvi Pvwn`v eû¸Y †e‡o hvIqvq mviv †`‡kB miKvix I †emiKvixfv‡e cÖPzi n¨vPvix M‡o D‡V‡Q| G me n¨vPvix‡Z †`‡ki cÖvq me©ÎB Kvc© I wPswoi wcGj Drcvw`Z n‡”Q| grm¨ n¨vPvix wkí wnmv‡e M‡o DV‡jI A`ëwa Gi †KŠkjMZ w`K I mvwe©K eë¯’vcbvi Lye GKUv Dbœqb nqwb weavq DbœZ ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœ †cvbv Drcv`‡b Kvh©Ki fywgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv| n¨vPvix gvwjK ev cwiPvjK‡ì eª“W gvQ msMÖn, cwiPh©v I cªRbb cÖwµqvq KvwiMix Áv‡bi Afv‡e n¨vPvix‡Z gv‡Qi †KŠwjZvwZ¡K Ae¶q (†R‡bwUK B‡ivkb) I Aš—tcÖRbb RwbZ mgm¨v (BbweªwWs wW‡cÖmb) m„wó n‡q‡Q| hvi Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î Pvlxiv Awf‡hvM Ki‡Qb †h, n¨vPvix‡Z Drcvw`Z †cvbv †_‡K fvj djb cvIqv hv‡”Q bv| gv‡Qi †cvbv Drcv`‡b GB fqven †KŠwjZvwš—¡K Ae¶‡qi gvÎv µ‡gB †e‡o P‡j‡Q Ges Gi m¤¢ve¨ cÖwZwµqvi cÖfv‡e †`‡k grm¨ Drcv`‡b GK gvivZ¥K Aš—ivq m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| GLbB GB Ae¯’v †_‡K DËi‡Yi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv bv n‡j AwP‡iB Av‡iv wech©q †W‡K G‡b n¨vPvix wkí‡K Z_v grm¨ m¤ú`‡K aŸsm Ki‡e e‡j we‡klÁ‡ì aviYv| cÖvK…wZK Drm †_‡K AvnwiZ ev n¨vPvix‡Z Drcvw`Z Lvivc gvb m¤úbœ †iYy ev wcGj bvm©vix cyKz‡i Pvl Kiv n‡j †cvbv Pvlx weivU Avw_©K ¶wZi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡i| ‡hme Kvi‡Y †KŠwjZvwZ¡K Ae¶q mgm¨vi m„wó nq Zv wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-

1. eª“W gvQ evQvB‡q Am‡PZbZv (FYvZ¥K wbe©vPb cÖebZv) mvaviYZ: n¨vPvix‡Z †cvbv Drcv`b K‡i wewµ Kiv nq A_ev wbR¯^ bvm©vix‡Z cÖwZcvj‡bi Rb¨ ivLv nq| GB me bvm©vix‡Z †cvbv 3-4 BwÂ nIqvi ci ciB Zv †_‡K `ª“Z ea©bkxj Pviv †cvbv evQvB K‡i wewµ Kiv nq Ges A‡c¶vK…Z †QvU AvKv‡ii A_©vr cwiZ¨³ Kg ea©bkxj †cvbv (mxW DB_ cyIi †R‡bwUK c‡Ubwkqvj) eª“W gvQ wnmv‡e cyKz‡i eo Kiv nh| eª“W gvQ evQvB‡qi GB Am‡PZbZv‡K ejv nq FYvZ¥K wbe©vPb cÖeYZv| n¨vPvix‡Z †cvbv Drcv`‡bi Kv‡R wbgœgv‡bi GB eª“W eëüZ n‡j Drcvw`Z †cvbvi ¯^vfvweK e„w× I Drcv`‡b e¨vNvZ m„wó n‡e| KviY Kg Drcv`bkxj †QvU AvKv‡ii eª“W gvQ †_‡K Drcvw`Z †cvbv eskMZ Kvi‡Y eo nq bv| ZvB ¯^v¯’¨MZ w`K †_‡K `~e©j nIqvq AwaK nv‡i g„Zz¨ N‡U _v‡K|

2. AcwiYZ I Le©vK…wZ gvQ cÖRbb :gv‡Qi eqm I IRb e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ G‡ì wWg cÖ`v‡bi Av‡cw¶K ¶gZv (wRGmAvB) n«vm cvq| GRb¨ e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb evwYwR¨K n¨vPvix Acv‡iUiMY e„n`vKvi gvQ eënv‡i †gv‡UB Drmvn †eva K‡ib bv| †mB mv‡_ e„n`vKvi gvQ cÖRbb‡b i‡q‡Q cÖRbb

[6]

AmdjZvmn bvbvwea RwUjZv| A‡c¶vK…Z †QvU AvKv‡ii gvQ cÖRbb mnRZi| eª“W gvQ jvjb cvj‡b Lv`¨mn Acivci DcKiY eve` wecyj A_© e¨q nq| GB e¨q n«vm Ges AwaK gybvdv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Zviv †QvU AvK…wZi AmsL¨ gvQ Øviv eª“W ÷K MVb K‡i _v‡Kb| GB ai‡bi gvQ †_‡K Drcvw`Z †cvbv kvixwiKfv‡e `~e©j nIqvi Kvi‡Y AwaKnv‡i g„Zz¨ eiY K‡i Ges Kvw•LZ djb w`‡Z e¨_© nq|

3. AcwiKwíZ msKivqb/ Avš—:cÖRbb (µm weªwWs) msKivq‡bi gva¨‡g DbœZRvZ D™¢veb GKwU eûj cÖPwjZ c×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ Dw¤¢` I cïi RvZ Dbœq‡bi dmj Avgiv †fvM KiwQ| wKÛy GB msKivqb hw` c×wZMZfv‡e Abym„Z bv n‡q evQ-wePvinxbfv‡e NUv‡bv nq Zvn‡j djvdj ùvovq D‡ëv| ev¯—‡e Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB n¨vPvix Acv‡iUiMY ï× cÖRb‡bi RwUjZv Gwo‡q ïaygvÎ gybvdvi K_v †f‡e h‡_”Qfv‡e Kvc©RvZxq gv‡Qi msKivq‡bi cÖqvm Pvwj‡q hv‡”Qb| Gfv‡e Zviv KvZjvi mv‡_ i“B, i“B Gi mv‡_ g„‡Mj, KvZjvi mv‡_ Kgb Kv‡c©i msKi Drcv`b K‡i hv‡”Qb| wbR¯^ ¯^v_© wmw×i Rb¨ Ges AwaK gybvdv jv‡fi Rb¨ G‡nb we‡eKnxb KvRwU Zviv K‡i hv‡”Qb| G ¸‡jv cÖK…wZ‡Z G‡m Avgv‡ì cÖvK…wZK †R‡bwUK m¤ú‡ì (‡R‡bwUK wi‡mv‡©mm) ï×Zv I m¤¢vebvi Rb¨ ûgwK m„wó Ki‡Q| Drcvw`Z msKi RvZwU g~j weï× Rv‡Zi †P‡q †gv‡UB fvj bv| d‡j A‡bK †¶‡Î we`Ny‡U †Pnvivi gvQ †`‡L gvbyl µgvš^‡q n¨vPvixi cÖwZ wei³ n‡q co‡Q| Gfv‡e AcwiKwíZ msKivq‡bi cÖeYZv Pj‡Z _vK‡j cwiw¯’wZ µ‡gB RwUjZi n‡q co‡e G‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n ‡bB|

4. eskMZ fv‡e AZ¨š— Nwbó eª“W gv‡Qi g‡a¨ cÖRbb /Aš—:cÖRbb (BbweªwWs)

eskMZfv‡e AZ¨š— Nwbó/wbKU m¤ú‡K©i eª“W gv‡Qi g‡a¨ cÖRbb Ges GKB ¯¿x gvQ †_‡K Drcvw`Z fvB‡ev‡bi (mxe) g‡a¨ cÖRbb NUv‡bvi gva¨‡g Aš—t cÖRbb mgm¨vi m„wó nq| G&B cÖwµqvq esk avivq êwPÎnxbZv (†nv‡gvRvB‡Mvwó) e„w× cvq| Gi Kzdj ev Z_v †KŠwjZvwZ¡¡K welqwµqvq gv‡Qi Drcv`bkxjZv nªvm, cÖRbb wedjZv, weKjv½Zv, †ivM cÖeYZv BZ¨vw` e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i| †`Lv †M‡Q GKwU cÖR‡b¥i Aš—tcÖRb‡bi d‡j eskMZ êwk‡óï cÖvq 25 kZvsk êwPÎ n«vm cvq| n¨vPvix gvwjKMb wbR¯^ n¨vPvix‡Z Drcvw`Z gvQ eª“W wnmv‡e †hvM (wiµzU) K‡i _v‡K evwZjK…Z (wWmKv‡W©W) gv‡Qi ïb¨Zv c~i‡bi Rb¨| GBfv‡e w`b w`b gv‡Qi eskMZ djbkxjZv (†R‡bwUK c‡Ubwkqvj) AvksKv RbKfv‡e n«vm cv‡”Q |

‡KŠwjZvwZ¡K mgm¨v wbim‡bi †KŠkj I KiYxq:n¨vPvix gvwjK ev Acv‡iUiMY eª“W gvQ msMÖ‡ni mgq wbgœwjwLZ wbqgvejx †g‡b Pj‡j Lye mn‡RB †`‡ki g~jëvb grm¨ m¤ú`‡K m¤¢ve¨ wech©‡qi nvZ †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|

[7]

1. `ª“Z ea©bkxj †cvbv evQvB K‡i eª“W óK MVb :n¨vPvix‡Z Drcvw`Z †cvbv †_‡K eª“W ˆZwi Ki‡Z PvB‡j Aš—tcÖRbb nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| ZvB †Kvb GKUv cÖRvwZi A‡bK¸‡jv ¯¿x I cyi“l eª“W †_‡K †cvbv Drcv`b K‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †_‡K `ª“Z ea©bkxj Aí msL¨K Pviv †cvbv evQvB K‡i eª“W ÷K wnmv‡e mwVK cwiPh©v Ki‡Z n‡e| Av‡iv fvj n‡e hw` cÖwZ eQi n¨Pvvix‡Z gRy`K…Z eª“W ÷‡Ki 20-30 % wewµ K‡i b`x Drm †_‡K msMÖn K‡i Zv c~iY Kiv nq|

2. n¨vPvix mg~‡ni g‡a¨ eª“W gvQ wewbgq:m¤¢e n‡j 1-2 eQi Aš—i GK n¨vPvixi cyi“l eª“W Ab¨ n¨vPvixi ¯¿x eª“W gv‡Qi mv‡_ wewbgq K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| wewbgq †hvM¨ eª“W gvQ ¸‡jv wbR¯^ n¨Pvix‡Z Drcvw`Z n‡Z n‡e|

3. b`x Drm †_‡K eª“W gvQ msMÖn Kiv:cÖwZ 3-4 eQi Aš—i wewfbœ b`x Drm †_‡K †cvbv msMÖn K‡i

eª“W ÷K ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e n‡j Lye fvj nq| GB me ÷K †_‡KI `ª“Z ea©bkxj Pviv †cvbv Avjv`v K‡i eª“W ÷K ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|

4. cÖRbb Kv‡R AwZNwbó eª“W eënvi bv Kiv:AwZ Nwbó ej‡Z eskMZfv‡e AZ¨š— KvQvKvwQ A_©vr GKB †Rvov eª“W gvQ †_‡K cÖvß fvB-†evb m¤úK©xq †cvbv ev GB me †cvbv eo K‡i gv/evev m¤úK©xq eª“‡Wi mv‡_ cÖRbb NUv‡bvi Kvh©µg †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e|

5. AcwiKwíZ msKivq‡bi D‡`¨vM cwinvi Kiv:cwiKíbvnxb msKivq‡b †h‡nZz esk ci¯úivq ÷K wbgœ gv‡bi n‡q Kg Drcv`kxjZvi mgm¨v ev G‡ì cÖfv‡e †`kxq ÷‡Ki weï×Zv bó n‡q hvIqvi mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡e ZvB e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb n¨vPvix Acv‡iUi‡ì GB cÖ‡Póv †_‡K m¤ú~Y© weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e|

6. cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ †QvU AvKv‡ii eª“W gvQ eënvi cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖRbb¶g eª“W gvQ wbe©vP‡b cÖwZwU cÖRvwZi †¶‡Î Dchy³ eqm I IR‡bi GKwU mywbw`©ó gvb AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e|

[8]


ZvwiLt w`bt mgqt‡gqv`t 30 wgwbU

wk‡ivbvg t cyKzi/†N‡ii cvwbi †fŠZ-ivmvqwbK ¸Yvejx wbqš¿Y I eë¯’vcbv|

Afxó `j t cÖKí GjvKvi grm¨Pvl DcKiY eëmvqxMY|j¶¨ t GB Awa‡ek‡b AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K cyKzi/†N‡ii gvwU I

cvwbi †fŠZ ivmvqwbK ¸Yvejx m¤ú‡K© avibv †`qv n‡e hv‡Z Zviv GKwU Drcv`b cyKz‡ii gvwU I cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y †Kgb nIqv DwPr Zv eyS‡Z/wbb©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

[9]

D‡Ïk¨ t GB cÖwk¶Y †k‡l cÖwk¶Yv_©xMY gvwU I cvwbi †fŠZ-ivmvqwbK Dcv`v‡bi bvg I G‡ì êwkó ej‡Z cvi‡eb Ges G‡ì eë¯’vcbv †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

f~wgKv t 1. Kykjvw` wewbgq 2. c~e©eZx© Awa‡ek‡bi mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb 3. PjwZ Awa‡ek‡bi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ

welqe¯‘ t cyKzi/†N‡ii cvwbi †fŠZ-ivmvqwbK ¸Yvejx wbqš¿Y I eë¯’vcbv|

1. gvwU I cvwbi cÖavb cÖavb †fŠZ Dcv`vb¸‡jv wKwK Ges G‡ì cÖfve (cÖ‡kœvËi)

2. cvwb-gvwUi wcGBP, Av‡jv, ZvcgvÎv, †NvjvZ¡ Ges MfxiZv (cÖ‡kœvËi)

3. cvwbi cÖavb cÖavb ivmvqwbK ¸Yvejx (Aw·‡Rb, Kve©b WvB A·vBW, A¨v‡gvwbqv, jebv³Zv BZ¨vw`) (cÖ‡kœvËi)

4. cvwb‡Z gvQ Pv‡l AwK&ª‡R‡bi Drm I cÖfve (cÖ‡kœvËi)5. cvwb‡Z gvQ Pv‡l Kve©bWvB A·vB‡Wi Drm I cÖfve

(cÖ‡kœvËi)6. cvwb‡Z gvQ Pv‡l A¨v‡gvwbqvi cÖfve7. cvwb‡Z gvQ Pv‡l nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mvjdvB‡Wi cÖfve

(cÖ‡kœvËi)8. gvQ I wPswo Pv‡l jeYv³Zvi cÖfve (cÖ‡kœvËi)

mvi-ms‡¶c t 1. g~j welq¸wji Dci c~Yiv‡jvPbv (cÖ‡kœvËi) 2. Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨ hvPvB (cÖ‡kœvËi) 3. cieZx© Awa‡ek‡bi mv‡_ †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb

cÖwk¶Y mnvqK mvgMÖx t gvwëwgwWqv, wd¬cPvU© I gvK©vi|

n¨vÛ AvDU - 2cyKzi/†N‡ii gvwU I cvwbi ¸Yv¸b

cyKz‡ii gvwUB n‡jv cvwb avi‡Yi Avavi| ZvB gvwU I cvwbi ¸YMZ êwk‡ó G‡K A‡bï Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q _v‡K| we‡kl K‡i gvwUi †fŠZ ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb¸‡jvi Øviv cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y Ges A‡bK †¶‡Î cvwb‡Z Dcw¯’Z DcKiYmg~‡ni Kvi‡Y gvwUi ¸Yv¸Y cÖfvweZ n‡q _v‡K| cyKz‡ii

[10]

Drcv`bkxjZvq cÖfve m„wóKvix gvwU I cvwbi ¸Yv¸‡Yi g~j wbqgKvbybmg~n wbgœiƒct

wcGBP Ges gvwU‡Z Dcw¯’Z cywó c`v‡_©i Dci wfwË K‡i gvwU‡K 3 wU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| †hgbt D”PZi Drcv`bkxj gvwU, ga¨g Drcv`bkxj gvwU I wbgœ Drcv`bkxj gvwU|

gvwUi cywógvb I wcGBP Abyhvqx cyKz‡ii †kªYxweb¨vmt

Drcv`bkxjZvi bvg

cywói gvÎv

wcGBP

bvB‡Uªv‡Rb (wgMÖv/wK‡jv

gvwU)

dmdivm (wgMÖv/wK‡jv

gvwU)

