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FIRST GREEK READER:

jfor i^t (*ls£ oi Bt^oah.

O^ BY

AKci). H^BRYCE, LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.8.E.

RECTOA OF THX EDLNBtrBOH COLLEGIATE SCHOOL.

Cljirt ^Tiitiou.

LONDON:T. NELSON AND SONS, PATERNOSTER ROW;

EDISBURaH ; AND NEW YORK.

IfDCCCLXXn.

Ik

"^xdRtt.

This volume is at once a Grammar, a Header, an

Exercise-Book, and a Vocabulary. Its aim is two-

fold :

—

First, To give a complete view of the In-

flexions of Nouns and Yerbs, with a careful regard

to simplicity and clearness ; and, Secondly, To supply

a series of interesting and easy lessons in continuous

reading.

In the grammatical part of the work care has

been taken not to overload the text with minutisD

and exceptions, which serve only to confuse and

bewilder the beginner ; but to afford merely the

amount of information considered necessary in a First

Course. The Nouns and Verbs are so arrancred,

that each class of Inflexions is kept separate and

distinct ; and numerous Exercises follow each para-

digm, in order that the characteristics of one group

may be fixed in the mind of the pupil before bis

attention is invited to another The Nouns of the

Third Declension have been classified on a plan

iv PREFACE,

which, it is hoped, will lead to a due appreciation of

the peculiarities belonging to that multiform division.

(See, especially, Appendix, p, 160.)

The Verb has been set forth in one tabular view,

and has been introduced as little as possible in the

earlier Exercises, from the conviction that the method

of teaching it piecemeal, and in a desultory manner,

without any regard to similarity of stem or of mean-

ing, is certain to result in confusion to the pupil and

disappointment to the master.

Adjectives should always be taught simultaneously

with Substantives, and each gender-form by itself,

as suggested in the text (Section II. 6, and III. 8)

;

but to afford facilities for comparing form with form,

and to gratify those Teachers who may prefer the

old mode^ paradigms have been printed in full de-

clension at p. 43, sqq. In the section on the Com-

parison of Adjectives, a new arrangement has been

proposed, which aims at giving simplicity as well as

symmetry to a chapter of Greek grammar hitherto

unnecessarily complicated, and devoid of unity of

principle.

The Rules of Contraction will be found brief,

simple, and comprehensive.* They have been bor-

rowed, with the kind permission of the author, from

* It must be borne In mind, tliat in regard to the Rules of Contraction, of Euphony,

of Accent, <fcc., as laid down in this first coni'se of Greek lessons, all the roinutiw

and exceptions are not glTen; the less common peculiarities belonR to a second

course, or to a systematic and complete Grammar. The principles set forth will- it

Is believed, be found to cover everything required in the use of this volume.

PREFACE. ^

a forthcoming Greek Grammar by the Rev. I)r. Bryce

of Belfost.

The Exercises of Part I. are intended mainly as

a praxis on the Inflexions, and to this end the strict

logical arrangement of the Sjmtax has been entirely

subordinated.* The Rules of Construction have there-

fore been introduced in such order, and to such an

extent, as has been deemed most consistent with the

genei-al plan, and most conducive to rapid progress.f

The sentences, which by easy steps increase in difli-

culty, have been selected, as far as possible, from

classical authors ; but the choice of words and of

appropriate phrases has been veiy much restricted

by peculiar features in the design of the work. The

names of familiar objects, and words of frequent

occurrence in general reading, claim a primary place

in the Vocabulary of elementary works dealing with

a foreicrn lan2aias:e ; and such have therefore been

chosen in preference to more rare and more dignified

terms. They have been largely taken from the

Reading Lessons of Part II., in order that the prin-

ciple of frequent repetition may have as much play

as possible ; and that, when students arrive at the

more difficult task of unravelling complex sentences,

the often recurring faces of old friends may, by

diminishing their difficulties, encourage them onward

• A companion volume to the present is in preparation, which will assume the formsf an Exercise-Book, and in which the Syntax will be the primary object of attentioa

t A brief rtsitme of the Sj-ntaz of Simple Seatences win be foond in the Appendi:£.

PREFACE.

in their labours. Sentences of an abstruse or philo-

sophical kind, such as too often form the staple of

Introductory Readers, have been avoided, as tending

rather to repel than to invite the young. The Eng-

lish portions of the Exercises are meant merely as

examples for imitative practice, and are not intended

to supersede the use of a methodically arranged

Manual of Greek Composition. "Vocabularies have

not, for very obvious reasons, been attached to the

Exercises, but have been supplied at a different part

of the book, p. 164.

It is of the utmost consequence that, in studying

a foreign language, pupils should daily, and from the

very first, make practical use of the principles and

facts which they learn from the Grammar. For such

pi-axis short and easy clauses are, in the earher stages,

indispensable, but it is possible to continue their use

to an unnecessary extent, inasmuch as the power of

a boy to grapple with the difficulties of complex

sentences is by no means in proportion to the time

spent in analysing simple sentences. It has therefore

been deemed prudent to introduce promiscuous read-

ing lessons as soon as the learner has fairly got over

the Parts of Speecli and their companion Exercises.

And thus the Extracts forming Part II. have been

chosen with this view, that, while the pupil's ingenuity

is exercised in the discrimination of mixed grammati-

cal forms and the analysis of compound sentences, his

PREFACE. Vfi

mind may at the same time be interested in the

subject-matter of his task, and his ambition not dis-

heartened by any great syntactical difficulties. In

some of the specimens, a little irregularity of con-

struction is occasionally observable ; but this is of

less consequence than at a more advanced stage in a

youth's progress. Poetry, and detached pieces of

dry historical detail, have, for very evident reasons,

been excluded. To Part II. a few brief Notes have

been added.

The Greek Vocabulary has been constructed on

the principle of giving the primary signification of

each word, even though the word be not found in

that sense in the Extracts ; and of tracing the derived

meanings so far as is necessary to illustrate the differ-

ent instances in which it will be met with. Limited

space, however, has greatly restricted the carrying

out of this idea to an adequate length ; which is the

more to be regretted, since the value of the process

as a mental exercise can scarcely be over-estimated.

The principal laws of Euphony and of Accentuation

have been given in an Appendix rather than in their

proper place, that the period and the mode of their

introduction may the more distinctly be left to the

Teacher's discretion. Those gentlemen, however,

who have charge of large classes, will find it much

more satisfactory to content themselv&s, in the first

place, with thorough driU in the Inflexions ; and,

PREFACE.

when these are once mastered, the doctrine of the

Accent and the principles of Euphony will be acquiped

with comparative ease, and with infinitely less of

confusion in the mind of the young. If the ear be

accustomed from the beginning to the proper accent,

the subsequent learning of the rules will be a very

easy task indeed.

HiOH School of EoiNBURan,

June, 1862.

NOTE.

In the first two editions of this work a slight deviation was made, in the

arrangement of the Cases of Nouns, from the order usually followed. The

change was determined on after mature deliberation, and after a highly satis-

factory trial with a large class ; but at the urgent request of many Teachers

the Editor has been induced to revert in the present issue to the old estab-

lished order. Those, however, who prefer the new arrangement will find

the Nouns so printed at p. 223. This is not the place to enter into the

more subtile arguments, logical and philological, which may be advanced in

favour of the alteration ; for a few of these the student of maturer years

is referred to the preface of Professor Madvig's Latin Grammar, Wood's

translation, second edition. The considerations which will weigli most

with Teachers in adopting the change are those of convenience and mne-

monic utility. It may therefore be laid down, generally, that the more the

forms of Cases are reduced in number, or the more that like Cases are

grouped together, even though not reduced in number, the simpler does

the system of Declension become to the learner. Thus the forms of

Neuter Nouns are acquired with much less difficulty, and retained with

much more ease, than those of Masculines and Feminines, from the fact

that they have really only three Cases,

—

fi'^X-ov, fjiijkov, /liiKt^: for it

mnst be remembered that "a Case is not the word used in a certain con-

Btrnctlon, but the word used in a certain form by virtue of the constmo-

tion ;" and that, consequently, " there are no more Cases in a language

PREFACE. IZ

than there are distinct forms of Cases." Again, in the Dual, in all

Declensions, the advantage of this arrangement is so obvious that it has

long since been adopted by common consent Bat if we fullow this

gronping principle farther, we shall also find it of great service in the

Declension of Masculines and Feminines. Thns, in the First Declension,

it b an invariable rule that the Vocative and Acctiatztive /oQow the Nomir

natioe both in vowel and in quantity ;*—ue., i) and rp in the Nom. have if

in the Voc. and i;f in the Accos. ; d has d and dp ; a and as have a and

or; and, accordingly, in such Nouns as yX&rra and Soâ we shall find,

by the new arrangement, all the Cases with a (5â, Sdâ, d6$iw) by them-

selves, and those with rj (56|i7S, Sifj) by themsetves. In Nouns of the

Third Declension, like /jLorris and Tiix}n, in which the last vowel of the

stem is changed in the Nom., the three Cases (Nom., Voc, and Accus.)

which take ( and i; respectively, are brought together, and those (Gen.

and Dat.) which retain the last vowel of the stem are in like manner

brought together ; as, fidm-s, fjuijm, fidjrri-w; ftdjrre-tin, fidpre-i: *"^x''"*f

rijxu, x^x""'; ''^^"'^j ^^"'- The large class of Adjectives in -vt

(as y\vK^) may be here noticed as adding strength to this argument, and

the two Irregular Adjectives, roXvi and /liyai ; in which, so arranged,

all the irregularities are set side by side, and are thus more easily

remembered. And here it will be remarked, that in the Nouns just

referred to, the beginner has only one change of vowel to recollect, since

the stem (juurre-, yXvKe-, toXX-, fieyaX-, &c) which appears in the Gen.

and Dat. continues throughout the Dual and Plural ; whereas his difiS-

culties are much increased if he is required to chop and change from one

to the other. Syncopated Noims, as fi'^rip, &yfip, kvup, and also words

like Ôi, ypaOs, and patrikeCs, supply similar arguments, which will be

readily appreciated.

Again, when the Teacher proceeds to inculcate the principles and rules

of-Accentuation, he will find that, by this arrangement of Cases, he will

save much labour both to himself and his pupils. Thus, in words accented

like avX^ and <tkuL, the acuted Cases (Nom., Voc, and Accus.) cometogether, and the circumflexed (Gen. and Dat.) together ; and in those

like 7\a>rra, 5ov\oi, H7J\oi>, and ivdfxitroi, the Cases similarly accented

come together, (with, of course, the slight exception in the plural.) Soin the large classes of Notms represented by fiifrrip and &tip (uc,

syncopated Nouns and those with dissyllabic Genitives and Datives),

the Cases (Nom., Voc, and Accus. of all Numbers) which retain the

accent on the radical syllable follow each other ; and those, on the

contrary, which agree in throwing forward the accent on the inflexion

(i.e., the Genitives and Datives of all Numbers) follow each other in

immediate sequence.

* Except, of course, those three claaBes of Noans fai ms. Section IL 6, which baretlie Vocatire in i.

X PREFACE.

Many other arguments, deduced from special cases, might be brought

forward, but it is unnecessary. The observant student will note such

for himself, and the Latin language will supply him with many similar

reasons.

One practical objection may be urged against the proposed change,

namely, that as Lexicons and Dictionaries give the Genitive Case, con-

fusion will be caused to boys between it and the Accusative. But it will

be at once acknowledged that this objection has force only in the case of

those who have not thoroughly mastpred the Inflexions,

—

and of such

there should be none.

%l

€anUntii*

PART I.

THE PABTS OF SPEECH.SBOTun Fmb

L The Letters and their Divisions, ... ... ... ... 9

IL First Declension—Examples and Exercises, ... ... ... IJ

IIL Second Declension—Examples and Exercises, ... ... .~ 18

The Article, ... ... ... .. ... 21

Attic Second Declension—Examples and Exercises, ... 21

IV. Third Declension, ... ... ... ... ... 28

Class I.—Of Nonns— Examples and Exercises, ... ... 23

Present Indicatire Active of Verb, ... ... 24

Class n.— Of Nonns—Examples and Exercises, ... ... 25

Class III.—Of Nonns—Examples and Exercises, ... . 27

Class IV.—Of Nouns—Examples and Exercises, ... ... 30

Class V.—Of Nouns—Examples and Exercises, ... ... 31

Indefinite Pronoun, t«, ... .. ... 33

Interrogative Pronoun, n's, ... ... ... 33

Accus., Gen., and Dat. Cases—Proper Meaning of; ... 33

Class VL—Of Noons—Examples and Exercises, ... ... 35

GassVIL—Of Nouns—Examples and Exercises, ... ... 37

V. Contraction, Rules of, ... ... ... ... ... 39

The Relative Pronoun, ... ... ... ... 41

VL Adjective Nounc, ... ... ... ... ... 42

Class I., ... . ... ~. ... ... «Class II., ... ... ... ... ... ... 47

Class ni., ... ... ... ... ... ... 47

VTL Comparison of Adjectives, with Exercises, ... ... ... 48

niL The Numerals, ... ... ... ... ... ... 53

IX- The Prononns—Examples and Exercises ... ... ... 54

The Dative Case—Various Uses o^ ... ... ... 67

X. The Vert, ... ... ... ~. ~. ... 60

Xii CONTENTS.

Bbctiok Taom

XI. Pure Verbs—Class I., with Exercises, ... ... -.. 68

XIL Mute Verbs—Class II., with Exercises, ... ... ... 7J

XIII. Liquid Verbs-Class III., with Exercises, ... ... ... 79

XIV. Passive Voice, Middle Voice, and Deponent Verbs, with Exercises, 85

Miscellaneous Exercises, ... ... ... ... •• 87

XV. Verbs in -/xi, with Exercises, ... ... ... ... 89

XVI. Irregular Verbs in -j«.i, .. •. ... ... •• 100

PART II.

EXTRACTS FOR READING, &c.

L The Witticisms (of Hierocles), ... ..." ... ... 107

n. Anecdotes of Philosophers, Statesmen, and Kings, .. ... 110

III. Fables of iliiop, ... ... ... ... ... ... 116

rv. Dialogues of Lucian, ... ... ... ... ... 123

NOTES TO PART H.

L To the Witticisms (of Hierocles), ... ... ... ... 141

II. To the Anecdotes, . ... ... ... ... ... 148

III. To the Fables of .£sop, ... ... ... ... ».. 144

IV. To the Dialogues of Lucian, ... ... ... .a ... 146

APPENDIX.Euphony—Rules of, ... ... ... ... ... ... 158

Accents—Rules of, ... ... ... ... ... ... 154

Syntax of Simple Sentences—Synopsis of, ... ... ... ... 156

Third Declension in Latin and in Greek Compared, ... ... ... 160

Contracted Verbs, Table of, ... ... ... ... ... 161

Vocabularies to the Exercises, ... ... ... ... ... 164

General Vocabulary—Greek, ... ... .>» ..• 178

General Vocabulary—Enqush, ... ... ... ... 216

The DfiOLRNsioNS, etc., with tub Casks ts ak Altebkd Oedra, ... 288

Sxigcjtstions to ^tRc^txB WisiriQ tfeis gxrok.

1. The Masculine Nouns of the First Declension should not be

learned till the inflexions of the Second Declension are well known.

2. The Attic Second Declension wiU be better omitted until the

common forms of all the declensions are thoroughly mastered.

3. Let Adjectives be learned simultaneously with Substantives,

and each gender-form by itself, the pupil being always required to

name the substantive-paradigm whose inflexions are found in the

adjective. If the three genders are learned all together, the pupil

is confused in the multiplicity of forms, and the declension of an

adjective becomes to him little more than the repetition of a rhyme,

which must all be gone over before the required part is produced.

The practice of declining an adjective along with a noun is very

useful.

4. Since the Exercises on the Verbs are purposely less full than

those on the other parts of si^eech, it will be advisable that, so soon

as the Nouns of the Third Declension are learned, a small portion

of the verb Xi5« be prescribed daily, till the whole Active Voice is

familiar to the student. The Verb is the great puzzle to boys, and

it is therefore of the utmost consequence that it be learned very

gradually, and impressed very surely. The Teacher will find the

best results follow, if, in declining verbs, the pupils are made to

append an accusative or other appropriate case to each form ; as,

Xi'w rbp iir-rop, I unyoke the horse; XiJeis rhv Ixtop: xuTTei/w r^

ifyeijubn, I trust to the guide ; xurrevofup r^ Tjyefiivt, we trust to the

guide, &c5. The List of Words belonging to each Exercise (see Api)endix,

p. 164, seq.) should be thoroughly learned and frequently repeated

;

and when the class has reached the connected readings of Part IL

the Teacher should continue this vocabulary-practice, by giving to

his pupils, with shut books, now the English, and now the Greek

words of every lesson, requiring in reply the corresponding terms

:

XIV BTTGGBSTIONS TO TEACHEES.

6. And Jie should not only employ each reading lesson as a

vocabulary, but he should also, with books still closed, examine upou

it as to the incidents mentioned, just as he would question on a

section of history.

From these last two devices, which should as often as possible be

practised even in the highest classes, the most gratifying results

have been found to flow :—a large stock of vocables and phrases is

soon acquired, making each succeeding paragraph more easily con-

strued, and providing ready materials for Greek composition ; the

powers of observation are very much sharpened, and even the most

heedless compelled to attend to what he reads, and to analyse the

sentiments of the author ; the lazy and the careless, the prepared

and the unprepared, are at once discovered, and the requisite check

simply appKed.

%S ihr 1

FIRST GREEK READER.

PART I.

THE PARTS OF SPEECH.

SECTION I.

THE LETTERS.

1. The Greek Alphabet consists of twenty-four

letters :

—

U|i(iais.Smallleuen.

Proonn-cUtion.

KasM. Ckpiuk.SiiulU

letten.

Pronan-datiou.

Name.

A a a Alpha. N V n Nu.

B /3 b Beta.1-^

f X Xi

r 7 g Gamma. o o o 0-micron.

A S d Delta. n X p PI

E € e E-psilon. p p r Rho.

Z i z Zeta. 2 o-or? s Sigma.

H n e Eta. T T t Tau.

e e th Theta. Y V u U-psilon.

I I i Iota. <J><P

ph Phi.

K K k Kappa. X X ch Chi.

A X 1 Lambda. <fr ^ ps Psi.

M /* m Mil Q (1) o 0-mega,

10 FIRST GREEK READER.

2. The letters are of two classes, Vowels and CoTir

sonants.

3. The Vowels are seven ; viz.

—

€ o always short

;

t] ft) always long

;

a I V variable,

—

i.e., representing either

short or long sounds.

4. Consonants are either

—

(1.) Semivowels,* X, yu, a/, /o, ? ; or,

(2.) Mutes, TT, A cj); /c, 7, x 5 '^» ^' ^•

5. The Mutes admit of a double classification

;

(1.) According to the organ by which they are pro-

nounced; and (2.) According to the degree of breathing

employed in their utterance ; thus,

—

LABIALS. PALATALS. LINGUAL DUSITTALS.

TT K T Light or sharp.

jS 7 S Intermediate.

4* X ^ Bough or flat.

6. "^5 ^5 ^ are double consonants, being equal

—

\|/' to TT?, /??, <p9 (pronounced as tt?).

^ to /C9, 7?, x? (pronounced as ks).

^ to S9 or crS.

7. Diphthongs are composed of two vowels com-

• A vowel sound has two characteristics :— First, It comes freely in pronunciation

;

and, Secondly, When it is once fonned it can be prolonged. The SciBivowe)s possess

this second property, and hence their name of " ?ial/ vowels." The Semivowels A, /tt,

V, p are also called '^Liquids,"—vypd, t.e., the watery letters, —from the facility with

which they change their position in a word without essentially altering the word, or

diiiguising the proper stem : thus, O-ap-aos is also written 9-pa-a-o<; ; 9-vi^-<TKia (Doric,

$.ra-<TKii>), has its 2 Aorist i6-av-ov : fi'om t-re-s, in Latin, we have t-er and t-er-<»us;

In Scotch, t>-ur-nl and b-ru-nt. Compare in English cent-re and cent-er.

tl28)

FIBST GBEEK EEAUKR. 11

bined together in pronunciation. They are of two

kinds, Proper and Improper, otherwise called

Genuine and Spurious. The first vowel of a Diph-

thong is called the Prepositive, the second the

Subjunctive.

Genuine : et ev oi ov ai av. , . and w

Spurious : rt n^ (f>cov a [rjv)

8. In the Genuine Diphthongs both vowels are

short, and are therefore of eqvxil weight; but in the

Spurious the first is long, and therefore in pronuncia-

tion overbalances the succeeding short, which, in

consequence, is not heard When the Subjunctive of

a Spuiious Diphthong is i, it is written bel<nv its com-

panion vowel (i subscript), except in the case of

capital letters; as, j?, (not iji),—but 'Ht.

9. A vowel at the beginning of a word is marked

with a breathing. The rough breathing (sjriritus

asper), made thus ', denotes that the vowel sound is

to be preceded by the sound of the English h; as,

iiTTo = hupo. The smooth breathing (spiHtiis lenis),

made thus *, merely indicates the absence of the

rough; as, air6 = apo.

10. The breathing is marked over the second

vowel of a Diphthong ; as, avXtj.

1 1 . The letter v at the beginning of a word has

always the rough breathing; and p, though a con-

sonant, is similarly marked, as, p^Tcop = rhetor.

* Observe that the Spurious Diphthongs are made from the Genume by siicply

lengthening tha short Prepositine into its corresponding long; thns, »i becomes p,

and 01, e|> ; ev, rfu, and ov, uu(128) 2

12 FIRST GREEK ERADEK.

12. There are three Genders—Masculine, Femi-

nine, Neuter.

1 3. There are three Numbers—the Singular, used

of one,—the Dual, of two and no mon'e,—the Plural,

of two or more.

14. There are five Cases—Nominative, Vocative,

Accusative, Genitive, and Dative.

15. There are three Declensions. The declension

to which a noun belongs is known by the inflexion

of the genitive singular.

16. There are eight Parts of Speech :

—

SECLINABLB.

Substantive (Noun)

;

Adjective (Noun), in-

cluding Article;

Pronoun

;

Verb.

INBBOLIBABLB.

Adverb

;

Preposition

;

Interjection

;

Conjunction.

,

SECTION II.

FIRST DECLENSION.

1 . The nouns of this declension end, in the nomi-

native singular, in one of the four terminations, t], a,

T]i, ap. Nouns in tj and a are feminine; those in tjg

and ay are masculine.*

* Eyery declinable word may be divided into two parts, the slem and the in-

flexion. The stem is that part which remains unaltered throughout all the cases

and numbers, as avX- in auX-^ : the inflexion is that part which suffers change, as,

-T), -rjs, -a, -OH', -lav, <fec. The Stem of a noun may be ascertained by taking away

the inflexion of the genitive singular,— e.^., from -<rict-as take away -as, and aKv

retnaiiu as the stem ; from avA-^s take away -i)s, and aOA- remains.

FIRST GREEK READER. 13

BIKOPLAB. DtTAI.. PLURAL.

(1.) N. avk-i^, avK-a, avX-ali

a court. rwoconrta. courts.

G. aiJX-^y, avK-alv, av\-oiv^

of a court. of two courts. of courts.

D. av\-rj. avX-aiVf ai/X-af?,

to or for a court. to or for two courts. to or for courts.

A. avK-riVf av\-a, avK-a^,

a court. two courts. courts.

V. avX-rj, avK-a, avX-aly

court. two courts. courts.

2. Those nouns which end in a (Alpha) preceded

by a vowel or p, retain a in all the inflexions.; e.g.—SINOULAK. DUAL. PLURAL.

V. CTKl-aj tTKl-OLi (TKl-aiy

a shadow. two shadows shadows.

G. (T/ci-af, (TKl-aiVy CTKl-WV,

of a shadow. of two shadows. of shadows

D. <JKL-S, (TKl-aiVf (TKi-al^,

to or for a shjidow. to or for two shadows. to or for shadows

A. (TKL-av, (TKl-a, (TKi-ai,

a shadow. two shadows. shadows.

In like manner is declined (rcpdip-a, a ball.

3. But if final a of the nominative be preceded

by a consonant, rj appears instead of a in the in-

flexion of the genitive and dative singular ; as,

—

SINGULAR. DUAL, PLURAL.

(3.) N. kY*y\oyTT-a{oT'yXtc(r(r-o)

a tongue. two tongues. tongues.

G. y\(jyTT-r]^, yXdoTT-aiv, yXoyrr-wy,of a tongue. of two tongue*. tongues.

D. yXcoTT-rj, y\wTT-aiVf yXwTT-aiq,to or for a fOiigue. to or for two tongues, to or for tongue*

A. yXwTT-av, yXwTT-a, yXcoTT-a^,a tongue. two tongues. tongues.

• The Attica preferred tt to aa in words like the above.

t(or) . , . -.

-o), J'

14 FIRST GREEK REA.DER.

4. Masculine nouns in ;;9 and as make theii

genitive^in -ov, but in all other cases are declined

like feminines in t] and a, the y of the nominative

being dropped in the vocative singular :

—

SINGULAR. DUAL. PLURAL,

(4.) N. Te\u)V-r]g, T€\u)V-a, TeXwj/-at,

a toll collector. two toll collectors. toll collectors.

G. Te\(iov-ov Te\(i)v-aLV TeXft)J/-CtiJ/

D. TeKdov-r] TeXdov-aiv reXtoi'-atf

A. TeXcov-rjv re\wv-a reXtoP'-a?

V. Te\wv-ri rekodv-a Te\wv-ai

N. veavl-as, veavl-a. veavl-aif

a young man. two young men young men.

G. veavi-qv veavl-aiv veavi-wv

D. veavl-a veavl-aiv veavl-ais

A. veavi-ay veavl-a veavl-as

V. veavl-a, veavl-a veavl-ai

5. But the following, though ending in -^s in the

nominative, have the vocative singular in -a:—(1.) Nouns in -tj/?, as vavT-t]s, voc. vavr-a.

(2.) National names, as T,Kv6-t]s, voc. J^KvO-a.

(3.) Verbal nouns (compounded of a substan-

tive and verb) which are formed by

adding -tjs to the last consonant of the

verb, as aproTrcoX-fis, a degler i/n bread:

voc, aproTTooX-a, from aproTrcoX-eco.

6. The feminine forms of adjectives, in -ij or -a,

are declined like the substantives given above ; as,

kXsiv^, famous, like No. 1 ; ayla, holy, like No. 2;

Tracra, all, every, like No. 3.

FIKST GREEK EEADEB. 15

7. (Syntax) Rule I.

—

An adjective agrees with

its own substaTitive in gender, number, and case ;

as, ay109 Oeog : ayiai Qeai.

8. (Syntax) Rule II.

—

The prepositions, iv, in,

among ; and avv, together with (Latin, cum), govern

the dative.EXERCISE L

(1.) Tî/* na-^rjv. T^9 avKri<s- T^ iôpri, rj Qtikij.

Ta<s Kopa^. TOO {Ta)'f QrjKa. Tu>v KOpo)u. ttjv o-êi/-

S6vr]v. ai irvXai. t^? (reXj/fi/y. tuiv Kopaiv. ev

rrj (TKtjv^. crvv rrj Koprj. crvv tui^ Kopaig. ev Tai^

'TTvXaig. ev rp fôtyjl' ^^ Taig ^tjXai^. avv ral^

pvfx(pai9. Tas Mz/iâ?. eu rp CXrj. t^? aSeXcprj^.

ro) (ra) aSeXcpd. rrjg ifirj^ a§e\(prjg.

