fish & turtle identification
TRANSCRIPT
The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 30 Page 1 of 112)
M A R I N E B I O L O G Y P R A C T I C A L I I S T U D Y G U I D E
FISH & TURTLE IDENTIFICATION
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Marine Biology Lab Practical 2 Study Guide 1
Fish & Turtle
Identification
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Blue Marlin
Family Istiophoridae, BILLFISHES
Makaira nigricans
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Longbill Spearfish
Family Istiophoridae, BILLFISHES
Tetrapturus pfluegeri
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Sailfish
Family Istiophoridae, BILLFISHES
Istiophorus platypterus
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White Marlin
Family Istiophoridae, BILLFISHES
Tetrapterus albidus
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Bluefish
Family Pomatomidae, BLUEFISHES
Pomatomus saltatrix
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Bonefish
Family Albulidae, BONEFISHES
Albula vulpes
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Cobia (ling)
Family Rachycentridae, COBIA
Rachycentron canadum
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Dolphin
Family Coryphaenidae, DOLPHINS
Coryphaena hippurus
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Atlantic Croaker
Family Sciaenidae, DRUMS
Micropogonias undulatus
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Black Drum
Family Sciaenidae, DRUMS
Pogonias cromis
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Red Drum (redfish)
Family Sciaenidae, DRUMS
Sciaenops ocellatus
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Sand Seatrout
Family Sciaenidae, DRUMS
Cynoscion arenarius
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Silver Seatrout
Family Sciaenidae, DRUMS
Cynoscion nothus
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Spotted Seatrout
Family Sciaenidae, DRUMS
Cynoscion nebulosus
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Silver Perch (yellowtail)
Family Sciaenidae, DRUMS
Bairdiella chrysoura
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Weakfish
Family Sciaenidae, DRUMS
Cynoscion regalis
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Gulf Flounder
Family Bothidae, LEFTEYE FLOUNDERS
Paralichthys albigutta
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Black Grouper
Family Serranidae, SEA BASSES AND GROUPER
Mycteroperca bonaci
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Gag
Family Serranidae, SEA BASSES AND GROUPER
Mycteroperca microlepis
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Jewfish (goliath grouper)
Family Serranidae, SEA BASSES AND GROUPER
Epinephelus itajara
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Nassau Grouper
Family Serranidae, SEA BASSES AND GROUPER
Epinephelus striatus
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Red Grouper
Family Serranidae, SEA BASSES AND GROUPER
Epinephelus morio
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Scamp
Family Serranidae, SEA BASSES AND GROUPER
Mycteroperca phenax
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Yellowfin Grouper
Family Serranidae, SEA BASSES AND GROUPER
Mycteroperca venenosa
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Yellowmouth Grouper
Family Serranidae, SEA BASSES AND GROUPER
Mycteroperca interstitialis
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Warsaw Grouper
Family Serranidae, SEA BASSES AND GROUPER
Epinephelus nigritus
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Bank Sea Bass
Family Serranidae, SEA BASSES AND GROUPER
Centropristis ocyurus
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Black Sea Bass
Family Serranidae, SEA BASSES AND GROUPER
Centropristis striata
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Rock Sea Bass
Family Serranidae, SEA BASSES AND GROUPER
Centropristis philadelphica
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White Grunt
Family Haemulidae, GRUNTS
Haemulon plumieri
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American Shad
Family Clupeidae, HERRINGS
Alosa sapidissima
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Almaco Jack
Family Carangidae, JACKS and POMPANOS
Seriola rivoliana
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Banded Rudderfish
Family Carangidae, JACKS and POMPANOS
Seriola zonata
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Blue Runner
Family Carangidae, JACKS and POMPANOS
Caranx crysos
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Crevalle Jack
Family Carangidae, JACKS and POMPANOS
Caranx hippos
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Greater Amberjack
Family Carangidae, JACKS and POMPANOS
Seriola dumerili
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Lesser Amberjack
Family Carangidae, JACKS and POMPANOS
Seriola fasciata
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Florida Pompano
Family Carangidae, JACKS and POMPANOS
Trachinotus carolinus
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Palometa
Family Carangidae, JACKS and POMPANOS
Trachinotus goodei
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Permit
Family Carangidae, JACKS and POMPANOS
Trachinotus falcatus
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Yellowfin Tuna
Family Scombridae, MACKERELS and TUNAS
Thunnus albacares
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Cero (cero mackerel)
Family Scombridae, MACKERELS and TUNAS
Scomberomorous regalis
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King Mackerel
Family Scombridae, MACKERELS and TUNAS
Scomberomorous cavalla
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Spanish Mackerel
Family Scombridae, MACKERELS and TUNAS
Scomberomorous regalis
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Wahoo
Family Scombridae, MACKERELS and TUNAS
Acanthocybium solanderi
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Fantail Mullet
Family Mugilidae, MULLETS
Mugil gyrans
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Striped (Black) Mullet
Family Mugilidae, MULLETS
Mugil cephalus