Kve©b(wgMÖv/

wK‡jv gvwU)

D”PZi 6.5-7.5 <50 6-12 >1.5

ga¨g 5.6-6.5 25-49 3-5 0.5-1.4

wbgœ <5.5 <25 <3 <0.5

wcGBP n‡”Q FYvZ¡K nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Avqb Nb‡Z¡i cwigvcK, hv 1 †_‡K 14 ch©š— we¯—…Z| wcGBP Gi gva¨‡g A¤Z¡ I ¶viK‡Z¡i cwigvb wba©viY Kiv nq| G †¶‡Î 7 n‡jv wbi‡c¶ gvb| 7 Gi Dc‡i (7-14) ¶v‡ii gvb Ges 7 Gi bx‡P (7-1) A¤ gvb| cvwbi wcGBP gv‡bi `ª“Z DVvbvgv wgkª Pv‡li Rb¨ fvj bq| cvwbi wcGBP gvb K‡g †M‡j:

gvQ I wPswoi †`n †_‡K †mvwWqvg I †K¬vivBW †ewi‡q hvq| d‡j Zviv `~e©j n‡q gviv hvq

gvQ I wPswoi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv I Lvevi i“wP K‡g hvq cyKz‡i cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ Drcv`b n«vm cvq gvQ I wPswoi cÖRbb ¶gZv †jvc cvq

cvwbi wcGBP †e‡o †M‡j gvQ I wPswoi dzjKv I †PvL bó n‡q hvq Am‡gv‡i¸‡jkb ¶gZv n«vm cvq Lv`¨ MÖnY eÜ n‡q hvq

gvQ I wPswo Pv‡l Av`k© wcGBP gvb 7-9| wcGBP gvb 4 Gi bx†P †M‡j gvQ gviv hvq|

cvwbi ¸Yv¸YgvQ Pv‡l cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y ej‡Z eySvq gv‡Qi †eu‡P _vKv I ¯^vfvweK e„w×i R‡b¨ mnbkxj cvwbi Ae¯’v| cvwb‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi M¨vm †hgb- Aw·‡Rb, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, Kve©b WvBA·vBW, AbvqwbZ A¨v‡gvwbqv, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mvjdvBW Ges Ges wg‡_b; A‰Re c`v_©mg~n †hgb- dmdivm, K¨vjwmqvg, cUvwmqvg, g¨vM‡bwmqvg, †mvwWqvg BZ¨vw`; `ªexf~Z

[11]

ˆRe c`v_© mg~n †hgb- GgvB‡bv GwmW, †cÖvwUb, kK©iv, d¨vwU GwmW, wfUvwgb I UwbK GwmW; A`ªexf~Z ˆRe c`v_© mg~n †hgb- e¨vK‡Uwiqv, †cÖv‡Uv‡Rvqv, dvB‡Uv I RycvsKUb; A`ªebxq AˆRe c`v_© mg~n †hgb- gvwUi Kbv BZ¨vw` Dcv`vb cyKz‡i Kg ev †ekx cwigv‡b we`¨gvb _v‡K|cvwbi ZvcgvÎv:wewfbœ Rv‡Zi gvQ Ges wPswoi ZvcgvÎv mnbkxjZv wfbœ| ZvcgvÎv Lye Kg A_ev †ewk n‡j gvQ I wPswo

Lv`¨ MÖnY eÜ n‡q hvq cvwb‡Z Aw·‡Rb I Ab¨vb¨ ivmvqwb†Ki cwigvb †ewk nq e„w×i ZviZg¨ nq wgkªPv‡l Av`k© ZvcgvÎv n‡”Q 28-30 wWwMÖ.†m.

mZK©Zvt 10 kZvs‡ki bx‡Pi AMfxi †QvU cyKz‡ii ZvcgvÎv Lye `ª“Z DVvbvgv

K‡i| we‡klZ A‡±vei-b‡f¤^i Ges gvP© gv‡m Mj`v Pv‡li cyKz‡i ZvcgvÎvi cÖfv‡e ANUb N‡U †h‡Z cv‡i|

ZvcgvÎv nVvr †e‡o †M‡j cwi¯‹vi VvÛv cvwb mieivn A_ev †Uvcv cvbvi gva¨‡g (cvwbi AvqZ‡bi 10%) mvgwqK Qvqvi e¨e¯’v K‡i †ewk ZvcgvÎv wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq|

Aw·‡RbtAw·‡Rb gvQ Z_v mKj cÖvYxi Rxeb i¶vKvix M¨vmxq c`v_©| cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvb Aw·‡Rb Qvov †Kvb cÖvYxi ¯^vfvweK e„w× nqbv| Aw·‡Rb cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Ae¯’vq _v‡K| mvaviYfv‡e wPswoi Aw·‡Rb Pvwn`v Kv‡c©i †P‡q †ewk| cvwb‡Z Aw·‡R‡bi Drm g~jZ 2wU:

cvwb msjMœ evZv‡mi Aw·‡Rb hZ¶Y ch©š— cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z bv nq ZZ¶Y ch©š— gv‡Qi †Kvb Kv‡R Av‡mbv| G cÖwµqvq Lye Kg cwigv‡b Aw·‡Rb cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z nq

mv‡jvKms‡klY: cvwb‡Z Aew¯’Z meyR †kIjv m~h©v‡jv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ‡Z mvivw`b a‡i ˆRe ivmvqwbK cÖwµqvq me‡P‡q †ewk ˆZwi nq| GB Aw·‡Rb cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z nq| GB cÖwµqvqB cvwb‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk cwigv‡b Aw·‡Rb `ªexf~Z nq| cvwb‡Z GB `ªexf~ZKiY cwi‡e‡ki A‡bK cÖfveK Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q _v‡K †hgb: ZvcgvÎv, jebv³Zv I evqyi Pvc|

ZvcgvÎvi mv‡_ Aw·‡R‡bi `ªebxqZvi m¤úK©:ZvcgvÎv (wWMÖx †m.)

Aw·‡R‡bi `ªeYxqZv (wgMÖv/wjUvi)-wgVv cvwb

16 9.8618 9.4520 9.0922 8.73

[12]

24 8.4026 8.0928 7.8130 7.54

Rx‡ei k¦vm-cÖk¦vm, ˆRe c`v‡_©i cPb, wewfbœ M¨v‡mi Dcw¯’wZi Ges cvwbi ZvcgÎv †e‡o hvIqvi Kvi‡Y ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e Zv K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i| cvwb‡Z gvQ Pv‡l Aw·‡R‡bi cÖfve:Aw·‡R‡bi Afv‡e:

gv‡Qi e„w× K†g hvq Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi cÖeYZv n«vm cvq wW‡gi cwigvb K‡g hvq dzjKv bó nq Ges mn‡RB †ivMvµvš— n‡q gvQ gviv †h‡Z cv‡iAw·‡R‡bi cwigv‡bi mv‡_ gv‡Qi Ae¯’vi m¤úK© wbgœiƒc:

Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvb (wgMÖv/wjUvi)

gv‡Qi Ae¯’v

1 K‡qK N›Uvi g‡a¨ mg¯— gvQ/wPswo gviv †h‡Z cv‡i (wRqj gvQ Qvov)

1-5 gvQ †eu‡P _v‡K Z‡e gv‡Qi e„w× I Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi nvi K‡g hvq

>5 gv‡Qi ¯^vfvweK e„w× I cÖRbb N‡U

Kve©b WvBA·vBW:mv‡jvK ms‡klY cÖwµqvi Acwinvh© ‡gŠwjK Dcv`vb| Gi Afv‡e cÖv_wgK Drcv`b (dvB‡UvcvsKUb) nqbv| cvwb‡Z M¨vmwU 3 fv‡e _vK‡Z cv‡i: gy³ Kve©b WvBA·vBW wnmv‡e, evBKv‡e©v‡bU wnmv‡e Ges Kv‡e©v‡bU wnmv‡e| cvwb‡Z Kve©b WvBA·vB‡Wi Drm n‡jv ˆRe c`v_© ev cvsKUb cPb Ges cvwb‡Z Aew¯’Z Rx‡ei k¦vm-cÖk¦vm|Kve©b WvB A·vB‡Wi cÖfve:gy³ Kve©b WvB A·vBW gv‡Qi Rb¨ welv³ bq| Gi welv³Zv cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Aw·‡R‡bi Nb‡Z¡i Dci wbf©i K‡i| `ªexf~Z Aw·‡R‡bi NbZ¡ †ewk n‡j Gi welv³Zv Kg nq| cvwb‡Z Kve©b WvB A·vB‡Wi gvÎv 12 wgMÖv./wjUvi Gi †ewk nIqv DwPr bq|

A¨v‡gvwbqv:GUv GKwU bvB‡Uªv‡Rb RvZ welv³ M¨vm| Gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z gv‡Qi ¯^vfvweK e„w× e¨nZ nq| gvQ †ivMvµvš— n‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK mg¯— gvQ gviv †h‡Z cv‡i| gv‡Qi eR©, Af~³ Lv`¨, wewfbœ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb c`v_© g„Z †kIjv e¨v‡±wiqv Øviv cP‡bi d‡j A¨v‡gvwbqvi m„wó nq| Zv Qvov `~wlZ c`v‡_©i Øviv cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z A¨v‡gvwbqv P‡j Avm‡Z cv‡i|

[13]

cvwbi Gi gvÎv 0.025 wgMÖv/wjUvi Gi †ewk nIqv DwPr bq| cvwb‡Z A¨v‡gvwbqv †e‡o †M‡j gv‡Qi i³ Ges †ckx‡ZI A¨v‡gvwbqvi gvÎv †e‡o hvq d‡j gv‡Qi †`‡ni wcGBP Gi gvÎv K‡g hvq I gv‡Qi e„w× n«vm cvq|

nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mvjdvBWtcyKz‡ii Zjvq Aw·‡Rbwenxb Ae¯’vq wKQz wKQz †n‡U‡ivUªwdK e¨v‡±wiqv mvjdvi I mvi‡dU eënvi K‡i mvjdvBW M¨vm Z¨vM K‡i| †ewk Mfxi cyKz‡i AwZwi³ mvi eënvi Kiv n‡j G M¨vm m„wó n‡Z cv‡i, hv gv‡Qi Rb¨ ¶wZKi| cvwb‡Z Gi gvÎv 0.002 wgMÖv/wjUvi Gi †ewk nIqv DwPZ bq| Gi †ewk n‡j dzjKv, hK…Z Ges wcË bó n‡q hvq| m‡e©vcwi Gi welv³ wµqvq gvQ gviv †h‡Z cv‡i|

jeYv³Zv: cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z †mvwWqvg †K¬vivBW Ges Ab¨vb¨ Avq‡bi NbZ¡‡K jeYv³Zv e‡j| cvwb‡Z jeYv³Zv evo‡j cvwbi A‡®§vwUK Pvc †e‡o hvq, d‡j ¯^v`y cvwbi gv‡Qi †`‡n cvwb ïb¨Zv n‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ gv‡Qi jeYv³Zv mnbkxjZvi gvÎv wewfbœ iKg|Dc‡iv³ wewfbœ Dcv`vbmg~‡ni fvimvg¨nxbZvq gv‡Qi Dci weiƒc cÖfve c‡o| gvQ †ivMvµvš— nq, e„w× K‡g hvq Ges gvivI †h‡Z cv‡i|

Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv- 3

ZvwiLt w`bt mgqt ‡gqv`t 40 wgwbU|

wk‡ivbvg t ‡iv‡Ubbmn Ab¨vb¨ Rxevby I KxUbvk‡Ki gvÎv wba©viY I cª‡qvM †KŠkj

Afxó `j t cªKí GjvKvi gvrm¨ Pvl DcKiY eëmvqxMY

j¶¨ t GB Awa‡ek‡b cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡ì‡K Kvc©, Mj`v, evM`v I Kvc©-Mj`v wgkªPv‡li cyKzi/‡N‡i ‡iv‡Ubbmn Ab¨vb¨ Rxevby I KxUbvk‡Ki gvÎv I cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`qv n‡e hv‡Z Zviv GB Ávb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q mwVKfv‡e ‡iv‡Ubbmn Ab¨vb¨ Rxevby I KxUbvkK mwVK gvÎvq h_vh_fv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i|

D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwk¶Yv_x©iv ‡iv‡Ubbmn Ab¨vb¨ Rxevby I KxUbvk‡Ki bvg, cÖ‡qvM gvÎv I †KŠkj mwVKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

fywgKv t

1. Kykj wewbgq [14]

2. c~e©eZx© Awa‡ek‡bi c~biv‡jvPbv3. PjwZ Awa‡ek‡bi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ

welqe¯‘ t 1. Rxevby I KxUbvkK cwiwPwZ (cÖ‡kœvËi) 2. cª‡qvMgvÎv I †KŠkj (cÖ‡kœvËi) 3. wbwl× KxUbvk‡Ki cÖfve (e³…Zv)

4. †cvbv †kva‡bi ¸i“Z¡ I c×wZ (cÖ‡kœvËi I eënvwiK)

5. wel cÖ‡qv‡M mZK©Zv (cÖ‡kœvËi)mvims‡¶c t 1. gyj Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi c~biv‡jvPbv


cÖwk¶Y mnvqK mvgMÖx t wewPs cvIWvi, wWcUv‡i·, mywgw_qb, †iv‡Ubb, wWwWwU, wnjWb, jeY, cUvwmqvg cvig¨v½v‡bU (Wv³vix cUvm), gvwëgwWqv, wd¬cPvU© I gvK©vi

n¨vÛ AvDU-3 †iv‡Ubbmn Ab¨vb¨ Rxevby I KxUbvk‡Ki cÖ‡qvM gvÎv

wewfbœ Rxevby I KxUbvkK cwiwPwZgvQ Pv‡l Aby‡gvw`Z I Abvby‡gvw`Z wewfbœ Rxevby I KxUbvkK eënvi n‡q _v‡K| Gi g‡a¨ D‡jL‡hvM¨ Aby‡gvw`Z Rxevby I KxUbvkK n‡jv- ‡iv‡Ubb, Pv ex‡Ri ¸ov, gûqv ex‡Ri ‰Lj, wewPs cvDWvi, wWcUv‡i·, mywgw_qb, cUvwmqvg cvig¨v½v‡bU (Wv³vix cUvm) BZ¨vw`| Avi wbwl× ev Abvby‡gvw`Z n‡jv- wWwWwU, †K¬v‡ivWb, GjwWªb, wnjWb, WvB‡gµb, WvqvwRbb, †nÞv‡K¬vi BZ¨vw`|

‡iv‡Ubb:‡iv‡Ubb †Wwim Mv‡Qi wkKo †_‡K ˆZix GKwU †flR RvZxq cvDWvi wel| GB wel eënv‡i cyKzi ev †N‡ii AbvKvswLZ I iv¶z‡m gvQ `~i Kiv hvq| cÖ‡qv‡Mi 5-7 w`b ci cyKzi ev †N‡i †cvbv Qvov hvq| Z‡e †iv‡Ubb eënv‡i wPswo g‡i bv|

[15]

cª‡qvMgvÎv I ¯’vqxZ¡Kvj: kZvs‡k cÖwZ dzU MfxiZvi Rb¨ †iv‡Ubb jvM‡e 25-30 MÖvg, Gi welwµqvi ¯’vqxZ¡ 5-7 w`b

cª‡qvM †KŠkj: cyKz‡ii AvqZb I MfxiZv Abyhvqx cwigvb wnmve K‡i ‡iv‡Ubb cvDWvi wb‡q Zvi g‡a¨ Aí Aí cvwb w`‡q cÖ_gZ ÒKvBÓ ev AvUvi i“wU ˆZixi gZ ÒLvwgÓ evbv‡Z n‡e| Zvici †mUv‡K wZb fvM K‡i GK fvM †QvU †QvU ej K‡i (gvi‡e‡ji †P‡q GKUy eo ) cÖ_‡g mg¯— cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z mgvb fv‡e wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e| evwK `yB fvM cvwb‡Z m¤ú~Y© ¸‡j †mB ¸jv‡bv wel (†QvU †QvU ej wQUv‡bvi 15-20 wgwbU c‡i) mg¯— cyKz‡i wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e| cÖvq Avav N›Uvi g‡a¨ AwaKvsk gvQ Aw·‡Rb NvUwZi Rb¨ cvwbi Dcwi¯—‡i G‡m Lvwe †L‡Z _vK‡e| G mg‡q Rvj w`‡q `ª“Z gvQ a‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e cyKzi/†N‡ii MfxiZv hZ Kg n‡e †iv‡Ubb Gi cwigvb ZZ Kg jvM‡e Ges Kvh©KvixZvI †ewk n‡e|