(2.) ^ fjLvia. TO) (ra) fivla. w fivca. rrji' \atav.

TOO (to) 6ea. Trjs (rxiai. t^v âa-iXeiav. to) {to.)

jrapeid. ttiu irfipav. t^9 Ovpa?. Ta^ Ovpa?. avv Trj

OTpaTia. €U TaU Trapeiai^. iv Trj oeîa. ev oeîa.

Twv ayKvpwv. tu^ cripaipa^. t^? crcbaipa^. ev rj/

Trpwpa. ai dupai. Taiv Qvpaiv.

Of the battle. The maidena The (two) maidens.

In the sling. With the fly. With the (two) flies.

The moon {accus.) A ball The ball The (two)

balls. With the balls. In the ball. Of the doors.

The doors. The door's. The doors'. The two

cottages. In the cottages. The two queens. For

the queens. queen ! Of the army. In the armies.

• For the Inflexion of the Article, see under Second Declension ; and for its usca,

consult Appendix, p. 156.

t The Attics generally make tbe nominative and accuaotire dnal feminine of tlie

article tw, and not to.

16 FIRST GREEK EEADER.

EXERCISE II.

(3.) rj oLKUvBa. OLKavOai. TpaireXa. ^ TpaireXa.

r^9 cLKavOrjg, Trjv ykwTTav. Trjv aKavQav. ev t^

rpaTre^rj. Trjs yXooTTrj^. ai uKavOai. Ttjv So^av.

TO) (to) luaTa. T^/^' jmatav. avv rj? MoJcrj;. (rvv

rai<i Xeaivaig. rwv fiat^MV. ev rat? tpairitem's. ev

Trj y\u)TTr]. TU3 (to) ToaTreca. Twv yXooTTMV.

(4.) vavrt]?, 6 vavTf]?. top iroirjTriv. co Troirjra.

To^v vavTcov. T(p vavTt]. TO) TTOirjTa. 01 ZjKvuai. ev

TOis ^KvOai?. avv tw Tiepcrri. w Wepaa. w Tlepcrri.*

TO) 2/ci;0d. ot vavrai. Toi/s oea-TTOTa?. ^KvOa.

2/c(vOa.-f- (Tvv TOi? TToX/rat?. to vavra. tco vavra.

TOV vavTOV. TWV -JToklTOW. TOV oeCTTrOTOV. TOO TToXiTa.

CO TToiXlTa. CO TToXlTd.

Of a thorn. Of the thorn. Of the two thoma

The two thorns. The thorns. The two Persians.

For the sailors. Of the poets. Of the Scythian.

Of (king) Parses. With (king) Perses. With the

Persian. Of the citizen. The citizens (accus.) The

sailors (accus.) The two citizens. For the two

citizens. Along with the masters. O master ! Omasters ! Ye sailors ! poets ! Among the poets.

The table (accus.) The thorns (accus.) Of glory.

The Muses. O Muses ! Ye Muses ! For the lionesses.

The cakes. In the cake. Of the lioness. The two

lionesses.

* Observe that Ilepo-a is the vocative of tlie national name, a Persian; and Utfxni,

of the individual name, Perses.

•f*a In the vocative of masculines is short, but a in the nominative, accnaativOi

and vocative dual is long.

9. (Syntax) Rule III.

—

A verb agrees with its

subject in number arid person; as, vUij ecrri, Oeou ela-i.

10. earl (3(Z sing.) means is; elai (8fZ plur.),

are ; earov (3d dual), they two are.

11. (Syntax) Rule IV.

—

One substantive go-

verns in the genitive another signifying a different

thing; as, fj rrji avXî Oupa.

£X£SCIS£ nL

^ viKtj ear] kXcivi^. rj Oed eorTiv ayla. fj Qvpa ecnriv

evpeta. tj Qvpa t^? auX^?. ^ Oupa Ttj^ avXrjg ecrriv

evpeia. ai Ovpai €i<r\v evpeiai. ai aKavOai eiai ^*]pai.

rj TrJ9 Kopr]^ KOfJ-rj ecTTi âvd^. at Oeai eicri crefivai. jJ

aeXi^vr] €(tt\ (pavepa. ev r^ evpe'ia Qvpa. <rvv raig

Kopai^ Tat^ KoXais. to) w/J.(pa ecrrov aefxva. al <TKt]vai

elcri viai. f] vXij ecm Tpayeia. ev Ttj Tpayeia vXrj.

T] (TCpaipa e<m Xeia. rj Trt'ipa ccttl Kevrj. tj Ttjg Koprj^

irrjpa €(TTi Kevrj. al irapeiat Ttjg Kopr]^ ei(ri \eiai. ev

Tai9 vXais TToXXa/ eicri fivTai. al aKavOal eicriv oêiai.

T] ireSr] ecrri a-Kkrjpa. to) ireBa ecrrov <rK\t]pd. rj e/xri

aSeXcpT] AfaX»7 ecrnv.

The tongue is long. The wood is dense. The

balls are smooth. The two goddesses are wise. The

sailoTS are foolish. The table is beautiful The

master's table is beautiful The poet's purse is

empty. The saUors' wallets are empty. The tongue

of the lioness is parched. The cakes are on the table.

The flies are smaU. The queen's cheeks are pale. The

lioness is in the ploughman's tent. The army of the

Persian (king) is in the wood. The army of (king)

Perses is in the wood. O Perses, the army is at the

gates ! O Persian, a lioness is in the cottage

!

Sailors! the anchor is in the fore-part-of-the-ship.

SECTION III.

SECOND DECLENSION.

1. Nouns of this declension end in the nomina-

tive singular in either -o^ or -ov. Those in -os are

masculine or feminine; those in -ov are neuter.

2. N.B.

—

Neuter nouns have the nominative,

accusative, and vocative, alike in all the numbers,

and in the plural these cases end in a.

SIHOOLAE. DUAIi. PLURAL.

(1.) N. SovX-09, masc. , ^ovk-w. SovX-oi,

a slave. two slaves. slaves.

G. Sou\-ov OOvK-OLV §oi)X-uiv

D. oov\-o) Sov\-oiv SovX-oi^

A. Sov\-ov SovX-u) SovX-ov<}

V. Sod\-€ SovX-oo SovX-oi

SINGULAR. DUAL. PLURAL.

(2.)N.A.&V. m\-ou,}aeut., /xi?X-a), mX-u,an apple. two apples. apples.

G. luriX-ov jUi^X-oiv /U^X-tOJ/

D. IxrjX-w fJ-rfX-oiv liii^X-ois

3. Adjectives whose masculine and neuter end in

-09 and -ov, respectively, are declined like substan-

tives of this declension. The masculine in -09 haa


the same inflexions as ^01^09; and the neuter, the

same as /i^Xov. The feminine of such adjectives,

in -T] or -a, belongs to the First Declension, as already

remarked in Art. 6 of preceding Section.

EXERCISE IV.

(1.) Tou aerov. tw SoktvXo}. Tta oaicTvXu). do

SovXe. Tov oovKov. tw linrui. tu>v oovXwv. tov

linrov. 01 SouXoi. tov Xcvkov "nr-irov. tov k^ttov

01 KrJTTOl. 01 KoXoi KrJTTOl. ACaXo) /C^TTW. TOU? tTTTTOl/?

TOiv Sov\oiv. Toii aerocg. T019 XevKoig aerots. tco

Geu). Tw deip. avv tm Oew. a> Oeog*

(2.) TO Swpov. Swpov. t(£) Seiirvw. to /j.i]\ov.

H^Xa. Ta fjLtjXa. tw ^vpco. Ta ^vpa. twv cowv. to

^yXXa. Toh fi^Xoi^. TOiv ^vpoiv. tov Swpov. w

nrXolov, (o TrXola. w —Xo/o). tw TrXoto). twv oenrvcov.

(Tvv Toh ^vpoh- ^v Tw irXoiffi. avv T019 /jlj^Xoi^. avv

TOtV TtXoLOIV.

The two eagles. With the two horses. Of the

horse. Of the horses. For the eagles. In the gar-

dens. The egga The two apples. The white horse.

The small boat. The white eggs. The eagle's eggs.

The eagles' white egg& The gods (accus.) For the

slave. In the apple. At (ev or iirl) dinner.

4. (Syntax) Rule V.

—

The prepositions avdi uj)

aloDg ; and eis, into, govern tJie accusative.

5. (Stntax) Rule VI.

—

The prepositions avev,

without ; avTi, in front of ; a-jro, away from ; €k {or

' 0«ot (like Deus in Latin) has the Tocatire tbe same as the nominatiTe ; so aisc

^Otx, often, but not alwaya.

20 FIEST GREEK BEADEB.

e^) out of, i.e., from the midst of; epcKa, on account

of ; and irpo, before, govern the genitive.

6. (Syntax) Rule VII.

—

The conjunction Kal,

and, connects words and clauses co-ordinatively.

7. (Syntax) Rule VIII.

—

Since two singulars are

equal to a plural, two singular subjects connected by

a co-ordinative conjunction (kui, &c.) have a verb

or adjective in the plural; as, 6 tTrxo? koL 6 ovoq

yjirja-iixol eiari.

EXERCISE V.

o oouXof Tov yecopyov euTi ttictto^. ol opoi eicrlv iv

Tw TOV larpov /cj/tto), ol Sa.KTv\oi tov avOpcoTrov ftiKpol

€i(Ti. rj yvaOos T>]s Koprj^ icTTi fxaXoK^. ot linroi tov

Kvpiov elcriv ev tvj vXrj. to) ovca ev tw ki^tto) ea-TOV. 6

pcofios TOV deov ecTTLv lepos. al yvdOoi Ttjs 'Ittttov juaKpai

eicri. 6 jnoa"ôg €<ttiv ev tw vaw. rj -âiTt] tov Ittttov

e<TTi oacrela. 6 Kvpios cruv to?9 SovXoig ev tw aypSr

ecTTi. Ta Tfjg oacpvi]^ (pvXXa ecrrt* ^t]pd. ev tw tov

laTpov KTjTTW aiyeipos ccttl XevKi^. tw t^? Koptjg 6(b-

OaXfiw ecTTOv yXavKw. ava Ttjv oSov. et? Tag Â.6^va^.

eK Twv A.6r]vwv. ava Trjv elg Tag ÂÔrjvag oSov. crvv

TW iTTTTw TOV apoTov. ava Tovg aypovg twv yewp-

ywv. ITTTTOg Kai bvog ev TW KrjTTW elcTI.. ITTTTW KOI OVW.

iTTTTOi KUt ovoi. cLva Ta Trjg alyelpov (pvXXa. ck tov

KrjTTOV. aTTO TOV KTJTTOV. CK Tft)l/ (bvXXwV. OV09 KOI

iTTTTog ev Tt] avXrj ei(n. eig uXi/i/ Kai eig cTKrjv^v. KaTa

Ttjv ayvidv.

* In Greek, neuter plurals usually take the verb in the lingular.

FIEST GREEK READER 21

The ass and the lioness are in the hut. The hus-

bandman is foolish. The garden is smalL The gods

are venerable {reverend). The poplar tree is smooth.

The eyes of the girl are small. The slave's wallet is

empty. The husbandman's tables are smooth. The

queen's palace {court) is empty. The girl's voice is

sweet. The girls and their brothers are in the gar-

den of the farmer. The doctor's horse is in the

The two doctors are in the

Into the citizen's court-yard.

Away from the ploughman's

citizen's court-yard,

house of the citizen.

Out of the poet's hut.

hut

8. The article o, jJ, to, the or this, is an adjec-

tive, and differs but slightly from the regular in-

flexions. It has no vocative, and in the masculine

and feminine of the nominative singular and plural

omits the t of the stem. It is declined as follows :

—

8INOT71AR. DlTAl. PLURAL

Masc Fem. Neut Masc Fem. Neut Vaac. Fem. Nent.

N. 6 fj TO TO) *TCO (to) T(a»

01 aif

TO

G. TOV T»79 TOV TOIV TOIV TOIV TWV TWV tSjv

D. Tft) Trj T(C TOIV TOIV TOIV T019 Ta?9 T019

A. TOV TJ/I//

TO TU> TU) (to) tw TOU9 Tayr

Ta

9. THE ATTIC SECOND DECLENSION.

This form of declension is merely a modification

of the more common inflexion, as given in SovXos.

The nouns in -wy are masculine or feminine; those

in -cov, neuter.

• See uote t, page 15.

22 FIRST GREEK EEADER.

8IN0ULAB. DUAL. PLURAL.

N. & V. Xay-wf, masc, Xay-co, Xa'y-ftj,*

a hare. two hares. hares.

G. \ay-u) Xay-ftJi/ Xay-wv

D. Xay-w \ay-wv \ay-Sg

A. Xay-torj* \ay-(o Xay-tof

N. A. & V. avooye-wVfiieut. avcioye-oo avcoye-w

G. avdoye-oD avooye-wp avwye-wv

D. avwye-w avcoye-cpv avcioye-Me

The masculine and feminine of adjectives in -ws

are declined like Xayco?, and the neuter like avM-

yecov ; as tXewy, tXecoj/, propitious.

EXERCISE VI.

OL \ay(p ev tw ayp/p eiai. o Tawg crvv tw Xayrn

€v TO) Tov TToXtrov avcoyeo) ean. ava top koXwv. et'y

TO av(ay€(t)v. e/c tov avwyeca. e/c toiu avwyeutv. to

avwyew ea-Ti fxiKpa. ol koXw vioi elcrl. at KecpaXai

Twv XayZv luiKpai €i<ri. 6 Xedo^ ccttiv ev toIs avcoyecps.

TU) Taw ev Trj a\(p ecTTOv. aw to?? raw?, ol TroXiTai

ev Tft) TOV Qeov vew elai. rj ovpa tov Taw XafXTrpa ecrTi.

r] tov \ayw KepKO^ /3pa-^eia ecrTi.

The peacocks and the hares are in the garden.

The sailor is in the upper room. The upper cham-

bers of the house are empty. Hares are swift. The

two cables are old The cables are in the fore part

(of the ship). The anchor and the cables are in the

* Observe that wherever there is an iota in the inflexion of the common form, like

SovAo9, there is an iota subscript in the Attic form ; thos, nominative plural -oi, in

Attic declension o>.

t The V of tlie accusative is frequently drojjped, especially in proper namep.

FIRST OK£EK EEADEE. 23

prow. The peacocks axe in the fanner's thrashing-

floor. The citizen and the poet are in the upper

chamber of the house. Hares' scuts {i.e., tails) are

short..

SECTION IV.

THIRD DECLENSION.

J . In the First and Second Declensions the stem

of a noun may be easily distinguished even in the

nominative; but in the Third Declension it is so

disguised, by the omission of consonants or the

modification of vowels, that it cannot be known

without reference to one of the oblique* cases. The

following classification groups the nouns of this

declension according to the change which takes place

on the stem in the nominative.^

(I.) 2. The First Class contains those nouns

which Jiave the pure stem in the nominative; as,—SINGULAR. DEAL, PLURAL.

N. & V. Xeifxwv, masc., \eifxo)v-€, Xct/ift>j/-ev,

a meadow. two meadows. meadows.

G. Xet/iftJi/-op Xeifjicov-Oiv Xeifidov-wv

D. XeifjLoyv-i Xeifiwv-otv Xei/jLoo-ail.

A. \eifjLwv-a Xeifiwp-e Xeifxwv-a^

* Tlie accusative, genitive, and dative are called obiique, or dependent cases, because

subject to the government of other words ; the nominative and vocative are called

independent cases, or casus recti, because they are not liable to such regimen.

•f-In reading a Greek author, the problem which a young student is most fre-

quently called upon to solve, in regard to nouns, i^ "To find the nominative from an

oblique case," and not rice versa; and it is hoped that the arrangement of nouns

adopted In the text will render this a comparatively easy task.

X The dative plural ought to be, in full, Ksiiiatv-ui. ; but the letters t, S, B, v w^ere

not allowed to stand before s, and thus it becomes Aeijxwu This principle must ba

carefully itoted, as examples of it are constantly recurring.

SINGULAR. BUAIi. PLURAL.

N. & V. 6vp, raasc, Onp-e, Oijp-ee,

a wild beast. two wild beasts. wild beasts.

G. Or]p-6s Qrip-olv Qrjp-oov

D. drip-l dtjp-oiu drip-trl

A. Qrip-a Onp-e Otjp-ai

3. (Syntax) Rule IX.

—

Transitive verbs govern

the accusative; as, 6 irais rhv crcpaipav pcirrei.

4. The present indicative active of a Greek verb

is declined as follows :

—

Singular, XeiTT-oo,

I leave.

Dual,

XeiTr-ofxeVi

we leave.

Plural,

In like mauner decline e^co, I have.

XeiTT-eis,

thou leavest.

XeiTT-eTOV,

you two leave.

XeiTT-ere,

you leave.

XeLTT-ei,

he leaves.

XeiTT-erov,

tliey two leave.

XecTT-ovaiy

they leave

EXERCISE VII.

Orjpog. Tou Orjpog. Toov ^(fjvoov. too Qrjpe. tou

^^j/ap. Sio^Kei Ta9 ^(fjvai' ^ Koprj SidoKei tol^ x^J'ay.

Tovi -y^vas. 01 vavrai tovs )(^vag oiu>kov(ti. oi O^pes

oicoKovQ-t. T0U9 avdpwnrov^ ev r^ vXri. ot O^pes ev T<p

XeifJiiavl elcTL. ol SovXoi oiwKOVcri tov Qrjpa ck tov

XeijULoovos. fitjvei;. oi jutjves lepot eiai. T(vv Oriptjov.

6 -^v (7VV TOts Orjpcn. ev tm Xeifxoovi ecrri.* aTVO tov

• A singular subject followed, as here, by <ruV, with a noun, may have a plural

verb, 90 that «<7ti may become elaL

JXRST GRFTKK BEADEB. 26

\e//xco»/oy. ^ Kopij SiwKei fiviav am lov Xeifiiaia. it

Tofy XeifiuxTi TToXXal elcri juviai. 6 laTpos top Xayoav

The head of the goose. The wild beast's taiL

The tails of the two wild beasts. The saUor hunts

the wild beast into the hut. The lioness pursues

the goose into the court The Greeks pursue the

Persians into the forest. The meadow is smooth.

We are hunting the peacock up the garden of the

Greek. We hunt lionesses in the forests of the

Scythians. Scythian! the wild beast is pursuing

the girl. The bull pursues the farmer along the

road.

(II.) 5. To the Second Class belong those nouns

which in the nominative add y to the pure stem, as

J7joa)-y, ^pio-og. In many nouns the final y is com-

bined with the preceding consonant into one of the

double consonants, ^ or \|r, as Kopa^ for Kopcucg, yvy^f

for yvTTs.

BIXOULAR. DUAL. PLUKAk

N. & V. VpO}-9, tjpco-e ^pQ}-€Sa hero. two heroes. heroes.

G. r]pu)-o^ f]pU)-OlV rjpu>-(jov

D. tjpw-i fipw-oiv ^p(0-(Tl

A. yjpoo-a = ijpa) ijpoy-e j]pa}-as

N. & V. yv\ir yvTT-e yvTT-es

G. yuTT-os yvT-olv yvir-wv

D. yvT-l yvir-olv <yir\|/-/

A. yvTT-a yuTT-e yvir-a^

26 FIRST QEEEK READER.

6. The accusative singular of the Third Declen-

sion usually ends in a: but when the nominative

ends in -i?, -1/9, -avg, or -ovg, it takes v instead of a;

OS, Ki^, kIv\ i')(Ovî ly6vv\ vav^, va\jv\ jSoi/?, ôvv. Onthis last example, see p. 37, No. 18.

SINGDLAE. DUAL. PLtJRAIi.

(3.) N. i)(6v-s, masc, i)(6u-e, ixOv-es = ix^vSf

a fish. two fishes. fishes.

G. i-)(6v-os l-^Qv-OLV l-Ôu-oov

D. l-Ôv-L I)^6v-01V l-Ôv-cri

A. l-^Qv-v l-Ôv-e lyQv-a^ = i^^vy

V. ixOu i-Ôv-e iy(6v-€S = c-)^6us

N. imv-e, masc. fiV-€, fiv-es = fivs

a moose. two mice. mice.

G. IUiV-69 fJiV-OlV fXV-WV

D. fJLV-i fJLV-OlV fjLV-cri

A. /ilU-V fiv-e fxv-as = imvs

V. fiO fxv-e UV-€S = fivs

EXERCISE Vni.

Tov r]p(i)09. Tov Sfxooa. TO) ijpooe. twv Odocov. 01

uvKT^pe^ TOV 6(00?. Tovs (Tva?. 01 ^^ve? tov yewpyov

ev TU) Xeifxcovt eicri. o 6u>g Kai o cry? ev tw tov lUTpov

Ktjina eicri. 01 ijpcoe? aw T0I9 vavTai? ev Tfj avXrj eicri.

at KOjuai Twv ^pvocov âvOal eicri. 6 i)(6v? ev Ttj OoXoltti^

ecTTi, (Tvv T019 fivai. ava tovs juvKTijpai tov julvo?.

yuTrep crKXrjpoi eicri. rj yXuiTTa tov yvTrog Tpayeid

€(TTi. 01 yvire<s Kai 01 Kopatce? ev Ttj vXtj elarl. eig

KopuKa? !* 01 /ut.vpjUL}]Ke9 elcri cro(ôi. at TTTepvyes tov

* This is a kind of imprecation, like our " Go, be lianged." Compare the Latin

phrases, Abi in malam partem: Abi in tnalam crucem : Paste corvM.

FIKST GREEK. READKB. 27

KopaK09 Kal at rov yviro? ficucpai elai. ai (pXeê^

Tov (TKvXaKog eiai Kevcu. ol vavrai /xa-âipa^ eôvai.

Jackals are fierce. The citizen hunts the jackal

out of the garden. Two vultiu-es are chasing the

geese up the meadow. The girl is chasing a mouse

throuo-h the court. We hunt wild beasts in the

foresta He crops the vulture's wings. The girls are

chasiDg the flies away from the bread The two

gh-ls are cutting the flies' wings. {King) Perses is

pursuing a jackal in the forest. The farmer's

daughter leaves the bread in the hut. The mice are

eating the loaves. The citizens are pursuing the

thief.

(III.) 7. In the Thied Class are included those

nouns wliich have the final vowel of the stem length-

ened in the nominative ; as, ttoijul^v, from stem iroifxev-

as found in the genitive, Troi/nev-os.

SINGULAR. DVJlL. PL1TKAL.

N. &V. iroifXTjv, masc, TTOifjLev'e, iroiixev-e^t

a shepherd. two shepherds. shepherds.

G. TTOLfieV-O^ -KOifiev-oiv iroifxev-Wi/

D. 7roifJ.ev-t TTOlfXeV-OlV TTOifie-a-t

A. TTOifiiv-a TTOifxev-e irot/xev-as

Note.—But nouns that have not the accent on

the last syUable of the nominative have the

pure stem in the vocative ; as, Sai/juov, voc.

Salfiov;

prjToop, VOC. pnrop.

(128) 3

28 FmST GREEK READER.

8. To this class belong syncopated nouns like

traTrip, which throw out e in the genitive and

dative singular. In the dative plural a is substi-

tuted for €, but is placed after the p, and not before

it:—-

8iirauL4.B. DUAL. PlitJRAL.

N. ^i.r]Trip,

a mother.

firjT€p-€

two mothers.

lurjTep-e^

mothers.

G. lut.t]Tp-6s {f^OT /J.r]Tep-os) firjTep-otv HirjTep-wv

D. fjLt]Tp-L (for fxrjrep-i) IXr}T€p-OlV /ULr]Tp(X-(Tl

A. fxrjrep-a fJir]Tep-€ jxrjrep-a^

V. ixrirep /J.t}T€p-€ fitjrep-e^

N. avrip* masc,a man = Latin, vir.

avSpe,

two men.

avSp-€i,

men.

G. av-S-p6i avSp-oiv 6.vSp-S)V

D. av-S-pl avSp-oiv avSpd-a-i

A. au-S-pa (for avepa) avSp-e avSp-ag

V. avep avSp-e avSp-ei

In Kvcov, masculine or feminine, a dog, the syncope

occurs in all the cases except the nominative and

vocative singular :

—

SINQULAR. DUAIi. PLURAL.

N. KVCOV, Kvv-e KVV-€S

a dog. two dogs. dogs.

G. Kvv-6s KVV-OIV KVV-0)V

D. KVV-i KVV-olv KV-<Tl

A. Kvv-a Kvp-e Kvv-ag

V. KVOV Kvv-e Kvv-es

* It often happens that /ii or v is, by the omission or transposition of a rowel,

brought Into contact with another liquid. Such a combination of sounds was very

disagreeable to a Greek ear, and to avoid it, a consonant kindred to the first of the

two concuiTlng liquids was inserted, for the sake of euphony. Thus, after the labia]

FneST GBEEK KEASER. 39

9. Some nouns combine the peculiarities of classes

II. and III.; thus, aiSwg, gen. aiS6-og, stem aiSo-,

sense of shame, both adds -9 to the stem, like ^jpw^,

and also lengthens the last vowel in the nominative,

like iroiiJ.rjv. So likewise aXojTri/^ {i.e., oXcaTrTjKs),

gen. aXw-n-eK-og, stem aXwTre/c-, a fox; and all adjec-

tives in ->7?, as <Ta(pT]g, aXriOrj^, &c.

EXEECISE IX.

o Tov avSpoi av-î]v /raXoy e<m. ^ dxcvr/ Ttji atjSo-

vog ^Seid €(TTi. 6 yir^ t^v ar]S6va SiwKei. tov tP]?

Kopt]? avyeva BavixaXoo. to. /ULrjXa eh Ttjv tov Troi/ULevog

TTijpav piTTTei. 01 TToi/meveg avv T019 yeiToai ev tm\ei/i«j/i eicTi. 6 TOV TTOifxevo^ kvwv crocbog ecrri. to)

TTOijueve avv Toig Kva\ ev tm tov Secr—oTov Kr/iru) eicrt.

6 Kvcov SicoKei IJ.VV ava tt]v yîova. r] KaXrj TpiT]prjg Ttjq

âaiXelag ev tw Xifxevi eaTi. al tov avSpog Kopai

vij-mal elcTi. at Kopai avv Taig /J.rjTpda-i koi toIs

iraTpaai to.'} •êXioova's Oav/JLatovai. rj KepKog T^y

aXu)TreKO(f oaaeid eari. too dXwTreKe ev Ttj tov iroi-

/uevos a-Kr]vr] earov (or elai). ev tw Â.6T]vdg veco

Kioveg eiai ttoXXoi. 6 tov ttoXitov yeiTcov dXtjO^s

earn (piXog.

The shepherds admire the pillars in the temple of

the god. The shepherd's daughters persuade their

(i.e., the) father. The swallows leave the house.

The queen admires the beautiful triremes. There

ft, iS, another labial, was inserted; as, yofi-t-po^, yofi-poi, yofi-^poi, 3l ton-in-latu

while after the lingual v, S, another lingual, was used; as, av-i-poi, iv-poi, avS-pof.

