DEC 6 WM r.

Environment Canada Environnement Canada

Fisheries Service des pitches and Marine Service et des sciences de la mer

Fish Handling Systems

A List of Equipment Used From Sea to Boat to Wharf

By Ralph Davis

Information Publication No. MAR/N-74-I

Inspection Branch Maritimes Region

If:

Canada. Fisheries and Marine Service. Maritimes Region. Inspection Branch. INFORMATION PUBLICATION

FISH HANDLING SYSTEMS

A list of equipment used to move fish from sea to boat toTwharf.

SUMMARY

A Regional Industry survey and literature search was

carried out to provide a listing of equipment used in the interna-

tional fishing industry for handling fish from the sea into the boat

and at dockside. The list includes the address of the manufacturers

and the operating principle. The data was collected as part of a pro-

ject on bruising of herring from pumping and handling. The systems

are not evaluated.

Ralph Davis

Fish Inspection Laboratory P. 0. Box 550, Halifax, N. S.

Canada, BIT 1S5 September 1974

- 2 -

- Summary

- Contents

CONTENTS Page

1

2

I. MECHANICAL (A) Net - lift 3 - drag 3

(B) Bucket - winch and chute 4 - elevator and conveyor 4 - clam bucket 5

(C) Box - elevator and conveyor 5

(D) Conveyor 6

II. HYDRAULIC (Water) (A) Centrifugal pump - horizontal, fixed 7 - vertical, fixed 9 - submerged, vertical 10

(B) Jet Ejector 11

(C) Other - siphon 12 - by-pass strainer 12 - positive displace-

ment pump. 13

III. HYDRO-PNEUMATIC (Water-Air) (A) Compressed Air 14

(B) Vacuum Chamber 15

(C) Reduced Density (Air Emulisid0 15

IV. PNEUMATIC-VACUUM (Air) (A) Water Bath Seal 16

(B) Rotary Vane Seal 18

- Bibliography 19

- Acknowledgements 20

- Note 21

I. MECHANICAL

- 3

(A) NET - Lift

1. Brailing by hand with shallow net on handle. Used on inshore boats in Southwestern Nova Scotia for unloading herring.

2. Lift gill net and shake by hand. Herring fall into inshore boat. Mechanical shaker and hauler are used in USSR for herring, and in Japan

3. (a) Hydraulic powered swing boom on large brail net for herring from seine net into boat. One man operated. Data from FAO on Iceland Fisheries and on salmon in Vancouver.

(b) Hydraulic powered "grab". for lifting herring in net. Used on draggers in Holland.

4. Fish in nets or bags are hoisted out of boats. Used on inshore boats in Newfoundland for pelagic and groundfish.

NET - Drag or Lift

Midwater trawl used by Germans fishing for herring. Data on trial by W. W. Johnson off Nova Scotia with boxing and icing Of herring, 1971. Herrings net are pulled up ramp in stern of vessel, or lifted over the side.

- 4

(B) BUCKET - Winch and Chute

A

1. Barrel is filled by hand with forks or shovel. Winches raises and man dumps down chute. Ice falls through chute bars and fish goes to culling station. Manufactured by ABCO, aluminum. Many used for groundfish. Evaluated by Power, FRB. Operating costs data by Stonely and Hopkins; and Eisenhauer.

- Elevator and Conveyor

1. Herring (for meal) in Denmark. Manufactured by IRAS Maskinfabrik, Gammelby, Molleves, Esbjerg, Denmark, data: letter and brochure.

2. Nealis Harrison, - groundfish put into buckets by hand Courtney St., are elevated out of boat hold and Hull, G.B. dumped on belt.

3. For groundfish in N.S. constructed by ABCO Ltd., LunenbUrg, N.S.

BUCKET - Clam Bucket or Grab Bucket

- used for capelin in Norway for meal. Data from Jangaard, FRB.

(C) BOX

1. Herring were placed into boxes on a trial by W. W. Johnson in 1971 in Nova Scotia. Successful for better quality but costly. Data: report extract from I.D.B.