Pv ex‡Ri ¸ov:Pv ex‡Ri ¸ov‡Z g~jZ m¨v‡cvwbb _v‡K hv gv‡Qi i‡³i †jvwnZ KwbKv‡K aŸsm K‡i †`q| d‡j gvQ gviv hvq| cvwbi ZvcgvÎv †ewk _vK‡j Gi welwµqv ZvovZvwo †kl n‡q hvq| ZvB cÖ‡qvM cieZx© welwµqv MÖx®§Kvj A‡c¶v kxZKv‡j †ewkw`b ¯’vqx _v‡K| cÖ‡qv‡Mi 3-5 N›Uv ci gvQ fvimvg¨ nvwi‡q mvZiv‡Z _v‡K I wKQz¶Y ci gviv hvq| Pv ex‡Ri ¸ov cieZx©‡Z mvi wn‡m‡e cyKzi/†N‡ii cÖv_wgK Drcv`bkxjZvi Kv‡R jv‡M|

cª‡qvMgvÎv: kZvs‡k cÖwZ dzU MfxiZvi Rb¨ Gi gvÎv 300-350 MÖvg, ¯’vqxZ¡ 5-10 w`b|cª‡qvM†KŠkj: cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvb Pv ex‡Ri ¸ov wØMyb cwigvY cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q mKv‡j ev weKv‡j mg¯Í cyKzi /†N‡i wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

gûqv ex‡Ri ‰Lj:gûqv exR †_‡K †Zj nq| Gi ˆLj gvQ gvivi Kv‡R jv‡M Ges cieZx©‡Z mvi wn‡m‡e cyKzi/†N‡ii cÖv_wgK Drcv`bkxjZv e„w×‡Z Kv‡R jv‡M| Gi Øviv g„Z gvQ ivbœv K‡i LvIqv hvq| cÖ‡qv‡Mi 2 N›Uvi g‡a¨ gvQ fvimvg¨ nvwi‡q mvZiv‡Z _v‡K I wKQz¶Y ci gviv hvq|

cÖ‡qvM gvÎv I ¯’vqxZ¡Kvj: kZvs‡k cÖwZ dzU MfxiZvi Rb¨ Gi gvÎv 3 †KwR, Gi welwµqvi ¯’vqxZ¡ 15 w`b|cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj: cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvb gûqvi ˆLj wØMyb cwigvY cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q mKv‡j mg¯Í cyKz‡i/†N‡i wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

wewPs cvDWvi:wewPs cvDWvi GKwU ivmvqwbK c`v_©|g~jZ GwU wWUvi‡R›U hv RxevbybvkK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| GwU cyKzi ev †N‡i cÖ‡qv‡Mi 8-10 w`b ci †cvbv Qvov hvq| cÖ‡qvM gvÎv: kZvs‡k cÖwZ dzU MfxiZvi Rb¨ Gi gvÎv 370 MÖvg, Gi welwµqvi ¯’vqxZ¡ 8-10 w`b|

[16]

cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj: cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvb wewPs cvDWvi wØMyb cwigvY cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q m~h©v‡jvwKZ mKv‡j mg¯Í cyKz‡i/†N‡i wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

wWcUv‡i·:wWcUv‡i· GKwU ivmvqwbK KxUbvkK hv nuvm‡cvKv I gv‡Qi DKzb `g‡b we‡kl Kvh©Ki| D‡jL¨ nuvm†cvKv iyB RvZxq gv‡Qi †ibyi cÖavb kÎ“| cÖ‡qv‡Mi 12-15 w`b ci cyKzi ev †N‡i †cvbv Qvov hvq| cÖ‡qvM gvÎv: kZvs‡k cÖwZ dzU MfxiZvi Rb¨ Gi gvÎv 20 MÖvg, Gi welwµqvi ¯’vqxZ¡ 12-15 w`b|cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj: cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvb wWcUv‡i· wØMyY cwigvY cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q m~h©v‡jvwKZ mKv‡j mg¯Í cyKz‡i/†N‡i wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

cUvwmqvg cvig¨v½v‡bU (Wv³vix cUvm):cUvwmqvg cvig¨v½v‡bU GKwU RxevYy bvkK| gv‡Qi Mv‡q †QvULv‡Uv ¶‡Zi m„w÷ n‡j cUvwmqvg cvig¨v½v‡b‡Ui `ªe‡Y gvQ‡K mn¨¶Y ch©š— †Mvmj Kiv‡Z nq|

wbwl× KxUbvk‡Ki cÖfve:gvQ Pv‡l †h mg¯Í KxUbvkK Aby‡gvw`Z bq A_©vr wbwl× †m ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wWwWwU, †K¬v‡ivWb, GjwWªb, wnjWb, WvB‡gµb, WvqvwRbb, †nÞv‡K¬vi BZ¨vw` D‡jL‡hvM¨| Gmg¯Í wel mvaviYZ avbx, †iYy I Av½yjx †cvbv Drcv`bKvix Pvlxiv eënvi K‡i _v‡K| Gi g‡a¨ wWwWwU, †K¬v‡iWb,GjwWªb BZ¨vw` we‡li wµqv cvwb‡Z 3-15 eQi ch©šÍ we`¨gvb _v‡K Avi WvqvwRbb, g¨vjvw_qb,mywg_qb Gi welwµqv cvwb‡Z 15-180 w`b ch©š— we`¨gvb _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZeQi cÖvq 4000Ub KxUbvkK avb I Ab¨vb¨ K…wlRvZ c‡Yï Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ eëüZ nq hvi cÖvq 25% A_©vr 1000 Ub e„wói cvwbi mv‡_ ay‡q wbKUeZ©x Rjvk‡q P‡j Av‡m| A‡bK mgq Gi cÖfv‡e Zvr¶wbK fv‡e PvlK…Z gv‡Qi g„Zÿ NUvq| cyKzi ev †Ni †_‡K G RvZxq wel cÖ‡qv‡M AevwÂZ ev iv¶z‡m gvQ `~i Ki‡j A‡bK‡¶‡Î Pvl K…Z gv‡Qi †`‡n kvixi ZvwË¡K wewfbœ cÖKvi D‡jL‡hvM¨ cwieZ©b mvwaZ nq| †hgb gv‡Qi wKWbx, hK…Z, dzjKv, cvK¯’jx ¶wZMÖ¯— nq, Ggb wK Z¡K I gvsk‡ckx bó nq| G Qvov gv‡Qi ¯^vfvweK cwic°Zv I cÖRbb ¶gZv †jvc cvq hvi - `xN©‡gqv`x cÖwZwµqvv gvbe‡`‡ni DciI cÖwZdwjZ nq|

†cvbv †kva‡bi ¸iyZ¡¡ I c×wZ‡cvbv cwien‡bi c~‡e© ev cyKz‡i Qvovi Av‡M hw` GKwU mnR I cÖwZ‡ivag~jK wPwKrmv eë¯’v K‡i †cvbv cwienb ev Qvov hvq Z‡e cyKz‡i †cvbvi g„Zÿ Kg n‡e| KviY cwien‡bi mgq †cvbv bvbv fv‡e AvNvZ cÖvß n‡Z cv‡i, A‡bK mgq AvuBk D‡V hvq, kix‡i ¶‡Zi m„wó nq| GB Ae¯’vq cyKz‡i Qvo‡j †ivM-evjvB‡q `ª“Z Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i| myZivs †kvab K‡i †cvbv cwienb Ki‡j ev cyKz‡i Qvo‡j †cvbvi g„Zzï nvi Kg n‡e|

[17]

c×wZt‡cvbv Qvovi c~‡e© GK evjwZ cvwb‡Z (10 wjUvi cvwb‡Z) 2 MÖvg/1 gyV Lvevi jeY ¸‡j †cvbv‡K 1 wgwbU ev hZ¶Y †cvbv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i ZZ¶Y †i‡L Zvici cyKz‡i Qvo‡Z n‡e| A_ev GK evjwZ cvwb‡Z 5 MÖvg ev 1 Pv-PvgP cUvwkqvg cvig¨v½v‡bU (Wv³vix cUvk) wgwk‡q †cvbv‡K †Mvmj Kwi‡q Zvici cyKz‡i Qvo‡Z n‡e| ‡cvbv‡K †Mvmj Kiv‡bvi mgq evjwZi g‡a¨ GKwU Nb Rvj †i‡L Zvi Dci †cvbv Qvo‡Z n‡e| G KvRwU †cvbv cwien‡bi Av‡MB Kiv fvj|

D‡jwLZ `ªe‡b 300-500 wU †cvbv cÖvq 5 evi †Mvmj Kiv‡bv hvq|

wel cÖ‡qv‡M mZ©KZv ‡iv‡Ubbmn Ab¨vb¨ wel cvwb‡Z ¸jv‡bv I cyKz‡ii cÖ‡qv‡Mi mgq nv‡Z

cwjw_b I bv‡K gy‡L MvgQv †eu‡a wb‡Z n‡e wel memgq evZv‡mi AbyK~‡j wQUv‡Z n‡e cÖwZwU wel cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci nvZ fvjfv‡e mvevb w`‡q ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e

Ges cvÎ ¸‡jvI fvj fv‡e cwi¯‹vi K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e wel me mgq ev”Pv‡`i bvMv‡ji evB‡i ivL‡Z n‡e

[18]

Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv- 04ZvwiLt w`bt mgqt ‡gqv` t 45 wgwbU

wk‡ivbvg t grm¨ Pvl DcKiY eëmv

Afxó `j t cÖKí GjvKvi gvrm¨Pvl DcKiY eëmvqxMY

j¶¨ t GB Awa‡ek‡bi gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K gvQ Pv‡l eëüZ DcKiYmg~‡ni eëmv m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`qv n‡e, hv‡Z Zviv gvQ Pv‡li wewfbœ DcKiY I Gi eënvi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|

D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- (K) gvQ Pv‡l wK wK DcKiY cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv ej‡Z Ges wPb‡Z cvi‡eb (L) GKRb fvj DcKiY eëmvqxi ‰ewkó¨ ej‡Z cvi‡eb (M) DcKiY eëmv m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb

f~wgKv t 1. Kzkj wewbgq 2. c~e©eZx© cv‡Vi mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb 3. PjwZ Awa‡ek‡bi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ

welqe¯‘ t 1. gvQ Pv‡l eëüZ DcKiY mg~‡ni cwiwPwZ (cÖ‡kœvËi)

2. fvj DcKiY eëmvqxi ‰ewkó¨ (cÖ‡kœvËi) 3. DcKiYmg~‡ni ¸YMZ gvb wbqš¿b (e³…Zv) 4. gvQ Pvl DcKiY eëmvq cÖavb cÖavb mgm¨v (cÖ‡kœvËi) 5. gvQ Pvl DcKiY eëmvq Rbms‡hv‡Mi f~wgKv (cÖ‡kœvËi) 6. gvQ Pvl DcKiY eëmvq Pvwn`v wbi“c‡bi we‡eP¨ welq

(cÖ‡kœvËi) 7. gvQ Pvl DcKiY we‡µZv‡ì KiYxq (cÖ‡kœvËi)

mvi-ms‡¶c t 1. g~j welq¸wji Dci c~Yiv‡jvPbv (cÖ‡kœvËi) 2. cieZx© Awa‡ek‡bi mv‡_ †hvMmyÎ ¯’vcb

[19]

cÖwk¶b mnvqK mvgMÖx t ‡evW©, gvK©vi Kjg, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv

n¨vÛ AvDU- 04grm¨ Pvl DcKiY eëmv

gvQ Pvl DcKiY:gvQ I wPswo Pv‡l AwaK Drcv`b cvIqvi Rb¨ †h mKj `ªe¨ eënvi Kiv nh Zv‡K gvQ Pvl DcKiY e‡j| Bnv Drcv`‡bi cÖv_wgK e¯‘| †hgb- mvi, †cvbv, Lvevi DcKiY, KxU-RxevbybvkK BZ¨vw` |

wewfbœ cÖKvi gvQ Pvl DcKiY: Pzb I RxevbybvkK Dcv`vb mvi (‰Re I A‰Re) exR †cvbv, †iby/avbx, wcGj/QvwU ˆLj, Kzov, fywl, ïUwK, wfUvwgb wcÖwg· BZ¨vw` Lv`¨ ˆZix Dcv`vb KxUbvkK

GKRb fvj DcKiY eëmvqxi ‰ewkó¨t GjvKvi Pvwn`v wbiƒcY cÖPvi I weÁvcY DcKiY msiÿY g~j¨‡eva, mZZv I ˆbwZKZv gvbm¤úbœ DcKiY msiÿY I weµq AvKl©Yxq †`vKvb K„l‡Ki mv‡_ fvj m¤úK© ˆZwi b¨vh¨ g~‡j¨ DcKiY weµq GjvKvi †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôv‡bi mwnZ fvj m¤úK© †UªW jvB‡mÝ

GKRb fvj mvi I KxUbvkK eëmvqxi ‰ewkó t †gqv` DËxb© `ªe¨ weµq bv Kiv ‡j‡eìhz³ cY¨ weµq Kiv KxUbvk‡Ki mwVK gvÎv/†WvR Ges ÿwZKi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© K…

lK‡ì‡K m‡PZb Kiv[20]

ÿwZi cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i dmj Gi Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z KxUbvkK wbe©vPb K‡i weµq Kiv

AwZwi³ g~j¨ bv †bIqv †fRvj cY¨ weµq bv Kiv IRb mwVK ‡Ìqv K„lK‡ì‡K mylg mvi eënv‡ii civgk© †Ìqv welv³ mvi weµq bv Kiv K¨vk‡g‡gv Kiv

GKRb fvj ‡cvbv/wcGj we‡µZvi ‰ewkó t †QvU I `~e©j †cvbv weµq bv Kiv Aw·‡Rb mn cwjw_b c¨v‡KU Gi gva¨‡g wPswoi wcGj weµq Kiv MYbvq mwVK cwigv‡b ‡Ìqv gvb m¤úbœ gv-gvQ †_‡K/ wek¦¯— n¨vPvix †_‡K †iby wb‡q †cvbv

ˆZix Kiv DËg e¨w³Z¡ weµq msµvšÍ Ávb †µZv †Pbv D‡`¨vMx wbf©i‡hvM¨ †KŠZznjx mvaviY cÖhyw³Ávb m¤úbœ we‡kl †KŠkj Rvbv cÖwkw¶Z

gvQ Pvl DcKiY eëmvq cÖavb cÖavb mgm¨vmg~n: cÖ‡qvRbxq cu~wRi Afve dm‡ji Drcv`‡bi AvaywbK Kjv‡KŠkj wel‡q Áv‡bi Afve mgqgZ I Pvwn`v Abyhvqx exR/†cvbv cÖvwß‡Z AcÖZzjZv nvBweªW exR/ `ª“Z ea©Ykxj Rv‡Zi †cvbvi AcÖZzjZv exR msiÿ‡Y †emiKvix eëmvqx‡ì Dchy³ ¸`v‡gi Afve ‡emiKvix ch©v‡q exR/†cvbv eëmvq m¤ú„³ e¨w³e‡M©i

cÖhyw³ welqK cÖwkÿ‡Yi Afve

gvQ Pvl DcKiY eëmvq mgv‡ek ev Rbms‡hv‡Mi fywgKvtAb¨vb¨ eëmvi †P‡q GB eëmvq Rbms‡hvM ev Rbmgv‡e‡ki f~wgKv A‡bK †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †hLv‡b RbMb I K…lK‡K m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z n‡j KZK¸‡jv Dcvq Av‡Q, †hgb-

msev` gva¨g: wbw`©ó Rv‡Zi gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbv gRy‡ì DcKvwiZv, Kvh©KvwiZv, eënviwewa I MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv wjwce× K‡i msev` gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv cÖ‡qvRb

bZzb n¨vPvix/bvmv©ix D‡Øvab Kiv: ¸bMZ gvb m¤úbœ †cvbv, wcGj cÖ_gevi evRviRvZKi‡Yi mgq Dc‡Rjv, †Rjv ch©v‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