So from num-e-r-ui, the French nom-b-rt and our num-&-<r; from ^ren-e-r-M (from

yentu) the French gtn-r-t and our gtn-d-tr.


are two beautiful triremes in the liarbour. In Athena

there was a beautiful temple to Athena. The girl

writes in the snow with a rod. The poet writes

letters. The girl throws apples into the poet's

cottage. The shepherd wonders at the bushy tail

of the fox. The two shepherds are shearing the

sheep. The dogs are hunting mice in the farmer's

garden.

(IV.) 10. The Fourth Class includes those nouns

which drop the last letter of the stem in the nomi-

native. Most members of this class end in a, and are

neuter :

—

SIKQULAR. PXTAL. PLURAL.

N. &y. Hevo(poov, masc, «

Xenophon.

G. ^evoipoivT-o?

D. ^€VO(pU)VT-i

A. ^€vod)U)VT-a

N. A. & V. cTMiua, neut., crco/jLar-e, (TWfiaT-af

a body. two bodies. bodies.

G. (TCOjUaT-OS CrC0/UL(XT-OlV aQ)fidT-ooi>

D. o-co/uaT-i crcojudr-oiv (Tco/xa-cri

11. Some nouns combine the peculiarities of

classes IV. and III. ; thus, Xecou, gen- Xeo'j/ro?, both

drops the final r of the stem, like lEevocpwu, and also

lengthens the last vowel, like ttolixtjv : stem Xeovr-,

with T dropped, Xeov-, and with o lengthened to w,

Xeoow

SIKSULAR.

N. Xecov,

a lion.

G. Xeojn--09

D. Xeorr-i

A- \eovT-a

V. Xeov

DUAL.

Xe'ovT-e

two lions.

\e6vT-oiv

XeovT-oiv

\eovT-e

\iovT-e

PLURAL.

\eovT-e(!

lions.

\eovT-<av

Xeov-ai*

\iovT-aq

\eOVT-€S

So also adjectives and participles like rvTrrcoVf

except that tvittoov and other participles have the

vocative in -foi', like the nominative.

EXEECISE Z.

TO Tov /cuj/oy (rcofia ev tm irorafiw ecrri. €k tov

apfiaro^. ei'y to apfxa. to. t^? âXoTTi;? KvfiaTa fxaxpa

€ITTl. €V TOl<S T^? BoKaTTrj^ KVfXa(TL. flieVO(pWVTO<S

ayaXfjLa kuXov ev tw oikw tov iroirp-ov ecrri. "yaXa

TToKi/ Kal fieXi ev t^ tou TLepcrqv (TKrjv^ eicri. ava to,

j8i7/iaTa tou vaov.

rj ')(aiTt] TOV XeovTOi Saareid icrri. yepovre^ eicri

£ripoL TO TOV ap'ôvTO'i iStj/ma ev tw vaw eari. ai

Kofxai Twv yepovToov XevKai eicri. tco tou ap-ôvTog

VTTtjpeTa ev tw ap/xaTi eicri (or ecrrov). tw VTrrjpera

ev T(p TOV apyovT09 apfxarl elai.

* A syllable is called long, either when itivcncel is naturally long (ij, u, a, <tc.), orwhen

tvco consonant* (not being a mule and a liquid) follow a vowel naturally short. Thus, in

the datire plural, Xiovr-ai, the second syllable, -ovro--, is long, since o (though short

in itself) is followed by three consonants; but as neither t nor v can stand

before ?, both of them are thrown out, and the word is reduced to Aeo<rt. In this

form, however, the syllable (-orro--), formerly long, has been reduced to -oo--, which

is short ; and, to compensate for this, the o is changed into Its kindred diphthong -ow,

so that Ae'ocrc becomes A«ov<ru Similarly, nouns whose stem ends in -«t make their

dative plural in -<i<Tt; and those in -avr in -a<Ti^ Tlie same change is seen in

i&nk, a tooth, from stem hiovr- ; and icTet'?, a comb, from stem icrev- : and in participles

in -«is, as Tiflet's for rifle'iTs. This principle of compensation is of very frequent

occurrence in Greek, and the application of it explains many forms otherwise in-

cizplicable.

32 FIRST GREEK READER,

The men leave the bodies of the lions in the

woods. The queen admires the lion's mane. The

mane of the lion is shaggy. The steps of the

altar are steep. The boy eats much bread and

honey. The tents of the Scythians are white.

Xenophon leaves the land of the Persians. The

master orders his {i.e., the) servants. The girl eats

bread without honey. The Scythians eat much

honey. Because of the lion. We admire the eyes

of the girl. You admire the nightingale's voice.

(V.) 12. To the Fifth Class belong those nouns

which drop one dental (r, S, 6, v), or more, before s in

the nominative; as, iraig (for 7rai-S-s), iraiSo^', yiya^

(for yiya-vT-^), ylyavro's :

—


N. & V. XajUTTcig, fem., XajULirdS-e, Xaixird^-e^

a torch. two torches. torches.

G. Xa/uiTrdS-og \afi7rdS-oiv Xa/inrd§-u)v

D. XajU7rdS-i \a/ii7rdS-oiv Xa/ULTrd-cri

A. \a/ii7rdS-a XafXTrdS-e XajUTrdS-ag

N. & V. opvi<;, m. or f

,

opviO-e opvid-es,

a bird or fowl two birds. birds.

G. Opvld-09 opviO-oiv SpvlO-cov

D. opuid-i opvi6-oiv opvi-cri

A. opvi6-a,oropviv* opviO-e opn6-as

13. Masculine adjectives, like /txeXa?, black, and

participles in -ay and -eis, belong to this class

:

* Words which end in a dental have two forms of the accusative if the accent ia

not on the last syllable; but if it be, aa in aanrii, a shield, the accusative has onl;

one form, iunrCSa, not acnriv.

FIBST GREKE EEADEB. 33

also the indefinite pronoun r/?, any one, a certain

one; and the interrogative t/?, who, which, what.

Indefinite pronoun, t/?, t/?, t/, a certain one:—SINGtlXAR.

Fem.

TlV-6<i

TlV-l

Masc.

N. r/y

G. TlV-Oii

D.

A.

TlV-l

Tiv-a

Kent

Ti

Tl V-O'5

TlV-lI

Tl

Masc

TlV-€

TIV-OIV

TIV-OCV

TlV-€

DUAL.

Fem.

TIV^

TIV-OIV

TlV-OlV

TlV-e

Neut

TlV-e

TIV-OIV

Tiv-oiv

TlV-€

Masc

N. Tiv-eg

G. Tiv-<av

D. Tl-<Tl

A. Tiv-a?

PLURAL.

Fem.

TlV-i'i

TIV-U)V

Ticr-i

Tiv-as

NeuL

Tiv-a

TLV-WV

Tl(T-L

Tiv-a

Interrogative pronoun, r/p, who, which, what

:

—Masc.

N. t/?

G. Tiv-09

D. TlV-C

A. Tiv-a

SINGULAR.

Fem.I

TI9

TlV-09

TlV-l

Tiv-a

Kentt

TLV-O^

Masc.

TlV-e

TlV-€

DUAL.

Fem.

Tiv-e

Neat.

TlV-e

TIV-OIV

riv-€

Max.

N. TtVe?

G.

D.

A.

TIV-WV

Ti-ai

Tiv-a^

PLURAL.

Fem.

Tiv-e^

Tiv-af

Neut

Tiv-a

14. It may be stated, generally and loosely, that

the accusative case is used to indicate raovement

towards, or movement along; the genitive, to express

the source, or origin, or jplace whence; and the

dative, to denote proximity, or nearness, or jiucta-

position. Hence the preposition Trapd, beside, or by

the side of,

(a) When governing the accusative, signifies

motion towards (to the side of, or by the side

of, i.e., parallel to); as, Trapa tov Kiova, (mov-

ing) towards (the side of) the pillar ; irapa

TOP TTOTa/uiov, along by (the side of) the river.

(b) When governing the genitive, signifies mo-

tion from beside; as, irapa tov Kiovog, from

beside the pillar.

(c) When governing the dative, signifies rest at

the side of, near, or with (apud); as, Trapa

T(p Kiovi, (in a po.sition) beside the pillar.

15. The preposition Kara, when governing the

accusative, signifies along, or down along; when

governing the genitive, down from.

16. ^u means I luas; or he, she, it was. ^(xav

means they were.

EXERCISE XI.

cv To5 Xe^rjTi fieXi ^v yXvKu.* ol Xe^tjre^ tou I'eo)

XafiTrpot rjcrav. oXKaSet TroXXai ev tw Xtfievi ^crav.

rj T€ acnrh Koi rj Kopv^ tov rjpooo^ viai elcri. at Xafi-

TrdSei <Tvv roig Xe/Srjcri ev tw tov KpiTOv Sojulw ^crav. 6

T-aFf TOV avuKTOs ev tw tov yiyavTO^ airrpo) ^u. to

U)6v T^9 opviOoi iv Trj dcnrlSi ^v. at pive^ to)v TraiSoov

* On the declension of v^vfus see next class, VI.


fiiKoai ei(Ti. iraiSe? riveg (r(paipav piTrrovcri. at

vXaiuLvSei Twv Ileocrwf KoXal fjaav. ol twv oovKoov

Tpij3(DV€^ fiiXaves eicrt. SovXo^ T/y nvv SiooKei. iravreq

01 TracSe?, /cat nracrai at Kopai, avv roi^ Trarpaa-c koi

rai"? aSeXcbac^, ev tw Trapaoelacp eicri. ol tov avaKTog

odoirreg XevKol fjcrav. Kopa? Tivag ev tw tov avaKTOs

K^TTip fiXeTTOfJLev. irapa tov vew /Salvei. irapa tov

Kiova âivovcTL Troifxeves Tive^. rj crcbaipa irapa Tta

KLOvi ecTTi. Sea-TTOTrjs T19 SovXov^ e-êi ttoWovS' Ti'y

eaTiv 6 avT]p\ Tiva tov Kiova /SXexe/?; ttov ecrriv 6

Trai"? j Tôv eia-iv ol ai/a/cre? ; ttoi/ rjcrav ol Xe^tjTeg ;

Tii'ag TTOifxevag Xiyeis',

From -beside the temple. To-the-side-of the

temple. The slaves have black cloaka A certain

judge had («xe) two faithful slaves. In the temple

of a certain god there were beautiful caldrons. Whatpoet do you speak of ? Whose asses do you see 1

The girls are plaiting their hair. The master strikes

his slave with* his shield. Two merchant-men of-

some-kind (xi?) are sailing into the harbour. Hesees a (ceiiain) torch in the court. Which key has

the slave? What shield has the warrior? Whatball are the boys throwing ? Who is king of the

Persians ? From what port do the merchantmen

sail for Greece ? The king is hunting a hare along

the sea (shore).

(VI.) 17. The Sixth Class embraces those nouns

* WWi is not to be translated here by aw, but by the datire (iiutraniental) of

thanoxm.

in which the final vowel of the stem is changed in

the nominative ; as, rerô-f for rei-ê-?, gen. re/ye-o?;

yXvKv-s for yXvKe-?, gen. ^Xv/ce-o?. The substan-

tives in -09 of this class are neuter.

SINGULAR, DTTAl. PLURAl.

N. iu.dvTi-9, raasc, /xdvre-e, juavTe-eg = fidvreii,

a prophet or 8eer. two prophets. prophets.

G. yuai/re-ft)?* fiavre-OLV fxavre-uiv

D, frnvre-i = jULavrei /mavre-oiv fidvre-cn

A. fiavTC-v fiairre-e fiavre-a^ = ixdvrei^

V. fxavri fiavre-e fxavre-e^ = [xavreis

SINGULAR. DUAL.

N. A.&V. TeZ;>ô -9, neut., rel-ê-e = rei-^t],

a wall. two walls.

G. T€i'ê-09 = Tel-ôvg rei-ê-OLv = Teiyolv

D. Tel-ye-L = Tcl-êi Tei-ê-oiv = rei'ôiv

PLURAL.

N, A. & V. relye-a = re/p^?/

walls.

G. rei-ê-wv = Tei-^wv

D. T€i^€-cri

EXERCISE Xn.

o TreXe/ff? o^v^ ecm. top jSapvv TreXeicvv Oav/uidt-

ofxev. Tu>v TraXaiwu fxdvrecov Seipij ^v rj Svvafiig. tov

Tov fxavreo)^ Trcoycova Kelpovcn. to alfxa kutu tov

Xeiov TreXcKVv pet.

TO Tfj(f TToXecog Tec'ôi fiaKpov ^v. Kara tov opovs

âivei TTOljULiJU Tig. TOV TOV '^€PO<p(i}VTOS vlov SlSdcT'

Kei 6 cro(picrTt}9- ava to tov vaov Tciyôs /fop^Xta? Tig

* Substantives of this kind usually take the Attic genitive in -vk, bat a^Jectires

retain the simple -ot, as r)S4-ot.

eoTrei eig to aarrv (pevyei 6 navTi<;. ocpiv Tiva he

Tov acrreog SiwKOva-iv oi TaiSei. /J-epo^ ti Ttj<s TroXeoo^

SrjXov ^v. TO fiaxpov arrjOos tov avBpwTrov Oavfiatei

6 oyXoj. 6 TTOifxriv 6d>iv Tiva ava to opo^ epirovra

SXcTrei. vaov Tivo? tov opocpov ev Ttj tov opeog

Kopv(hi] ^€7r€i 6 TTOifii^v. TO î(p09 Bapv €(ttc. TTapo.

TOV Kiouo^ (bevyei 6 Xayoog. oi Traioe^ Tas acpalpa^

irapa to) klovi Xenrovci. 6 kvoov ttjv opviBa (or opviv)

irapa tov Kiova SiwKei, rj Se eh oikov Tiva (pevyei.

(VII.) 1 8. In the Seventh Class are ranged those

nouns which have the diphthong av, ei/, or ov, before

• the final y of the nominative. The v of the diphthong

represents the obsolete letter F (Digamma) vocalized;

thus, ôvg for ôFs, Hke Latin bos for bovs, h6v-is.

In declension the v disappears before vowels, but ia

retained before consonants, and at the end of the

word ; thus :

—

BmOXTLAJU VVAL. pitnuL.

N. ôvq, m. or £, ^0-6, ySo-ey = (ôvi)y

an ox or cow. two oxen. oxen.

G. ô-6^ (bd-v-is) fio-olv ^0-S)V

D. ô-t (bd-v-i) Ô-OIV ôv-o-'l

A. ôvv /8o-e (fi6-a<s) /8ou9

V. ôv B6-€ ^6-e<i = (fiovi)

N. âariX-evi, masc.. âcri\e-€. /Satr/Xe-ey, -e/y.

a king. twoUnga. kings.

G. âcriXe-w^ â(TiXe-oiv âariXe-iev

D. I3aa-i\e-ii â(Ti\ei âa-iXe-oiv âtTiXeva-i

A. â(ri\e-d 3a(riXe-e /3ao"tXe-dp, -e??

V. 8acri\-€v /SatrtXe-e /8ao-/Xe-ey, -cfj

1 9. N.B.—In the Third Declension, the a of the ac-

cusative singular, and the -a? of the accusative plural,

are short ; but in nouns in -evs they are generally long.

20. ou or ovK means not.

TTov means where, interi'ogative.

Tov, with acute, or without accent, means

somewhere, anywhere, indefinite.

€Kei means there.

ivOdSe means here.

EXEECISE Xm.

6 âa-iXevg icm (refivo^. S âaiXev, ttov ecrriv >j

âcrlXeca'^ 6 vofiev^ koi 6 lepevs ev tw t^j ypaoi Krj-

TTft) ^(rav. at Tlepcrai tov^* âaiXea^ (âcriXeifi) 6av-

fxdôvcri. 6 vofxeug ei*? tov âcriXea eTricrroXriv ypdcbei.

01 vofxei^ evOaoe €i<ri. f] tov âcriXecos Kopt] eKei ecxTi.

TTOV elcriv ol lepetg', ôvv aypiov oi vofxei^ SicaKOvcriP ei^

TTjv v\t]V. TOV jueyav ôvu Oav/ndtei ^ ypav^. rj vavg

OVK riv ev Tw Xijuen. €Kei r/crav ol iTnreis. Tovg nrireag

ivOdSe Xelirei 6 CTTparijyo^. 6 POfievs crvu tois ôvcri

€v tS> \eiû)vl TTOV û. Trjv fx.€ya\t]v ôvv ea-Qiei 6

Xecav. fj Kopr] tov^ yoviaq (yovecs) euOdSe XeiTrei. tu

Kepara tov ôos juuKpa ecrTi. oi a-TpaTiwTai Ttjv ye-

(bvpav (pvXaTTOvcn.

Old-woman I why do you run to the city ? Tlie

shepherd pursues a gazelle into the wood. The force of

habit is great. The horseman's chest is broad. The

old-woman writes a letter to her daughter's child.

• The article is often equal to the possessive pronoun, so hero we translate tov?

their.

PIBST GBEEK RKAOWR. 39

Thft barber shaves the king. Wliere are the eavah^

of the king 1 The king's ship is here in the harbour.

The horseman pursues the shepherd out of the city

towards the mountain. The prophet sees a cei-tain

portion of the city. Where were the boy's parents 1

The two priests are somewhere in the city. The two

boys are throwing balls down the mountain. The

giant stalks down fi-om the mountain towards the

sea. A certain man had a black dog.

21. Besides the seven classes above enumerated,

there are a few in-egular nouns, which cannot be re-

duced to any class. They will be found in the

Grammar, or will be met with in the course of

reading. .

SEGTiON V.

CONTRACTION.

1. When two vowels (belonging to different

syllables) meet ip the same word, they are usually

(in the Attic dialect) combined either into a diph-

thong or a long vowel. This is called Contraction.

The meeting of two vowels is called a concursus.

2. Gekeral Rule.—The foi^raer Tneniber of the

concursiis absorbs tJie latter; as, €ap = ^p; aeKwv =cucwv; TifJ-Tjev = Tifx.t}V.

Exceptions.—(1.) Two vowels that can form a

diphthong are contracted by synceresis,—i.e., by simply removing the diccresis; as,

iral's = Traisi ^aa-iXii = jSaaiXei ; Ai/roi' =»

A.tp-01.

dO FIRST GREEK READER.

(2.) Two short vowels, if identical, are con-

tracted into their kindred diphthong; if

not, into -ov; as, ^acnXe-eg = ^aa-iXeis;*

ai§6o9 = aiSovs; (jyiXio/Jiev ~ (piXovinev ; St]-

XoCTe = 6r]\0VT€.

(3.) e before to, and a before o orw, reverse the

rule; as, (piXeoo = (^tAco; Tt/uidofxev = Tifiw-

jitev; Tijuaco = TifiS),

3. Special Rule.— When the latter member of

the concursus is a diphthong, its prepositivef unites

with the former member, and its subjunctive with

the result, i being subscribed; as, Tifxdeig = rifias;

TlJUI.doifA.1 = TllXWfXl.

Exceptions.—(1.) ov after a drops its subjunctive

;

as, Tijui.aov(Ta = Ti/ii(iocra', Tifxdou(n= TifX(io(ri.

(2.) o before a diphthong expels the preposi-

tive and unites with the subjunctive; as,

orjXoei = ot]Xoi ; StjXor] — StjXoi.

(3.) 6 before a diphthong disappears; as, (pi-

Xeei? = (jyiXecs ; (piXiovaa = (piXovaa ; (pi-

Xerjg = (piXrj^.

4. In the Third Declension

—

(1.) Nouns like i-x9v9 (Class II.) contract in the

nominative, vocative, and accusative plural.

(2.) Nouns like niavris (VI.) contract in the

dative singular, and nominative, vocative^

and accusative plural.

* But <e sometimes make >). t See Section I., 7.

»

FIRST GBEBK READEE. 41

(3.) Nouns like reiôg (VI.) contract in all

cases where two vowels meet.

(4.) Nouns like iSaaiXevg (VII.) contmct in the

dative singular, and nominative, vocative,

and accusative plural.

(5.) Nouns like l3ovs (VII.) contract in the nomi-

native, vocative, and accusative plural.

5. (Syntax) Kule XT—The relative agrees with

its antecedent in gender, number, and person.

The relative pronoun, o?, ^7, o, ivho, which, thai:—SINGULAR DUAL. PLURAL.

Masc. Fem. Neut Masc. Fem. Neut Masc Fem. Nent

N.rr

COrf

arf

CO OlIf

atrf

a

G.9

OV OV OIV aiv OIV cov cov wv/pi f T T •? T ?

D. CO n (JO OIV aiv OIV Ol<! ai? Of?

n rf ef et ef r»

A. OV rjv o 60 a W 01/9 a? a

I EXEECISE XIV.

TO, Trjg iroXecog Tei-^rj v^^riKa ecTTiv. oi o(pei<s ra

oprj XeiTTovcn. Kara rrjg tov opov^ Kopvcprj^ Oeovcriv ol

TTOifxiveg. at /ewe? o^f /SXeTrei? \ayoi)v ava ra aXarj

Siu)KOV(Tiv. €v Tw op€i, o Oau/xctêre, 6(p€is eial ttoWoi.

i\6vs Tiva^ /caXof? ev tw iroTafiw, o? ava to aX<ro?

pel, /3\eirov(riv ol TraiSes. rj acpaipa tjv pnrTeig yjivari

eo-Ti. veavlag ng ttoWo. êXrj eêi. ra ')(eiXr] t^?

Koprji oi}jQ)d ecTTLV. yjivawg ioTiv 6 TreXe/cu?. -^vaoi

eicriv 01 xeXe/ca?. o jSacriXevg toi/? fxavreig* ireidei.

* The accusative plural of the Third Declension contracts like the nominativo

plural, contrary to the Rule ; thus /lojTtas should become /tamp bjr the Generiil

Uale, bat it 1b actoallj contracted into /laKtcit.

42 FIKST GKEEK READER,

Ta fi^Xa a ea-Oio/mev ev /nepiji tlvi toO aXiJovs evplcxKei

6 oovXos. Toijg ToO yeoopyoO /Sovg 6 tov yeiTovog

Kvoiv eK rod -^oprov SiooKei. ev re tois aXa-ecri koi

BaOecri tcov vXoou avQrj eari iroXXa.

Some parts of the city are visible. The weapons

of the soldiers are bright. The parents of the boy

write to the king. The lips of the girl are white.

He admires the white lips of the infant. The slave

shaves the horseman's beard. The horsemen whoare descending from the mountain are throwing their

javelins against the lines of infantry in the plaiiL

There are many wicked men in the city.

SECTION VI.

ADJECTIVE NOUNS.

Adjectives may be divided into three classes:

—

(1 .) Those which have three forms, one for each

gender; as, arefxvog, masc; a-ejULv^, fern.;

cre/jLvov, neut. : evpvg, masc; evpela, fern.;

evpv, iieut. To this class belong all par-

ticiples.

(2.) Those which have two forms—one for the

masculine and feminine in common, and

one for the neuter ; as, a-uxppoov, Tnasc;

auxppoou, fern. ; <Tw<ppov, neut. : aXt]6>i9,

masc; aXtjOrj?, fern.; aXtjOes, ne-ut.

(3.) Those which have only one form for all

genders ; as, apTra^, masc ; apira^, fern.

;

FISST GREEK KEADEB. 43

apTra^, newt.: ixaKap^Tnasc.; fiwcap, fern.;

IxaKapt neut

2. In adjectives of three forms, the feminine is

declined like substantives of the First Declension ; and

the masculine and neuter like those of the Second or

Third, according to termination. Thus, o-e/x»/os {thosc.)

is declined like SovXo9 ; o-e/xi/jj {fern,.) like avXri ; and

cre/jLvov {neut.) like ^l^Xo^: evpv^ (masc.) is declined

like "TTtix^î or âpv^ (p. 44) ; evpeia, like <TKid.;

and evpu (neut.) like acrru {neut), or âpv (p. 44).

3. Adjectives of two forms, and those of one form,

generally belong to the Third Declension ; except

such as end (1 .) in -0)9, as tXewy {masc. and fern.) like

Xaycog, and 'iXeoov like avuyyecov ; or (2.) in -oy, as

aXoyo^ (77iasc.and/em.) like ôi/Xo?, and a\oyov{neut.)

like /u^Xoi'. But participles in -w?, as rervcpcog (masc.)

and rervcpo^ {neut), belong to the Third Declension;

while the feminine, re-rvcpvia, belongs to the First

CLASS I.—THREE FORMS.

8INGUJLAR.

Masc. Fern. Neut

4. N. cr€/j.v-6s,

Tenerable.

a-e/jLV-^ (renv-ov

G. (Tenv-ov crejULv-tj^ <Tefxv-ov

D. (refjiv-w arefjLv-^ (Tefiv-w

A. <T€/J.V-6v (Tefiv-^v (Tefxv-6v

V. a-efiv-e a-e/Mv-^ aefiv-ov

DUAL.

N. A. & V. (re/JLv-u) aeixv-a crefiv-w

G. &D. (re/xv-oiv (refxv-aiv <T€JULV-OlV

(128) 4


N. & V.

G.

D.

A.

N.

G.

D.

A.

V.

N. A. & V.

G. &D.

N. &V.G.

D.

A

N.

G.

D.

A.

V.

Masc.

crefiv-ol

crejuv-wv

a-efjt.v-0i9

aejULv-ovs

Masa

heavy.

/8ajO-eo9*

âp-ei, -€i

âp-vv

âp-v

âp-ie

âp-ioiv

(3ap-£eg, -eis

âp-eoou

âp-ecrc

âp-eaî -ei^

PLURAL.Fem.

(T€flV-ai

(TejULV-SlV

SINGULAR.Fem.

âp- eia

jSap-elas

(3ap-eca

âp-eiav

âp-eia

DUAL.

âp-eia

jSap-eiaiu

PLURAL.

I3ap-€iai

âp-eiwv

âp-elaig

âp-elag

BINOULAR,Masc.

âpieig (for|^

XaplevTs)f fbeautlAiL

âplevT-os

âpieuT-i

âplevT-a

yaplev

Fem.

âpteacr-a

)âpie(r(T-r]i

âpieacr-rj

)(ap[ecrcr-av

yaplecrcr-a

Keui

ae/JLv-a

(j-e/xv-a

Neut

jSap'V

âp-eo9

âp-e'i, -ei

/3ap-v

fiap-v

I3ap-ee

âp-eoiv

âp-ea

jSap-cMv

/3ap-icri

âp-ea

Neut.

âplev

yaplevT-09

âpievT-i

y(api€v

âpiev

• Adjectives have the genitive in -eos, but substantives, as jrijxWi 'n -b«s. Neutera

however, Mice ao-rv, very seldom take -ewj.

t See note to declension of Aewv, p. 31.

FEBST GBEEK RKADKR. 45

Kent

âpievT-oiv

Masc. Fem.

N. A. & V. •âplevT-e yapiecrcr-d

G. & D. -âpievT-oiv -âpiecTCT-axv

PUJRAL.

N. & V. âp/evT-ey âplecra-aL

G. âpievT-wv j(api€(ra-a)v

D. -âplecr-i •âpiecrcr-ai^

A. yaplevT-a^ yapLe(T(T-a<s

5. Like yâpUi^ are declined all participles in -e/y,

-€?flro, -€V] as, TiOeiSi TiOeicra, riOev; except that (1.)