2. Systems used in Q.B. for herring and groundfish, Torry and HIB data. Small box with ice.

x Ncia0Ax ltItZ=A-Nact A*1;011.18e

IZa<

2.

Also: Large box and crane system for holding over one ton of herring in iced sea water.

- Alcoa Container Systems (GB) Ltd., Leamington Spa, U.K. used on trawler and transport to plants "Totesystem".

3. Vertical box elevator (Vertiflo) and horizontal belt (Gross Bumper) made by:

George Orton, Sons and Spooner Ltd., Victoria Crescent, Hirton-on-Trent, Staffs, G.B.

4. Belt elevator for boxes (Waco) made by:

K.G. Welcker and Co., 2854 Loxstedt, Box 1240, BREMERHAVEN, GERMANY.

(D) CONVEYOR

Dewatering conveyor at water level lifts fish from net in water to boat hold. U.S. ?avant 3,793,760. 26 Feb., 1974.

II._ HYDRAULIC (Water)

(A) CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - horizontal fixed.

1. BALCO - torque-flow for fish waste (recessed impeller).

Henry Balfour and Co. Ltd., LEVEN, FIFE, SCOTLAND.

2. FAIRBANKS-MORSE - non-clog (enclosed "bladeless" impeller).

Colt Industries (Canada) Limited, 1955 Leslie St., DON MILLS, ONTARIO. = 10" pump for herring on boats in Maritimes.

3. HYDEMA

Hydr. Dekks Maskiner, OSLO, NORWAY. = 12" herring pump on Cart Pubnicri,- N:S. herring seiner.

4. HYDROSTAL (auger-type impeller)

Grove Processing Equipment Ltd., 1481 Pemberton Ave., North Vancouver, B.C. = 10" herring pump op 4 barge in Eiat Put:mica, N.S.

- 8 -

5. PACO: 6" line pumping trout.

Neilsen Metal Industries, Inc., 3501 Portland Road N.E., Salem, Oregon 97303, U.S.A.; used at Lake Charlotte, N.S.

6. TOWNSEN: Herring pump on cmlnemalAgr Newfoundi.aud.

7. WEMCO, Torque-flow (recessed impeller)

D.C. Austin Equipment Ltd., Box 247, Dartmouth, N.S. = fish offal pump on stern dragger boats.

8. YEOMAN'S Fish Pump

Yeoman Brothers Co., Melrose Park, Ill., U.S.A. manhaden in U.S. for meal. t

9. TURO solids pump (recessed impeller) used on whole fish and mussels in water.

Project Sales Ltd., 210 Victoria Ave., MONTREAL 215, Que.

10. Leon C. Osborn Co. Inc, pickles in brine. P. O. Box 1346, Harlingen, Texas 78550

SWANN FISH PUMP

Swann Hydraulics Ltd., Vancouver, B. C.

12. Much data On centrifugal pumps in Terent'ev, Miller and Chernigan, Russian book.

(A) Centrifugal Pump - vertical fixed for(shrimp in 40°F brine.)

Key Equipment Co., 517 North Elizabeth, P.O. Box 6, Milton-Free Water, Oregon.

(A) CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - Submerged - vertical

1. IBERCISA FISH PUMP: Modulus 10

Iber-comercio e Industria, S.A., Beiramar, 49, VICO - ESPANA.

2. KARM - 14" on Norwegian herring seiners.

Karmoy Mekaniske Verksted, N-4250 Kopervik, Norway.

3. MARCO - pump spawning herring alive to seiners. - pump salmon and trout alive at hatcheries.

Marine Construction and Design Co., 2300 West Commodore Way, Seattle, Washington 98199, U.S.A.

4. RAPP - capsule pump.

Rapp Fabrikker A/S, Box 335 800 1 BODO, NORWAY.

5. Data on operating characteristics from Mamontov of Russia.

(B) JET EJECTOR

1. Jet pump for vegetables in U.K. (peripheral)

New Haden Pumps Ltd., New Haden Works, Cheadle, Staffs, U. K.