[21]

eëmvqx, cÖfvekvjx e¨w³eM© Ges K…lK‡K Avgš¿Y Rvwb‡q D‡Øvab Kiv cÖ‡qvRb

Kg©kvjv I cY¨ m¾v: gv‡S gv‡S K…lK‡ì‡K wb‡q cÖwkÿb I Kg©kvjv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb

cÖ`k©b: bZzb gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbv †_‡K wK cwigvb djb cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i †m m¤ú‡K© K…lK ch©v‡q my›ì avivevwnK Mí ev bvU‡Ki gva¨‡g cÖ`k©‡bi eë¯’v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb

Lvgvi cÖ`k©bx: K„lK ch©v‡q cÖ`k©bx ¯’vcb K‡i bZzb gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbv m¤ú‡K© K…l‡Ki Av¯’v e„w× Kiv m¤¢e msev` cÖevn: B›Uvi‡bU I‡qe mvB‡U gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbvi bvbvwea ¸Yv¸Y Dc¯’vcb Kivg‡bvMÖvg ev †jv‡Mv: gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/wcGj/Lvevi c¨v‡K‡Ui Mv‡q g‡bvMÖvg ev †jv‡Mv eënvi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| G‡Z RbMY/K…l‡Ki Kv‡Q cÖwZôv‡bi cwiwPwZ Ges MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv e„w× cv‡e gwbUwis: gvV ch©vq †_‡K Dc‡ii ¯Íi ch©šÍ cixweÿY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, †hb me©wb¤œ ¯Íi †_‡K wewfbœ Z_¨ I mgm¨vmg~n cÖavb Kvhv©j‡q †cuŠQvq

gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbvi Pvwn`v wbiƒc‡bi Rb¨ wb‡gœv³ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Kiv hvq:

1. mieivnKvixi gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbvi gRy`2. K…l‡Ki msL¨v I Pvwn`vi cwigvb3. cÖwZ‡hvMx Ab¨‡ì gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbvi gRy` 4. gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbvi RvZ wfwËK gRy` 5. K…l‡Ki cQ›`, `ª“Z ea©bkxj I evRv‡i Pvwn`v 6. ‡cvbvi cÖRvwZ web¨vk Ges wbweoZv 7. fvj gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbv eënv‡i Pvlx‡ì AvMÖn 8. fvj gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbvi `vg: †h †gŠmy‡g weµq Kiv n‡e A_ev

Zvi AeëwnZ Av‡M H dm‡ji `vg †ewk _vK‡j fvj gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbvi Pvwn`v evo‡e Kg _vK‡j Pvwn`vI K‡g hv‡e

9. AvenvIqv, eb¨v ev Livq wech©‡qi Kvi‡Y gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbvi Pvwn`v †ni‡di nq| Avni‡Yi mgq cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©‡M †cvbv ˆZix Kiv bv †M‡j cieZx© †gŠmy‡g †cvbvi Pvwn`v †e‡o hvIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K

10. gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbv µ‡q Pvlxi Avw_©K mvg_©Zv11. cÖwZ‡hvMxZv: GbwRI, †Kv¤úvbx Ges Pvwl‡ì wbKU fvj gvQ

Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbv gRy‡ì cwigvb I ¸Yv¸Y 12. Kvh©Ki gvV cÖ`k©bx I gvV wèm D`hvcb Dcv`vbmg~‡ni

Pvwn`v e„w×‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| 13. fvj gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbvi g~j¨ 14. miKvix bxwZ

[22]

15. GjvKvq Pvlx‡ì Pvl Af¨vm16. miKvix/†emiKvix Drm †_‡K cÖvß gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbvi

cÖwZ Pvlxi Av¯’v17. bZzb cÖhyw³ MÖn‡Yi gvbwmKZvi nvi18. evRv‡i H cÖRvwZi †cvbvi eZ©gvb Ges fwel¨Z m¤¢e¨

Pvwn`v19. Drcv`b Pµ, H GjvKvi cyKz‡ii aiY 20. cÖPvi

Pvwn`v wbiƒc‡bi mgqt †gŠmy‡gi ïiæ‡Z gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbvi Pvwn`v wbiƒcb Ki‡Z nq| †gŠmyg _v‡K Kg †ewk cÖvq mvov eQi Ry‡oB weMZ eQi ¸‡jvi weµq aviv Ges PjwZ eQ‡ii gv‡Vi Ae¯’v

ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i m‡e©v”P Pvwn`v mgq (wcK wWgvÛ I wcK wcwiqW) †ei Kiv nq|

DcKiY we‡µZv‡ì KiYxq Kvh©vejx wbgœiƒct Pvlx/†µZv‡ì mv‡_ mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM Kiv| Pvlx mfv Kiv| gvV cÖ`k©bx Kiv| gvV wèm/Pvlx wèm Abyôvb Kiv gvV ch©v‡q bZzb/fvj gvQ Pvl Dcv`vb/†cvbv m¤ú‡K© m¤cÖmviY

Kg©KvÛ Kiv| K…wl/grm¨ m¤cÖmviY Kgx©‡ì wb‡q mfv mgv‡ek Kiv|

DcKi‡Yi ¸YMZ gvb t ‡Kvb DcKi‡Yi ¸YMZgvb ej‡Z H Dcv`v‡bi Ggb êwkó‡K eySvq hv †fv³vi wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e| G‡¶‡Î Dcv`vbwU eënvi wbivc` wKbv †mUvB cÖavb we‡eP¨ welq| A_v©r †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi gvb ej‡Z ïaygvÎ Zvi Dcv`v‡bi êwkó‡KB eySvq bv, GKB mv‡_ GUv eënvi K‡i †fv³v ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡eb bv GB welqwUI ¸YMZ gv‡bi Aš—f©~³| DcKi‡Yi gvb wbqš¿Yt Dchy³ eë¯’vcbv I KvwiMwi Ávb cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g gvQ Pv‡li cÖ‡qvRbxq wewfbœ DcKi‡Yi RvZ Dbœqb ‡_‡K ïiæ K‡i Drcv`b, cÖwµqvRvZKiY, msiÿY, cwienYI wecYb cÖf…wZ ¯Í‡i DcKi‡Yi ¸bMZ gvb wVK ivLv‡KB DcKi‡Yi gvb wbqš¿Y e‡j|gvb wbqš¿Y Gi wewfbœ ¯Íi Av‡Q| ‡hgb-

Drcv`b ch©v‡q gvb wbqš¿Y[23]

dmj Avni‡Yi ch©v‡q gvb wbqš¿Y cÖwµqvRvZKiY chv©‡q I †MÖwWs Gi ch©v‡q gvb wbqš¿Y msiÿY ch©v‡q gvb wbqš¿Y evRviRvZKiY ch©v‡q gvb wbqš¿Y

gvb wbqš¿Y †Kb ìKvit RvZ Dbœqb, AvniY, cwiea©b I cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi mgq ¸YMZgvb msi¶‡Yi wbqgvjx mwVK fv‡e cvwjZ bv n‡j evRv‡i Lvivc DcKiY weµq n‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K eëmvqx‡ì AmZZvi ev AmZK©Zvi Kvi‡YI Lvivc DcKi‡Y evRvi mqjvf nevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| Lvivc DcKiY grm¨ wk‡í eëüZ n‡j mvgwMÖK Drcv`b gvivZ¡K fv‡e e¨nZ n‡e| Drcv`b e„w× Z_v cÖwµqvi mKj ¯—‡i DcKi‡Yi ¸YMZ gvb msi¶Y Kivi Rb¨B DcKi‡Yi gvb wbqš¿Y Kiv n‡q _v‡K|


ZvwiLt w`bt mgqt‡gqv` t 40 wgwbU

wk‡ivbvg t †cvbv, wcGj,†iby/avbx cwienb ‡KŠkj I gRy` NbZ¡ wba©viY|

Afxó `j t cÖKí GjvKvi grm¨ DcKib eëmvqx

j¶¨ t GB Awa‡ek‡b AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K †cvbv cwienb, Af¨¯’KiY I Qvovi Kjv-†KŠkj Ges gv‡Qi cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb, gRy` NbZ¡ I AbycvZ wba©viY m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`qv n‡e hv‡Z Zviv GB

[24]

Ávb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q mwVKfv‡e †cvbv cwienb Ges fvj cÖRvwZi †cvbv wbe©vPb K‡i gRy` NbZ¡ I AbycvZ wVK †i‡L cyKz‡i gRy` Ki‡Z cv‡i|

D‡Ïk¨ t GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwk¶Yv_x©iv †cvbv cwien‡bi we‡eP¨ welq, †UKmBKiY I †cvbv cwien‡bi mwVK c×wZ, Af¨¯’KiY cÖwµqv, cyKz‡i Qvovi wbqg, †KŠkj Ges cwien†bi mZ©KZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z Ges gv‡Qi cÖRvwZ wbe©vP‡bi ˆewkó, gRy` NbZ¡ I AbycvZ wba©vi‡Yi e¨vcv‡i mwVKfv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e|

f~wgKv t 1. Kykjvw` wewbgq 2.c~e©eZx© cv‡Vi c~Yiv‡jvPbv 3. PjwZ Awa‡ek‡bi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ

welqe¯‘ t 1. †cvbv cwien‡bi we‡eP¨ welq (cÖ‡kœvËi) 2. †cvbv †UKmBKiY wbqg (cÖ‡kœvËi) 3. †cvbv cwien‡bi c×wZ (cÖ‡kœvËi, wd¬c PvU©) 4. †cvbvi cwienb Kvjxb NbZ¡ (cÖ‡kœvËi) 5. †cvbv cwien‡bi mgq (cÖ‡kœvËi) 6. †cvbv Af¨¯’KiY I Qvov (wd¬c PvU© I cÖ‡kœvËi) 7. cwienbKv‡j mZ©KZv (cÖ‡kœvËi) cÖRvwZ wbe©vP‡bi

¸i“Z¡ (cÖ‡kœvËi) 8. cÖRvwZ wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î we‡eP¨ w`K wK wK (cÖ‡kœvËi

) 9. gRy` Nb‡Z¡i we‡eP¨ welq (cÖ‡kœvËi) 10 †cvbvi AvKvi, AbycvZ I gRy` NbZ¡ (e³…Zv, cÖ‡kœvËi I

wd¬c PvU ©)

mvi-ms‡¶c t 1. g~j welq¸wji Dci c~Yiv‡jvPbv (cÖ‡kœvËi I wd¬c PvU©)


cÖwk¶b mnvqK mvgMÖx t wd¬cPvU©, nuvwo, †cvbv, nvcv, MvgQv, cwjw_b e¨vM BZ¨vw`|

n¨vÛ AvDU-5†cvbv, wcGj,†iby/avbx cwienb ‡KŠkj I gRy` NbZ¡ wba©vib

[25]

‡cvbv cwien‡bi we‡eP¨ welq: cvwbi ZvcgvÎv evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvQ I wPswo †cvbvi Aw·‡Rb

Pvwn`v e„w× cvq| ZvB cwienY Kv‡j cv‡Îi cvwbi ZvcgvÎv Kg ivLvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| cv‡Îi cvwb VvÛv ivLvi Rb¨ cÖwZN›Uv cwienb mgqKv‡j cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 10 MÖvg nv‡i eid wgkv‡bvi eë¯’v Ki‡j fvj nq|

gv‡Qi †cvbv I wcGjÕi AvKvi hZ eo n‡e cwienb NbZ¡ ZZ Kg Ki‡Z n‡e| †mB mv‡_ Aw·‡Rb mieivn evov‡bvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|

†c‡U Lvevi _vK‡j gvQ I wPswo †cvbvi Aw·‡Rb Pvwn`v †e‡o hvq| ZvQvov †c‡U Lvevi fwZ© †cvbv cwienb Ki‡j cwien‡bi mgq †cvbv gj-g~Î Z¨vM K‡i| d‡j cvwb‡Z welv³ G¨v‡gvwbqv M¨v‡mi m„wó nq| †mRb¨ cwien‡bi Av‡M †UKmB KiY c×wZ‡Z †cvbvi †cU Lvwj K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

cwienb Kv‡j †cvbvi Lvivc Ae¯’v n‡Z cv‡i we‡ePbv K‡i Zv cÖwZ‡iva K‡í cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 3 MÖvg nv‡i Lvevi jeY eënvi Kiv fvj|

cwien‡bi mgq cvwb Mig n‡j cvwb cwieZ©b K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| VvÛvi mgq †cvbv cwienb Ki‡Z n‡e|

‡cvbv †UKmB KiY:gjg~Î Z¨v‡Mi d‡j cwienb cv‡Î hv‡Z †Kvb M¨vm (G¨v‡gvwbqv) m„wó bv nq †mRb¨ †cvbv‡K GKUv wbw`©ó mgq a‡i bv LvB‡q †i‡L †cU Lvwj Kiv nq Ges †cvbv hv‡Z cÖwZK~j Ae¯’vi mv‡_ mnbkxj n‡Z cv‡i †mRbÏ wKQy Kg©KvÛ Kiv nq, GUvB †cvbv †UKmBKiY| GK K_vq, †cvbv‡K cÖwZKzj Ae¯’vi mv‡_ mnbkxj K‡i †cvbv‡K †UKmB K‡i †bIqvUvB n‡jv †UKmBKiY| †UKmB K‡i †cvbv cwienb Ki‡j AwaK `~i‡Z¡ cwienb Kiv hvq Ges †cvbvi g„Zz¨ nvi A‡bKvs‡k K‡g hvq|

‡UKmBKiY c×wZ 1. cyKz‡i nvcvi g‡a¨: †eo Rvj w`‡q †cvbv aivi ci Rv‡ji g‡a¨ †i‡L 10-15 wgwbU †cvbvi Dci cvwbi SvcUv w`‡q c~bivq cyKz‡i †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡e| †cvbv cwien‡bi Aš—Z 5-7 w`b c~e©© †_‡K 2-3 w`b Aš—i w`‡b GKevi GB KvRwU Ki‡Z n‡e| cwien‡bi Kgc‡¶ 8 N›Uv c~‡e© †cvbv a‡i nvcvi g‡a¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| GB mgq †Kvb ai‡bi Lvevi nvcvq †Ìqv hv‡e bv|2. †MvjvKvi U¨vsK ev wm÷v‡b©: †cvbv wewµi Av‡Mi w`b Rvj w`‡q †cvbv a‡i U¨vs‡K ev wm÷v‡b© †i‡L cvwbi †dvqviv w`‡Z n‡e Kgc‡¶ AvU N›Uv| GB mgq wm÷v‡b© †Kvb Lvevi †Ìqv hv‡e bv|

h‡kvi c×wZ:†cvbv wewµi Av‡M †h cyKz‡i †cvbv †UKmB Kiv nq Zv‡K cvKvB cyKzi e‡j| cvKvB cyKz‡ii AvqZb 10-30 kZvsk Ges MfxiZv 3-4 dzU nq| cvKvB cyKz‡i †cvbv †UKmB Ki‡Z 3-4 w`b mgq jv‡M| PvjvB ev jvjb cyKzi †_‡K cvKvB cyKz‡i †cvbv ¯’vbvš—‡ii Av‡Mi w`b Rvj‡U‡b †cvbv‡K cvwbi SvcUv LvIqv‡bvi ci kZvsk cÖwZ 1 †KwR cuPv‡bv

[26]

mwilvi ˆLj cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| d‡j cyKz‡i Aw·‡R‡bi NvUwZ nq| ci w`b †fv‡i †cvbv hLb cvwbi Dc‡i †f‡m Lvwe †L‡Z ïi“ K‡i ZLb PU Rvj †U‡b †cvbv GK mv‡_ Ro K‡i cÖvq Avav N›Uv cvwbi SvcUv LvIqv‡bvi ci cvKvB cyKz‡i ¯’vbvš—i Kiv nq| GB mgq kZvs‡k 6000wU ‡cvbv gRy` Kiv nq| cvKvB cyKz‡i Zvi c‡ii `yB w`b GKB c×wZ‡Z cvwbi g‡a¨ Rvj †U‡b cvwbi SvcUv LvIqv‡bv Ges kZvsk cÖwZ 1 †KwR cPv‡bv ˆLj wQUv‡bv nq| hw` `~ieZx© ¯’v‡b †cvbv cwienb Ki‡Z nq Z‡e Pvlxiv KL‡bv KL‡bv kZvsk cÖwZ 150 MÖvg nv‡i Pzb cÖ‡qvM K‡i _v‡Kb| cwien‡bi w`b mKv‡j Rvj †U‡b †cvbv¸‡jv‡K Rv‡ji g‡a¨ R‡ov K‡i cÖvq GKN›Uv cvwbi SvcUv LvIqv‡bvi ci K…wÎg †mªv‡Zi eë¯’v Kiv nq| †mªv‡Zi wecix‡Z †h mg¯— †cvbv P‡j Av‡m †m ¸‡jv‡KB cwien‡bi Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ Kiv nq|

cwienbKv‡j †cvbv g„Zzï KviY :GKvwaK Kvi‡Y cwienb Kv‡j gvQ I wPswoi †cvbv gviv †h‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ: †h me Kvi‡Y †cvbvi g„Zz¨ N‡U Zv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU KviY bx‡P eb©Yv Kiv n‡jv:1. Aw·‡Rb NvUwZ: hw` AwaK Nb‡Z¡ †cvbv cwienb Kiv nq Z‡e Lye `ª“Z cv‡Î Aw·‡Rb NvUwZ m„wó nIqvi d‡j †cvbv I wcGj gviv †h‡Z cv‡i|

