fish bioenergetics, introduction - iaea · fish bioenergetics, introduction compiled by dan galeriu...
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Fish bioenergetics, introduction
Compiled by Dan Galeriu for EMRAS II WG7
Aix en Provence 6-9 September 2010
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What is Bioenergetics?
“…..the study of the flow and transformation of energy in and between living organisms and
between living organisms and their environment”
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Consumption = Income
Bioenergetics ~ Economics
Growth = Savings and Investments
Metabolism = Rent Wastes & Losses = Taxes
Consumption = Metabolism + Waste + Growth
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Model Components:
Consumption
C =
Gonads �Reproduction
∆Biomass� Growth
+ (∆B + G)
Respiration� Basal Metabolism
Active Metabolism� Costs from activity
Specific Dynamic Action� Costs from digestion
(R + A + S)
Egestion-F & Excretion -U
+ (F + U)
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Typical Energy Budgets Differ for Carnivores & Herbivores:
2043 +37 +100 =Herbivores2927 +44 +100 =Carnivore
GrowthWasteRespirationConsumptionNormalized Percentages
Largescale Stoneroller
Green Sunfish
Muskellunge
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All processes are temp. and size dependentSp
ecific
Rate
(g/g/
d) 0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
5 10 15 20 25 30
Temperature (C)
growth
SDA
excretionegestion
Ma x . C o n s u m p ti o n = C m a x
starvation
Upper lethal
loss of growth
respiration
“Golden Banana”
Too hot,body starts to fail
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What else do we need to run the model?
Temperatures where fish live…• alewife - 20° C• bluegill - 29° C• coho salmon - 15° C• largemouth bass – 27.5° C • muskellunge - 26° C• northern pike - 24° C • rainbow smelt - 13° C
• rainbow trout - 20° C• striped bass – 21.6° C• walleye - 22° C• yellow perch - 26° C• smallmouth bass – 29 ° C• sea lamprey - 18° C• chinook salmon - 15° C
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What do we need to run the model?
What a fish eats …
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What do we need to run the model?
Prey and Predator Energy Densities …
Zooplankton – 2513 j/g wet mass
Leech – 24000 j/g dry mass
Snails – 18000 j/g dry mass
Crayfish – 3766 j/g wet mass
Alewife – 7225 j/g wet mass
Yellow Perch – 5000 j/g dry mass
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What do we need to run the model?Basic physiological parameters…• Egestion (size/temp dependent) � F• Excretion (size/temp dependent) � U• Specific Dynamic Action � SDA• Basal Metabolism � R• Active Metabolism � A
Where do we get all these….? - We do painstakingly difficult lab experiments (imagine having to measure fish excrement or…)- We steal them, I mean “borrow” them!- Species borrowing is common, it can cause problems- Should evaluate and test if borrowing is appropriate