2. Three types of water jet pumps are described in detail in Terent'ev Russian book for moving fish, 1956.

DCZ:Zb :KZ>

9

WATER

WIPER

(c) OTHER

1. SIPHON - used on salmon to unload boats in Vancouver at two plants and for herring at one plant in New Brunswick.

siphon out and elevates with U-tube air lift pump.

siphon out and elevates with submerged bucket elevator.

- Data and drawisgs,on 1)41) systems.

3. Using internal jet with a screen separator and swing-check valve. Described by Stoneley and Hopkins - no supplier known.

2. BY-PASS STRAINER

(a) Alternating screens by means of automatic controls. Fish collect on two screens alternately.

Data from F.R.B. Vancouver (Circular 28). Used on R.S.W. held salmon to unload'bOat.

or.

- 13-

(b) CHAMBERED - fish and brine are sucked into a tank with large screen. After boat is unloaded fish is floated up through pipe.

3. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP for menhaden meal plant; (three pistons).

- Humpherys Railways Inc., in Virginia Weems, Virginia 22576, U. S. A.

- 14-

III. HYDRO-PNEUMATIC (Water-air)

(A) COMPRESSED AIR

1. Compressed air forces water-fish through pipe out of pressure tank. Used for salmon and herring data from F.R.B. 1962; PRP 114. installed at Taneouver, B.C.

COMPRE5SE AM-

2. Two tanks alternately fill and empty with water-fish solution driven by compressed air. Sketch and description by Terent'ev in Russia for unloading live fish in boats with holes.

- 15 -

(B) VACUUM CHAMBER - one set up described by Terent'ev in Russia for fish-water mixture.

VACUUM.

(C) REDUCED DENSITY

U-tube air lift: compressed air bubbled into pipe causes fish-water solution to rise. Used with_siphon for boat unloading at Vancouver, B: C._ Data and drawings. Trade News, 18: 4-7, 1965.

-16 -

IV. PNEUMATIC - VACUUM (Air)

(A) WATER BATH SEAL

1. ABCO air unloader: fan exhaust air from vacuum chamber with bottom in water ,bath. Suction pipe enters chamber., Recent installations use cyclone to reduce herring velocity when unloading boats. Fifteen (15) installed by- Atlantic Bridge Co., Box 1120, Lunenburg, N.S.

2. TEMCO fish unloader for herring, salmon and groundfish. Equipment uses blower to exhaust receiving box and a cyclone air.fish separator. Uses automatic dual batch weighing system with recorder.

Address: Temco, Inc. Box 176 AIR Mercer Island Washington 98040, U.S.A.

3. SORT-RITE air-flo unloader for shrimp, clams and fish. Uses conveyor belt to take material out of water bath. One used in Northern New BrunsWick.

Sort-Rite Sales Corp., Box 1805, Harlingen, TEXAS 78550, U. S. A.

4. Tri-pak Aqua flow unloader for shrimp uses blower exhaust cyclone and recirculates water. Made by

Tri-Pak Machinery Service, Inc. Box 1228, HARLINGEN, TEXAS 78550, U. S. A.

#

1. HARCO "VACU-LIFT" Fish elevator used'on mackerel and herring in Gloucester, Mass.

VACUUM.

Harbour Boat Building Co., 258 Cannery St., Terminal Island, California 90731, U.S.A.

pc)

-18 -

(B) ROTARY VANE SEAL

2. Similar system described by Terent'ev.

Air exhausted from chamber. Rotating valve empties fish out of bottom of chamber. Suction pipe brings fish in.

VACUUM

- 19 -

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anon. A workshop on the preparation and inspection of spice-cured, brine-cured and marinated herring. Stephenville, Newioundland, Environment Fisheries Inspection, February, 1972.

Bedell, G. W. and P. D. Flint. "Pumping Fish in California" the Progressive. Fish-Culturist. Pg. 233-235, October, 1969.