2. kvixwiK ¶Z : Rvj Uvbvi mgq, IRb I MYbv Kivi mgq GKcvÎ †_‡K Ab¨ cv‡Î ¯’vbvš—‡ii mgq †iby, avbx, Pviv †cvbv ev wPswoi wcGjÕi kix‡i AvNvZ jvM‡Z cv‡i, AuvBk D‡V †h‡Z cv‡i ev cvLbv, G‡›Ubv I Dcv½mg~n †f‡½ †h‡Z cv‡i| `~e©j I kvixwiK fv‡e ¶Z GB mg¯— †cvbv cwienbKv‡j Ges cyKz‡i gRy‡ì ciciB gviv †h‡Z cv‡i|

3. G¨v‡gwbqv m„wó: cwienbKv‡j †iby, avbx, Pviv †cvbv, wPswoi wcGj ev Ry‡fbvB‡ji wbtm„Z gj-g~Î cP‡bi d‡j cv‡Î G¨v‡gvwbqv Drcbœ nq| d‡j cvwb welv³ n‡q †cvbv gviv †h‡Z cv‡i|

4. ZvcgvÎv: cvwbi ZvcgvÎv evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ †cvbvi Aw·‡Rb Pvwn`v ev‡o| wKš‘ cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Aw·‡R‡bi gvÎv Kg‡Z _v‡K| cwienbKv‡j cv‡Îi cvwbi ZvcgvÎv †e‡o †M‡j ZvB †cvbv gviv †h‡Z cv‡i|

5. cwienb `yiZ¡: cwienb `yiZ¡ hZ †ewk n‡e †cvbv ev wcGjÕi Dci ZZ‡ewk Pvc c‡o| GB fv‡e †cvbv ev wcGj hw` kvixwiK fv‡e `~e©j n‡q hvq Z‡e cwienbKv‡j g„Zz¨ nvi ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk n‡q _v‡K|

7. †UKmB bv K‡i KuvPv‡cvbv cwienb: avbx ev Pviv †cvbv †UKmB bv K‡i cwienb Ki‡j Giv bvRyK ev KuvPv _v‡K| KuvPv †cvbv cwienbKvjxb aK mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv weavq A‡bK †cvbv gviv hvq|

[27]

6. †ivMvµvš— I `~e©j †cvbv cwienb: `~e©j ev †ivMvµvš— †cvbv cwienb Ki‡j g„Zz¨nvi ¯^vfvwe‡Ki †P‡q A‡bK †ewk nq|

cwienb NbZ¡gvQ I wPswo †cvbvi cwienb NbZ¡ g~jZt RvZ, AvKvi/IRb, ZvcgvÎv, kixiZvwZ¡K Ae¯’v BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i| mvaviYfv‡e 36 20 AvKv‡ii cwjw_b e¨vM, 20-40 wjUvi aviY ¶gZvi nvwo Ges 200 wjUvi aviY ¶gZvi Wªvg gvQ I wPswoi †cvbv cwien‡b e¨eüZ nq| bx‡Pi mviYx‡Z AvaywbK I mbvZb c×wZ‡Z gvQ I wPswoi †cvbvi mnbkxj cwienb NbZ¡ D‡jL Kiv n‡jv-

1. Kv‡c©i †iYyi cwienb NbZ¡:cwienb c×wZ

Eqm

Cwienb NbZ¡

cwienb mgq gš—e¨

Aw·‡Rb fwZ©

cwjw_b e¨vM4-5 w`b

125-130 MÖvg/e¨v

M12-15 N›Uv e¨v‡Mi 1/3 Ask cvwb

Ges 2/3 Ask Aw·‡Rb _vK‡Z n‡e200

MÖvg/e¨vM

3-4 N›Uv

2. Kv‡c©i avbxi cwienb NbZ¡ :cwienb c×wZ

AvKvi cwienb NbZ¡

cwienb mgq

gš—e¨

Aw·‡Rb fwZ© cwjw_b e¨vM

1.5 †m.wg

1500-1600wU/ e¨vM

12-15 N›Uv

e¨v‡Mi 1/3 Ask cvwb Ges 2/3 Ask Aw·‡Rb _vK‡Z n‡e2-2.5

†m.wg500-600 wU/e¨vM

12-15 N›Uv

3 †m.wg

330-350 wU/ e¨vM

10-12 N›Uv

mbvZb c×wZ

2.5 †mwg

50-60 wU/wjUvi cvwb

20-24 N›Uv

3. Kv‡c©i Pviv/ Av½y‡j †cvbvi cwienb NbZ¡:cwienb c×wZ AvKvi cwienb

NbZ¡cwienb mgq

gš—e¨

mbvZb c×wZ -cvwZ‡j

4-5 †m.wg

300-600 wU †cvbv

3-4 N›Uv

gvwU ev G¨vjywgwb

[28]

(20-40 wjUvi aviY ¶gZv m¤úbœ cvwZj)

qv‡gi nvwo eënvi Kiv nq|

2.5-3 †m.wg.

10-12 nvRvi †cvbv (12-14†KwR †cvbv)

20-24N›Uv

mbvZb c×wZ -Wªv‡g(200 wjUvi aviY ¶gZv m¤úbœ Wªvg)

5-7 †m.wg.

8-10 nvRvi †cvbv( 15-20 †KwR)

20-24 N›Uv

cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 10 MÖvg nv‡i eid w`‡j fvj nq|

cÖPwjZ wbqg Abyhvqx †UKmBK…Z 1 †KwR †cvbv‡K (Pviv †cvbv) 10 wjUvi cvwb‡Z cwienb Kiv nq|

AZ¨š— AwfÁ †cvbv eëmvqxiv †Kvb †Kvb mgq 10 wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 †KwR ch©š— †cvbv (Pviv †cvbv) cwienb K‡i _v‡Kb Z‡e GUv AwaK SuzwKc~Y©|

Aw·‡Rb ev GwR‡UUi Gi eë¯’v Ki‡Z cvi‡j GB eë¯’vq wØ¸Y †cvbv cwienb Kiv hv‡e|

4. wPswo wcGjÕi (Mj`v I evM`v ) cwienb NbZ¡:cwienb c×wZ

Eqm cwienb NbZ¡ cwienb mgq

gš—e¨

Aw·‡Rb fwZ© cwjw_b e¨vM

10-15 w`b

1000-1200wU/e¨vM

18-24 N›Uv

e¨v‡Mi 1/3 Ask cvwb Ges 2/3 Ask Aw·‡Rb _vK‡Z n‡e

1500-2000 wU/e¨vM

12-16 N›Uv

2500-3000 wU/e¨vM

5-6 N›Uv

mbvZb c×wZ (cvwZj)

10-15 w`b

250-500 wU/wjUvi cvwb‡Z

1-1.5 N›Uv

cwienb c×wZAvgv‡ì †`‡k eZ©gv‡b mPivPi AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z cwjw_b e¨v‡M Kvc© RvZxq gv‡Qi †iYy I wPswoi wcGj Ges mbvZb c×wZ‡Z Wªvg ev G¨vjywgwbqv‡gi nvwo‡Z wPswoi Ry‡fbvBj, gv‡Qi avbx, Av½y‡j I Pviv †cvbv cwienb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| KLbI KLbI ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ nvwo‡Z K‡i †iby ev wcGj Avevi cwjw_b e¨v‡M Ry‡fbvBj I avbx ev Pviv †cvbv cwienb Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| Z‡e me mgqB AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z †iYy, avbx, Pviv †cvbv Ges wcGj I Ry‡fbvBj cwienb AwaK wbivc`|

[29]

‡cvbv cwien‡bi wbqg 1.mbvZb c×wZ

mvaviYfv‡e nvwo ev e¨v‡i‡ji 3 fv‡Mi 2 fvM wUDeI‡q‡ji cvwb wb‡q Zv‡Z cyKz‡ii wKQy cwi¯‹vi cvwb †gkv‡Z n‡e| †hgb, 20 wjUv‡ii GKwU cwienb cv‡Î 10-12 wjUvi wUIeI‡q‡ji cvwb wb‡q Zv‡Z 2-3 wjUvi cyKz‡ii fvj cvwb †gkv‡Z n‡e|

b`x ev Lvj c‡_ †cvbv cwien‡bi my‡hvM _vK‡j †bŠKvq †cvbv cwienb Kiv hvq

†cvbv ev Ry‡fbvBj fwZ© K‡i cv‡Îi gyL Nb dvu‡mi Rvj Øviv †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e

cwienbKv‡j cÖwZ 2-3 N›Uv Aš—i cv‡Îi 2/3 fvM cvwb cwieZ©b Ki‡j fvj nq

cwien‡bi mgq nvZ w`‡q e¨v‡i‡ji cvwb SuvKv‡Z n‡e nvwo‡Z cwien‡bi mgq gv‡S g‡a¨ nvZ w`‡q cvwb

SuvKv‡Z/Av‡›`vwjZ Ki‡Z n‡e

2. AvaywbK c×wZ cween‡bi Kgc‡¶ 2 N›Uv c~‡e© Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e `yi

cvjvq wc Gj cwen‡bi †¶‡Î RxweZ Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e AvwU©wgqvi bwc ev cÖwZ 500 wcGjÕi Rb¨ GKwU wm× wW‡gi Kzmy‡gi 1/8 †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e

cwjw_b e¨v‡M wQ`ª Av‡Q wK bv Zv fvjfv‡e cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| GKwU e¨v‡Mi †fZi Av‡iKwU e¨vM XywK‡q †Kvbv ¸‡jv k³fv‡e evua‡Z n‡e †hb †m me ¯’v‡b †Kvb µ‡gB †iYy ev wcGj AvU‡K bv hvq| AZtci e¨v‡Mi 1/3 Ask cvwb c~Y© Ki‡Z n‡e

ïaygvÎ wcGj cwien‡bi †¶‡Î c¨vwKs‡qi c~‡e© Avkªq¯’j wn‡m‡e wKQy RjR AvMvQv e¨v‡Mi †fZi w`‡Z n‡e| Gevi wcGj ev gv‡Qi †cvbv e¨v‡Mi wfZi wb‡q 2/3 Ask Aw·‡Rb Øviv c~Y© Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cwjw_b e¨v‡Mi gy‡L k³ K‡i euvab w`‡Z n‡e

GKmv‡_ A‡bK e¨vM cwienb Kiv n‡j e¨vM¸‡jv Zvc Acwievnx KvUz©‡b wb‡q cwienb Kiv AwaK wbivc`

‡cvbv cwien‡b mZ©KZv e¨v‡M hv‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi Pvc bv jv‡M †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e e¨vM/cwienb cvÎ †fRv Kvco ev PU Øviv †X‡K ivL‡Z n‡e cwienbKv‡j e¨vM/cvwZj Qvqvhy³ ¯’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡e cvwb cwieZ©‡bi mgq wgwkªZ cvwb Ges cv‡Îi cvwbi ZvcgvÎv

mgZvq wb‡q Avm‡Z n‡e cwienbKv‡j e¨vM/cvwZj Qvqvhy³ ¯’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡e GKB e¨vM ev cv‡Î mgvb AvKv‡ii wcGj cweinb Ki‡Z n‡e e¨v‡M hv‡Z †Kvb k³ e¯‘ †hgb aviv‡jv wU‡bi UzKiv, †c‡iK BZ¨vw`i

AvNvZ bv jv‡M †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e wewo wmMv‡i‡Ui Av¸b †_‡K e¨vM‡K mveav‡b ivL‡Z n‡e cwienb Kv‡j cv‡Îi cvwbi ZvcgvÎv Kg ivL‡Z n‡e cv‡Îi g‡a¨ gvÎvwZwi³ †cvbv cwienb Kiv hv‡e bv

[30]

wewfbœ AvKv‡ii I wewfbœ cÖRvwZi †cvbv GKB cv‡Î cwienb Kiv wVK n‡e bv

cwien‡ib Rb¨ mwVK mgq wnmv‡e K‡i cwienb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †cvbvi g„Zz¨nvi †Kvb fv‡eB †ewk bv nq

cwienb Kv‡j cwi¯‹vi cvwb mv‡_ ivLv Ges evi evi cv‡Îi wKbviv ay‡q w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †cvbv cv‡Îi Mv‡q †j‡M bv hvq|

cvwb cwieZ©‡bi mgq wgwkªZ cvwb Ges cv‡Îi cvwbi ZvcgvÎv mgZvq wb‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|

cÖRvwZ wbe©vP‡bi ¸i“Z¡: ‡cvbv Qvovi c~‡e© cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq| KviY cyKz‡ii Ae¯’v ey‡S cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| GKwU cyKz‡ii mvaviYZ 3wU ¯—i _v‡K ev aiv nq| Dc‡ii ¯—i, g‡aï ¯—i I wb‡Pi ¯—i| ¯—i AbycvZ wVK †i‡L gvQ Qvo‡j GKwU cyKz‡ii me ¯—‡ii Lv‡`ï mwVK/m‡Ÿ©v”P eënvi nq Ges gv‡Qi Drcv`b †ewk cvIqv hvq| †hgb GKwU cyKz‡i hw` ïay wmjfvi Kvc© gv‡Qi †cvbv Qvov nq Z‡e wmjfviKvc© ïay Dc‡ii ¯—‡ii Lv`¨ Lv‡e| g‡aï I wb‡Pi ¯—‡ii Lv`¨ AeëüZ Ae¯’vq _vK‡e| myZivs ¯—i †f‡` cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb Kiv AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKwU welq|

cÖRvwZ wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv wK wK:(K) `ª“Z ea©bkxj (L) ¯’vbxq evRv‡i †h Rv‡Zi gv‡Qi Pvwn`v †ewk (M) ‡ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv AwaK (N) Lv`¨ wb‡q cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K‡i bv Ggb cÖRvwZ(O) iv¶z‡m ¯^fv‡ei bq Ggb cÖRvwZ(P) cyKz‡i cÖRbb K‡ibv/ wWg Qv‡o bv Ggb cÖRvwZ|

cyKz‡i gvQ gRy‡ì we‡eP¨ welq: (K) ‡cvbvi cÖvc¨Zv (L) cyKz‡ii Drcv`bkxjZv (M) cyKz‡ii AvKvi, MfxiZv I cvwbi ¯’vwqZ¡Kvj(N) cyKz‡ii eqm I(O) Pv‡li aiY/†KŠkj BZ¨vw`|

GQvov AviI †h welq¸wj we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e Zv nj t bZzb cyKzi n‡j Dc‡ii ¯—‡ii gvQ †ewk w`‡Z n‡e, cyivZb cyKzi n‡j

Zj‡`‡ki Lv`¨ Lvq Ggb gvQ †ewk w`‡Z n‡e AMfxi cyKz‡i Ges †hLv‡b 5-6 gv‡mi †ewk cvwb _v‡K bv †mLv‡b _vB

micywU, †Zjvwcqv, wmjfvi Kvc©, Kvwc©I gvQ †ewk w`‡Z n‡e ‡e‡j gvwUi cyKz‡i _vB micywU, wmjfvi Kvc© Qvo‡j fvj Drcv`b cvIqv

hv‡e| cyivZb, cuPv ev Zjvq AZ¨waK cuPv Kvu`v _vK‡j †m cyKz‡i Mj`v

wPsox bv QvovB DËg|

[31]

‡gŠmygx cyKz‡i †Zjvwcqv Qvo‡j Giv eQ‡i 3/4 evi wWg †Q‡o cyKz‡i †cvbvi AvwaK¨ NUvq, ZvB mn‡R Rvj †U‡b †cvbv aiv hvq Ggb cyKz‡i †Zjvwcqv Qvov fvj| Lye †ewk eo cyKz‡i †Zjvwcqv bv QvovB DËg