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Blackfin Snapper
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Lutjanus buccanella
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Cubera Snapper
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Lutjanus cyanopterus
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Dog Snapper
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Lutjanus jocu
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Grey Snapper (mangrove snapper)
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Lutjanus griseus
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Lane Snapper
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Lutjanus synagris
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Mahogany Snapper
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Lutjanus mahogoni
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Mutton Snapper
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Lutjanus analis
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Queen Snapper
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Etelis oculatus
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Red Snapper
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Lutjanus campechanus
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Schoolmaster
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Lutjanus apodus
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Silk Snapper
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Lutjanus vivanus
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Vermilion Snapper
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Rhomboplites aurorubens
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Yellowtail Snapper
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Ocyurus chrysurus
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Fat Snook
Family Centropomidae, SNOOKS
Centropomus parallelus
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Common Snook
Family Centropomidae, SNOOKS
Centropomus undecimali
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Swordpine Snook
Family Centropomidae, SNOOKS
Centropomus ensiferus
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Tarpon Snook
Family Centropomidae, SNOOKS
Centropomus pectinatus
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Atlantic Spadefish
Family Ephippidae, SPADEFISHES
Chaetodipterus faber
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Swordfish
Family Xiphiidae, SWORDFISHES
Xiphias gladius
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Tarpon
Family Elopidae, TARPONS
Megalops atlanticus
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Ladyfish
Family Elopidae, TARPONS
Elops saurus
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Sheepshead
Family Sparidae, PORGIES
Archosargus probatocephalus
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Jolthead Porgy
Family Sparidae, PORGIES
Calamus bajonado
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Knobbed Porgy
Family Sparidae, PORGIES
Calamus nodosus
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Pinfish
Family Sparidae, PORGIES
Lagodon rhomboides
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Red Porgy
Family Sparidae, PORGIES
Pagrus pagrus
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Gulf (Atlantic) Sturgeon
Family Acipenseridae, STURGEONS
Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi
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Gray Triggerfish
Family Balistidae, TRIGGERFISH
Balistes capriscus
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Tripletail
Family Lobotidae, TRIPLETAILS
Lobotes surinamensis
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Hardhead Catfish
Family Ariidae, CATFISH
Arius felis
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Gafftopsail Catfish
Family Ariidae, CATFISH
Bagre marinus
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Southern Stingray
Family Dasyatidae, STINGRAYS
Dasyatis americana
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Shortfin Mako
Family Lamnidae, MACKEREL SHARKS
Isurus oxyrinchus
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Bonnethead Shark
Family Sphyrnidae, HAMMERHEAD SHARKS
Sphyrna tiburo
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Scalloped Hammerhead
Family Sphyrnidae, HAMMERHEAD SHARKS
Sphyrna tiburo
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Black Tip Shark
Family Carcharhinidae, REQUIEM SHARKS
Carcharhinus limbatus
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Atlantic Sharpnose Shark
Family Carcharhinidae, REQUIEM SHARKS
Rhizoprionodon terraenovae
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Sandbar Shark
Family Carcharhinidae, REQUIEM SHARKS
Carcharhinus plumbeus
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Bull Shark
Family Carcharhinidae, REQUIEM SHARKS Carcharhinus leucas
Commonly found off Volusia County Beaches
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Black Tip Shark
Family Carcharhinidae, REQUIEM SHARKS
Carcharhinus limbatus
Commonly found off Volusia County Beaches
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Nurse Shark
Family Ginglymostomatidae, CARPET SHARKS
Ginglymostoma cirratum
Commonly found off Volusia County Beaches
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Black Drum
Family Sciaenidae, DRUMS
Pogonias cromis
Commonly found in Mangrove Swamps
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Common Snook
Family Centropomidae, SNOOKS
Centropomus undecimali
Commonly found in Mangrove Swamps
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Grey Snapper (mangrove snapper)
Family Lutjanidae, SNAPPERS
Lutjanus griseus
Commonly found in Mangrove Swamps
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Turtle
Identification
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Loggerhead Sea Turtle Caretta caretta
Loggerheads' jaws are adapted for crushing and grinding. Their diet consists primarily of crabs, molluscs, shrimps, jellyfish, and vegetation. Most common sea turtle in Volusia county.