In participles the vocative masculine is the same as

the nominative ; and (2.) The dative plural has -eicru

not ecri*

âpi€VT-a

âptevT-wv

âplecr-i

•âplevT-a

SIHGULAR.

Masc. Fenj. Neat

N. & V. Tray,

every, alL

iraar-a Trav

G. •jravT-oy •jracr-i/y iravT-o^

D. iravT-L •7ra(7-ij iravT-l

A. iravT-a Tracr-av

DUAL.

Trav

N. A. &; V. TravT-e nrdcT-a TrdvT-e

G. &D. iravT-oiv irdcr-aiv

PLURAL.

irdvT-oiv

N. & V. TTctirr-ey Tratr-ax iravT-a

G. iravT-wv 7ra<T-<ov TrdvT-wv

D. Tracri 7racr-aig iracrt

K A. xaiT-ay irdo'-as TavT-a

^" participles in -ay, -aa-a, -av ; as, o-ray, aracra, crrav;

• See note to declension of Xagv, p. 3L

4G FIRST QEBEK KEADER.

Tu'xp-a?, ru\^ucra, Tu\j/av. The masculine belongs to

Class V. (Third Declension), the neuter to Class IV.,

and the feminine to the First Declension, like aaavOa.

The adjectives ttoXv^, much, and nieyas, great, are

irregular in the nominative, accusative, and vocative

singular, masculine and neuter.

SINQULAR.

Masc Fem. Nent.

N. TTOX-I/?,

much, many.

TToXX-^ TTOX-J

G. TTOXX-OV TToXX-rji xoXX-ou

D. TTOW-W TToXX-fj TTOXX-W

A. TTOX-VV TToXX-l^U TToX-U

V. TToX-U TTOXX-I?

PLURAI..

TToX-V

N. & V. TToXX-ol TToXX-al TToXX-d

G. 7roXX-S)p TTOXX-WP TToXX-ftJJ/

D. TTOXX-OIS TToXX-aig TTOXX-OIS

A. TTOXX-OVS TToXX-as

SINGULAR.

TToXX-a

Masc. Fem. Neut

N. fiey-as,

great, large.

fjieydX-ri fiey-a

G. jueyaX-ov [j.eydX-ri<i fieydX-ov

D. fieydX-w fieydX-rj fxeydX-w

A. fxey-av fieyaX-rjp fxiy-a

V. fiey-a fieydX-t]

PLURAL.

uey-a

N. & V. fieydX-oi fxeyaX-ai fieydX-a

G. fxeydX-cov jueyaX-cou fieyaX-cop

D. fieydX-ois fieyaX-ais fxeyaX-oii

A. fi€yaX-ovs lULcydX-as [xeydX-a

FIKST GREEK HEADER. 47

CLASS II. TWO FORMS.

SINGULAR.

Ma3C. and Fern. Kent

7. N.true, genuine.

a\t]6-€i

G. a\r]6-eo9, -ovg a\T]6-€09, -ovg

D. a\r]6-€i, -€i aXt]6-€i, -€t

A. aXtjO-ea, -rj a\t]d-€s

V.

DUAL.

aXt]6-€S

N. A. & V. a\r]6-ee, -rj aXtjO-eCf ->}

G. &D. aXrjO-eoiv, -oip

PLURAL.

a\j]B-ioiv, -oiv

N. &V. a\t]6-€€S, -€IS a\t]6-€a, -t]

G. a\r]6-ecov, -wv aXr]6-€0)v, -wv

D. a\r}6-eai a\t]0-€ai

A. aXrjO-eai, -eii aXt]6-€af -rj

8. Adjectives like cruxppwv are declined, in ma.s-

culine and feminine, as substantives of Class III.

(Third Declension) ; and their neuter in -ov, like

acocppov, as those of Class I. Those in -09, -ov, are

of the Second Declension, and are regular. AH those

of other terminations may be easily referred to their

proper classes.

CLASS IIL—ONE FORM.

9. The adjectives of this class require no paradigm.

They are almost all of the Third Declension, and

may be readily referred to their proper classes. Thus

IxoKap, fxaKap-og, belongs to Class I. of substantives;

(pvyds, cpvydSo9, to Class V. The great majority of

one-form adjectives have no neuter.

SECTION VII.

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.

1. Genekal Kule.—To form the comparative

and superlative degrees add -repos and -raTo?, re-

spectively, to the simple stem of the positive; as,—POSITIVK. COMPARATIVE. SUPERLATIVE.

fxaKup fJLaKap-Tepo9 fiaKap-Taroi

fieXas (stem fxeXav) fieXdv-Tepos /JLeXdv-raToq

<piX-os* <plX-T€poi (piX-Taroi

yepai-o? yepal-repos yepal-Tarog

2. Exception.—But adjectives in -vs retain the

substituted vowel of the nominative^f* {i.e.,

V instead of e, as in yXvK-e-og; see Class

VI. of substantives, Third Declension^)

;

as, yXvKv-i (for 'yXv/cey), yXvKv-repo^

yXvKV-TaTOS.

3. Some adjectives insert a euphonic or strength-

ening syllable between the stem and the comparative

termination :

—

(a) oj is inserted when the last syllable of

the stem of the positive is long ; as,

—

* *iAos lias four forms : (^lAwrepos, (jiiKaCnpo^, ^iXuav, and that given above.

t Most of the peculiarities wliich are observable in the addition of the comparative

terminations to the radical syllable of the adjective are also found in the formation

of compound words ; thus, as we have yAvK-ii-repo?, and not ykvK-e-repoi, so we And

W-v-Aoyos, not rjSe-Koyoi • and aar-v-vonoc not aor-e-vo/itos. See following notes.

) Compare the compounds pi^-o-rdjMOf, \oy-o-yp6.<f>os, A«ir-d-ra{tt, &C.

FEBST GREEK READER. 49

KOV(p-0^ KOV(p-6-Tep09 K0V(p-6-VaT0S

(re/jLv-69 (re/j.v-6-Tepo^ (refiv-o-raTO^

(/8) w* is inserted when the last syllable of the

stem is short; as,

—

(ro<p-6s (ro(^-w-T€po^ <ro(p-w-TaTOs

aî-os aî-w-T€pos aî-d>-TaTOs

eTTivapi^, (stem ) , , , ,

, ' > eTTi-âpiT-w-Tepoi eiriyapiT-to-TOTOi

7rop(pvp€OSi TTopcpvpe-fo-Tepos, Tropcpvpe-w-raTO^,

contracted contracted

Topcpvpovs TTopcpvp-co-Tepo^

(y) aif is inserted; as,

—

êrr-os fiecr-ai-Tepos

(plX-os (piX-ai-Tepos

ôrn^-oy âv)^-al-T€pos

(S) A few insert s, or -e?, or -19-,1 as,

—

a\r]6i^9 aXijOe-tr-Tepoi aXtjQe-cr-TaTO^

(TUXppou-ecr-Tepog a(a<ppov-i(r-raT09

a(pOov-ecr-T€po?y a(p6ov-€(r-TaTOs,bat also bnt also

acpOov-co-Tcpo^ acpOov-co-TaTOs

X(i\-i<r-Tepos XaX-tV-TaTO?

iropcpvp-uhTaros

^lea-al-TO.TO'i

(piX-ai-Taros

(Twcppaiv

a<p6ov-os

XdX-og

* Compare the componnds bpt-u-KOfio^, Kpe-a-vuXrii.

t Compare the compoands î«<r-<u-in>Aios, iutXax-ai-itov%.

X Compare the compounds <jaxt-<r-ij>6poi, ipi-a-fiioi, opi-a-rtpoi, Oi-a-^xtns,

Kau-a-annoi, <})<o-a-^>6poi, ^xp-cV-ÛK, \i.it-«T-rivu(>, oix-'-^TTS- Some scholars

consider the -at- and -co-- in snch forms as iiev-ai-rtpot and <rwf>f>ov-&r--nf>o^ to he

double comparatives, and they think the germs of these syllables are readily fbtmd

In Sanscrit (see Jelfs Greek Grammar, L p. 130). Bat it is not easy to explain

how a comparative or snperlatiTe termination coald find a place in sach compoand

noons as those given in the notes above. Whatever the oriyiit of the syllables -at-

and •CO'- may be, it seems evident that they were used in the compound* and the

tamparatna for the uune purpcte. The objections to the Sanscrit theory are numy,

bat this is not the place to advance them.

Also, -âplei^ = -âplevT^, makes yapie-(r-Tepoit

j(apie-(r-TaT09, the v and t being thrown out before ?,

and compensation (see note, p. 81) being neglected, as

in the dative plural (see declension of ^âpieig, pp. 44

and 45).

4. Some adjectives add -iwv and -la-rog to form

the comparative and superlative; as,

—

aia"v-p6s aia")(-lo3V aicr-^-KTrog

KaX-69 KaX\-i(i}u KoW-ia-TOi,

in which last the final X of the stem is doubled.

6. Tliis mode of comparison is used principally by adjectives in vt; but many of

tliese hare also the other terminations, -repov and -Taro?.

6. The comparative and superlative notions are

also expressed by joining the adverbs fxaXKov (magia),

and fjLaXiarTa (maadme), with the simple adjective;

as, 6vt]T09 juaXXov, more liable to death.

7. The following list contains those irregular

comparatives and superlatives which most frequently

occur :

—

COMPARATltE. SUPERLATIVE.

/ afJLeivcov, neut. a/xeivov, cpicrrog

/SeXTfCTTO?

KpanerTog

Xwcrro?

KaKicrrog

yelpioTog

rjKKTTOg

juaKpoTaTOi

fiVKKrrov

070^09, nood, '\ ,

^X

KOKog, had,

HOKpog, long, •{

i(i}cav

KaKiwv

"êpeicov, or êipcev

t)<rau)V, or tjTTWv

fiaKporepog

jjLr]Kioov, or /JL)]<r(T(au

FIRST GEEEK BEADER. 51

OOHPARATITB. SrPKRLATIVB.

fiiKpoi,

fiiKporaTos

eAa^fCTTOS'

TrXeFcTTO?

patrro?

fieyicTTO?

{ juiKpoTepos

J iXdacrwv

I fieidiv

TToiXvs, much, TrXeioov, or TrXetov

paSio9, easy, pacDv

fieyag, great, /JLelôou

8. The preposition a/ticpl means on both sides of,

around, about. It governs the accusative, genitive,

and dative, but in prose, most usually the accusative.

9. (Syntax) Rule XI.

—

The comparative degree

governs the genitive of the object with which com-

parison is instituted; as, yXvKicov fxiXiros, sweeter

than honey.

EXERCISE XV.

o vlog fxeitoov ecrr) tov irarpo^. ^ Kopt] kuXXkav

ecTTt T^9 fXT}Tp6g. ri âcrlXeta TXrj/ULOvetTTaTt] eoTi

iracrwv yvvaiKwv. rj 6ea crejULvoTarr] ecrrtv. ra a/ui(pi

Ttjp K()C)fMt]V opt] vyp-tjXoTaTa ecrrtv. 6 Xecov OapcrvTcpog

can TOV Oooog. ol oprvyeg rag ovpas ^payyraTag

eVOVCTlV. rj lf€pK09 TOV TQU) XajHTTpOTaTT] eCTTlV. T}

yecbvpa evpvrepa ecrrf Ttjs ooov. fj ooos evpvTepa

ecrrl Ttjs yeSvpag. tj Xeaiva aypicoTepa sctti tov

XeovTog. 01 Kvveg cocbdoTepoi eicri twv ôwv. Ta

TOV laTpov ^vpa oPvTUTa icrriv. Ta jutjXa ev tw

I

TOV âaiXewg kj/ttw yXvKVTaTO. icmv. iv Trj vXrj, t^

Tpoi Tft) TTora/xw, TrXeFcTTat ârav cuyeipoi. Tig eaTi

cro<pu)TaTog ttolvtoov ; TroTepog ecrrt crocpwTepos', rj

(jyiîmt] aXt]6eaTa.Tt] earlv. 6 iraig XaXlcrraTog ecrriv,

I


ai crroXai. Tfjs ejutis firp-po^ yapiea-TaTal eicriv. to

Xwcre Sco/fjOares/ fieXdvraroi oi ^IvSol Koi SeiXoraTOi

elcriv. 6 ^aOvTarog virvo^ t^Slctto? ea-riv. pacou t/?

icjTi KOI ^pa-^Tepa Trpos to acrrv oSo^.

Through* the city there flows a very beautiful •]-

river. My father has some very ferocious dogs.

Which of the rivers is the deepest ? All the boys

are striking at the largest ball. The army of Cjirus

was very great. The waves of the sea were very

long. The slaves carry very light wallets. The

wallets of the slave are lighter than those of his

master. The army is guarding a very narrow

bridge. The crane has a very long neck. The

wine is very old. The master is teaching a very

ignorant boy. The boys and the dogs are pursuing

a very savage bear into the thickest part of the

forest.

SECTION VIII.

THE NUMERALS.

1. The Numerals are in reality adjectives. The

two principal classes are the Cardinals and the

Ordinals. The first four Cardinals are declinable, but

from 5 to 100 they are all indeclinable. The

Ordinals, however, are regular adjectives of three

forms.

* Ala, through, gorerns sometimes the accusatire, but more usually the genitive.

In this case use the genitive.

t Use the superlative degree.

FIRST GREEK READKE. 53

eU, ONE. ova. TWO.

Maae. Fern.

N. eig /JLia

NeatI*

€V Sv-o (for all genders)

G. ev-69 A"a? €V-6g Sv-oiv

D. ev-l fiiat 1

€V-l Su-oiv

A. €va ixlav ev Sv-o

UasG.

rpeti , THREE.Fern. Neat

N. Tpeiq Tjoefy rpla

G. TjOtftJl' TpiWV TpiSiV

D. TpKTL Tpia-i Tpicri

A. Tjoer? Tpeig Tpla

Tetraapeg, FOtTR.

N. Teacrapeg Tecrcrapeg reaaapa

G. Tecrtra^v recra-apwv Teacrapwv

D. ria-aapcri riacrapa-i rea-crapa-i

A. Te(T(rapas T€<T(rapas reacrapa

Like elf are declined its compounds, oyê/y and

fitjSelif no-one.

CAKDI5AL3. ORDIKAIfl, MTJLTIl'LICATlTBS.

1. e!?, Ai/a, ev,

one:

nrpurrog,

flnL once.

2. û'o Sevrepos 8lg

3, T/3e?y, T/ae??, Tpla TpiTog, rplg

4. TecTcrapeq Teraprog TerpoKis

0. irivre TrefiTTTog TrevTOKig

6. ?f e/CToy eÔLKlS

7- cxTa e^Sofiog eTTTOKig

8. O/CTfO oySoog OKTOKig

9. evvea twarog iweoKtg

10. êica êicaroy SacoKii


OABDIKALS.

1 1 . evScKa

1 2. ScoScKa

20. e'lKocri

100. eKarou

1000. x'^'ot

10,000. Atu^iot

ORDINALS.

evSeKUTOg

SdoSeKUTOS

eiKOCTTOi

eKaTocrroi

^iXiocTTog

fivpiocrroi

For the intermediate numbers, see

mar.

SECTION IX.

PRONOUNS.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

MtTLTIPLIOATIVBa

evScKOiKii

SooSeKOLKCi

eiKOcraKis

sKaTovaKi^

fxvpiaKi^

Greek Gram-

SINOULAR. DUAL. PLUKAL.

1. N. iyu), VU)f ^M^h,I [ego]. Ire twa we.

G. ifiov, or fXOV, 1/60 1/, ^yttWP,

of me. of us two. OfUSL

D. ifioif or fiol, V(fV, fifllV,

to or for ma to or for us two. to or for UB.

A. e/ue, or fxiy VUI, tjfMaSy

me. us two. na.

BINGULAH. DUAIi. PLtriUL.

N. 0-y, er(f)(o. vfxeii,

thou [tu}. you two. you.

G. aov (Tcbtav vfiijov

D. (rot crdywv VjUlV

A. ere ar(pco

SINQITLAR. DUAL. PLURAL.

N. (TCpeig

G. ov [sui] acbcov

D. oT [sibi\ (r(pl(ri

A. e [se] (r(pas

FIRST GEEZK READER, 55

2, The parts ixe, /xov, /xol^ ere, crou, croi, oi, and

(r(p[<Ti, are enclitics (see Appendix, on Accents) ; but

the emphatic forms, efiov, &c., retain their accent.

ov and e are non-Attic, at least in prose.

3, The pronoun airro? is a regular adjective like

(T€fiv6s (p. 43) ; except that (1.) The nominative and

accusative neuter end in -o, not -ov (see oy, p. 41) ;

and (2.) The vocative is wanting, avTos serves as

the adjunctive pronoun ipse, in the nominative case,

and when joined in agreement with a substantive;

but when it stands alone {i.e., without the ai'ticle or

a substantive) it answers to is, ea, id. 6 avro^ is

equal to idenn.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.

4, The possessive pronouns are formed from the

personals, and are regular adjectives like a-eixvoi

(p. 43).

SINQXn.AR. PLURAIi*

Masc. Fem, Neat Masc Fem. Neat,

ifXO^, efxri, €fx6v, ^lii€T€p-09, -a, -OV,mjr, miue. our.

fo'?, arj, (TOV, v/xerep-o?. -a, -OV,

thy, thine your.

(S^,*n

OV,) <T(peTep-09, -a, -ov.

his. their.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS,

0. These pronouns are compounded of the accusa-

tives singular of the personal pronouns and the

oblique cases of avros {self). From their peculiar

meaning and use they can have no nominative,

* The genitive of avros is gensrally used instead of tliis possessive.

SINGULAR. PLUEAL.

Masc Fem. Masc. Fem.

G. efiavT-ov,

of myself.

-mof ourselves.

-«1»

D. efxavr-w '^ fj/xlv avT-ois -aJ"?

A. e/xavT-ov -rjv jjyua? avT-ov^ -a?

Masc. Fem. Masc Fem.

G. a-eavTov,

ofthysel£

-^?j vjuoov avT-oov,

of yonrselvea

-ft) J/

D. creauTft) -V i^^cf'i' avT-ois -ar?

A. creavTov -rjv vfxag avT-ovg -a?

Masc Fem. Neut Masc FCTH. Neut

G.

orhimselt herselt

-ov

itselt

eauT-cot' -cov -ft)!/

D. eauTft) -V -ft) eavT-oIs -aFy -oFf

A. eauTov -nv -O eauT-ovs -ay -a

Observe, (1.) That the first two reflexives have

no neuter; and, (2.) That theu- plurals are made up

of two words. (TtavTov and eavrov in their several

cases often abbreviate into aavrov and avrov, &c.

6. The EECIPROCAL PRONOUN, aWrjXov^, 0716 an-

other, has no singular and no nominative case.

DUAL, PLUEAL.

Masc Fem. Neut. Masc Fem. Neut

G. aW^Xoiv -aiv -OIV oXkrfKuiv -ft)l/ -ft)!*

D. aXKr]koiv -aiv -OIV aXKrfKoL^ -ai<s -CIS

A. aXXjjAft) -a -ft) aXkrjkovs -as -a

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.

7. The demonstrative pronouns are, ovtos (gener-

ally equal to iste), oSe, ^Se, roSe (equal to hie), and

FIEST GEEEK READER. 67

eKeivo?, r], o (equal to ille). The article o, ^, to waa

originally a demonstrative ; avrog is sometimes a

demonstrative. Besides these, there are too-o?, %ov, TorrovTog = tantus ; TOiog, roiovrog = talis, &c.

N.

G.

D.

A.

SISGXTLAB.

Masc Fem. Kent

OVTOg^ aUTl] TOVTO

TOVTOV TaVTTJS TOVTOV

TOVTO) TaVTrj TOVTtp

TOVTOV TavTTJU TOVTO

SVAL.

Masc. Fem. Neat

TOVTCO (TaVTO.) TOVTW

TOVTOIV TOVTaiV TOVTOlh

TOVTOIV TOVTaiV TOUTOlh

TOVTCO (ravTo) tovtco

Masc

N. WTOl

G. TOVTCOV

D. T0VT019

A. TOVTOVS

FLUBAL.

Fem.

avTai

TOVTCOV

TavTaig

TouVa?

Neut

Tavra

TOVTOfV

TOVT019

Tavra

see8. For the indefinite and interrogative tis

p. 33 ; and for the relative 09, see p, 41.

9. The Dative case denotes,—(1.) The individual (person or thing) to

which anything is given or communi-

cated.

(2.) The individual (person or thing) which

is benefited or injured in any way.

* Learned men differ as to the oriein of this pronoun, but one thing seems plain,

that the first part of it is the article 6, ^, to. It will be observed, that, like the

article, it loses t in the nominatire singular and plural, masculine and feminine

;

and that whererer the article has the rowels o, w, or the diphthong ov (in the mas-

culine and neuter forms), this pronoun has -ov in its first syllable ; and that wherever

the article has a, ij, or the diphthong at (in the feminine forms), oStos has -ou in its

first syllable : as, tok {aceus.), tovtov ; Tr)v, rauTrpr. The only part of the feminine

which has tovt-, as its first syllable, is the genitive p'ural, because the genitive plural

fcminine of the article is tvv, not ray or rijv.

C3,) The cause why something is done ; the

manner or circumstances in which it

is done ; the instrument by which it

is done, or the agent by whom it is

done.

(4.) Belief in, or obedience to.

(6.) Intercourse with, whether friendly or

the opposite.

(6.) Likeness, or eijuality, or coincidence.

(7.) The place where.

(8.) The time when.

10. When the subject of a verb is a personal

pronoun, it is seldom expressed, except when particu-

larly emphatic, as when one individual is to be put

in strong contrast to another.

11. fxev (which in derivation is connected with

the first numeral, eT?, iJ.la, 'iv) means, (1.), In the first

place; (2.), On the one hand ; (3.), For my {thy,

his, &c.) part. It is answered by §€ (connected

with the second numeral, Svo); which means, (1.), In

the second plxice ; (2,), On the other hand ; (3.), Onmy (thy, his, &c.) part.

EXERCISE XVI.

ejia juev (pevyco, crh Se StooKet^. ere Oaufidtco. ^uei^

/j.ev QaviJ.aCpiJ.ev avrov, vju-ei^ <5e ov Oavjudt^re. 6

SovXoi TTjv Kofitjv fxoi Ke'ipei. 6 veavia? Trpos tov

eavTov Trarepa eTriCTToXrjv iri/j.-jrei. ol cTTparicoTai

aXXijXoi'? KeXeuovcriv. 6 Tralg irevre imrjXa e\e'. ti

TOVTO €<TTi\ Tavra /mev cru Oavjiidteis, CKelva oe eyw


t] Kopr] (jTecbavov riva eavrrj TrXe'/cet. Tavrt] rt] tjfJ-epa

01 "EXX^yi/e? rag 'AdTjvag ov Xeiirovaiv. 6 /cXeVT»79 tov

vpvaov €v Tp vXj7 KpvTTTei. 01 TToXiTcu KciKov Tiva

(TTCipavov Tw ^a(ri\ei irXeKOva-iv. ^fia^ fiev ireiOeif

avTov Se ou. ravra T019 avrov fxaOrjrai? oioaarKei.

SdoSeKci eicri finve^ tov* eroy?. ra 'EXX^ywica ypafifia-

TO. eiai Teacrapa Kai eiKocrt.

I indeed (Jot my part) admire him ; but my father

{does) not. The boy strikes the ball with his hand.

The slave strikes the dog with a large stone. These

things are beautiful. The soldier wounds himself

with his sword- On the same day the Persians send

ambassadors to Athens. The wild-beast bites the

boy with his teeth. The master hasf twenty-five

slaves. In the tenth month he writes a letter to

the king. On the third day the king sends ten

ambassadors to Athens. The farmer catches twenty-

five hares in one day. The farmer has seven horses,

and nine asses. The king is friendly to us. I per-

suade my dear father with my words. With these

words the daughter persuades her mother. We two

are guarding our father's house. The two of us are

plaiting a wreath for our mother. The slave is

hiding our slings for us. My father is friendly to

the good. J

• The article is often used in a distribuiive sense; as, toC fXTjvot, erery mo/UK, ie.,

by the month ; toC erovs, every year, ie., in each year.

t Or, There are to the master twenty-five slaves ; the verb ccfu' being used witli

tile datire, as turn in Latin.

t The substantive is often omitted in Greek, as in Latin, the adjective standing

alone.

(128) 5

60 FIEST GKEEK EEADEK.

SECTION X.

THE VERB.

1. There are two Conjugations of Greek Verbs

—

(1.), The First, in which the first singular present

indicative ends in -to; (2.), The Second, which ends

in -/XL.

2. Verbs in -w are divided into three classes

—

Pure, Mute, and Liquid, according as the last letter

of their stem is a vowel, a mute consonant, or a

liquid. Thus, Xv-oo is called pure; Xey-w, Tfiute;

and /xeV-co, liquid.

3. The Greek Verb has three Voices—the Active,

the Passive, and the Middle. The middle voice has

always reference to self, signifying what one does,

or gets done, for or in reference to himself. It thus

holds a TYiiddle position between the active and the

passive.

4. There are six Tenses, three of which (the Pre-

sent, Future, and Perfect) are called principal or

leading tenses; and three (the Imperfect, Aorist,

and Pluperfect) are called secondary or historical

tenses.

5. It will be noticed that each leading tense has

a corresponding secondary, which takes the same

stem, and has a certain connection in meaning.*

Thus :~

* The more advanced student should consult on this subject Donaldson's " Craty-

lus," p. 662, second edition.

MBST GKEEK KK^VDEE. 61

IXADISQ.

ypady-u) ypdy^-co yeypa(p-a(jpresenl). (future).

SECONDARY.

(perfeeO.

e-ypa(p-ov e-ypay^-a i-yeypa<p-eiin.

(imptrfecf). {aorist). {pluperfect).

6. There are jive Moods—the Indicative, Svh-

jinidive, Optative, Imperative, and Infinitive.

7. There are three Numbers

—

Singular, Dual, and

Plural.

8. In conjugating a Greek verb, three kinds of

ciianges must be attended to :

—

(1.) The termination is varied.

(2.) In the secondary tenses a prefix is added.

(3.) In certain tenses the radical vowel is

modified.

9. The first and third of these changes are best

learned by practice in conjugation ; but the second,

Mhich is called the augment, requires a detailed

explanation.

10. The principal varieties of augment are as

follows :

—

(1.) When a verb begins with a consonant, e is

prefixed; and as this letter forms a

syllable in itself, it is called the syllabic

augment; as, ypdcp-oo, €-ypa<p-ov.

(2.) When a verb begins with a short vowel,

the initial letter is changed into its

corresponding long ; and as the time

(tempus) or quantity of the syllable is

thus lengthened, this kind of increase


is called the temporal augment; as,

Exception.—But e-^^w, I have, and some

other verbs, change e into €i\ a.s, im-

perfect eiyov.

(3.) When a verb begins with a proper or

genuiTie diphthong, the augment is

made by changing the proper diph-

thong into its corresponding improper;

as, alrew, ^reou (^tovp).

Note.—When a verb begins with a long

vowel, or an improper diphthong, no

change takes place.*

1 1 . Verbs beginning with a single consonant, or

with two consonants {provided they are a mute and

a liquid, with the mute first), take, in the perfect

and pluperfect, the initial consonant, together with

the usual syllabic augment; as, ye-ypacp-a. This is

called reduplication.