†cvbvi AvKvi, AbycvZ I gRy` NbZ¡(K) gRy` cyKz‡i KLbB †QvU mvB‡Ri †cvbv Qvov hv‡e bv (L) †cvbvi AvKvi Aek¨B 4"-5" n‡Z n‡e (M) ‡QvU †cvbv Qvo‡j g„Zÿ nvi †ewk n‡e (N) MÖvm Kv‡c©i †cvbv 6"-7" n‡Z n‡e (O) eo †cvbv Qvo‡j g„Zÿ nvi Kg n‡e, Drcv`b †ewk n‡e (P) mvaviY wbq‡g Ges bZzb cyKz‡ii †¶‡Î cyKz‡ii Dc‡ii ¯—‡i Lvevi Lvq Ggb gvQ 40% , g‡aï ¯—‡i Lvq Ggb gvQ 30% Ges wb‡Pi ¯—‡i Lvq Ggb gvQ 30% gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e| (Q) cyKzi cyivZb n‡j Dc‡ii ¯—‡ii gvQ 30% , g‡aï ¯—‡ii gvQ 30% Ges wb‡Pi ¯—‡ii gvQ 40% gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e|gRy` NbZ¡ †Kgb n‡e? ‡ewk Nb K‡i A_v©r cwigv‡bi †P‡q AwaK †cvbv Qvov nq Z‡e gvQ

evo‡e Kg| Lv`¨, evm¯’vb I AwKª‡R‡bi Afv‡e †ivMvµvš— n‡q gvQ gviv hv‡e|

Avevi Kg cwigv‡b Qvo‡j cyKz‡ii Lv‡`ï mwVK eënvi n‡e bv, Li‡Pi Zzjbvq Avq Kg n‡e|

1 kZvsk cyKz‡i wewfbœ Kvc© RvZxq gv‡Qi †cvbv Qvovi wnmvet

cÖRvwZ 1g c×wZ 2q c×wZ 3h c×wZwmjfvi Kvc© 12-14 10-12 5-6KvZjv 5-6 5-6 10-12 i“B 8-9 4-5 4-5

g„‡Mj 7-8 6-6 6-7MÖvm Kvc© 4-4 4-4 4-4Kgb Kvc©(wgii Kvc©/Kvwc©I) 4-4 3-4 3-3ivR cywU - 8-8 -†Zjvwcqv - - 8-8 ------ ---------------------------------------------------------

‡gvU 40-45wU 40-45wU 40-45 wU

1 kZvsk cyKz‡i gRy` NbZ¡:1 kZvskcyKz‡i wewfbœ Kvc© RvZxq gv‡Qi mv‡_ _vB cvsMvm I Mj`v wPsox gRy‡ì wnmve (msL¨v)

cÖRvwZ 1g c×wZ 2q c×wZ 3h c×wZwmjfvi Kvc© 12-15 10-12 4-5KvZjv 4-5 5-4 4-5i“B 7-8 6-7 6-7

[32]

g„‡Mj - - -MÖvm Kvc© 3-4 2-4 2-3Kgb Kvc© (wgii Kvc©/Kvwc©I) - - -ivR cywU/ _vB micywU - 10-15 10-15_vB cvsMvm - - 10-15Mj`v wPsox 15-25 15-25 10-15 -----------------------------------------------------------

‡gvU 41-57wU 47-67wU 46-65 wU (we:`ª:t wewfbœ welq we‡ePbv cye©K GB gRy` NbZ¡ Kg †ekx n‡Z cv‡i, GwU GKwU Av`k© gRy` Nb‡Z¡i bgybv)


ZvwiLt w`bt mgqt ‡gqv`t 45 wgwbU|

wk‡ivbvg t cyKy‡ii cÖv_wgK Drcv`bkxjZv wbqš¿Y

Afxó `j t cÖKí GjvKvi grm¨ DcKiY eëmvqx

j¶¨ t GB Awa‡ek‡b AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K cyKy‡ii cÖv_wgK Drcv`K (dvB‡UvcvsKUb (Dw™¢`Kbv) I RycvsKUb (cÖvYx Kbv) Gi e„w× I G‡ì wbqš¿Y wel‡q aviYv †`qv n‡e hv‡Z Zviv GB Ávb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q cyKy‡ii cÖv_wgK

[33]

Drcv`bkxjZv e„w× I eRvq ivL‡Z mwVK mg‡q cwiwgZ gvÎvq I mwVK c×wZ‡Z mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i|

D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv cyKz‡ii cÖv_wgK Drcv`K (dvB‡UvcvsKUb (Dw™¢`Kbv)/RycvsKUb (cÖvYx Kbv) wK, G‡`i e„w× I cÖfve, Drcv`bkxjZv e„w×K‡í wbqwgZfv‡e mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¸i“Z¡, mv‡ii gvÎv I cÖ‡qvM c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

fywgKv t 1.Kykjvw` wewbgq2. c~e©eZx© cv‡Vi c~biv‡jvPbv3. PjwZ Awa‡ek‡bi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ

welqe¯‘ t 1. cyKz‡i mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv (e³…Zv)2. dvB‡UvcvsKUb (Dw™¢`Kbv) I RycvsKUb (cÖvYx Kbv) wK?

wKfv‡e eySv hv‡e cvwb‡Z dvB‡UvcvsKUb (Dw™¢`Kbv) I RycvsKU‡bi (cÖvYx Kbv) Drcv`b n‡q‡Q? ( wd¬c PvU©, cÖ‡kœvËi)

3. gvQPv‡li Dci dvB‡UvcvsKUb (Dw™¢`Kbv) I RycvsKUb (cÖvYx Kbv) Gi cÖfve (cÖ‡kœvËi)

4. wKfv‡e dvB‡UvcvsKUb (Dw™¢`Kbv) I RycvsKUb (cÖvYx Kbv) Gi Drcv`b evov‡bv hvq?

5.mv‡ii aiY I gvÎv (cÖ‡kœvËi, wd¬c PvU©, cÖK…Z e¯‘-wewfbœ ai‡bi mv‡ii bgybv †`Lv‡bv)

6. mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ (wd¬c PvU©, cÖ‡kœvËi)7. mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi we‡eP¨ welq (cÖ‡kœvËi)

mvims‡¶c t 1. g~j welq¸wji Dci c~Yiv‡jvPbv (cÖ‡kœvËi I wd¬c PvU© )

2. Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨ hvPvB (cÖ‡kœvËi)3. cieZx© Awa‡ek‡bi mv‡_ †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb

cÖwk¶Y mnvqK mvgMÖx t mvi, (†Mvei, BDwiqv, wUGmwc, Ggwc) evjwZ, gM, wd¬c PvU©|

n¨vÛ AvDU 06cyKz‡ii cÖv_wgK Drcv`bkxjZv wbqš¿Y

[34]

cyKz‡ii cÖv_wgK Drcv`bkxjZv e„w×K‡í mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv :mvi w`‡j cyKz‡i gv‡Qi Rb¨ cÖvK…wZK Lvevi A_v©r m„wóKZ©vi †`qv Lvevi `ª“Z/AwaK cwigv‡b Rb¥vq ‡hgb gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya wkïi Rb¨ m„wóKZ©vi †`qv Lv`¨| cywóKi Lvevi †L‡j †hgb gv‡q†ì ey‡Ki `ya ev‡o †Zgwb cyKz‡i wbqwgZ mvi w`‡j cvwb‡Z †kIjv, †QvU †QvU †cvKv, †QvU †QvU †Ku‡Pv RvZxq cÖvYx `ª“Z/AwaK Rb¥vq †h¸‡jv gv‡Qi cÖavb Lv`¨| cyKz‡i hw` m~‡h©i Av‡jv mwVKfv‡e c‡o, Avi wVKgZ mvi †Ìqv nq Z‡e cyKz‡i evwni †_‡K Avi evowZ Lv`¨ †`qvi ìKvi nq bv|

dvB‡UvcvsKUb (Dw™¢`Kbv): cvwb‡Z fvmgvb AwZ ¶z`ª-¶z`ª (Abyex¶wYK) †kIjv/Dw™¢` hv‡ì Pjv‡div g~jZ cvwbi †mªv‡Zi Dci wbf©ikxj|

RycvsKUb (cÖvYx Kbv): cvwb‡Z fvmgvb ¶z`ª-¶z`ª cÖvYx Kbv hv‡ì‡K Lvwj †Pv‡L †`Lv hvq Ges hv‡ì A‡bKcÖRvwZ wb‡Riv Pjv‡div Ki‡Z cv‡i Avevi A‡bK cÖRvwZi Pjv‡div cvwbi †mªv‡Zi Dci wbf©ikxj|dvB‡UvcvsKUb Drcv`‡bi j¶Y: cvwbi is meyR ev meyRvf _vK‡j eyS‡Z n‡e cvwb‡Z dvB‡UvcvsKUb Av‡Q| KL‡bv KL‡bv cvwbi Dc‡i ¸wo ¸wo jvj‡P meyR AveiY c‡o GUvI GKai‡bi cvsKU‡bi Kvi‡b nq|

RycvsKUb Drcv`‡bi j¶Y: cvwbi is ev`vgx meyR, jvj‡P meyR, nj‡`‡U meyR meyR A_ev a~mi e‡Y©i _vK‡j eyS‡Z n‡e cyKz‡i RycvsKU‡bi Drcv`b fvj n‡q‡Q|gvQ Pv‡li Dci dvB‡UvcvsKUb I RycvsKU‡bi cÖfve: RycvsKUb Zv‡ì Lv`Ï cywói Rb¨ dvB‡UvcvsKU‡bi Dci A‡bKvs‡kB wbf©ikxj| ‡ekwKQz gvQ Av‡Q hviv Zv‡ì Lv`¨ I cywói Rb¨ mivmwi dvB‡UvcvsKU‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj ‡hgb-wmjfvi Kvc©| ZvB G mg¯— cÖRvwZi Pvlvev‡` cyKz‡ii cvwbi is meyR A_ev meyRvf _vKv DwPZ| wmjfvi Kvc© ev‡` cÖvq mg¯— Pvlvev‡ì gvQ Ges wPswo Zv‡ì Lv‡`ï Rb¨ RycvsKU‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj| cyKz‡i RycvsUb †ewk _vK‡j gvQ †ewk Lv`¨ cvq| d‡j Zv‡ì †cÖvwUb Pvwn`vi cÖvq 40-70% cyKzi †_‡K †c‡Z cv‡i|

dvB‡UvcvsKUb I RycvsKUb Drcv`b evo‡bvi Dcvq: dvB‡UvcvsKUb Drcv`‡bi R‡b¨ cyKz‡ii †fŠZ-ivmvqwbK cwi‡ek Ges cywó Ae¯’v ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Gi Rb¨ cyKz‡i Av‡jv evZv‡mi eë¯’v K‡i wbqwgZ ‰Re I A‰Re mvi †Ìqvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| RycvsKUb Drcv`‡bi R‡b¨ cyKz‡ii †fŠZ-ivmvqwbK cwi‡ek Ges cywó Ae¯’v wbqš¿b Kiv DwPZ| Gi Rb¨ cyKz‡i dvB‡UvcvsKUb Drcv`b Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z wbqwgZ wgkª mvi w`‡Z n‡e| mv‡ii aib: mvaviYZ `yB ai‡bi mvi cyKz‡i †Ìqv nq h_v- ‰Re I A‰Re mvi

‰Re mvi wnmv‡e-Mi“i †Mvei, nuvm/ gyiMxi weôv, K‡¤úv÷ †Ìqv nq

[35]

A‰Re mvi wnmv‡e- BDwiqv, wUGmwc I cUvk mvi †Ìqv nq

mv‡ii gvÎv :cyKzi ˆZixi mgq Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi 7-8 w`b ci Ges †cvbv Qvovi Kgc‡¶ 4-5 w`b c~‡e© cÖwZ kZ‡K w`‡Z n‡e-

‡Mveit 6-10 †KwR (1 UzKwi) A_ev nuvm/gyiMxi weôv t 3-5 †KwR A_ev K‡¤úv÷ t 4-8 †KwR Ges

BDwiqvt 100-200 MÖvg (3-6 gyV) wUGmwct 100-200 MÖvg (3-6 gyV) I cUvk t 25-50 MÖvg (cuvP Avs¸‡ji Kg GK gyV)

mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ: mvi ‡hfv‡e cyKz‡i w`‡Z n‡e: cyKzi cÖ¯‘wZi mgq cyKz‡i mvi †Ìqvi wVK Av‡Mi iv‡Z wU Gmwc

(†g‡U mvi) GKwU gvwUi cv‡Î/ eo evjwZ‡Z †Mvei/ nuvm gyiMxi weôvi mv‡_ GK‡Î wfRv‡q ivL‡Z n‡e, ciw`b mKv‡j (mKvj 10-11 Uvq) Zvi mv‡_ BDwiqv mvi wgwk‡q mg¯— cyKz‡ii AMfxi As‡k wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e

ïK‡bv cyKz‡ii †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq ˆRe mvi cyKz‡ii AvqZb Abyhvqx hZUzKz jvM‡e Zv cyKz‡ii mg¯— As‡k (cyKz‡ii Zjvq I cyKz‡ii wfZ‡ii Xv‡j) mgvb fv‡e wQwU‡q gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e

mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi we‡eP¨ welq: ‡gNjv AvKvk _vK‡j Ges e„wói g‡a¨ mvi †Ìqv DwPZ bv| cvwbi is AwZwi³ meyR _vK‡j mvi †Ìqv eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e| kxZi mgq mvi Kg gvÎvq w`‡Z n‡e (Mig Kv‡ji Zzjbvq A‡a©K gvÎvq ev

Zvi †P‡qI Kg)

[36]


ZvwiLt w`bt mgqt ‡gqv`t 35 wgwbU

wk‡ivbvg t m¤ú~iK Lv‡`ï gvÎv wba©viY I cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj

Afxó `j t cÖKí GjvKvi gvrm Pvl DcKiY eëmvqxMY

j¶¨ t GB Awa‡ek‡b cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡ì†K Kvc©, Mj`v, evM`v, Kvc©-Mj`v wgkªPv‡li cyKyi/†N‡i m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¸i“Z¡, m¤ú~iK Lv‡`ï aib, cwigvb, I cÖ‡qvM c×wZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`qv n‡e hv‡Z Zviv GB Ávb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q mwVKfv‡e m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges cyKzi ev †N‡ii Drcv`b evov‡Z cv‡i|

D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwk¶Yv_x©iv (K) m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Myi“Z¡, (L) ‰Zix †KŠkj, (M) gvÎv I (N) cÖ‡qvM c×wZ mwVKfv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e Ges (O) m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ mwVKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

fywgKv t 1. Kzkjvw` wewbgq 2 c~e©eZx© Awa‡ek‡bi c~biv‡jvPbv

3. PjwZ Awa‡ek‡bi Dci Av‡jvKcvZwelqe¯‘ t 1. m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ wK (cª‡kœvËi)

2. m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¸i“Z¡ (cª‡kœvËi)3. m¤ú~iK Lv‡`ï aiY (cª‡kœvËi I ev¯—ee¯‘)4. m¤c~iK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gvÎv (cª‡kœvËi)5. m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ ˆZwi ‡KŠkj (cª‡kœvËi I eënvwiK)

[37]

6. wewfbœ Pvl c×wZ‡Z m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ ˆZwi‡Z Dcv`vb mg~‡ni gvÎv (cª‡kœvËi)