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Green Sea Turtle Chelonia mydas
Green sea turtles have finely serrated jaws adapted for a vegetarian diet of sea grasses and algae. As adults, these are the only herbivorous sea turtles. Green sea turtles are mainly carnivorous from hatching until juvenile size; they then progressively shift to an herbivorous diet. Second most common sea turtle in Volusia county.
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Leatherback Sea Turtle Dermochelys corfacea
Leatherbacks have delicate scissor-like jaws that would be damaged by anything other than their normal diet of jellyfish, tunicates, and other soft-bodied animals. The mouth cavity and throat are lined with papillae (spine-like projections) pointed backward to help them swallow soft foods. Third most common sea turtle in Volusia county. Largest of all sea turtles.
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Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle Lepidochelys kempii
Ridleys' jaws are adapted for crushing and grinding. Their diet consists primarily of crabs, molluscs, shrimps, jellyfish, and vegetation. Kemp’s Ridley sea turtles are the most endangered.
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Hawksbill Sea Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata
A hawksbill has a narrow head with jaws meeting at an acute angle, adapted for getting food from crevices in coral reefs. They eat sponges, tunicates, shrimps, and squids.
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Flatback Sea Turtle Natator Depressus
Flatback turtles are omnivores, feeding on a variety of prey including sea cucumbers, jellies, soft corals, shrimp, crabs, molluscs, fish, and seaweed. The flatback has the smallest distribution of all sea turtles species and only breeds and nests in Australia.
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Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea
The Olive Ridley’s diet includes crabs, shrimp, lobsters, jellyfish, mollusks, and tunicates, and algae. The Olive Ridley occurs worldwide in tropical and warm temperate ocean waters. The Olive Ridley occurs within the tropical regions of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans.
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Turtle Facts
Oceanfront lights are harmful to sea turtles because they distract the turtles causing them to move away from the ocean.
The sea turtle nesting season is May through October.
The majority of Volusia County turtle hatchlings are female.
Some of the things that commonly cause injuries to sea turtles
include:
Shark bites
Fishing line
Plastic bags
Sea turtle eggs have many predators including:
Ants
Ghost crabs
Raccoons
Birds
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Turtle Excluder Device (TED)
Turtle Excluder Device (TED) is a device fitted to a net or modification that allows turtles to escape immediately after capture in the net.
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Mosquito Family: Culicidae
The mosquitoes are a family of small, midge-like flies. Although a few species are
harmless or even useful to humanity, most are a nuisance because they consume
blood from living vertebrates, including humans. The females of many species of
mosquitoes are blood eating pests. In feeding on blood, some of them transmit
extremely harmful human and livestock diseases, such as malaria. All mosquitoes
have one common requirement--they need water to complete their life cycle. They
can breed in almost any source of water.
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Red Mangrove
Red mangroves generally are found closest to the water's edge and are distinguished easily from other mangroves by their prominent prop roots which extend into the water from higher up on the stem of the plant. Red mangroves have leaves which are somewhat larger and shinier than those of other mangroves. They are further distinguished by their fruits, or propagules, which are long and pencil-shaped. While these may resemble seed pods, they are actually embryonic root structures.
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Black Mangrove
Black mangroves are found upland to the red mangroves, located at higher elevations, and are the most cold tolerant. The bark of this tree is dark which gives it the name black mangrove. "The leaves are shiny dark green on the top, oblong and pointed at the tip. The undersides of the leaves are a dull green color with short dense hairs-glands-which excrete salt the leaves serve as a back-up system for ridding the Black Mangrove of the salt that has not been excreted by the roots.
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White Mangrove
The white mangroves are located at higher elevations than both the red and black mangroves. This type can also be identified by its leaves. The leaves are a light green color, approximately 3 inches in length, and are rounded at both ends. At the base of the leaves you will find two bumps called glands. The glands excrete the salt found in the water like a filtering system.
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Shorebirds Common in Volusia County
Sanderling American Oystercatcher Ruddy Turnstone
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What is Imprinting?
Imprinting is the
predisposition of young birds
to form a strong emotional
attachment with the first
object they see, which is
generally their mother. As a
result the young birds will
follow the parent around,
learning to recognize other
members of their species and
picking up important life
skills.
Young birds have been
known to imprint on
humans as shown in
the picture to the right.
The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 30 Page 111 of 112)
Injured birds can be dropped
off 24 hours a day, 7 days a
week.
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Prepared by D. Leonard Learning Specialist The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College http://www.daytonastate.edu/asc/ascsciencehandouts.html
Questions