Note.—But if a verb begin with an aspirate,

the corresponding Light is used in the

reduplication; as, cpiXeo), Tre-cplXtjKa, not

(pecpiXrjKa.

* There are numerous peculiarities In the verbal augment, which will be found at I

one view in any Greek Grammar, and which will be introduced in the afler-part of

tUa work, as occasion may require.

I

FIRST GREEK READER. 6S

SECTION XI.

CLASS I.-PURE VERBS.

1. Pure Yerbs are the most simple in their con-

jugation. They have no second aorist, nor second

[erfect. But observe,

—

(1.) That most pure verbs insert y in the

first aorist, perfect, and pluperfect

passive.

(2.) That those in -aw, -em, -ow, contract con-

current vowels in the present and

imperfect. But dissyllabic verbs in -ecu

contract only ee and eei into et ; as,

TrXe-ei^, xXeZ?. The concursus eo is

not contracted ; as, TrXeojuev.

(3.) That those in -eoj and -aco make the future

in -r]<ra>', and those in -ow, in -uktoo.

But there are many exceptiona

iJbserve (1.) That the indicative adopts short vowels in its inflexions,

while the snbjunctive takes long ones, and the optative diphthongs ; as,

\v-€-T<» (indicative), Xv-ij-toj' (subjunctive), XiJ-ot-TOP (optative.)

(2.) That each leading tense and its corresponding secondary have astem peculiar to themselves. The letter pointing out the tense, andending this tecondary stem, is called the " tense characteristic ;" thus, it is

the tense characteristic of the future, "KChC-u, and of the first aorist,

i-\v-c-a, and k (or in some verbs d) of the perfect and pluperfect. WhileXu- is the stem proper of the whole verb, \v(t- may be taken as a second'

wry stem of the future and aorist 1, and XeXur- of the perfect

(3.) There is also a special termination for each person ; and thus wehave several elements in one verbal form,

—

e.g., in "Kv-ff-oj-ftep (first aorist

subjunctive), Xi/- is the stem, ff the tense characteristic, <o the modal (mood)owel, and fiep the person ending. A careful distinction of these will

be of much service to the student in learning the Greek verb.

PUREThe student will observe that Xu-, the radical syllable

marked. The double line indicates a

ACTIVE

INDICATIVE. SUBJUNCTIVE. OPTATIVE.

Pres.— (I am loosing, <fcc.)

S. \v-ia, -eis, -ei

D. —, \v-eTov, -erov

P. \ij-ou.ev, -ere, -ovcri

(I may loose, Ac.)

XiJ-w, -{IS, -rj

, \v-r)TOV, -T]TOP

Xtj-w/iev, -rfre, -oxri

(I might loose, <fcc)

Xi^otcu, -oty, -01

— , \i-oiTOP, -oLttjv

\i-omev, -oire, -oiev

Imperf.— (I was loosing, &c.)

S. i-\v-ov, -es, -6

D.—, OdJ-fTov, -inriv

P. {htj-ofief, -ere, -ou

wanting wanting

Fat.— (I shall or will loose,

Ac.)

S. \vff-u, -«s, -«D.— , Ma-erof, -erov

P. \i(T-ofj,fj>, -ere, -ovai

wanting

(I might be about to

loose, (fee.)

Xvff-Olfll, -ots, -01

—, "Kiicr-oiTov, -olrtjv

\Ccr-oifJ.ev, -oire, -oiey

Aor.— (I loosed, &C.)

S. i-\v<T-a, -as, -e

D.—, iS.i(T-aTov, -drrip

P. i\(i(T-afiev, -are, -av

(I may have loosed, <fec) (I might have loosed, <fec)

Xvff-a, -jis, -1) \{ff-ai/ii, -etas, (-aij,)

-ete, f-at)

—, 'S.i(T-7]T0P, -rjTov

Xixr-u/iev, -rp-e, -uai

—, \v<T-aiTov, -alT7]y

Xvcr-atfiev, -aire,

-eiav, {-aifv)

Perf.— (I have loosed, &c)S. \4-\vK-a, -as, -e

D.— , XeXi/zc-aroj', -arou

P. XeXijK-afjLev, -are, -dci

(I may have loosed, <fcc.)

XeXvAC-w, -ys, --q

—, \e\vK-7p-ov, -rjTOP

\e\vK-(a/iep, -rp-e, -wet

(I might have loosed, <fcc.)

\e\vK-oi/u, -ois, -01

— , XeXvK-oiTov, -oIttjp

XeXvK - oi/i€V, -oire,

-oiev

Plup.— (T had loosed, &c)S. i-Xe-XvK-eiv, -eis, -ei

D.—, ^XeXi5K-etro»', -elrrjv

P. iXeX^K-ei/iev, -etre, -eta-

ap, or -eaav

wanting

STRST GBEEK BEADDB. 65

VERBS.of Xu-co, is long in some tenses and short in others, aa

change of stem. See Section X. 4, 5.

VOICE.

IMPERATIVE. INFINITIVE. PARTICIPLE.

(Be thou loosing, <fcc)

-, XO-e, -ho}

-, \v-erov, -iTCiiv

-, Xu-cre, -bvrwv (or

-krutaav)

(To be loosing, <fec)

XiJ-etp

(Loosing, (fca)

XiJ-wj', gtn. -om-oi

\iu-ovffa, gen. -otjcnji

\v-ov, gen. -ovtos

wanting wanting wanting

wanting

(To be aboat to loose,

&C.)

(About to loose,

&c)\v(T-wv, gen. -ovtos

\vff-ov<ra, gen. -oiiffrji

\\jiT-ov, gen. -ovtos

(Loose tliou, Ac.)

-, "kva-ov, -dru

-, \v(r-arov, -druv-, Xicr-are, -Avrwv (or

-a.T(3j<Ta.v)

(To loose, <fec)

XO(r-at

(Having loosed, <fec.)

Xi5(r-ay, gen. -avros

Xi5(7-a<ra, gen. -iff-qi

\v<T-av, gen. -avros

(Have thou loosed, &c)-, \i\vK-e, -4tu

-, \e\vK-erov, -iruv

-, XeXuAC-ere, -iruxrav

(found only in those

verbs whose perfect is

used as a present.)

wanting

(To have loosed, &c.)

\e\vK-^vai

wanting

(Having loosed, Ac.)

\e\vK-d)S, gen. -6tos

\eKvK-vTa, gen. -vlas

\eKvK-6s, gen. -6ros

wanting

66 FIRST GREEK RBADER.

PURE VERBSPASSIVE


Pres.— (1 am loosed, or set (I may be set free, <fcc.) (I might be set free, &c.)

free, Ac)

S. \v-o-fiat,, -ei (or -p), \6-w-txai, -ri, -rj-rai \v-0l-fJi7]V, -Ot-O, -Ot-TO

-e-rai

D.\v-6-/j.€6ov, -e-ff0ov, \v-d>-fi£6ov, -r}-<x6ov, Xv-ol-fieOov, -oi-adov,

-e-adov rj-ffOov •oL-ff6r]v

P. \v-6-fie0a, -e-ffde, -ovrat \v-iJ>-fi€0a, -Tj-aOe, -«- \v-ol-iJLe9a, -ot-ffde,

vrai, -oi-vro

Imperf.— (I was being set

free, <fcc)

S. i-Xv-b-fxriv, -ov, -e-ro

D. iXv-S-fieBov, -e-adov, wanting wanting

-i-aOrjv

P. ^v-6-fie6a, -e-a6e,-o-VTo

Fut.— (I shall or will be set (I might be about to ba

free, <fcc.) set free, <ta)

S. \vO^(r-o-n,ai, -« (or ]?), \v9r)(T-ol-fir)v, -oio,

-e-rai Ol-TO

D. 'Kv6r](r-6-;x€6ov, -e-aOov, wanting \v6r]<T-ol-ixe0ov, -ot-

-e-ffdov aOov, -ol-<y97)v

P. 'Kvdr)(T-6-fJLe6a, -e-ade, Xv0ricr-ol-iJ.€0a, oi-a0€,

-o-vrai Ot-VTO

Aor.— (I was set free, &c) (I may be set free, <tc.) (I might be set free, <fcc.)

S. i-\vO-yiv, -T}s, -7] \v$-w, -ys, -y \v0-el-r]v, -e/-7?j, -el-r]

D. , i\vd-7)-T0V, -fl-t7}V , \v9-7J-TOV, -^-TOV —,'Kv0-el-ryrov,-€i-rp-T]»

P. iXiLid-r)-fiey,-r)-Te,-r]-ffav \vd-G)-fuv, -ij-Te, -w-ffi \v0-€l-rj/jLeu, -el-r]Te,

-elev, {-el-Tjaav]

Perf.— (I have been set free, (I may have been set free. (I might have been set

&c.) &C.) free, &c.)

S. \i\v-/xai, -cat, -rot \€\.v-ft,iyoi (S, ^j, ^ \e\v-/j.^yoi, etrjv, etrjs,

D. \e\v-jj,e9oP, -cdov, <t0ov —, \€\v-/iivu, ^TOV, —, \€\v-/j.ivu, et-.p-ov,

^TOV el-flTt]v

V. "KeXv-fxeOa, -<r9e, -vrot 'SeKv-/j.4voi (S/xep, rjre, \€\\in.ivoi, etrjfiev, et-

tScrt r)Te, tUv (or el7}(rav)

Plup.— (I had been set free,

Ac.)

S. ^-XeXC-/i»jv, -ffo, -TO wanting wantingD. i\e\v-fifdoy,-(r0ov,-<r6r]v

P. i\e\v-fif6a, -aOe, -vro

FIKST GREEK READER, 67

—continued.

VOICE.

IMPERATIVE. IKFINITITK. 1 PARTICIPLK.

(Be tbon set fixe, ifcc.)

—, \6-ov, -i-aOu

—, \6-t-a6ov, -i-adb)v

— , \v-(aOe, -i-ffOwp (of

(To be set free, Ac) (Being set free, Ac)

Xu-h-iians, gen. -ov

\v-o-fUyri, gen. -i;f

\v-6-/ia>w, gen. -w

(ranting wanting wanting

wanting

(To be about to be set

free, Ac)(About to be set free,

Ac)\v9rjc-6-/Jieyoi, gen. -w

\v07]c-o-fiiyj], gen. -i;j

\v&T]ff'6-fJLa'ot>, gen. -ov

(Be thou set free, Ac.)

, XvO-Tj-TOV, --^Tuv

—, \v0-7i-T€, -At-CiW (or

(To be set free, Ac)\vd-ri-vai

(Set free, Ac)XvO-tli, gen. -ivros

XvO-eiaa, gen. -eltrris

\v0-ip, gen. -hrroi

(Be thou set free, 4c)

—, \ikv-ffo, -cOu

—, \i\v-a6op, -ffOup

—, \4\v-a$e, -aOitip (or

(To have been set free,

Ac)(Having been set free,

Ac)

\e\v-fjJvos, gen. -ov

\e\v-/jjfn], gen. -tjs

XeXv-fiivoy, gen. -ov


68 FIBST GREEK READER.

PURE VERBSPASSIVE VOICE

INDICATIVE. SDBJUNOTIVE. OPTATIVE.

Fut. III. or Fut. Perf.—(I

shall have been set free, &&)S. \e\va--o-fMU, -ei (or -j/j,

(I might have been about

to be set free, <fcc.)

XeXvff-ol-fJirjv, -oi-q oi-

-e-Ttti

D. T^eXvcr-S-fieOov, -e-ffOop,

•e-adov

P. \e\vff-6-fie6a, -e-ffOe,

wantingTO

\e\v<T-ol-fjLe6op, -ot-

<t9op, -ol-aOriv

\e\v(r-oi-/ieda, -oi-aOe,

-o-vrai -Ol-VTO

MIDDLE

INDIOATIVK. SUBJUNCTIVE. OPTATIVE.

Pres.— (I loose for myself;

Ac.)

S. \i-o-fiai,-€i{or-'g),-eTai, Xi-U/JMl, &C. \v-0l-H7l», &C.&c., same as Pres. Pass.

Imperf.— (I was loosing for

myself, <fec.)

S. i-\v-6-iJL7]v, &c. wanting wanting

Fut.— (I shall loose for

myself, <fea)

S. \ija-o-/jLai, -ei (or -g), Xva-ol-fi-qv, -oL-o, -oi-To

-erai

D.Xvcr-d-fiedov, -e-aOov, wanting Xv<T-ol-iie9ov, -oi-crOov,

-e-adov -ol-<x6-r}v

P. \v(7-b-iieda, -e-ffOe, -o- Xvcr-ol-fieda, -oi-cde,

irrai •Ot-UTO

Aor.— (I loosed for myself,

Ac.)

S. i-Xvff-d-fitjv, -w, -a-To Xiff-w-fiai, -y, -r}-Tai Xva-ol-fiifv, -at-o,-ew-To

D. i\va-d-fit0ov, -a-adov, Xvff-dj-fiedov, -rj-aOov, Xv<T-al-fie6ov, -ai-a&ov,

-d-ffOrjv -ri-a6ov -ai-<Tdr)v

P. iXv<T-d-fi€6a, -a-aOe, Xv<r-u-fie0a, •y)-aOe, Xv(T-(d-fj.eda., -ai-aOe,

•a-rro (ihvrai. -ai-VTO

Verial Adjectives:—Xv-t6s, -ti}, -rSv, loosed, or capable of

Note—The Fut, Aor., and Perf. Paaa

i

FIRST GREEK READER.

—continued.

—continued.

IMPEKATIVB. I5FIX1TITE. PARTICIPLE.

wanting

CTo have been about to be

set free, tie)

(Haring been abont to beset free, Ac.)

\eXva'6-tupos, gen. -<w

"kiKuc-o-nivTi, gen. -171

"Kekva-lhfUErm, gen. -ov

VOICE.

IMPEEATITE. 1 ISFIBITIVB. PARTICIPLK.

— , XjJ-ow, &c \6-e-adai \v-b-iievoi, -rj, -OP, &C.


wanting

\6c-e-ffOai Xva-d-fiaxn, gen. -ov

\vff-o-fUrri, gen. -ip

Xvff-d-fieyop, gen. -ov

—, \v<r-ai^ -d-ffOu

— , \u<r-a-ffOot>, -d-aOup

— , \v(r-a-ff6e, -i-<r9wy (or

-6.-aduaa.v)

\6ir-a'a0iu "kva-i-fuvK, gen. -ov

\u<r-a-fUnj, gen. -ris

\va--d-fiepov, gen. -ov

being loosed : Xv-rioi, -ria, -riow, deserving to be loosed,

are often used in a Middle sense.

Rule XII.

—

Time when is put in the genitive,

and soTnetimes in the dative.

EXERCISE xvn.

o oovXoi Tov ovov T(p SecTTroTr] \v€i. 01 avOpcoiroi

Xayosi Kai eXacpovs eQrjpevov. ev TOig Sova^i irapa

Toi* TTOTafiov bprvyas Orjpeuei 6 iraig. to TraiSlov

/uLeXiTTav ava tov Krjirov edi^pevae. 6 irarrjp tov vlov

cKeXevae. r] jui^Ti^p Trjv eavTrjs dvyaTepa KeXevcrei.

KeXeucrojuiev tovs iroiixeva^. Trjv Koprjv e/ceXeu(ra.

TravTag o OavaToi Xvcfei. oLKovcraTe iravTe^. 6 Yivpio^

Trjv TOV Kuxpou yXooTTav eXvae. ol yewpyoi Tovg

oovXov^ KeXevarovai. tI aKOveii\ Seivov Ti clkovoo.

UKOveiP. aKOveiv eOeXoo. to TraiSlov Tt]v Tpocbov

KaXei. at Kopai Tovq yovei^ cKaXeaav. 6 vavTtjs

i-ov TOV 'ttXoiov KaXcov XeXvKC. 6 KvjSepv^Trj^ tov?

vavTai TOV koXwv Xvcrai cKeXevcre. 6 i'ttttokoiuos Trjv

TOV 'iTTTTOV KpiQrjv eTTCoXei* l^rjTeiTe koi evprjcreTe.

Tt)V KpiOrjV Trjv TOV ^TTTTOV, ITTTTOKO/ULe, fXf] TrdoXei.'f

ovo Traioe OTrraTOV^ /co^X/af. rrraig Ttf KO'^^iag toiTTa

(JoTTTae). 6 Traig Kai ^ Koprj KoyXLa(} iroXXovs cotttcov

(cOTTTaOv'). TOVS OcOV^ KGKXrjKC 6 /ULaVTl?.

We ordered our servants. We shall order the

servant to loose (aorist) the horse. Do not loose the

horses. The sailors are letting-go the cable. The

king desired his groom not to sell the horse's barley.

The father wishes his son to be good. The king

ruled with prudence. Who is calling on the gods?

• Contracted for iiruKee, imperf. Sec liules of Contraction, p. 39.

t n<iA«i, contracted for Trainee, imperative pre*,

t Contracted for bnTacTov,

FIEST GREEK READEB. 71

The two sailors have let-go the rope. Death has

set free the slave. The deaf do not hear. The

kings are taking counsel The king and the queen

were consulting. Wliy do you not believe? The

groom is riding along the road, in company with his

master. The two grooms were riding towards the

bridge. The farmer rode to the town by night.

EXEEasE xvm.

o ovog Tw Jûpiu) Xêrai. /xeXirrat Tive^ aiâ ttjv

vXijv viro Tov Traioo^ eQrjp€iiOr](rav. rj tov ittttov KpiOrj

vTTo TOV KOKov iTnTOKofJiov aei e-TTCoXeiTO. ev toI^

Sovapi Trapa tw irorafiw eOrjpevovro oprvye^ iroKKoi.

6 Traig Trapa T<p Trora/ULw evpia-Kerai. oi tiriroi e^

ap/jLOLTCOv e\v6t](rav. to) lttttw vtto tov ittttoko/j-ov T<a

SecnroTij ekveaQrjv. 6 iroifxriv eOeXei Tovg Kvvag Xi/-

Orjvai. oi iralSe^ Trapa tw k'lovl evplcTKovTai. 6 Toi

ttXoiov KoXto^ VTTO Ta'v vavTwv XiXirrai. XiXvvrai oi

SovXoi. VTTO Twv aTpaTKDTwv eXvOtjfiev. XvO^creaOe,

to iTTTTOi, €^ apfiaTO^.

The servants were desired by their masters to un-

yoke the horses. The slave was set free by death.

The nurse was called by the child. The two children

were found near the temple of Athena. The tongue

of the dumb man was loosed by the Lord. All slaves

will be liberated by death. The two slaves are about

to be set free by their master. The snails were

being roasted by the boys and the girls. The apples

were roasted (aor. 1 ) by the child's nurse. Slaves

!

you have been set free!

72 FIRST GKEEK READER.

SECTION XII.

The simple stem of ti^tttw is tvtt-, which is strengthened in the Pres.

Perf. II., and it is only in these tenses that the pure stem occurs,

running through tJiat tense, hy attaching the first letter of the ter-

has TUTTT-, the Fut. and Aor. ti/^-, the Perf. Tv<f>; or Terwp-, as

ACTIVE

INDICATIVE. SUBJUNCTIVE.

Pres.— (I strike, <fcc.)

S. T(5irT-w, -ety, -et, &c.,

same as in Xi5w.

Tl^TTT-W, -|;S, -7], &c. T&irT-oini, -ois, -01, &c.

Imperf,— (I was strikln g, &c.)

S. l-TVTTT-ov, -es, -e, &c. wanting wanting

Fut.— (I shall strike, &c)S. Ti5^-co, -ets, -ei, &c. wanting TJi^-OlfU, -OIJ, -01, &c.

Aor. I.— (I stiTick, &c.)

S. i-Tv\}/-a, -ay, -e, &c. Tij^-u, -ys, -y, &c. T^-^-aifu, -eias (-ati),

-eie (-at), &c.

Perf. I.— (I have struck, <fcc)

S. Ti-Tv<p-a, -as, -e

D.—, T€Ti<p-aTov,-aTov

P. rer^cp-a/xeu, -are, -dcri

T€TV(f>-b), -T/S, -y—,TeTicf)-r)Tov, -rp-ou

TeT}j<f>-uiJ.ev, -TjTe, -win

Tenj<p-oifii, -ois, -01

, T€T6(p-0lT0P, -oLtTJ*

rericp-OLiiev, -oire, -oiev

Plup. I.— (I had struck, &c.)

S. i-Te-Tij(p-€iv, -ets, -et

D.—, h-er^Kp-ei/rov, -eiryv

P. ireTij<p-ei,fJiev, -eire,

-eicrai' (or -ecrai')

wanting wanting

Aor, II.— (I struck, &c.)

S. l-TVTT-ov, -es, -e

D.—, irijTr-eTov, -dryv

P. irvTr-o/j.ei', -ere, -ov

T&T-w, -ys, &c., like

the Present.

T&ir-oi/ii, -ois, &c.,

like the Present.

Perf. II.— (I have struck, &c.)

S. ri-Tvir-a, -as, -e

D.—, Teriiw-aTov, -arov

P. TeTiTr-a/iev, -are, -aai

rerijir-u), &c., like

Perfect I.

TeTi5ir-ot/u, like Per-

fect I.

Plup. II.— (I had struck, &c.)

S. ^-Te-Ti^TF-etv, -ets, -et

D.—, ireT&rr-eiTov, -etryv

P. iT£T^Tr-€l/JL€P, -eiT€,

-eiaav (or -ecraj/)

wanting wanting

FIBST GBEEK KKAJ>^ 73

MUTE VERBS.by the insertion of t. The verb, therefore, forms an Aor. II. and

Each of the other tenses, however, may be assigned a icrondary stem,

mination, i.e., the tense characteristie, to the simple stem ; thas the Pres.

secondary stems ; and so in XiJw and other verbs. (See p. 63, Obs. 2.)

VOICE.

IMPERATIVE. ISFI>ITIVB. PARTICIPLB.

—, TVTrr-e, -iru), &c. TjJ«T-eU» T&WT-Uy, -01/(70, -ov,

&C.


wanting T{np-€t» nJ^-aw, -ovca, -on, &c.

—, Ti\jf-ow, -drcj, &c TVTp-at riyp-as, -aaa, -of, &c.

—, rinxfhe, -h-u>, &c,like the Preiient.

TCTVift-ivCU reru^wj, gen. -Atos

rerxxfy-ma, gen. -viai

TeTv<t>-6s, gen. -&tos


—, Ti5x-e, -iru, &c^ like

the Present.Tvr-tip Twr-ifir, -ovcro, -6i', &c.

— , Ttnnr-€, &c., like Per-

fect I.

Tervr-itKu reruT-ibs, -wo, -6s,

&c., like Perfect I.

74 FIKST GREEK READER,

MUTE VERBS

PASSIVE

INDIOATITK. SUBJUNCTIVE. OPTATIVE.

Pres.—(I am beingstruck, Ac)

S. T&irr-o-fJMi -et (or -tj}, T&KT-W-fiai., -J}, -TI-TCU TVTrT-ol-firii>, -010, -01-

-e-rat TO

D. TVjrr-6-fj.e6ov, -€-<y9ov, TVTT-d)-fj.e9ov, -7)- a9ov, rvirT-ol-fj.e9ov, -oi-cr9ov,

-e-ffdov T]-(r9ov -0l-ff97}V

P. TVTrT-6-fieda, -e-aOe, TVirT-w-fJ.e9a, -q-a9e, Tvirr-ol-/jLe9a, -oi-ffde,

-o-j^at -w-vTai -Ol-VTO

Imperf.— (I wasbeing struck,

.fee.)

S. i-TVirT-b-fj.7}v, -ov, -e-ro

D. h-vn-T-b-ixeOov, -e-aOov,

-i-adriv wanting wantingP. irvirT-b-fjLeOa, -e-aOe,

-O-VTO

Fut. I.— (I shall be struck, Ac.)

S. Tv<p9'^<x-o-/j,ai, -64 (or TV(j>9t)ff-ol-fJiriv, -oi-o.

-rj), -e-TM -Ol-TO

D. Tv^9T)cr-6-iJ.e6ov,-e-ff6ov, wanting TV<})9r}(T-ol-fu9ov, -01-

-e-ffdov (t9ov, -oL-(r9rjv

P. TV(p0Ti<T-6-fit9a, -e-(79e, TV<})9T)<T-ol-fie9a, -ot-

o-vrai (r9e, -oivTo

Aor. I.— (I was struck, <fcc.)

S. i-T^<p0-riP, -ijs, -7) TV<p9-Cj, -jjs, -y TV(f)9-el-7)v, -el-rfi, -eiij

D.

—

, M^9--n-Tov, --^-Trjv , TV<j>9-riT0V, 'T]-TOV —, TV(/)9-el-7p-ov, -et-ij-

TTjV

P. iTi<}>9-7)-nev, -17-Te, TV<p9 d-fiev, -rj-Te, TV<p9 el-tffiev, -eifiev,

-ri-(xav -Co-ffi, -el-rjTe, -eiTe, {-ei-rf-

<rav), -elev

Perf.— (I have been struck.

Ac)S. ri-rvfi-nai, rerv^ai, TeTVfj.-ft.ivoi, t3, ^y, ^, TtTVfi-fLivos, etrjv, &C.,

T€TVTr-Tai. &c., as in I'erf. as in Perf. Pass, of

D. TeTiifi.-fx.e9ov, TiTV<t>-9ov, Pass. oi'Kvofxa.i \ijofJ.ai

TiTV<f>9ov

P. TeTifx,-/jLe9a, TiTV<f>-9e,

TeTyfi-fxivoi. (at, a), ehl

Plup.— (I had been strack, Ac.)

8. i-Te-TifJL-fi-rfv, irhvipo, iThw-TO. D. irer^n-fieOov, iThv^dop,

FEBST G&EEK R£aJ>£EL 76

—continued.

yoiCK

IMPERATIVE. INFINITIVE. 1 PAKTIGIPLE.

—, TlJTrT-OV, -l-cdu

—, Hnrr-e-aOop, -i-a6u9

—, rin-t-aOe, -i-aOucoo'

(or -i-ffOuv)

TvvT-e-ff6ai

-ihfievov

waii.ting wanting wanting

wantiDg

TiKpdT^-e-aBcu rwf>0Ti<T '6-/Mevos, -o-

—, Ti<p&-t)-Ti, -i}-rw

— , Tvip6-7}-Toy, --ff-TWV

TwpO-rj-vai TxxpO-eU, -etffo, -i*

—, rh-v<p-6ov, Tenj<p-0wv

—, rh-vip-ffe, TeTi<f>-0u(r(w

(or -Ouv)

Tcriip-Oai rervfi-fiivos, -f^ri),

-liivov

irfT{nf>-07}P. P. erervfi-fieOa, h-irvip-Oe, TervufJiivoi (at, a), ^cu>

(12S)

MUTE VERBSPASSIVE VOICE


Aor. II.— (I was struck, <fcc)

S. i-Tvir-T}v, -r]s, &c., like

Aorist I.

TVT-w, -ys, &c., like

Aorist I.

Tvir-el-r]v, -el-7]s, &c.,

like Aorist 1.

Fut. II.-{1 shall be struck, &c.)

S. TVTTT^ff-o-fiai, -« (or

-y), &.C., like Fu-ture I.

wanting Tvirrja-ol-firiv, -oi-o,

&c., like Future 1.