7. m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM c×wZ (cª‡kœvËi I eënvwiK) 8. mZK©Zv (cª‡kœvËi)

mvims‡¶c t 1. g~j Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi c~Yiv‡jvPbv (cÖ‡kœvËi)2. cieZx© Awa‡ek‡bi mv‡_ †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb

cÖwk¶Y mnvqK mvgMÖx t ‰Lj, Kzov, fywl, ïUwK gvQ, wPUv ¸o, Mvgjv, wd¬cPvU©, meyR Dw™¢`|

n¨vÛ AvDU -07 m¤ú~iK Lv‡`ï gvÎv wba©viY I cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj

m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ wK? cyKzi ev †N‡ii gvQ I wPswoi AwaK dj‡bi Rb¨ cÖvK…wZK Lv‡`ï cvkvcvwk evB‡i †_‡K †h Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq ‡mUvB m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ †hgb- ˆLj, Kzov, kyUKx gv‡Qi ¸ov, wm× ¶z`, M‡gi f~wl BZ¨vw`|

m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¸i“Z¡: gv‡Qi `ª“Z e„w×i Rb¨ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ gvQ evRv‡i weµq Kivi Rb¨ ‡ewk jvf cvIqvi Rb¨ Drcv`b †ekx cvIqvi Rb¨

m¤úyiK Lv†`ï aib: `yB ai‡bi m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ †Ìqv nq h_v- Dw™¢` RvZ: †hgb -PvD‡ji Kzov, PvD‡ji ¶z` wm×, M‡gi f~wl,

mwilvi ˆLj, wZ‡ji/ bvwi‡K‡ji ‰Lj, KjvcvZv, ¶zw` cvbv, †cu‡c cvZv, big Nvm, evuav Kwci cvZv, Bwcj-Bwc‡ji cvZv, Avjy cvZv, wgwó Avjy wm× BZ¨vw`

cÖvYx RvZ †hgb - ïUKx gvQ, †QvU †QvU wPsox I †QvU RxweZ gvQ, kvgyK-wSby‡Ki gvsk, †ikg †cvKv, Mi“-QvM‡ji i³, Mi“-QvMj I nuvm-gyiwMi buvwo-fuywo, †cvKvi wWg, †Ku‡Pv BZ¨vw`

m¤úyiK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi cwigvb: gv‡Qi cyKz‡i ev wPswoi †N‡i Lv`¨ †Ìqv wbf©i K‡i cvwbi ZvcgvÎv, gv‡Qi RvZ, eqm I gv‡Qi †gvU IR‡bi Dci| †hgb- Mig Kv‡j gvQ/wPswo A‡c¶vK…

[38]

Z †ewk Lvq, kxZKv‡j LyeB Kg Lvq| myZivs G mg¯— welq we‡ePbv K‡i cyKz‡i ev †N‡i Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e| mvaviY wbq‡g cÖwZ 100 †KwR gvQ ev wPswoi Rb¨ ‰`wbK 2-5 †KwR Lv`¨ w`‡Z nq|

m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ ˆZwii †KŠkj: ˆLj eënv‡ii Av‡Mi iv‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvb ˆL‡ji mv‡_ 2 ¸Y cwigvb

cvwb wgwk‡q 12 N›Uvi g‡Zv wfwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| Lv`¨ †Ìqvi mgq ˆLj I Kzov GK‡Î fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q (ˆLj 1 fvM: Kzov 3 fvM) †QvU †QvU ej K‡i cyKz‡i w`‡Z n‡e| Lvevi AvVv‡jv Kivi Rb¨ wPUv ¸‡oi mv‡_ AvUv wm× K‡i wgwk‡q ej Ki‡j Lv`¨ †ek wKQy mgq gywó Ae¯’vq _vK‡e, ZvovZvwo cvwb‡Z ¸‡j bó n‡e bv|

i“B RvZxq gv‡Qi Rb¨ cªwZ w`‡bi Lvevi 2 fvM K‡i 1 fvM mKv‡j (9-10 Uvi mgq) I 1 fvM weKv‡j (3-4 Uvi mgq) w`‡Z n‡e|

wPswo iv‡Zi †ejvq Lvq, ZvB wPswoi Lvevi‡K 3 fvM K‡i 1 fvM mKvj 6-7 Uvi g‡a¨ (25%), 1 fvM mÜ¨v 6-7 Uvi g‡a¨ (30%) 1 fvM ivZ 10-11 Uvi g‡a¨ (45%) w`‡Z n‡e|

wPswoi Lvevi ˆZixi mgq ˆLj-Kzovi mv‡_ ïUKx gvQ, Mevw` cïi i³, kvgyK-wSby‡Ki gvsk (m¤¢e n‡j) wgwk‡q w`‡j fvj n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e wPswoi Lvev‡i Kgc‡¶ 30% †cÖvwUb ev Avwgl _vK‡Z n‡e|

MÖvm Kvc© gv‡Qi Rb¨ KwP Nvm, Kjv cvZv , ¶zw` cvbv w`‡Z n‡e cªwZ 100 †KwR gv‡Qi Rb¨ 40-50 †KwR

wewfbœ Pvl c×wZ‡Z m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ ˆZwi‡Z Dcv`vb mg~‡ni gvÎv:

Lv‡`ï bvg

Kvc© RvZxq gvQ Kvc©-Mj`v wgkª PvlgRy‡ì 5-6

w`b c~‡e© (GKK †WvR)

gRy‡ì c‡i ˆ`wbK

gRy‡ì 5-6 w`b c~‡e© (GKK †WvR)

gRy‡ì c‡i ˆ`wbK

‰Lj400 MÖvg cÖwZ kZ‡K

300-400 MÖvg /

†KwR Lvev‡i400 MÖvg cÖwZ kZ‡K

300 MÖvg / †KwR Lvev‡i

cvwjk Kzov/ M‡gi fywl - 250-300

MÖvg / †KwR Lvev‡i

- 250 MÖvg / †KwR Lvev‡i

wdmwgj/ïUKx

- 250 MÖvg / †KwR Lvev‡i -


wPUv ¸o - 50 MÖvg / †KwR Lvev‡i -


AvUv 100 MÖvg 100 MÖvg

[39]

m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM c×wZ: Lv`¨`vbx‡Z Lvevi w`‡j Lv‡`ï AcPq Kg nq I gvQ fvjfv‡e †L‡Z cv‡i| cyKz‡ii wbw`©ó K‡qK RvqMvq Lv`¨`vbx‡Z Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e|Lv`¨`vbx wn‡m‡e euv‡ki QvP, PZz‡®‹vY evuk ev cvw÷‡Ki †d«‡g euvav gkvixi Kvco, A_ev cvw÷‡Ki †MvjvKvi M„n¯’vjxi Pvjywb eënvi n‡Z cv‡i hv cyKz‡ii cv‡oi w`‡K 1-1.5 nvZ MfxiZvi cvwb‡Z kZvs‡k 1-2 wU ¯’vcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

mZ©KZv cwigv‡bi †P‡q †ewk Lvevi †Ìqv hv‡e bv Zvn‡j AeëüZ Lv`¨ cu‡P

cvwb `~wlZ n‡e Kg Lvevi w`‡j gv‡Qi †cU fi‡e bv, gvQ Acywó‡Z fyM‡e, e„w×/djb

K‡g hv‡e kxZKv‡j Lvev‡ii cwigvb LyeB Kwg‡q w`‡Z n‡e (Mig Kv‡ji Zzjbvq 3

fv‡Mi 1 fvM) cuPv-evwm Lvevi †Ìqv DwPZ bq Kjv cvZv cvwb‡Z fvwm‡q bv w`‡q KzwPKzwP K‡i †K‡U fvmgvb

evu‡ki †d«Ö‡gi g‡a¨ ‡`qv DwPZ kvgyK-wSby‡Ki KuvPv gvsk bv w`‡q Mig cvwb‡Z wm× K‡i ˆLj-

Kzovi mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e Mi“-QvM‡ji ev nuvm-gyiwMi bvwo-fywo †K‡U †QvU †QvU K‡i Mig

cvwb‡Z wm× K‡i w`‡Z n‡e

Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv: 08ZvwiLt w`bt mgqt ‡gqv`t 45 wgwbU|wk‡ivbvg t evwYwR¨K Lvevi ‰Zwi - dg~©jv I cÖ‡qvM gvÎv wbav©iYAfxó `j t cÖKí GjvKvi grm¨ Pvl DcKiY eëmvqxMY

[40]

j¶¨ t GB Awa‡ek‡b cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡ì‡K gvQ/wPswoi evwYwR¨K Lvevi Drcv`‡bi DcKiY, evwYwR¨K Lvevi ‰Zwii dg~©jv, ˆZwii †KŠkj I cÖ‡qvM gvÎv wbav©iY m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`qv n‡e hv‡Z Zviv GB Ávb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q mwVKfv‡e Drcv`b I wecYb K‡i Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb nIqvi cvkvcvwk cyKz‡ii Drcv`b evov‡Z cv‡i|

D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwk¶Yv_x©MY (K) evwYwR¨K Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv (L) DcKi‡Yi cwiwPwZ (M) ˆZwi †KŠkj, (N)evwYwR¨K Lv‡`ï êwkó¨ (O) gvÎv I (N) cÖ‡qvM c×wZ m¤ú‡K© mwVKfv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e |

fywgKv t 1. Kzkj wewbgq2. c~e©eZx© Awa‡ek‡bi c~Yiv‡jvPbv3. PjwZ Awa‡ek‡bi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ

welqe¯‘ t 1. evwYwR¨K Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv (e³…Zv)2. DcKi‡Yi cwiwPwZ I mnRjf¨ Lv‡`¨vcv`v‡bi cywógvb

(cÖ‡kœvËi)2. cÖ¯‘Z cÖbvjx (e³…Zv/ `jxq †mkb)3. evwYwR¨K Lv‡`ï êwkó¨ (cÖ‡kœvËi, wd¬c PvU© I

ev¯—ee¯‘)4. Lv`ª cÖ‡qvM gvÎv (cÖ‡kœvËi)5. Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM cØwZ (cÖ‡kœvËi)6. Lv`¨ ‰Zwi (cÖ`©kbx)7. Lv`¨ ˆZix‡Z mZK©Zv (e³…Zv)

mvims‡¶c t 1. g~j Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi c~Yiv‡jvPbv (cÖ‡kœvËi)2. cieZx© Awa‡ek‡bi mv‡_ †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb

cÖwk¶Y mnvqK mvgMÖx t ‰Lj, Kzov, fywl, ïUwK gvQ, wfUvwgb I LwbR, wPUv¸o, Mvgjv, gM, wd¬cPvU, †cvóvi ‡ccvi, gvK©vi, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv, cÖ‡R±i BZ¨vw`|

[41]

n¨vÛ AvDU - 08evwYwR¨K Lvevi ‰Zwi - dg~©jv I cÖ‡qvM gvÎv wbav©iY

cÖev‡` Av‡Q Avgiv evsjv‡`kxiv gv‡Q fv‡Z ev½vjx| Avgv‡`i cÖvwYR Avwgl Pvwn`vi kZKiv 80 fvMB c~iY nq gvQ †_‡K| RbmsL¨v e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ gv‡Qi Pvwn`vI `ª“Z e„wØ cv‡”Q | GB evowZ Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z n‡j DbœZ c×wZ‡Z gvQ Pv‡li †Kvb weKí †bB| Avav-wbweo c×wZ‡Z ‡`‡ki wecyj msL¨K cyKzi I †N‡i DbœZ gvQ Pvl c×wZi gva¨‡g †`‡ki µgea©gvb Pvwn`v A‡bKvs‡kB c~iY Kiv m¤¢e| GB c×wZ‡Z gvQ Pvl K‡i AwZ mn‡RB cÖPwjZ c×wZi Zzjbvq 5 - 10 ¸Y gvQ Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e| Avav-wbweo c×wZ‡Z gvQ Pv‡li cÖavb kZ© n‡jv h_vmg‡q wbw`©ó msL¨K my¯’¨ mej †cvbv †Q‡o cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi cvkvcvwk cÖRvwZ †f‡` gvQ‡K mylg m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ ev DbœZ Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv | gv‡Qi Lv`¨ Dcv`vb:D”P cywógvb m¤úbœ& Lv`¨ ˆZwi‡Z †h mg¯— Dcv`vb e¨eüZ nq †m¸‡jvi †ewki fvMB GLb †`‡k cvIqv hv‡”Q| †`‡k cvIqv hvq Gai‡Yi D‡j-L‡hvM¨ wKQz Lv`¨ Dcv`v‡bi cywógv‡bi weeiY wb‡gœ †`qv n‡jv|

wewfbœ cÖKvi Lv‡`¨vcv`v‡bi cywógv‡bi weeiY

Lv`¨ Dcv`v‡bi bvg

Avwgl (%)

‡mœn (%)

kK©iv (%)

wdk wgj-‡MÖW G 56.61 11.22 3.74wdk wgj-‡MÖW we 44.74 7.87 16.82wgU GÊ †evb wgj 50.00 - -†ikg KxU wgj 52.46 23.23 10.81evW wgj 63.15 0.56 15.59Mi“i bvwo fyuwo 51.60 21.14 13.04Pv‡ji Kzuov 11.88 10.45 44.42M‡gi f~wl 14.57 4.43 66.36f~Æv 11.00 - -mwilvi ˆLj 30.33 13.44 34.38wZ‡ji ˆLj 27.20 13.18 34.97gymy‡ii f~~wl 19.45 0.47 46.89gvmKjvB f~wl 18.89 0.55 50.26mqvweb wgj 44.00 24.83 37.99AvUv 17.78 1.92 60.88KzwU cvbv 14.02 3.49 50.19¶zw` cvbv 19.27 3.90 75.6wPUv¸o 4.45 - 83.62

[42]

Gi g‡a¨ mPivPi eëüZ Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jv- Pv‡ji Kzuov, M‡gi f~wl, wdk wgj, wgU GÊ †evb wgj, mwilvi ˆLj, wZ‡ji ˆLj, mqvweb, AvUv, mqvweb wgj, †ikg †cvKv P~Y©, wewfbœ RjR Dw™¢`, †hgb: ¶zw` cvbv BZ¨vw`|

evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Drcvw`Z grm¨ Lv‡`ï ‰ewkó¨: D”P cywógvb mg„× Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi mv‡_ mv‡_ cvwb‡Z wg‡k hvq bv| Pv‡li mgq Kg jv‡M Ges Kg mg‡q gv‡Qi Drcv`b AwaK nq| Lv`¨ i“cvš—i nvi 1:1.75 Gi †ewk bq| cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y bó nq bv | Lv‡`ï cÖwZ mn‡RB gvQ/ wPswo AvK…ó nq| gvQ/wPswoi †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaK ¶gZv ev‡o|

gv‡Qi Lv`¨ ‰Zwii m~&Î:gvQ/wPswoi Lv`¨ ˆZwii Rb¨ cÖ_‡g gv‡Qi cyywó Pvwn`v I Lv`¨vf¨vm Abyhvqx DrK…ó cywógv‡bi Lv`¨ Dcv`vb Ggbfv‡e †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡e hv‡Z PvlK…Z gv‡Qi cywó Pvwn`v c~iY nq, Lv‡`ï gvb eRvq _v‡K Ges `vgI Kg _v‡K| mylg Lv`¨ ˆZwii Rb¨ Lv‡`ï mv‡_ mvaviYZ: 0.5 - 1% wfUvwgb I LwbR wgkªY eëüZ nq| cvwb‡Z gv‡Qi Lvevi †ewk¶Y w¯’wZkxj ivLvi Rb¨ evBÊvi wnmv‡e 5 †_‡K 10% AvUv, gq`v ev wPUv¸uo eënvi Ki‡Z nq| DbœZ gv‡bi m¤ú~iK Lv‡`ï wKQz dg©~jv wb‡gœ cÖ`Ë n‡jv-i“BRvZxq gv‡Qi DbœZ bvm©vix Lv‡`ï m~&ÎLv`¨ Dcv`v‡bi bvg

bgybv - 1

bgybv – 2

bgybv - 3

wdk wgj 19.00wgU GÊ †evb wgjPv‡ji Kzuov 21.00 10.00 50.00M‡gi f~wlf~Ævmwilvi ˆLj 45.00 50.00wZ‡ji ˆLj 50.55mqvweb wgj 36.95AvUv 14.00 1.50wfUvwgb I LwbR wgkªY

1.00 1.00

wPUv¸o†gvU 100 100

[43]

i“BRvZxq gv‡Qi wgkª Pv‡li DbœZ Lv`¨ m~&Î:Lv`¨ Dcv`v‡bi bvg

bgybv - 1

bgybv – 2

bgybv – 3

bgybv - 4

wdk wgj 10 7.00wgU GÊ †evb wgj

10

Pv‡ji Kzuov 48.50 19.70 25.00M‡gi f~wl 62.00 10.00f~Æv 10.00mwilvi ˆLj 23.00 43.80 75.00wZ‡ji ˆLj 24.00mqvweb wgj 10.00AvUv 2.00 10.00weUvwgb I LwbR wgkªY