Blackwood, C. M. "Report on Visit to Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and West Germany to discuss quality and acceptability of herring imported from Canada." Environment Canada, Fisheries Service, Ottawa, 7 January 1972, 4PP.

Eisenhauer, D. A. "Fish unloading items" in Proceedings Conference on Automation and Mechanization in the FishingIndustry. Canadian Fisheries Reports No. 15, July, 1970 Pg. 289-302.

Krakovsky. "Investigations into the mechanism of the injuries to fish caused by the inlet parts of impeller vanes and by discharge pipe striking vanes of centrifugal fish pumps." (RUssian 1971). FRB Halifax translation No. 2203, 1972.

Mamontov, E. V. "The determination of the operational conditions for a sub-merged centrifugal pump during hydro-transportation of the fish-water mixture" VNIRO, Moscow #5, 1971, FRB translation.

Lauder, T. D. Directions for taking and curing herring*. Saint John H. Chubb, 1850.

Minnee. "Trawler construction and handling the catch". (chap. II) in Fish Handling and Preservation. OECD, Paris, 1965, Pg. 125-132.

Power, H. E. A stud" of mechanical unloading devices for fish in use on the Atlantic Coast, Halifax, FR81968, Tech. report 69.

Reay, G. A. and J. M. Shewan. "The Preservation of Fresh Herrings" In The Fishing News (Aberdeen) No. 1938, 7 April, 1951, Pg. 12-14.

also in: FAO, The Technology of Herring Utilization (Bergen, J. Greigs, 1953) Pg. 181-185.

Regier, L. W. and A. Longard. Further studies on trawler vacuum unloading systems. Halifax, FRB 19/0, Technical repo 162.

Roach, S. W. "New methods for unloading fish" Studies, Vancouver, Fisheries Research Board, 1966, No. 1006.

Roach, S. W. and J. S. M. Harrison. "A. new method for unloading fish" Progress reports of the Pacific Coast Stations, Ottawa, Fisheries Research Board, 1962, No. 114, JunelPg. 7-8.

-20-

Roach, S. W., F. S. Claggett, J. S. M. Harrison. "An airlift pump for elevating salmon, herring and other fish of similar size", Ottawa, LatiWinjusuamigmarai lurn 1964, Pg. 845-849.

Sladet F. L. and E. W. Collins. "pumping of Food Herring", Environment Canada, Fisheries Inspection, Corner Brook, Newfoundland, 14 April, 1972.

Spencer, K. F. "The vinegar cured herring industry in Eastern Canada: in Proceedings Canadian Atlantic Herring Fishery Conference, Canadian Fisheries Reports No. 8, December 1966. Pg. 255-259.

Stonely, D. R. and R. D. B. Hopkins. "Fish handling on board and fish unloading methods", Proceedings Canadian Atlantic offshore fishing vessel conference, February 1966, Ottawa, Canada Department of Fisheries, Industrial Development Service, October 1966, Canadian Fisheries Roport No. 7, Pg. 93.

Terent'ev, A. V., B. N. Miller and N. F. Chernigin, Hydraulic Engineering in the Fishing Industry , 2 ed, Moscow, 1956, translation.

Terent'ev, et al. "the effect of the duty of centrifugal fish pumps on fish damage". FRB Halifax translation series No. 2324, 1972.

Terent'ev. "Scientific principles of designing modern centrifugal fish pumps." (Russian 1971) ,FRB Halifax translation No. 2405, 1973.

Younker, D.S. and Kristoffersen, A., Inshore Fish Handling, P.E.A. Fisheries Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, or Environment Fisheries, I.D.B., Ottawa, 1972.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The staff of the Regional Library helped with the literature

search. Mrs. M. C. Todd carried out the typing. Sketches were done by

Bill Pettipas.

- 21 -

Technical Service:

Anyone interested in having work done on fish

handling, processing, or equipment should send a letter outlining

the area of concern. Address the letter to:

Chief, Inspection Branch, Environment Canada, Fisheries and Marine Service, P. 0. Box 550, Halifax, Nova Scotia. B33 2S7