Put. in. -{I shall have been

stnick, <fcc.)

S. T€TC\fi-o/jMi, -€i (or --g),

erai, &c., like Fu-ture I.

wanting TiTv^-ol-H-qv, -oi-o, -oi»

TO, &c., like Fu-ture I.

MIDDLE


Pres.— (I strike myself, &c.)

TijirT-o-fiai, &c. as in Pass. r&K-T-u/juu, as in Pass. TVTTT-oifitjp, as in Pass.

Imperf.— (I -vas striking

myself, <fcc.)

^-ri;7rr-6-yui;i',&c. asinPass. wanting wanting

Fut.— (I shall strike myselfAc.)

S. T^xp-o/Mi, -et (or -|;),

&c., as in Pres. Pass.1

wanting Tv^p-ol-ftr^v, -ot-o, &c.,

as in Pres. Pass.

Aor.I.— (I strack myself, Ac.)

S. i-rv\p a.-fi.7}v, -w, -a-TO

D. irvxp-d-fiedov, -a-adov,

-dff67]v

P. irvrp-d-fieda, -a <T6e,

a-vTo

T{l1p-(l)-IXai, -T], -7] TUL

TV\I/ u: /xedov, -tf-adov,

-Tjadov

TV\l/-d) /xeffa, -rj-aOe,

-uj-vrai

TV\p-ai-iJ.7]v,-ai-o,-a.iTo

TV\p-ai-/x€6ov, -ai cdov,

-aL-adr)v

rv\j/-al-fj.eda, -ai-ffde,

-ai-vTo

Aor. II.— (I struck myself,

&c.)

S. i-TVir-d-fiiji', -ov, -€-T0,

&c., as in Imperf. Pass.

Tiir-0}-/jLai, -y, &c. , as

Pres. Pass.

TVir-ol-firiP, -ot-o, ^c,as in Pres. Pass.

Verbal A(^eclive3;—

—continued.

—contimied.

IMPERATIVE. 1 INFINITIVE. PARTICIPLE.

—, rinr-Tj-Oi, -^ToSf &c.,

like Aorist I.

Txrw-Tf-foi Twr-e/j, -eiaa, -iv

wanting T\nri}c-e-ad(u Tvrr}<r-6-fievos,-o-fii^,

-6-fupw

•rantiiig reri^-e-irOcu

VOICE.

IMPERATIVE. 1 INFINITIVE. | PARTICIPLE.

— , Tvrr-ov TinTT-€-<xO<u TinrT-o-n€voi, &c.


wanting Ti\p-€<T0<lL TV^-6-fievos, -o-fx^rr],

-it-fievov

—, ri\j/-<u, -d-ffffu

—, Ti)yp-a-ffdov, -d-ffOuv

—, Hnp-a-ffOe, -d-cOuaav(or -d-crtfw*)

Ti^-a-a0au

-d-liofw

—, rinr-oO, -4-adw, &c.,

as in Pres. Pass.

Txnr-i-adat, Tvr-6-/Jun'0i, o-fiirri,

-6-fifvo»

Tw-TOt and Tinr-rios.

N.B.—In forming the future of Mute Verbs, it

must be remembered,

—

(1.) That T, S, 6, and v are rejected before 9

;

as, avvT-co, fut. avv-aca.

(2.) That TT, /S, or (^, when united with 9, forms

v|/- ; as, XeiV-ft), fut. Xely^w (XeiTr-crft))

:

Tjo//3-ft), fut. Tply\r(a (rpl^-crbS) : ypoKp-co,

ypdyôo (ypacp-crooy

(3.) That K, 7, or ^, when united with 9, forms

^ ; as, 7rXe/c-ft), irXeô) (7rXe/c-<ro)) : Xe-y-w,

Xe£a) (Xe'-y-crco): apy^-oo, ap^co (ap-^-crco).

Rule XIII.—Time how long is put in the accusa-

tive.

EXERCISE XIX.

iTTTroKojULOi Tive^ roup Tov /3a(TtXeft)9 Ittttovs Tracra?

fj/xepai erpiôv. fj KpiOfj Tovg lttttov^ Kai tov? ovovs

Tpicpei. TO Kpuos Toi'9 o<p€is eV»yê. ti raura rpe-

(peii', TO) Kopa Tag KOfxat iracrav t^v rjixepav KTevlT-

ovari. TOVTO TO jSi/SXlov Trpos ere Trejuyû). eirKT-

ToXag TToWai irpog Tovg yove'i'i yeypacpe 6 iracs.

TavTO. eXepav 01 yepovTeg. tov yepovTa kol Trjv ypavv

eSmPav ol Kvveg. 6 TroLfirjv TOV9 avTOv Kvvas ev t^

<TKr]vr] XeXonre. ava to ireolov tovs Qrjpag iolooâ.

lit] jxe Kpv^ri<i TavTa.* eKpvê to apToO yevog. al

Kopai iravTa TavTU Tovg yoveis 'iKpvâv. ^juag Ta

Bi/SXla Tpicbei.

The wicked groom sells the horse's barley. The

daughter of the king has written many letters to her

* Verbs of concealing govern two accusatiTes—one of the person, the other of the

thing concealed.

I

FIRST GREEK READEE. 79

mother. "WTiat did the poet write ? Why did the

judge write this (i.e., these things)? Who wrote the

letter ? The ball hit my head. Why do you strike

the dog ? The shepherds hunted the wolf into the

river. The boys have left the balls in the garden.

Two husbandmen were pursuing a hare through the

fields. Why did the shepherd pursue the two boys 1

SECTION XIII.

CLASS III.—LIQUID VERBS.

1 . In reference to Liquid Yerbs, it must be noted

—

(1.) That they have no ? in the inflexion of the

future and aorist, and that the termina-

tion -eo) {i.e. -ecrco) is contracted into

o) ; as, fxepco, fut. fjLev-e{a)Q), fxevw.

(2. ) That they shorten the penult in the future

(when possible), by omitting the second

of two vowels or consonants; as,

a^iXKuif fut. (rreXa) ; (nreipoo, fut.

aTrepu).

(3.) That they lengthen the penult of the first

aorist, a into 17 or d; (palvw, (pavoo,

€(pr]va: e into ei; as, (nreipco, fut.

(TTrepcoy aor. ecrTreipa: i into t; as,

Kplvw, KpXvw, cKplva: v into u; as,

ajULuvco, ajuvvw, fj/Mva.

(4.) That many of them change the vowel of

the stem in the perfect; as, crr-e-XXo),

'perf. e(TT-a-Xica.

80 FIRST GREEK HEADER.

LIQUIDACTIVE


Pres.— (I report, &c)S. dYyiKX-w, -en, -et, &c. dyyi\\-w, -jji, -tj, &c. d77A\-ot-ptt, -oty, &c.

Imperf.—S. ijyyeXK-ov, -ej, -e, &c. wanting wanting

Fut.—S. (i77eX-w, -eis, -ei

D.— , i.yyeX-f'iTov, -eiTov

P. d77eXoO/te>', -eire,

-ovcri

wantingdyyeX-oifMi.,'^ -oty, -ot

—, dyyeX-OLTov, -oi-rr]*

dyye\-o?/Mev, -oire,

-diev

Aor. 1.—S. iJYyetX-a, -ay, -e, &c. dyyeCX-u), -rjs, ^, &C. d77e/\-ot/i:, -aty, -at,

&c.

Perf.-S. IjyyeXK-a, -ay, -e, &c. ^77A/c-w, "Tjy, &c. rjyyiXK-oifii, -oty, &c.

Plup.-S. 7]ryyfKK-€lV, -«y, &C. wanting wanting

Aor. n.—S. ijyye\-ov, -ey, -f, &C. 477A-W, -Tjy, &c. dyy^X-oifM, -oty, &c.

* In Liquid Verbs, Pure Verbs, and Verbs in -/it, the Optative

PASSIVE


Pres.— (lam reported of, Ac.)

S. dyy€0<-o-fiai, --g, &c. dyyAX-w-yttat, -|;, &c. dyyeW-ol-nr]P, -oto,

&c.

Imperf.

—

S. rjyyeW-d-fiTiv, -ov, &c. wanting wanting

Fut. I.—S. dyye\6-^<T-(h/icu, --q, &c. wanting dyy€\07j<T-ol-iXTiv, - oi-o,

&c.

Aor. I.-s. irn^o-w, -vh &c. iyyeXO-d, -^s, &c. iyye\6-el-7]v,-€l-i]s,&.C.

VERBS.VOICK

IMPERATIVE. INFIMTIVK. PARTICIPLE.

— , AyyeXX-e, h'os, &c. d-yyAX-etv d77AX-i', -owra, -ov


wantingiyYek-eiv d7^eX-wv, -ovaa, -ovr,

gen. -ovrrm

—, dyyeiX-ov, -d-rw, &c. ayyeiXai ayyeiK-as, -aaa, av

wanting riYyt^K-ivai ^-,7eXjc-ws, -via, -6s


—, 8.yye\-e, -iru, &c. dTVeX-fii' d-p/eX-a-v, owra, -6v

is frequently made in -oiriv, -oirji, &c., instead of -oifu, &c.

VOICE.

IMPERATIVE. ISFI5ITIVE. 1 PARTICIPLE.

—, dTvAXoV, -^-(T^W, &C dyyAX-e-ff^ot irfyiKX-b-ixevoi, -o-

fidtnf, -6-nevov


wanting irf^/iXBriff-e-ffdai. dy>fX5i7«r-6-/xo'os, -o-

fUvT], -6-/ieyov

— iyyikOri-Ti, -^03, &c. ayyeXO-Tivat, dyyeXd-eit, -elffa, -iv

82 FIRST GBEEK READER.

LIQUID VERBS

PASSIVE VOICE

INDICATIVE. 8UBJ0NOTIVK. OPTATIVE.

Perf.—S. ijyyeX-/j.ai., -aai, -Tai,

&c.rjyyeX-pLivos (-7?, -ov),

c3, ^s, Tjf &c.riyy€\-iJ.h>oi {-v, -ov),

etrjv, etrjs, &c.

Plup.—S. -firyyiX-tiriv, -ffo, -to, &C. wanting wanting

Aor. II.—S. 7iyyi\-r]P, -tjs, &c. d77eX-tD, -^jj, &c. dyyeX-el-riP, -el-ris, &c.

Fut. II.-S. dyyeX-^a-o-fiai, -et (or

V), &c.

wanting dyy€\Tjff-ol-/j.r)P, -oi-o,

&c.

Fut. in.—wanting wanting wanting

MIDDLE

INDICATIVE. StJBJUNCtltE. OPTATIVE.

Fut.— (I sliall report myself,

Ac.)

S. dyye\-ov-iJ.ai,-et{or-'S]i

-eirai

D. dyye\-oij-fJLedov, -et-

ffOoV, -€1-<70OP

P. dyye\-oij-/jLe6a, -ei-aOe,

-ov-pfai

wanting

dyyeX-ol-ixrjp, -oi-o,

ol-TO

dyyeX-ol-fieOop, -ci-

(tOop, -ol-<rdr]v

dyyeX-oL-fieOa, -dl-ade,

-0I-PT0

Aor. I-.—

S. Tfyy€CK-d-ft.7}P, -w, -a-ro,

&c.

dyyeC\-w-iJ.ai, -j?, -t}-

rai, &c.

dyyeiX-al-firiv, -ai-o,

-ai-TO, &c.

Aor. n.-S. fiyy€\-&-iJ.r}P, -oVf-e-TO,

&c.

dyyO\.-oyfiai, -11, -t)-

TOt, &c.

dyyeX-ol-firiP, -oi-o,

-oiro, &c.

Verbal Adjectives

FIRST GREEK READEK, 83

'

—

contimtid.

—€0}itimied.

IMPERATIVE. IHFINITIYK. PARTICIPLE.

—, 1jryye\-ffo, -0w, &c. Ôi-0ai-fj.evov

trantiog wanting wanting

—, dYyOi.-r}-6i, -^rw, &c. ayyeX-rj vai d77eX-e(s, -etffo, -h

iranting iyyeX-fyr-e-ffOai dyycXijff-^/iCToj


VOICE.

IMPERATIVB. IJfFINITITE. PARTICIPLE.

wanting

d77eX-ct-(r^cu dyye\-o6-nepot, -ou-

—, iyêCkai, -d-a$ta, &c ayy€[\-a-a6ai ayyfi^-d-nevoi, -a-

/iivT], -d-fievop

—, iyyi\-ov, -i-aOu, &c. iyyeX-^-aOtu dyye\-6-fuPos, -o-fUnh-o-pLevm

iyyt\-r6s and dyyeX-rôj.

EXEECISE XX.

oi vavrai Trjv ajKvpav els rr]V OdXaTrav ^dWovari

TOiinrjv Tov avTOv vlov €ig fia-^r]v ecrreiXe. irpo^ ere

rrjv cr<paipav /BaWo). irpog ere Tt]i^ acpaipav â\w.

01 TracSeg tov^ ocpei^ \i6oii eâWov. ot Troifieveg

TOV XvKOV âKTrjplai^ e/SaXov. oXrjv Tt]V ^fiepav ev

Tw Kr/TTO) ejueivav al Kopai. 6 Sea-irorijs tov kukov

SovXov €1^ (pvXaKrjv ê^XijKe. Sia t'l /me XiOcp e'ySaXe?;

âXXcTe Tci^ (r(paipa^ e<V to vooop. fieivov fieff ^fioov,

f] rijiiepa yap rjStj /ce/cXt/ce. r/? fxoi Trjv oSov irpog Ttjv

OaXuTTUv (pavei',

Tr]v Ked)aXr]v fiov TeT/xtjKa^ XiOip

TOV oovXov, 09 TOV efjiov lirirov e/cXe\|/ê, ei? cbvXaKrjt

î^XrjKev 6 KpiTTj^. TToXXou? Twv TToXefiioov diroKTevov'

fiev. al yvvaiKeg tu^ tov yipovTog Kofiag eTiXXov.

Tag TOV KpiTov Kojuag fit] Kcipe. rap tov KpiTov Kofiai

fir] Keiptjg.

Do not throw the anchor into the sea. Twosailors were casting an anchor into the sea. Mothers!

do not send your sons to the war. Some one has

struck the old man with a stone. Do not throw the

balls into the air. The shepherds will strike the

dog with sticks. My father has put his slave in

prison. The boys will stay the livelong day in the

wood Boys ! do not remain all day in the forest.

Stay with us, my friend. The shepherds sent their

sons to the war. Tlie two boys were throwing

stones into the sea. Sailors ! do not throw the dog

into the sea. We shall cast the wicked thieves into

prison. I shall remain the livelong day in the temple.

BTEST GREEK READER. 86

SECTION XIV.

PASSIVE VOICK

EXEECISE XXI.

Xvovrai 01 ovoi airo tcov kiovcov. oi Xayw ^peOfjcrap

VTTO Tcov Tov ycwpyov Kvvwv. ol nrnroi ck tov apfiUTog

eKvOrjcrav. ol koXu) XeKvvrai viro twv vavrwv. KO')(\iai

TToXXoi VTTO TOiv ovolu iralooiv TOV linroKOfiov wttt^-

Orjcrav. rj oiKia Kolerai. cu ev r^ KWfiri oiKiai

Kaiovrat. ixa-)âipai evpicTKOvrai ev Tai<i r^y KwfjLrji

oiKiai^. 01 TToXiToi TrioTevovrai viro twv crrpaTiwruiv

Z.€VO(pU)V VTTO TWV TToXlTWV OaVfJLaêTai €V€Ka T^S

apert]?. ol Xayo) eoiaxovTO. fj tov 'êvocpcovTOi

(jKtjvTj VTTO TU)V âpâpwv Tayy eKalero. to. vTroTvyia

ijXavv€TO. ol iTTTTOi oia TOV TTeolov i^XavuovTO. ol

(Tocpol TifjiojvTai, ol Se alcr-ôi ov Tificovrai. ol

770i'r]poi ovK aîoi €iai (ptXelcrOai. apyvpa* icvTreXXa ev

rrj oiKia evpKTKeTai. oi twv apicmav Tlepawv TralSeq

eiri Tais paaiXecos Ovpai^ iraioevovTai. ol iraiSeg viro

TOV avTov oioacrKaXov eiraioev6r](rav. tu> Kopa viro

TOV avTOv dioa(rKaXov eTraidevO^Trjv. inro irdvTWv

TWV TroXcTU)V aK0V(r6fl(Tt], u> ptJTop.

Some swords were found in the citizen's garden.

The farmer's horses have been unyoked from the

waggon. The boys have been educated by their

own father. The soldiers' tents were quickly burned

• In the First and Second Declensions, e before o^ of the dual and plnral, and i

More anything but a diort rowel, rererse tlie iêneral role of contraction (see pS9); aa, oiTTni, oora; tarkn), StrAq; Sia-Aoî, Stz-Ay.

86 PIKST GEEEK KEADER.

by the enemy. A silver cup was found in the shep-

herd's tent. The serpents were struck by the boys

with sticks. The worthless slave was cast into

prison by his master. Many of the enemy were

slain. The majority of the enemy were slain by tlie

Greeks. My head has been cut with a stone.

Cyrus was sent for from his province by his brother,

Artaxerxes. The poet was admired for {i.e., on

account of) his learning.

MIDDLE YOICE AND DEPONENT VERBS.

Rule XIV.—Measure of distance is put in the

accusative; as, cnreêi SeKa araSlov^, it is ten stadia

distant.

EXERCISE XXII.

ol aTpanwraL avSpeioog e/md-ôvro. Aapeio^ J^vpov

fxeTaireiXTreraL airo Ttjg ap'^rj^, ^9 avrou (yaTpairriv

eTTOirjcre koi crrpaTriyov oe avrov onreoeiê Travrcov

oaroi eig JâcTTOciXov TreSlov aQpolXpvTai.

6 K.vpos eTrJ Tov aSeXtpou ecrrpareveTO. 01 arpa-

Tfjyol TOL'9 ayyeXovs jmeraTrefxypôvrai. 6 âaiXevg

eôvXevaaro irepi r^g (rcortjpias r^? apj^rj^. ev tm

rpiTW a-TaO/xw J^vpos eêraaiv Troieirai roov '^Wrjvoov

irep\ fxea-a^ vvKra<i. Trepl t^? TrarpiSoi fxa-^wfieOa.

ôvXevoo/neOa Trepl T^p twv ttoXitwv (TcoTrjpias. Ajora-

êp^t]^ (TvXXa/ui^dvei J^vpov, w? cnroKTevuiv' r] Se fx^rtjp,

ePaiTTjcraixevrj avrov, a7ro7re/uxet eiri Ttjv ap-^tjv. irpo

TOV epyov ev ôvXevrrai. Travre^ Tifitjs yevaacrQai

ôvXovrai. airoKpLval [jlol, tivos evcKa y^jpij 6aviJ.oulêiv

avSpa TTOiTjTiû', 01 a-rparcwTai eis fJi-a-^v eraâvro.

FTEST GREEK READER. 87

The king senfc-for his brother from his government

(province). The queen wishes to send for her son

from his province. Cyrus took the field against

Artaxerxes. The king reviewed his soldiers about

midnight. Let us consult about the safety of the

city. Before (we take) action let us carefully delib-

erate. All of us wish to taste liberty. The mother

of Cyrus begged him off (for herself), and sent him

away to his province. The citizens arranged them-

selves for battle. Let us beg off our friends. Donot send for (to yourselves) the wicked citizens.

MISCELLANEOUS SENTENCES.

Prepositions, when compounded with Verbs, retain

generally their proper signification; as, aTre-êiv, for

airo eêiv, to keep from,—i.e., to refrain; ava âlvw^

to go up,—Le., ascend, mount.

EX££CIS£ yynrr,

ore ai oiKiai eKaiovro, ol TroXiTai airechevyov. 6

Kyyoo? eêXavvei Sta t^? AvSiag crraOfxov^ Toei?. ol

iroXiTai TrXoIa ovk ei-ôv. ra Orjpla CTpe-vev. ore al

AOrjvai eKaiovro ol TToXiTai eTrt ra irXoca aveâivov.

a(p iirirov eOi^peve 6 Tlep(Tt](;.

J7 oiKia avuyyeo} e-êi iroXXa. fxr] ûcoKere, w iraiSeg,

TOi'9 Xaydog. twv alar-^wv fjSovijov cnre-vov. eir). to}^

iTTTTov avapaivei 6 veavia^. 6 ttoXitti^ tov aSeX<p6v

povXeva-crai. ol TroXiTai ôvXeva-ovrai. Aap€to(!, 6

88 FIRST GREEK BEADER.

aoeXipo^, Tov J^vpov fierairefxêTai airo t^? apvjj^.

01 TToXe/iiioi €7n TOV I3acri\ia earpaTevaavro. 6

(TTpaTrjyo? (Tvv T019 (TTpaTKVTai? eOvcre rtj ÂO^vd.

oi TToXiTai TOV KpiTrjv eTTeiaav. KXeaoYOf fxev tov

oeîov Kepoog ^yeiTai, MeVcov §e tov evoovvjuov. 6

nrTTOKOfio^ KaTeirrjorjtjev airo tov apjuaTO?. yv/j-vaYeTe

Ta (TU)fJi.aTa, co iraiSeg. iroXXaKi^ jSpaveia r/Sovi]

fxaKpav TLKTei Xinrrjv. irluTeve toI? awcbpocn. J^vpog

CKoXecre tovs (pvyaoa^, ku] eKeXevaev avTOv^ aTpuTeve-

a9at (Tvv avTca. ol fiev ovv avev (jaKwv (beuyovcrr ol

oe ev TOts ^[(pecri TTLTrTOVcn' ol S" eTi e/c twv Tei-vwh

fia-ôvTai- ava Se to. opr] kcitui ^L(pt] re, koI eyvr]^

Kal St] KOI fieXcov fxeprj. rj Nfôp fxev, w TropOfxev^

airoXcoXev >]or], Kai ovoev i^Jô? eVi Xolttov avTijs' airo-

Qvr](jKovai yap Kal at vroXeif, uxrirep avBpwvroi.

The soldiers were fleeing without their shields.

Two swords were found in the shepherd's hut. The

farmers have found two silver cups in the slave's

cottage. The master sent for his servant from the

field. The slaves wished to taste liberty. The

father begged his son off, and sent him away to the

war. The generals reviewed the soldiers about mid-

night. The citizens are about to take the field

against the enemies of their king. Do not send for

the boy from the wood. The soldiers' children are

fleeing with their fathers' shields. The king's

generals review the soldiers in the garden of the

palace. The two shepherds will remain the livelong

night in the snow.

FIBST GBEEK RKAPKR. 89

SECTION XV.

SECOND CONJUGATION—VERBS IN -fJH-

1. Verbs in -/xi are of a more ancient formation

than verbs in -co, but are much less numerous. They

differ in inflexion from verbs in -w, in the Present,

Im|»erfect (Active, Passive, and Middle), and Aorist

II. (Active and Middle).

2. The stems which adopt this mode of conjuga-

tion end in one of the vowels, a, e, o, or v. In the

Present and Imperfect a reduplication is prefixed,

consisting of the initial consonant of the stem, with i\

thus, the stem So-, I give, is lengthened into Sw-,

which, with the person ending, -fxi, makes Sco-jni, and

this again, with the redupKcation, Si-Soi)-iJ.i. So 0e-,

lengthened into 6r]-, with person ending, 6r}-/xi, and

with reduplication, ri-Orj-iai. (See p. 62, 11, on

Reduplication.)

3. If the stem begin with cr, or an aspirated

vowel, the reduplication is made by prefixing t

aspirated ; thus, stem crra-, lengthened (rrrj-, with

person ending, a-rrj-fjn, and with reduplication

^-(m]-fjLi. Compare sto and si-sto, in Latin.

4. The three verbs, tIQthjh, I place, SiSw/xi, I give,

'and tifjii, I send, have the inflexion -ku, instead of

-era, in the first aorist indicative active ; as, edrjKay

eSoDKa, T]Ka; but this form is used almost solely in

the singular. For these and other minor peculiari-

ties, consult the paradigms.

90 FIRST GEEEK EEADER.

VERBSThe student will remember that the stem of tffrrifu is (ttH- ; of rlOrifu, 0e-,'

that of the inflexion, as, Ti.6wfiep for Ti0i-wfj.ev, the hyphen has

declension. The parts not here given are regularly declined, like

ACTIVE


Pres.— (I set up or erect, <fcc.)

S. t(rr-r]fu, -rji, -rjcri

D. — , iffT-arop, -arov

P. tar-a/jLev, -are, -5.(n{p)

IffT-u, -ys, -5

—, laT-rJTOP, -rJTOP

lffT-Q/ji,€P, -Tjre, -W(n(v)

IffT-al-qp, -alrji, -air]—,laT-alTjTOP,-airin]v*

lar-aLrj/xep, -alijTe,

(-alTjffav), -aiep

Imperf.— (I was erecting, (fcc.)

S. X<rr-7)P, -7?y, -i;

D. —, tor- arov, -<krrip

P. trr-S.ft.tP, -are, -aaap

wanting wanting

Aor. II.— (I stood, &C.)

S. fOT-TjV, -77J, -»;

D. —, iar-yp'OP, ••ffTf^p

P. i<rr-rifi€P, -Tire, -riffap

(TT-tD, -ys, -§

, (TT-TJTOP, -rJTOP

(j-T-w/iep, -ijre, -W(n{p)

ffT-alvp, -alfjs, -al-q

—, ffr-alr]TOP, -af^rjv

ar-airinep, -airire, {-ai-

rjffav) -aUp

MIDDLE

Pres.— (I erect myself, or

stand, <fcc.)

S. XaT-afiai, -atrat, -arai

D. IcTT-dfiedoP, -affdop,

-acrOop

P. la-T-dfi€6a,-a(r0€,-aPTai

IcTT-wfiai, -y, -rJTai

loT-difieOov, -rjffdop,

-TJffOoP

IffT-thfieda, -rtaOe, -u-

PTai

l<TT-alfiriP, -aio, -atro

l<TT-alfie6ov, -aitrOoP,

-alffdyv

l(TT-alfi€0a, -aicde, -ai-

PTO

Imperf.^—(I was erecting

myself, <fec.)

S. lar-AfiriP, -aero, -aro

D. IffT-d/J-eOop, -a(x6op,

-dffOrjP

P. lar-dfieOa, -avOe, -avro

wanting wanting

Aor. II.—wanting wanting wanting

* The Dual and Plural Optative are usually

FIBST GREEK READER. 91

IN -^n.

and of SlS<aiu, So- : bat since the Towd of the stem is often nnited with

been placed with a rârd, not to the pnre stem, bat to conrenienee of

XiJw; as,fuL a-Hfiu; aor. i<miaa\ perf. tarriKa, &C. (See p. 96.)

VOICE.

HCPKRATITE. nfPIKITIVB. PARTICIPLB.

, IffT-SiTOV, -IÛP

—, Xar-OTi, -ivTujp [-«£t«»-

aav)

i0T-a>«u Irr-di, -dirroi

Itrr-cura, -dtrns

loT-dM, -dm-oi


—, rr-rfii, --Ifrta

—, OT-TJfTOf, -ijrtint

—, ffT-TTc, -cuTwr (or

ar-rîu. ar-ds, -drrot

ffT-wTCif -dtnis

ar-dp, -djrroi

VOICE.