0.5 .50 0.50

wPUv¸o 6.00 6.50 6.00†gvU 100 100 100 100

Lv`¨ cÖ¯‘Z cÖYvjx:m~Îvbyhvqx cwigvYgZ DrK…ó gv‡bi Lv`¨ Dcv`vb cÖ‡qvR‡b MÖvBÊv‡i ev AvUv †ckv †gwk‡b ev †XuwK‡Zfvj K‡i P~Y© ev ¸‡uov K‡i wb‡Z n‡e Ges Pvjywb w`‡q †P‡j wb‡Z n‡e| Gici dg©~jv Abyhvqx Dcv`vbmg~n GKwU GKwU K‡i wbw`©ó gvÎvq †g‡c wb‡q wg·vi †gwkb ev eo GKwU cv‡Î †X‡j nvZ w`‡q wKsev jvwV w`‡q ïKbv Ae¯’vq wgkv‡Z n‡e| DËgi“‡c wgkv‡bvi ci Aí Aí K‡i cvwb Ggbev‡e wgwk‡q bvo‡Z n‡e hv‡Z mg¯— wgkªYwU GKwU AvVv‡jv †c÷ ev g‡Ê cwiYZ nq| evBÊvi wnmv‡e wPUv¸uo e¨envi Ki‡j cÖ_‡g wPUv¸uo‡K cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q cvZjv K‡i wb‡q Dc‡i ewY©Z wbq‡g †có ev gÊ ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| GB †fRv †có ev gÊ ‡fRv Lv`¨ wnmv‡e mivmwi cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq A_ev wc‡jU ev ewo AvKv‡i `vbv`vi †có ev gÊ Lv`¨ wnmv‡e ïwK‡q ivLv hvq| wc‡jU ev ewo AvKvi PvlK…Z gv‡Qi gy‡Li AvKvi Abyhvqx ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z gvQ GB Lvevi gy‡L wb‡q †L‡Z cv‡i| wbw`©ó AvKv‡ii Pvjybx e¨envi K‡iI GUv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| n¯—PvwjZ †mgvB †gwk‡bi gZ †jvnv w`‡q Kg Li‡P A‡c¶vK…Z eo AvKv‡ii †gwkb ˆZix K‡i nv‡Z Pvwj‡qI wc‡jU/ewo ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GQvovI wc‡jU/ewo ˆZixi Rb¨ eo AvKv‡ii (evwYwR¨K) wc‡jU i‡q‡Q †qLv‡b wgwkªZKiY wc‡jU ˆZwi I kyKv‡bv GKB mv‡_ Kiv hvq|Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM nvi I c×wZ:Lvev‡ii cÖKvi cÖ‡qvM nvi wbw`

©ó cÖ‡qvM cØwZ

[44]

mg‡q cÖwZw`b

bvm©vix Lv`¨ (cvDWvi ev `vbv`vi)

gv‡Qi †gvU IR‡bi 8 – 20%

3 - 4 evi

cyKz‡ii Pvicv‡k 6 -8 wbw`©ó RvqMvq wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

wgkª Pv‡li Lv`¨wc‡jU Lv`¨ gv‡Qi †gvU

IR‡bi 2- 5%1- 2 evi


†fRv Lv`¨ gv‡Qi †gvU IR‡bi 6- 8%

1- 2 evi


Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv-09ZvwiLt w`bt mgqt ‡gqv` t 30 wgwbU

wk‡ivbvg t gvQ Pv‡l wKQy mvaviY mgm¨v, Zvi m¤¢ve¨ mgvavb Ges gv‡Qi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’vcbv

Afxó `j t cÖKí GjvKvi grm¨Pvl DcKiY eëmvqxMY

j¶¨ t GB Awa‡ek‡b cÖwk¶bv_x©‡ì gvQ Pv‡li wKQy mvaviY mgm¨v I Zvi m¤¢ve¨ mgvavb Ges gv‡Qi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`qv n‡e hv‡Z Zviv GB Ávb Kv‡R jvwM‡q wbwe©‡Nœ Ges SuywKgy³fv‡e gvQ Pvl K‡i gv‡Qi Drcv`b Avkvbyiƒc ch©v‡q wb‡Z cv‡i|

D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwk¶bv_x©iv (K) gvQ Pv‡li wKQy mvaviY mgm¨v wPwýZ Ki‡Z (L) mgm¨vi KviY DrNvUb Ki‡Z (M) ¶wZKi cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e (N) GB mg¯— mgm¨vi m¤¢ve¨ Ges Kvh©Kix mgvav‡bi welq ej‡Z cvi‡e Ges (O) gv‡Qi

[45]

†ivM evjvB cÖwZ‡iva K‡í cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v I c`‡¶c m¤ú‡K©I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

f~wgKv t 1. Kzkj wewbgq 2. c~e©eZx© cv‡Vi c~Yiv‡jvPbv 3. PjwZ Awa‡ek‡bi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ

welqe¯‘ t 1. gvQ Pv‡li KwZcq mvaviY mgm¨vejx (cÖ‡kœvËi) 2. mgm¨vi KviY mgyn (cÖ‡kœvËi) 3. mgm¨vi ¶wZKi cÖfve mgyn (e³…Zv) 4. mgm¨v mgy‡ni m¤¢ve¨ mgvavb (cÖ‡kœvËi) 5. gv‡Qi †iv‡Mi mvaviY KviY (cÖ‡kœvËi)

6. ‡ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c (cÖ‡kœvËi)

mvi-ms‡¶c t 1. g~j welq¸wji Dci c~Yiv‡jvPbv (cÖ‡kœvËi) 2. cieZx© Awa‡ek‡bi mv‡_ †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb

cÖwk¶b mnvqK mvgMÖx t ‡evW©, gvK©vi Kjg, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv

n¨vÛ AvDU- 09gvQ Pv‡l wKQy mvavib mgm¨v I Zvi m¤¢ve¨ mgvavb Ges †ivM

cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’vcbv

gvQ Pv‡li cyKz‡i mvaviYZ wK wK mgm¨v †`Lv hvq?(K) gvQ cvwbi Dci †f‡m D‡V Lvwe Lvq (L) cyKz‡ii cvwbi Dci jvj ev Mvo meyR e‡Y©i AveiY c‡o (M) cvwb K‡g AZ¨š— Mig n‡q gvQ gviv hvq (N) evB‡i †_‡K mvc, e¨v&O G‡m gvQ †L‡q †d‡j (O) cyKz‡i kvgyK, wSby‡Ki cwigvb e„w× (P) KuvKovi AvwaK¨, KvuKov †cvbv †L‡q †d‡j (Q) gv‡Qi Mv‡q AvNvZ/Nv †_‡K ¶‡Zi m„wó nq (R) Zjvq AwZwi³ cuPv Kv`v R‡g (S) el©vq cvo Wy‡e gvQ †ewi‡q hvq (T) gv‡Qi cvLbv I †jR cu‡P hvq (Z) gv‡Qi Mv‡q DKzb nq (_) D`/ †fvì G‡m gvQ †L‡q hvq| G Qvov AviI A‡bK mgm¨v †`Lv †`q|

G mg¯Z mgm¨v †Kb †`Lv †`q? [46]

(K) A‡bK Pvlx Av‡Qb hv‡ì gvQ Pvl m¤ú‡K© fvj aviYv ‡bB Zviv wbqg-Kvbyb QvovB gvQ Pvl K‡ib| A_©¨vr cyKzi Av‡Q wKQy †cvbv Qvo‡Z n‡e ZvB Qv‡ob| wKš‘ wbqgKvbyb Qvov gvQ Pvl Ki‡j ‡h A‡bK mgm¨v nq Zv Zviv Rv‡bb bv, †ev‡Sb bv, eyS‡jI ¸i“Z¡ †`b bv d‡j Zviv gvQ Pv‡l fvj jvf cvb bv (L) cyKz‡ii cÖwZ Zv‡ì ¸i“Z¡ Kg, hZœ Kg d‡j cyKz‡i bvbvwea mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| cyKz‡ii mwVK cwiPh©v bv Ki‡j GB ai‡bi mgm¨v n‡eB|

G mKj mgm¨vq wK ai‡bi ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i?(K) gvQ bvbvwea †ivM evjvB‡q Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i (L) gv‡Qi goK n‡Z cv‡i (M) gv‡Qi e„w× K‡g hv‡e (N) cyKz‡i gv‡Qi Avkvbyiƒc djb nq bv (O) fvj gv‡bi gvQ Drcv`b nq bv (P) gvQ Pv‡l †jvKmvb nq (Q) Pvlx gvQ Pv‡l AvMÖn nvwi‡q †d‡j|

G mKj mgm¨v ‡_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Dcvq wK n‡Z cv‡i?(K) cyKz‡i AwZwi³ †cvbv gRy` Kiv hv‡e bv (L) cyKz‡i wbqg ewnf~©Z †ekx mvi †Ìqv hv‡e bv (M) gvQ cwien‡bi mgq LyeB mveavbZv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z gvQ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB AvNvZ cÖvß bv nq (N) `~e©j I †ivMvµvš— †cvbv cyKz‡i Qvov hv‡e bv (O) cyKz‡ii cvo I cvwbi †Svc R½j I AvMvQv me mgq cwi¯‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z D`, mvc, †eRx Avkªq wb‡Z bv cv‡i (P) 2-3 eQi cici cyKzi ïwK‡q Zjvq †iv` jvMv‡bv fvj, Kv‡jv/`yM©Ühy³ cuPv Kv`v _vK‡j Zz‡j †djv DwPZ (Q) cvo fv½v _vK‡j †givgZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cv‡oi Mv‡Qi cvwbi w`‡K †n‡j _vKv Xvj cvjv¸‡jv †K‡U cvwb‡Z hv‡Z Av‡jv evZvm cvq †m eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e (R) Mi“i †Mvmj, ev”Pv‡ì AwZwi³ mvZvi-KvUvq hv‡Z cvwb †ewk †Nvjv bv nq †mw`‡K †Lqvj Ki‡Z n‡e|

wK wK Kvi‡Y gv‡Qi †ivM-evjvB n‡Z cv‡i?(K) cyKz‡ii cwi‡ek `~wlZ I †bvsiv n‡j (L) cyKz‡i gvÎvwZwi³ msL¨K gvQ I wPswo _vK‡j (M) cvwb‡Z cywóKi c`v‡_©i NvUwZ n‡j (N) AZ¨waK mvi I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j (O) evB‡ii `~wlZ cvwb cyKz‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡j (P) cyKz‡ii Zjvq AwZwi³ cuPv-Kv`v _vK‡j (Q) ‡ivM m„wóKvix ciRxwe I KxU cZ½ _vK‡j|

‡ivM-evjvB cÖwZ‡iva K‡í wK wK eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv hvq?(K) ‡ivMvµvš— I `~e©j †cvbv cyKz‡i Qvov hv‡e bv (L) ‡cvbv cwien‡bi mgq LyeB mZ©KZvi mv‡_ cwienb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †Kv‡bv fv‡eB †cvbv AvnZ ev AvNvZ cÖvß bv nq (M) cyKzi/ cyKzi cvo memgq †Svc-R½j gy³ ivL‡Z n‡e (N) mwVK msL¨K gvQ I wPswoi †cvbv gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e (O) wbqwgZ Ges mwVK cwigv‡b mvi I m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e, ‡ewk-†ewk †`qv hv‡e bv (P) cyKz‡ii Zjvq †hb AwZwi³ cuPv Kv`v bv _v‡K, _vK‡j kxZKv‡j cyKzi ïwK‡q Zv Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e (Q) cyKz‡i †hb ‡ewk kvgyK-wSbyK, KxU-cZ½ n‡Z bv cv‡i †m eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e (R) ‡ivMvµvš— cyKz‡i Rvj †U‡b †mB Rvj fvjfv‡e msi¶Y bv K‡i (ïwK‡q) fvj gv‡Qi cyKz‡i

[47]

Uvbv DwPZ bv (S) cyKz‡i evB‡i †_‡K we‡kl K‡i eb¨vi mgq †hb `~wlZ I †bvsiv cvwb XyK‡Z bv cv‡i|

gvQ Pv‡l m¤¢ve¨ mgm¨v I Zvi mgvavb: mgm¨v m¤¢¨ve¨ j¶Y

mg~nmgvavb K‡í KiYxq

cvwbi Dc‡i meyR ¯—i m„wó

GB Ae¯’vi Rb¨ cÖvK…wZK Lv‡`ï AvwaK¨B `vqx

mvi I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM mvgwqK fv‡e eÜ ivLyb| ïK‡bv Kjvi cvZv ev av‡bi Lo †cwP‡q j¤^v iwk ˆZwi Ki“b hv cvwbi Dci w`‡q `yÕcvk †_‡K †U‡b fvmgvb me †kIjvi ¯—i cyKz‡ii GK ‡Kvbvq wb‡q DVv‡q mwâi gv`vi cv‡k cÖ‡qvM Ki“b

cvwbi Dc‡i jvj ¯—i m„wó

GB Ae¯’vi Rb¨ cyKz‡ii gvwU‡Z AwZwi³ Avqi‡bi Dcw¯’wZ ev cvwb‡Z cÖvK…wZK Lv‡`ï AvwaK¨B `vqx

ïK‡bv KjvcvZv ev av‡bi Lo †cwP‡q j¤^v iwk ˆZwi Ki“b hv cvwbi Dci w`‡q `yÕcvk †_‡K †U‡b fvmgvb me †kIjvi ¯—i cyKz‡ii GK ‡Kvbvq wb‡q DVv‡q mwâi gv`vi cv‡k cÖ‡qvM Ki“b| A_ev cÖwZ kZvs‡k 100 MÖvg wdUKvix eënvi Kiv hvq †mmv‡_ ¯^vfvweK Lv`¨ I BDwiqv mvi cÖ‡qvM Ae¨vnZ ivLyb

†NvjvZ¡ mvaviYZ: e„wó‡Z cv‡oi †avqv Kv`v cyKz‡ii cvwb‡K †Nvjv K‡i

mvaviYZ: Ggwb‡ZB 2-3w`b ci †NvjvZ¡ †K‡U hvq| Ab¨_vq kZvs‡k 300MÖvg nv‡i Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki“b ev av‡bi ïK‡bv Lo 1 †KwR cÖ‡qvM Ki“b A_ev 100 MÖvg wdUKvix eënvi Kiv hvq

gv‡Qi ¶Z‡ivM

mvaviYZ: kxZKv‡j GB †ivMwU †`Lv hvq| `ywlZ cwi‡e‡k g~jZ: QÎv‡Ki Avµg‡b ¶Z‡iv‡Mi m„wó nq

GB mgm¨vq AvµvšZ n‡j gvQ weµq K‡i †`qvB fvj| Z‡e kZvsk cÖwZ 300 MÖvg nv‡i Pzb cÖ‡qvM, A_ev me gvQ a‡i AvµvšZ¸‡jv †d‡j w`‡q ïaygvÎ AbvµvšZ¸‡jv‡K jeY cvwb‡Z †Mvmj Kiv‡q †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i

‡fvi iv‡Z gvQ cvwbi Dc‡i fv‡m

Aw·‡R‡bi ¯^íZv A_v©r cyKz‡ii Zjvq AwaK Kv‡jv gvwUi Dcw¯’wZ Ges gvÎvwZwi³ gRy` NbZ¡B GB mgm¨vi Ab¨Zg KviY

cvwb‡Z mvi cÖ‡qvM mvgwqK eÜ ivLyb Ges A‡c¶vK…Z eo mvB‡Ri gvQ¸‡jv a‡i weµq Ki“b| niiv †U‡b cyKz‡ii Zjvi ev‡R M¨vm `~i Ki“b Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b mKv‡j Kjmx ev wKQzw`‡q cvwb‡Z †XD‡qi m„wó Ki“b| m¤¢e n‡j Zjvi Kv‡jv gvwU miv‡bvi eë¯’v Ki“b

wPswoi dzjKv

‡N‡ii Zjvq AwaK Kv‡jv gvwUi

niiv †U‡b ‡N‡ii Zjvi ev‡R M¨vm `~i Ki“b| 100 MÖvg/kZK nv‡i Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki“b Ges

[48]

cuPv †ivM

Dcw¯’wZ Ges cÖwZK~j cwi‡ekB GB mgm¨vi Ab¨Zg KviY

AbwZwej‡¤^ Zjvi Kv‡jv gvwU miv‡bvi e¨e¯’v Ki“b| A‡c¶vK…Z eo mvB‡Ri gvQ¸‡jv a‡i weµq Ki“b|

wPswoi †jR ‡dvjv

†N‡ii cÖwZK~j cwi‡ekB GB mgm¨vi Ab¨Zg KviY

Avµv‡š—i msL¨v †ewk n‡j weNv cÖwZ 1.5 †KwR wnmv‡e Wv³vix cUvk cvwb‡Z ¸wj‡q wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e

wPswoi †Lvjm big

Lvevi ¯^íZv I cÖwZK~j cwi‡ekB GB mgm¨vi Ab¨Zg KviY

`~e©j I †Lvjm big wPswoi msL¨v †ewk n‡j KviY wbY©‡qi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| Lvev‡ii cwigvb cyY:wba©viY Ki“b Ges kZvs‡k 100 MÖvg nv‡i Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki“b

[49]

fish training module for red

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