—, EoT-w lirr-iffo*, -daOu—, Xar-affdop, -daOwv

— , XoT-aaOe, -daOitr (-<£-

Xar-iiaOai lar-dfuroi, -ofjJrov

loT-ofkiyth -a/jLirrp

loT-dfUKm, -o/Upov


wanting^ 1 wanting wanting

oootracted into -vuror, -aiTTjv, Sec.

(128) 7

92 FIBST OR££K HEADER.

VERBS IN -Ml

ACTIVE


Pres.—{I place, .fee.)

S. t16-7]/m, -jjs, -770-4

D.—, TlO-erov, -erov

P. rld-efiev, -ere, -iaai[v),

and -ei<7i.[p)

Tid-Si, -Js, -%

, Tld-TJTOP, -TJTOV

Tid-diiev, -rjre, -Gxnly)

TiO-elijv, -elrjs, -drj

— , TiO-elriTov, -ei-qrt})'*

Tid-elr}fuv, -eirjTe, -et-

€V {-elr)(rav)

Imperf.— (I was placing, &c.)

S. iTid-riv, -r]s, -r?

D.—, h-iO-erov, -irriv

P. irlO-efiev, -ere, -effUP

wanting wanting

Aor.— (I piaceii, ifec.)

S. id-q-Ka, -Kas, -K€

D.—, ^-erov, -injv

P. id-efiev, -ere, -e<xav, or

d-d, -ps, -S

, d-7JT0V, -TJTOV

O-Qêv, -lyre, -tDo-t(y)

6-elr]v, -elrjs, -elr)

— , d-eliyrov, -nrjryjv

9-elrifxei>, -eirjTe, -eUp

[-dt}(Tav)

MIDDLE

Pres.— (I place myself, &c.)

S. Tld-efiai, -eacu, -eroi

D.Ti.d-4/j.edop, -effdop,

-ecrdov

P. Tid-ifJLeda, -eade, -eiâi

Tid-Qnai, -§, -ôif Tid-fl/xrju, -no, -etro

Tid-iifie6ov, -rjadov, rid-eifieOov, -eurOoi',

-TjcrOov -eladr)v

TiO ii}/j.€9a,,-âde,-wVTai ri6-el/jLeda,-et.cr9€,-€iyTO

Imperf.— (I was placing my-self, Ac.)

S. irid-i/ifiv, -effo, -era

D. irid-iixidov, -eadov,

P. irid-ifj-eda, -eade, -evro

wanting wanting

Aor. II.— (I placed myself,

.fee)

S. id-^/JLTlV, (0OV{-€ffo), -€T0

D. iO-ip-edov, -eaOoy, -iaO-qv

P. id-ineda, -eade, -evro

9-CifMi, -§, -ijrcu

6-(bfjie6op, -fjcOov, -»)-

a-dov

0-d)/xe6a, -T)cr0e, -wrrai

O-elfi-qv, -eto, -e?ro

6-elpLedov, -eicfôv,

6-dfie6a, -elade, -eivro

* These forms are usually contracted

f Otherwise accented,1.

I

riBSX GRKEK READKK. 93

—continued.

VOICE.

IMPERATIVE. 1 ISFIHITITK. j PARTICIPL8.

—, Ti$-ei [Tie-idi], -hu—, Tid-erov, -irojv

—, rld-ere, -ivrwv {-h-ta-

cav]

Tid-iyai

TiB-eiffo, -elffiji

Tid-iv, -irros


-, e-h (for OiOi), -h-u—, O-irof, -irup—, d-ere, -irrvp [-iruaop)

d-firat

O-eiffOi, -eLffrjs

e-ip, -4vTos

VOICE.

— rld-ov {(orTideffoj.-iffOu)

—, Tl$-ea0e, -icOuv [-ia-

Ouxrav]

rlO-caOai Ttd-ifiepos, -ffjL^ov

TiS-efUmj, -euiinr\s

TtB-ifuvov, -^ivov


—, 0-o\j (for Qiao), -loOu—, 9-icdow, -iaQup

—, e-icOe, -iaOur {-Muhffav)

e-4c0ai 0-iftevot, -€fUvov

9-ifiePOf, -€fih>ov

into -eiTov, -€Ln]i>, See.

94 FmST G£E££ READER.

VERBS IN -fii

ACTIVE

INDICATIVB. SUBJUNCTIVE. OPTATIVE.

Pres.— (I Rive, &c.)

S. Sld-w/j.1, -wj, -W(Ti 5t5-w, -(ps, -(p Si5-o[r]P, -olrjs, -olri

D.—, did-OTOP, -oTov — , SlS-wtop, -Qtop —, diS-oli}TOP, -oirp-riP

P. U8-ofi€v, -ore, -6d(ri(v) StS-ufiep, -Gire, -w(Ti[p) Si5-oi7]fi€P, -olrp'e, -oiep

(or 5i5-o0o-i) {ol7](rap)

Iinperf.— (I was giving, &c.)

S. iSld-icv, -wr, -w

D.—, iSlS-orov, -bryip wanting wanting

V. iSid-o/Mev, -ore, -ocrap

Aor. II.— (I gave, &c.)

S. I5w-/ca, -Kas, -Ke 5-w, -<?s, -V 5-oiTjP, -olr]!, -oIt]

U. , IS-OTOV, -6t7jv — , 8-Qtop, -wtop — , b-oitfrop, -oirp-r]p

P. iS-ofiep, -ore, -oaav, or 5-wpLep, -GiTe, -w(rt(>') 8-ol7]fiep, -olrp-e, -oiei>

^SUKCW {•olt](Tap)

MIDDLE

Pres.— (I give myself; <fcc)

S. SlS-onai, -0(7oi, -oral

D. Sid-6/xedop, -oadop, -o-

ffdoP

P. 5id-6/J.€9a, -oade, -ovrai

dt-d-di/jLeOop

-wcOop

SiS-difieda,

-WPTdl

(f,-urai

-Qffdop,

-waOe,

Sld-olflTJP, -010, -OITO

diS-olfiedop, -oiadop,

-oiad-qp

5iS-oiiJ,e9a, -otade,

-OiPTO

Imperf.— (I was giving

myself, <fcc)

S. ibiZ-bfi-qp, -OV {-0(T0), -OTO

D. idid-6nedov, -offdop,

-bce-qp

P. i8i8-b)xeea, -o<r6e, -opto

wanting wanting

Aor. II.— (I gave myself;

Ac)

S. iS-6fJ.r)p, -OV, {-oao),

•OTO

D. id-6^e6op, -oadop, -6-

c6t]P

P. iS-6/ieda, -oaOe, -opto

S-UfJMI., --

-QaOt, -u>-

S olfj.r]P, t-dio, -olro

d-olfiedop, -oi<T0op,

-olaO-qp

5-olfj.eOa, -oiaBe, -oZVre

J

FIBST GREEK HEABfiB. 95

—continued.

70ICK

IMPBRATITK. INHNITITE. PARTICIPLK.

— , 5i5-ou (5/5-o^i), -irw

—, 5/5-orov, -irrujv

— , 5t5-OTe, -bvTwv (-6^a^

5t3-6vot Sid-ovs, -6VT0S

Sid-ovffa, -0VCT1JS

8iS-6v, -6vTos

wantiDg wanting wanting

—, 5-6tov, -6tii)p

—, d&re, -bvrav [-&Tia-

aav]

SoOvcu

Sovffa, Sovar]S

S6v, S6irros

bVOICE.

—, 5/5-ou {-<xTo), -6<t9w

—, dlS-oaOoy, -b<jQwv

— . 5/8-00-^6, -baOusv (-6-

SlS-oa0ai Si5-6fievoi, -0/j.ivov

StS-6fuyov, -o/xipov


—, 8o0 (36cro), loodu)

.—, S6c0ov, SixrOuv

—, hbcBe, SScOuv 56-

86ff0aA 56fievoi, Sofi4vov

So/xhrrj, So/ji^rrjs

SSfievov, hofihav

VERBS IN -fxi

ACTIVE

INDICATIVB. SUBJUNOTIVH. OPTATIVE.

Pres.—(I show, &c.)

S. SelKPv-fu, -y, -<n

D.—, SelKvv-Tov, -TOP

P. SelKvv-ixev, -re, -dffi[i')

[or S€iKvvffi{v]]

Seiiani-(i), -jis, -jfc &C.,

(formed regularly

from deiKPiJw)

8eiKvi-oi/xif -otj, &c.,

(from SeiKPvu)

Imperf.— (I was showing,

S. iSelKvv-v, -s, iSelKvv

D.—, iSeiKvv-Tov, -TTJv

P. iSeiKuv-nev, -re, -(rap

wanting wanting

MIDDLE

Pres.—(I show myself, &c.)

S. delKPv/JUii, -ffai, -rai

D. SeiKvi-fieOop,-aOop,-a0op

P. deiKvv-neda, -ff$e, -vtm

SeiKv^-ufiai, -77, &c.,

(from SeiKP^u)

deiKPV-olfirjp, -010, &c.,

(from SetJwiJw)

Imperf.— (I was showingmyself, <fcc.)

S. iSeiKPv-/J,r]P, -(TO, -TO

D. ideiKprj-fieOov, -cdop,

-(rOrjp

P. i8eiKpA-/ie9a, -(rde, -rro

wanting wanting

The parts of these Verbs which do not appear in the foregoing Tables are

ACTIVE.Pres.

T[&Tr)fii

T[d7]/M

5lScj}fii

SelKvvfit

Imperf.tcrrriP

h-ie-nv

i5i5(i)V

Put. |Aor. 1.

(jT'^(ri)) Scrrrjcra

di)(r<i} \id7}Ka

ld€licvvp,Sel((i) i^Set^a

Aor.n,?CrT7]P

(ISwv)

Perf.I

Plup.

rideiK(vh-^6elKea>

d^Seixd'iSeSelxeiP,

Pres.

t(jTafiai

rtOefiai

Slbo/J-at

SelKPVfiai

Imperf.tffTafiriv

iSiSdfit^p

iSeiKPiJuriP I

FTBST GREEK BEADES. 97

—continued.

VOICE.

IMPEBATITE. INFISITIVE. PARTICIPLE.

—, ielKvv [hflicvvBC], SeiK-

PVTU, deiKW-TOP, -TOW

—, SelKvv-Te, -vrwv {-rv-

ffav)

Seucpv-pcu • Seucyi-i, -rros

SetKPiHTa, -aifi

SeiKvi-f) -pros

wanting wHnting wanting

VOICE.

—, SeiKvii-ffo, -(tOw

—, SelKW-ffOov, -adwv

—, idKvu-ffde, -ffOwv [-ffObi-

aap)

StlKWV-ffBcU

ittKwv-ftim}, -/limji

SeiKvi-fjieyoy, -/livov


declined regularly. All the Tenses are seen in the following scheme:

—

PASSIVE.Fut.

I

Aor. I. Pert0ra6-fyToiiai icrridtpi Ifarafiai

Ttd^ffo/juu iridriv ridft/iai,

iod-^ffofiai i560T]v S^dofiai

Plup.

iredel/jLijv

iSedeiyfirjv

MIDDLK

Pres. andImperf.

same as in

Passive.

Fut. ! Aor.

$-f)<rofuu \idinyiv

SdlCOfJLCU \iS6fJLT]P

ACTIVE VOICE.

EXERCISE XXIV.

ol crrpariMTai Tpoiraiov e(TTrj(rav (1 aor.) ol

iTTTrei^ etf )(i\iovs Trapa l^Xeap-ôv ecmja-av (2 aor.)

roi^ auOpcoTTOig Geo? iroXXa ayaOa riOrjcriu. ol Oeol

iravra to. ayaOa SiSoda-i. K.vpo9 eSooKe J^Xedp-^w

fivpiov^ SapeiKovS' oo^ irov (ttu), koi tov Koajmov

KLvrjaoo. S6t€ rjixiv TO. î<pr}. fj vrjCTO^ (palverai irvp ava-

SiSovaa j/u/fTo?. ol TToXefxioi eTirov, oTi ovk aTroSoiev

Tovs vcKpovs. ol apyovre^ T01/9 vo/nov^ TcOeiKdcnv.

KardOeg fxicrOov tois Sov\oi(i. u/xei"? tou? Â.9rjvaLOV^

emcrare Ta fiaKpa a-Trjcfai Tel-^. ol crTpaTrjyol

dOXa Tots (rrpaTiu)Tai<! eOecrav. TTtj (ttu). ovk e^w

oTi eKaa-Ttp tcov (piXoov r^w. ovk eêcrnv dvSp). Qtjâio)

cKQelvai TraiSlov. A^VKOvpyog, 6 Oe^s A-aKeSaijuovioig

vojuovg, cro^coraTOf ^v. vfiiu evrvêiv Sotev ol Qeol.

CTTriXri ecTTriKe irapa tov vaov ypafx/xaTa eyovcra.

The father gave (1 aor.) the book to his son.

Give the shepherd his staff again.* The Greeks have

given Cyrus ten thousand soldiers. Where shall westand? (2 aor. suhj.) The island revolted from the

Athenians. (I pray that) God would grant (2 aor.

opt.) me faithful friends. We very much admire

Lycurgus, who made (lit. the person having made,

—

2 aor. part, act.) laws for the Lacedaemonians. Yerich! give some part of your goods to the poor. The

general has given thirty* days' pay (say, the pay of

tliirty days) to the soldiers.

* Use aTToit'Sufu when the meaning is to give back, or to givt what is dm, Aa

I

FIKST GEEEK READKB. 99

MIDDLE AND PASSIVE VOICE&

EXEECISE XXV.

01 crrpaTiurrai <tvv iroXK^ <TirovSrj KaOlcrravTo.

/j.T]Seva Koxov av 6€i/j.r]v aTpaTtjyov. r^ (rrpaTin

t6t€ /ulktOo^ Terrdpoou ixrjvwv viro J^vpov aireSoOt].

€Ka<TTU) Twv orpaTiurrwv (rrecparo^ yjtova-ov^ SeooTai.

K.vpo9, Trpos jSacriXea TrefXTrwv, rj^lov SoOtjuai oi (to

him) Tavrag tci^ TroXeig, fiaWov t] Ticr(Ta(p€pyr]P

ap-^€iv avTwv. Aa(pviv tov ôvkoXov Xeyovai Te^-

Oivra €KTeBrjvai ev Sdcpvr], oOev koi to ovo/xa eXaêv.

YlXaTcov Trpo<i ÂplcTTnnrov eiVe, (roi ixovcp SeSoTai

Ka\ ^(Xa/uLvSa eu (popelv koi pdxo^. YivQayopa^ TXeye,

Svo Taura €K twv Oewv TOiy dvBpwiroi^ SeSoaOai koX-

Xicrra, to re aXtjOeveiv koi to evepyereh. 6 oJvo^ et'?

Tt]v larpiKtjv -^rjcri/uLwTaTos, "ttoXXoki^ yap Tofj iroTOis

(papfiaK0i9 Kepavi/irrai.

His own cutlass was returned to the sailor. Asilver crown was given to each of the slaves. Six

clays' pay was given by Tissaphemes to his soldiers.

The soldiers of {King) Perses post themselves {i.e.,

fall into position) in great haste. Socrates used-to-

say {vmjperf) that many blessings have been given

by the gods to men. The infant was exposed on a

high mountain. Plato used-to-say to Aristippus that

to him only it had been granted to wear becomingly

both the robe-of-wealth (;^Xa/iu?) and the-garment-of-

poverty {poKo^). The soldiers were put in position

with great haste.

100 FIKST GREEK HEADER.

SECTION XVI.

The following Irregular Verbs in -lu are those most frequently met

consult the Greek Grammar, and Buttmann's or Veitch's •' Irregular

in its inflexions from ridijiu. The compounds, i,<pl-qiu, &c., are more

compounds.

ACTIVE

INDIOATITB. SUBJUNCTIVE. OPTATIVE.

Pres.— (I throw, or send, &c)S. t-rjfu, -171, -T/ffi, &c., [the

3d pi. is l-a<n[v)]

l-Q, -§s, -f, &c. l-el7]», -elrfi, -el-q, &c

Imperf.

—

S. X-ovv* or -eiv, -ijj or

-«s, -t] or -ei, -etov,

-irr^v, &c.

wanting wanting

Fut.-S. ri-ffu, &c. wanting Wanting

Aor.

—

S. y]Ka,\ yJKa^, rJKe

P. elftev, et-T€, el-aav

c5, «», V, &c- et-t]y, -Tis, -n, &c.

Perf.—S. el Ka, -Ktts, &e. wanting wanting

Plup.—S. et-K€lV, -K€IS, &c. wanting wanting

* tow, as in d^lovv, or ij<t>lovv : and Ua>, as in

PASSIVE

Pres.— (I am sent, &c)S. t-efuu, -Cffai or -{},

-erai, &c.

t-w/iai, &c. l-elfitip, &c. or -olfi-qf

Imperf.

—

8. l-ifJ-v^, -fffo (or -on),

-ero, &c.

wanting wanting

Perf.—S. tt-fuu, -aai, &c. wanting wanting

FIRST GB£EE KEADEB. 101

IRREGULAR VERBS IN -fxi.

with in the coarse of reading. For the others, the learner most

Greek Verbs."— The verb fij/u (stem I], I throw, differs but slightly

fireqnentlj used than the simple verb. Many of the parts occur only in

VOICE.

IMPERATIVE. ISFI5ITIVK. PARTICIPLE.

—, X-ei, -4tu, -€tov, &c l-th, -tiaa, -4v


wanting wanting wantinir

, ?-», -TW, -TOP, &C. tl-^tu. fU, ttaa, h



1)<plea>, Tpctteof. f See aorist active of rWiutu

VOICE.

—, l-€co (or -ow), -laOd),

&c.i-eaOax Ufiei^-os, -17, -Of


—, (l-CO, &c. elaBiu elfjJp-os, -T), -w

103 FIRST Gr.EBK READER.

IRREGULAR VERBSPASSIVE VOICE

INDICATIVE. SUBJUKOTIVB. OPTATIVE.

Plup.-S. ei-fi7]Pf &c. wanting wanting

Fut. L-S. keiia-ofiJiii, &c. wanting wanting

Aor. I.-S. eX-e-qv or iO-nv, &c. i'0u>, &c. e-Oel-rjv, &c.

MIDDLE

Fut.—S. ij-ffofiai, &c. wanting ij-crolfjitiv, &c.

Aor. I.—S. {T]-Kd/l7]V, &c.) watititig wanting

Aor. II.-

S. ei-fM)v (or ?/*??»'), &c. (L/iai, &c. wanting

Verbal Adjectives

:

EIMI,Some of the forms of dfil, I am, which is defective, differ from tliose

Pres.—S. el-nl, eT, i<T-rt{u) <S, ^-J, i ef-ijp, -ijs, -17

D.—, ia-rSv, -t6v —,^-TOy, -TOV —, el-tyrov or elroi',

-)^»;i' or etTjjv

P. i(T-iih, -t4, €l-ffl{v) (S-fiev, rpe, (2-<Tl{t>) dijixiv or eT/iei', efT/rc

or etre, el-i)<Tav, eXep

Imperf.—S. 1j-v (^), -(rOa, -V

D.—,i^-rov) Tja-tov, (^- wanting wanting

rT}v), ijff-triu

P. ^-fj.ev, -re or -<rte, -(rav

Fut.-S. fff-ofiai, -« or -5, -tttt ioolfii}P, Ste.

D. ia-6fJLedof>, -eaOov, -e- wantingo-^ov

P. i<T-6/ie0a, -e<rOe, -ovrai

FIRST GREEK READEB. 103

IN -/*'

—

continued.

—continued.

IMPERATIVE. INFINITIVE. PARTICIPLE.



—, VeTTTi, &c. i-6yivai i-eels, &c.

VOICE.

wanting TJ-aeadat wanting


-, 6v, iffdu t-adai i-fifvos, -rj, -OP

i-rdi and e-rios.

I am.of Itjpu only in the breathing. virdpx<^, &c., supply the parts deficient

— , iff-di, iff-Tw

, iff-TOV, -TCxTV

—, (<r-Te, -Tuffav, -ruv

el-yai UP, oSiTO, OP


wantinglae(r6ai icbfup-0%, -Tj, -or

104 FIBST GREEK RBA.DEB.

IRREGULAR VERBSEtfu (stem t), has a Future meaning, / shall go. Like elfd, I am, it is

by tlie accent, or

INDICATIVE. SUBJUNCTIVB. OPTATIVE.

Pres— (I shall go, &c)

S. et-fu, et, er-iTt(i')

D.— , t-TOV, -TOV

P. t-ix.€v, -re, -d(n(»^

t-U, -7JS, --0

, {1-7]T0V), (-r]TOV)

t-ufiev, -7)7$, -(i)crL{v)

t-oi/uorl-olrip, t-ois, -oi

—,

(^o^TOJ'), [1-oIti}v,

t-oifiiv, -ovre, -oi€i>

Imperf.—S. -^-etv or ^-a, iJ-ets or

-eiaOa, -et or -eiv

D.—, -Q-eiTov or ^-rov,

tJ elT-qv or q-tt]v

P. -Q eifiep or ^-fJ.ev, ^ eire

or j-re, -^-eaav

wanting wanting

Tlie verb #?;/*/ (stem 0a), I say, is conjugated much like

Pres.— (I say, <fcc.)

S. 4>r)-ixl, (j)ri-s, (J>t}-(tI{v) <pS), <f>rii, 05, &c. <pa.l-Tiv, -jjj, -ij, &cD. —, (pa-Tov, -t6v

P. <pa-fiiv, -ri, <pd-(Tl{v)

Imperf.

—

S. l-<p7]-v, (-s) -a-da, -(pT] [The Future, 0i}o-w,

D. , i(pa-TOV, €<pd-TT]V wanting are regular.]

P. icpa-fiev, -re, -aav

OrSa (stem lb, Lat. vict) I hnow, is a preteritive verb.

Perf.— (I know, <fec.)

S. olS-a, cit-aOa, ot8-e{v)

D. , tff-TOV, -TOV

P. t(r-/JL€V, -re, -d(ri{v)

elS-Q, -§!, &c. elS-el-qy, -cfiji, &C.

Plup.—S. ^S-etv or -7), -eiaOa or

-rjada, -eis or -77s, -et

or -et)', or -77

D. — ,^S-eiroi', i8-elT7jv

P. ^S-et/uev, -eire, -eo-av

(-et(Tav)

wanting wanting

Aor. n.—S. elSoj', &c. t8w, &c. Idoifu, &c.

FmST GREEK EEADEK. 105

IN -fit—continued.

very defective, and in some forms is distingukhed from the latter onlj

an iota subscript.

IMPERATIVE. ISFIXITIVE. PAr.TICIPLE.

—, t-Toy, -TUV— , f-Tf, -Tuxxay or Idyruf

t-iPOt l-unf, -ovffo, -69


toTTjfu, but wants the reduplication, and is defective.

—, (pa-dl or tpd dij (fxi-TW

—, <f>d-Toy, -Tuy

—, 4>d-Te, -TOMTor or -yruv

<pi-vai (^d;, -a<ro, -dv)

and the Ist Aorist, iifniaa,

wanting wanting

Its conjugation is much like that of verbs in -fu.

, I9-61, -TW, &C. eld-4ycu eli-dn, -wra, -6s


-. «^ IdeTy ISliiP, &C.

IRREGULAR VERBS IN -/ni—continued.

Keifiai (stem kc), I am lying (7 have laid myself), is originally a

perfect passive.


Pres.— (I am lying, <fec.)

S. Kei-/J.ai, -ffUL, -rai

D.Kei-fiedov, -aOov, -aOov

P. Kel-fj,e6a, -ade, -jTat

[Ki-wfiaC], {Ki-rj}, ni-

Tjrai

wanting

(Ke-olfirip), [K^-oio), Ki-

OITO

wanting

, , K&OLVTO

IMPERATIVE. INFINITIVE. Imperf.—S. iKel-/j.T]v, -co, -TO

D. iKcl-fiedov, -ctOop,

P. iKei-ixeOa, -aOe, -vto

Pres.—S. —, KeT-ffo, -<r6w

D.—, Ke'i-<jdov, -aduv

P. wanting

KeT-crOai

PABTICIPLE.

Ktlfia>-Ot, -7}, -ov

The verb Hyuat (stem i), I sit [I have seated myself), is originally a per-

fect passive. It is used in Attic prose only in the compound Kid-q/xai,

I sit, or sit down.


Pres.—(I sit, &c.)

S. ^-/iat, -aai, -<rrai

D.ij-fjiedov, -<rdoj>, -adov

P. rj-fieOa, -ffOe, -vrai

wanting wanting

IMPERATIVE. INFINITIVE. Imperf.—S. 7l-fl7)V, -ffO, -ffTO

D. ^-fieOov, -oOov, -aO-rjv

P. ft-fjiiOa, -ffOe, -VTO

Pres.—S. —, 7)-ffo, -adu)

D.—, -fj-aOov, -aOwv

P. —, ff-ade, -aOuaav

fl-aOai.

PARTICIPLE.

^fiep-os, -f], -ov

PART IL

EXTRACTS FOR READING.

SECTION i.

THE WITTICISMS (OF HIEROCLES).

J . 2ôAa(TTt/f09 KoXvfxjSav ôvXafMeuo^ irapa /jlikoov

cirnyrj' w/xocrev ovv fi^ aypâadai vSaroi, eav jxr}

irpwTOV fiaOrj Ko\v[J.âv.

2. 2ôXa(TTt>co9 (piXui (Tvvavrrjaa^ etire, Ka0'

i TTVoui ere iSwv Trpocrtjyopevcra. 'O Se,—^vyyvcoOi

jjioi, oTi oil irpocrea-ôv.

3. 2ôXa(TTi/co9, vocrovvra eTrKTKeTrTOfJLevog, ^purra

Trep] Ttjs vyielag- 6 Se ovk ^Svvaro aTroKpiOtjvar

opytcrOeis ovv e^tjXeyêv,—'EATr/tw Kcifxe vocrrjaai, koi

eXOouTi (Toi juLt] aTTOKpiBrjvai.

4. ^-ôXacTTiKog idrpw crvvairr^cra?,—^vyû>ptj<r6v

fjioi, etVe, Koi firj juloi /xe/A\|/-p, OTi ovk euoaijara.

5. 2ôXa<TTi/coy OeXcov top lirirov avrov SiSdâi fit]

Tpwyeiv TToXKa, ov TrapeâXev avrw Tpo(prU, 'Atto-

dauovTog Se tov Ittttov tS) Xl/i^, eXeye,—Me-ya

e^rjfjLiwOrjv, OTe yap e/xaOe ixrj TpcoyeiVy Tore airedave.

6. SôXaoTi/cof, oiKiav ttcoXuii', XiOov air avrtj^ cif

SeiyfjLa irepitcpepe.

{123) a

7. ^yoXaa-TiKO^ OeXcov elSevai, et Trpiirei avT<a

KoijuacrOqi, Kajut-iuva-a^ eluoTTTpiCêTO.

8. 2ôXacrTt/co9, larpw cruvavriâ-as, vtto toi-ôv

eKOv^r], Tti/o? ê ttvOoju^vov t^v airlav, e(pr],—Kai-

pov evft) fj.r] acrQevrjaaî kol aicr-^vvo//.ai et'y o\|/-ti/ eXOeh

Tov laTpov,

9. ^'ôXacTTiKog Â/mivaiav e-^cov, ea-cppayicrev avTrjv.

Tov Se SovXov KarooOev Tprjo-avro^, kol tov oIvou

aipovTO<s, eOavixatev on, Twv (rrnxavrpociv acooov ovrcov,

6 olvoi eXarrovTO' erepo^ eiTrev,—'Opa, /mrj KaroaOev

a(pt]pe6r]. 'O ê etirev,—ÂfxaOecrraTe, ov to KarwOev

Xeiirei, aXXa ro avcoOev fiipog.

10. SôXacTTZ/fo?, iSiov crrpovOia eirl SevSpov,

XaOpa vireicreXOwv {/(paTrXuxraTO r6v koXttov, Kal ecreie

TO SeuSpov^ o)? vTToSeôfxevoi ra (rrpovdia.

1 1 . SôXacTTfa:6? crôXacrTJ/cft) (TvvavT^cra^ elirev,—^fiaOov oTi aireQave^' KaKeivo?,—'AXX' opa^ fxe en,

ecprj, ôoura' Kol 6 cr-ôXacrTiKos,—Kat imrjv 6 eiTrdiv

jULOi ttoXXm crov aîOTricrTOTepos virap-êi.

12. '^/•ôXaa-TiKoi;, eu tm iScm aypcp eîcou, ^pcoTa

TTceiu vSoop, €1 KaXov ev tw avroOi (ppiarr twv Se

iprja-avTcov on koXov, kuc yap oi yovet^ avTov e^ avTOu

'iirlvov Kat TrtjXiKOv^, €(ptj, ei-ôv TpayîjXovi, on ei"?

ToaovTOU 'âOo^ Trlveiv rjSvvavro.

13. 2ôXa(rTt/c09 juadcou on 6 Kopa^ inrep ra

SiaKocria errj i^fj, ayopdcrag KopaKa e/f cnroTreipav

erpecpe.

14. SôXacTTi/co? etV -êtjuoova vavdyoou, /cat Tfov

trvfiTrXeoirrcov eKaa-TOV TrepiTrXeKOjuevoov crKevovg irpos to

(rtadrjvai, eKeiuos juiav tcov ayKupcov TrepieirXeâTO.

FIBST GB£EK SEADEB. 109

15. AtSuficov aSeXcpwv eTy ereXevrtja-e. 2ôXo-

CTTiKO^ ovv airavnâ-a^ tw ^wyri i/jOwra,—2.y axe'âvcy,

// 6 ade\<p6s <TOU ;

16. 2yoXao~r//coy, vavdyeiv ^leXXwv, TrivaKioas

^Tei, 'iva Siad^Kug ypd<pr]' Toy? ê ot/cera? opwu aX-

yovvras Sia tov kivSvvov, €(pr],—Mj? XuireiaOe, eXev-

6epw yap vfia^.

17. 2ôXa<TTf/f6? TTOTapLov ôvXQfi€vo9 Trcpacraiy

avijXOev e? to ttXoiov edxxTroy irvOofxevou oe tivos ttiv

aiTiav, €(pr] cnrovoaCîv.

1 8. SôXaoTt/co? a—opwv Sairavrii4.aTUiVy to. îpXla

avTov e—'Lirpa<TK€f Kai, ypacpwv irpo^ tov TraTepa,

eXeye,—^vyâipe rifiiv, TraTep- tjSrj yap rjixa^ Tct

î^Xla Tp€(p€l.

1 9. ^ôXatrTiKOv vl6<s, viro tov iraTpo^ ei'y TroXe/mov

eKire/xirofJievoî virea-êro evoy tuiv ejÔpcov KecpoXrjv

aydyeiv. 'O oe ecbr],—Euô/iat Kai y^coph KecpaXijg

ae eXOovra, ixovov vyirj ovra, iSeiv, Kai €v<ppav6r}vai.

20. 2ôXa<7Tt/caj (biXog eypa^êv ev 'EXXa^t ovTif

î^Xla avTw ayopacrar tov Se ajmeXâavTog, coy, /xerct

ypovov, Tw (piXo) (TVVUXpBr], eiire, Trjv i-TrKJToXrjv tjv

irepi I3iî(i}v cnreoTeiXai juloi, ovk eKOfMiad/xtjv.

21. 2ôXa(TT(/coy fivv eOeXcoy iridaai, trwe^wy tu

î^la TpwyovTa, Kpea^ Sokiov evavrla eKaOiae.

22. 2ôXacrTi/f09 KaT ovap iSiov ôv -TreTraTtjKivai,

Kai ooây aXyeiv tov Trooa, TrepieSiâ-aTO. "Erefloy

oe fiaOiov Tr]v aiTiav ecprj,—AiaTi yap awTroStjTOf

KaOeuSei^;

110 FtKST GREEK READEH.

SECTION II.

ANECDOTES.1. ANECDOTES OF PHILOSOPHEES.

ZENO.

1 , 7jriv(av SovXov eTTi kXottJj efiaa-riyov. Tou Se

eiTTom-og, elfxapTO /not /cAe\|/âi,

—

koi Sap^vai, ecprj. 2.

IIoo? TO (bXvapovv [xeipaKiov,—Ata tovto, eJire, Svo wra

cYO/mev, (jToiuLa Se ev, Iva irKeloo jxev aKovcofxev, rjrrova

§e Xiyoo/iiev. 3. Neaj^/cr/cou ttoXXcc XaXovvroi, Znjvcvv

€(br],—Ta toTci a-ov e/? t}]v yXwrrav crvveppvtjKev

ARISTOTLE,

4. ÂpL(TT0Te\t]9 oveiSiâ/uLems ttotc, on Trovtjpia

avOpcoTTW eXerjjuocrvvrjv eSooKev,—Ou tou Tpoirov, e<pr],

aXXa Tov avOpcoirov rjXericTa. 5, Toy? ÂOtjvalov^

ecbacTKev evprjKevai irvpou^ Kai vo/jlovs' aXXa irvpol^ juev

^rjcrOf^h vofioi? Se jmr/. 6. Tlpog tov Kav^w/mevov, ws

airo fieyaXtjs ttoXccos e^tj,—Ou tovto, ^cpr), Set cTKOTrdv,

aXX' et' Ti? /neyaXr}^ iraTpiSo^ aî6<i icTTiv.

7. ÂpiCTTOTeXf]? ej/o^Xoi/yUez/o? vtt aooXea-ôv, Kat

KOTTTOfxepos aTOTTOt? tictI Sitjy^fxacri, ttoXXukis uvtov

Xeyoirrog, ov davfjaa-TOP o ti Xiyw\—Ou tovto, ^rjai,

Oavjuaa-Tov, aXX' e? Tip TroSas e-^cov ere vTFOfievei.

PLATO.

8. IIXaTWv Opacrvvoixevov iScov Tiva irpoi tov eauTi

TTUTepa,—Ou TraucT/?, fxeipuKiov, enre, tovtov kutQ'

J

I

FIRST GREEK READER 111

(f)povo}V, di ov /uLeya (ppouetv aîois', 9. TlXdrcou

opyiôfxevo^ TTOTC TU) oiKeTr], exicrTarro? 'iElêvoKpoLTOvg,

—Aa/Sajv, €<pt], TovTov, fiacmyaxroi'' iyo) yap opyi-

SOCRATES.

10. ôoKparrj^ Trpog 'iâpQiTnrrjv, irpoTepov fxkv

XoiSopovcrav, varepov Se Koi irepi-êaa-av avrw,—OmtKeyov, etirev, oti lEavBiTrTrrj ^poiTwo-a Ka\ vSwp

TTCfiypêi', 11. TLpo^ÂXKiîdSijv eiiroPTa, Ovk dveiCTt]

ri 'âvOlinrrj XoiSopovaaf—Ou koi <ry, elire, ^tjvwp

ôwvTwv dvej^t].

DIOGENES.

1 2. Aioyeprjg TTjOO? top elirovra, kokov elvai to 'Qiî—ov TO X.^v, eiTrev, dXXa To KaKws ^^v. 1 3. Aioyevt}^

6 îvooTreug, 6 kvwu eiriKCiXovixevog, iravri Toirw eyprjro

eU Travra, dpicrTwv Te koi Kadevooop Kal oiaXeyofxevog.

HajcTJjpia eirajpeicraTO dadevrjaa^' eireiTa fxevroi KCti

SiaTravTog e(p6pei avrriv. Kat irripav eKO/ULicraTo, evOa

avT(i) TO. (TiTia ^v. 'ETTioê/Xas Se Tin oiKiSiov avrco

Trpovo^cracrOaifKai. /SpaSuvom-og, ttiOov tivcl eayev oiKiav.

14 Geacra/xefo? TroTe iraioiov Taig X^P^'' "^^^^^f

eêppiyê T^y irrjpag ttjv KOTuXrjv, eiircoVf—^TLaiSlov fie

vevLKTiKev evTeXela. 'Eê/3aXe ê koI to Tpv^Xlov,

ofiolwi iraiolov Qeaadfievog, eireiori /caTeaê to CAceuof,

Tw KoiXw dpTU) T^v (bcucrju vTToSeôfievov.

15. Mo^0>7|0oy Tivog dvOpwirov eTriypaypâiôs exJ

Tt]v oiKiav, ÎrjSev eicriTO} kokow—^'O ouv Kvpiog Trjs

oiKias, ^(pr], TTOv eiaiXOoi dv'., 16. Tlpog tovj epirvcrap'

Tag ext Tr]v TpdireTav fxvg,—

'looJ, (pT](rif koi AioyevT}^

xapaaiTOv^ Tpicpei. 1 7. IIpos tov irvOo/uievov, irola

112 FEBST QKEEK EEADER.

wpa Sec apia-Tciv,—Et fxev -rXova-io^, €(pt], orau OeXrj, el

Se "Trevrjs, orav e^>?. 18. TLXdrcovos opicrajULevou,—"A^vOpcaTTOs ecTTL Xpiov Slirovv, uTrrepov—koi evSoKi-

fiovvTog, TiXas oXeKrpvova eccnjvejKev els Ttjv a-yoXrjv

avTOv, Koi ecbrj,—Outo'j ecrriv 6 nXarcovo? avOpcoTrog.

ANTISTHENES.

1 9. Â.vTKrdivrj'i TTore eTraivovfievog viro Trovrjpwv,—Âyooviu), echrj, fir] n kukov e'lpyaa-jmai. 20. ^JSipoort]-

Gels, Ti avTW Ttepiyeyovev e/c (pi\o(ro(plag, e<pr],—ToSvi'aa-Qai eaurcp o/miXeiv.

21. Aiperwrepov elirev elvai, els KopaKas e/JLirecreiv,

t] els KoXaKas' rovs fiev yap airoOavovTOs to arco/ita,

Tovs Se "CcoPTos Trju yp-v^r]v Xvfialvea-Oai.

SOLON. GORGIAS.

22. SoXcov oLTro/SaXlbv vlov eKKavcrev. Îttovtos Se

Tivos Trpos avTOV, cos ovoev irpovpyov iroiei KXaicov,—Ai' avTo yap tol tovto, e(pr], KXalco. 23. Topylaso

A.eovTivos ep(i)T>]9els, ttoiol SiaiTrj yjnafxevos els fxaKpov

ytjpas riXOev,—OvSev ovSeirore, edn], irpos rjoovrjv oure

chaywv, oure Spdcras. 24. Yopylas "lorj yrjpaios vTvap-

^ft)i/, ep(OTri6els, el ^Secos airodvijaKoi,— MaXicrra,

elirev wcnrep yap e/c aairpov Ka\ peovros oIkiOiov

acr/xei/cos aTraXXaTTOfiLai,

PITTACUS. XENOPHON.

25. TliTTttKos dSiKTjOels VTTO TivoSi KOI e'^wv eôvalav

avTov KoXacrai, dcbrJKev, elirwVf—^vyyvco/at] Tijucoplas

aueivcov to /aev yap rjixepov (bvaecos ecrrl, to Se

FIEST GREEK READER. 113

OripiooSovg. 26. TpvXXo^, 6 'iE,evo(pu)vt09 vi6g, ev rp

/wa^j; -Trep] ^lavrlveiav la")(yp(i}g aywvicrafxevo'; ereXeu-

Trjcrev. 'ijj' TavTt] Trj M«X?' '^"^ 'Exa/UtKoj/oa? cTrecre.

TrjviKavta Si] koi tov 'êvocpoyvra (paari dveiv earefx-

fievov ciTrayyeXdevTOi Se avrw tov Qavarov tov iraiooî

cnroaTechai'uxraa-Oar eTreiTU fxaOovra oTi yevvaiax;,

irdXiv eTTiOeaOai tov (rrecpavov. Êfiot oe ovoe oaKpv-

aal (paaiv avTov, aXXa yap elirdv, ^Seiv Qvrp-ov

yeyevvriKU)^.

2. AITECDOTES OP STATESMEN AND KINGS.

ARCHELAUS. DIONYSltJS.

27. âpievTOii 6 jSatr/Xeu? 'A^êXao?, aôXeo-ôy

Kovpecog '7repiBaX6vT0<; avrw to ui/uoXivov, kui Trvdofxe-

voVi—Wo)^ are Kelpoo, â(TiXev\—'Zîunrwv, €(pt]. 28. 'O

peurrepo^ Aiovvaio^ eXeye TroXXoy? Tpecbeiv <ro(picrrai,

ov 6av/j.a.lCoov CKeivov^, aXXcit ci eKeivoav OavâCeG'Qai

ôvXofMevo^.

PHILIP, KING OF MACEDOX.

29. ÎXnnro^ eXeye, KpeiTTOv etvai (TTpaTOTreoov

eXacpwv, Xeoi>TO? a^paTtjyovirro^, tj Xeom-wv, eXacpov

(TTpoTrjyovvTO^. 30. îXiinro^, 6 ÂXe^dvopov iraTrip,

AOrjvalov^ /uaKaplteiv eXeyev, ei KaB eKacrrov eviavTov

aipeicrOai Scko (rTpaTt]yovg evpl<TKOvaiv airros yo.p

€v TToXXoig €T€(riv eUa fi6voP drpaTriyov evprjKevai,

JJap/xevlcova. 31. îXnnro^ ipcoTwimevos, ov(rTivaf

fxaXicrra (piXei, Ka\ ovaTivag /j.dXi<rTa fiKrei,—Toyj

/xeXXovTa^, ecprj, TrpoSiSovai fidXccrra (piXwf Tovg ^'

yof] irpoSeScoKOTa^ fxaXicTTa ixiaw.

32. 'El/ Jâipwveia rou^ ÂQrjvalov^ fxeyaXr] viKt

eviKt]cre îXiTnrog. ^^Ti-apOeh ê Trj evirpayia, wcto

Seiv avTOv VTrofiijuvijcrKea-Oai, on apOpMTro? ecTTiv, Kai

Trpocreraê iraiSl tlvi tovto epyou e-êiv. TjoJ? o«

eKaoTTr]^ rjfMepa^ 6 irai^ eXeyev avT(p,—îXnnre avOpo)-

TTOs el.

ALEXANDER THE GREAT.

33. 'O ÂXeâvSpo? Aioyevei e/? Xoyov^ eXOdov,

ouToo KareTrXayrj tov ^'lov koL to a^mfia tov avopo^,

(jO(TT€ TToXXaKi^ avTOV juLvrjjuovevoov XiyeiVf ei fxr] A.Xe^-

avSpos fJlJ-riv, Aioyevr]^ dv rnjLrjv. 84. ÂXeâvopog

ÂvaPap-vov nrepL KoaiJiWV aTreipla^ glkovoov eSoLKpve, Kat

ro)V (biXcov epwrrjcrdvTwv avTov, tL SaKpvei',—Ovk

apLoVi €<pr], SaKpveiv, ei koo-julcov ovtmv aireLpwv, ej/os

ovSeTTO) KvpioL yeyova/iiev',

THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER.

35. TlroXeiuLaiov (pacri tov Adyou, KUTairXovTi-

tovTa Tovs (piXovs avTov VTrep-âipeiv eXeye oe,

ajJiCLvov elvai TrXovTitîp rj TrXovTeiv. 36. AvTiyovo^

Trpos Tiva /maKapitovcrav avTOv ypavv,—Ei fjoeis, €(pt],

CO ixrjTep, oacov KaKwv ixeaTOv ecrTi tovti to paKog,

SetPas TO SidSr]iua, ovk dv eirl Koirpia^ Keifxevov avTO

e/Saa-Taa-as.

THEMISTOCLES.

37. Oe/uii(TTOKXrjg epcoTrjOeh TroTepov 'A^/XXei/j

eôvXer dv eJvai ^ "Ofirjpog ',2u ê avTO^, ecfyrjt

TTOTCpov fjOeXeg 6 vikwv ev ÔXv/UL7rid(nv rj 6 KrjpvarcruiV

Tovs viKOJVTas elvai ;

FTRST GREEK READER. 115

38. Q€/j.i<TTOKXr}^ "Trpoq top ûpv/3idSr]v tov Aa/ce-

oaifMovtov eXeye rt virevavriov, kolI aveTeivev avrw ttjv

âKTT]piav 6 ^vpvjSidSr]^. 'O Se, Trdraôu fxev, ecprj,

aKOVcrov oe* ôei oe, OTi d fiiWei Xeyeiv tw koivu

XvcriTeXei. 39. êpKpiov TIV09 Trpoi avTOV eiirovrog,

ftj? ov Si* avTov, dXXd Sia ttjv irdXiv evSoôs eoTii/,

dXt]dr} Xiyei?, elirev, aXX' out' dv iyw êplcpio^ coi/

eyevojxtjv evSoô^, ouTe crv, *A.Bt}vaio^.

EPAJnNONDAS.

40. 'ETra/xifftji'ây eva «;j(e TpljScova' ei Se ttotc

avTOv eoooKcv ei? yvacbelov, avros VTrefievev oIkoi Si

inroplav kripov. 41. 'ETra^ttfwi/ây, o Qrjâios, iSoiP

crTpaTOireSov ju.€ya Ka\ kqXov, OTpaTTjyov ovk eÔf,

—

'HXiKov, e(i)J7, Orjplov, Ka\ KccbaXijv ovk^X^''

PERICLES.

42. 'O TlepiKXrj^ ev Tea Xoi/mw tou? iraiSag airo-

âXwv, avSpeiorara tov Qdvarov avrwv t/veyKe, Kai

Travra^ A.0r]valov^ e-Treicre tov? twv (biXTOTCOv Qava-

Tovi evOvfxoTepov (pepeiv.

SECTION III.

FABLES OF >ESOP.

1. THE WOLF.

AuK-o? ISicv TTOifxevas ea-Olovrag ev a-Ktjvrj Trpoparov,

e^'yy? Trpoa-eXOcov,—'HX//C09, tcprj, dv rjv Oopvpos, «

ryti) TovTo eTToiovi !

2. THE LIONESS.

Aêaiva, oveiSiTofievt] vtt aAcoTre/co?, cttI to Sia

TravTO? eva TiKreiv,—•' Eva, ecj))], aXXci Xeovra.

3. THE GNAT AND THE OX.

Kft)vc«)\|/ cttJ Kepdro^ ôo^ eKaOecrOr] kox tjvXer etire

Se TTpos TOP (iovv,—Ei âpu) crov tov Tevovra, ava-

ywpriaw. 'O oe e(prjy—Ot/re ore rjXQe^ eyvcop, ovre eav

uevrj^, ixekrjcrei fxoi.

4. THE HUSBANDMAN AND THE SNAKE.

Yecopyog êi/uoovo? wpa ocpiv evpcov viro Kpvovg ire-

TTJjyoTa, TovTOv Xa/Scov vtto koXttov KaredeTO. Oep-

fxavOeiq Se CKeivos, kuI avaXa/Scov Trjv iSiav <pv(xiv,

eirXriê tov evepyeTrjv.

5. THE FOX AND THE BUNCH OF GRAPES.

BoTiOfa? TreTrelpovs aXwirrj^ Kpefxa/mevovs iSovcra,

TOVTOV^ eireipoLTO KaTacpayeiv. lloXXa Se Ka/movcra

KOI ixrj ovvriQelaa ypâvcrai, Trjv Xvirtjv TrapajuvOovfievt],

eXeyev,—' OfKpaKe^ eTi eicriv.

6. THE KID AND THE WOLF.

EipKpos CTTi Tivoi ScofiaTOf ecTTCOS, CTreiSr] Xvkov

irapiovTa eioev, eXoioopei kq). ecrKooTTTCv avTov. 'O

oe XvKog 'i(prj,— "^Q, ouTOSf ov arv fie XoiSopeis, aXXa 6

TOTTO^.

7. THE BOY BATHING.

Tlai^ Xovtrajiievos iv TroTajuw eKivSvveue Trviytjvar

Kat IScov Tiva "TrapoScTtjVf eiredxloveiy—jSotÔtjcrov. O

B FIBST GKEEK BEASES. 117

ce efie/JLwero tw Traioi Tt]v TOA^tjpiav. 1 o oe Traioioif

eiTrev,—'AXXa vvv fxoi ôi^6t](tov, varrepov Se crooQivri

fxefJL(pov.

8. THE HOUND AND THE FOX.

Kuoji/ OijpeuTiKOi Xeovra lodav, tovtov eolwKev &>?

Se eirKTrpadte'ig eKeivo? e^pv^craTOi 6 kvwv (boîjOeig

fiV Ta oirlaa) ecpvyev. ÂXcoTrrj^ Se Oeaa-afiivt] avrov

ecbrj,— 'Q KUKT] K€<paXjj, (TV Xeovra e^tWey, ovtivo^

ovSe Tov l3pv^r]9/xov vTrrjveyKa^ ;

9. THE WOLF AND THE LAMB.

Ai;/co? a/uLvov eolwKeVf 6 oe eis vaov KaTecpvye.

Jlpoa-KoXovfieuov Se tov Xvkov top cl/jlvov, kui Xeyov-

Tag, oTi OvcriacreL avrov 6 lepevg tw Oew, cKCivog efpij

irpos avTOv,— AXX' aiperwTepov fxoi icm Oew Ovcriav

eivai, t] vTTO aov SiacpOaprjvai.

10. THE ASS IN THE LION's SKIN.

Ovos oopav XeovTog eTrevSvBeig, Xecov evofiiCero

iracn, Kai (pvytj fiev ijv avOpcoTrcov, (pvyrj Se ttoi/jlviwv.

Qg oe avefxog ^laiOTcpov 7rvev<ras eyvfivov avrov tov

TrpoKaXv/uL/marog, t6t€ iravreg eTTiSpafiovres PvXois Ka]

poiraXocg avrov eiraiov.

11. THE WOMAN AND THE HEN.

Vvvrj Tig xvpd opviv eiêy KaO^ €Ka<TTt]v fifiepav wov

avT^ TucTovaav. Nofila-acra Si, wg, et irXeiovg Ttj

opviQi Kpidag irapaBaXoi, S\g Teêrai Trjg rjfxepag,

TovTO ireiroirjKev. 'H Se opvig TrifxeXrjg yevofievij ov^

aira^ Ttjg tj/xepag TCKetv ^SvvaTO.

118 FmST GBEEE READER.

12. THE BIRDS AND THE PEACOCK.

Tcoi/ opviOcau jiovKoixevcov Troirjcrat âcrtXea, xauti

eavTov rj^Lov Slo. to /caXXof -yeipoTOvelv. AipovjuevMv

oe TOVTOv Twv aXkociv, 6 koXoio? vTroXajSoiu ecbrj,—AXX ei, (Tov /SacriXevovTOi, 6 aero^ ^fJi-ai KaraSiuiKeiv

eTri-êipâ-ci, ttco? ^juliv eTTapKecrei^;

13. THE BOY AND THE SNAILS.

Yewpyov irais coTrra Ko-îai' aKovcrag Se uvtcop

rpvôvTcop, ecprj,— 'Q KaKicTTa ^wa, Toov oikicov v/jloov

eiXTTLirpaixevwv, avTol aSere;

14. THE HORSE AND HIS GROOM.

}^pi6t]U TtJU TOV ItTTTOV 6 ITnrOKOfJLO^ KXeTTTWV Koi

TTwXwj/, TOV LTTTTOV cTpl^c KUi eKTeviC^ TTaorag ^fJLepai'

€(pri oe 6 txTToy,—Ei OiXeis aXijOw^ koXov eivai jne,

Tijv Kpi6r]v Trjv Tpi(hovcrav fit] TrdoXei.

15. THE HEN AND THE SWALLOW.

Opvi9 6(pe(o^ ooa evpovcra, €7ri/xe\Sig eKOepjULavacra

eê/coXa\|/-e* -êXiocov §e, Oeacrajmeur] avTijv, eSrj,—'Q

uaTaia, t'l TauTU Tpe(peis, airep av^rjBevTa oltto aou

TTOcoTj;? TOV aSiKeiv apêrat ;

16. THE FLY.

MuFa, efXTrecrovcra eig "^vTpav KpeaTog, cTreiot]

{nroTTviyecrOai efieWev, eiprj irpo^ kavTrjv 'AXX e-ywyc

Koi /3e/3p(t)Ka, Ka] TreTTW/ca, koc XeXov/uai, kuv airoOavoa

ovêv ixiXei juoi.

I


17. THE FOX A2*D THE MASK.

'AXcoTTJ;^ eig oiKiav iXOovaa viroicpiTOu, Kai eKa-

ara twv avrov (TKevwv mepeuvuiixevrj, eupe Ka\ K€(pa.\Tjv

/jLOpfioXvKelov ev(bva>g KaTea-Kevaa-nivrjv rjv Koi avaXa-

ôvcra Tali -êpirlv, e(prj,—'Q ola KecpaXtj, koi iyK€-

(paXov ovK eêt /

18. THE RAVEN AND HIS DAM.

KojOa^ vo(TU)v e(pr] rrj fxrjTpi,—M^TCyo, eij-ôv tw Oew,

Kca fiT] dprjvei. 'H ^' VTroXaôvcra €(pr],—T/? ere, do

TeKfov, Twv Bewv eXeâ-ei ; Tii'Of yap Kpea^ viro aov ye

OVK eKXaTTT];

19. THE DOG AND HIS SHADOW.

I. ...... .„,,.,.«,„._^^0£ Ttjv eavTOv aKiav eirc tov voaTog, vireXaêv erepov

^Hpn/va elvai Kpeag KaTe-ôvra' Ka\, a(peig to ^Siov, wpfxtja-e

^^TO SKeiuov Xaêiv airuiXecre Se ajuipoTepa' to fxev ovv

OVK i}V' o oe KaTely(ev vtto tov pevfiaTog KaTeavpero.

20. THE HORSE AND THE STAG.

iTTTTOf KUTei-ê Xei/iiwva fiovos' iXOovTOi S* eXddyoVf

KOI oia(p6eipovTOs Tr]v vofi^v, ôvXo/nevo^ Tificopi^cra-

(xOai TOV eXacpov, ripurra tlv avOpunrov, el SvvaiTO pier

avTov KoXdcFai tov eXa<pov' 6 S* edyrjarev, iav Xd^rj

âXivov, Ka). avTos ava^tj eir avrdv, e-^cov aKovTia-

rrvvofioXoytjaravTog Se, Ka) dvajidvro^, dvri tov Tt/xo)-

pricraaQaif airroy eSovXevcrev tjSf] tu) dvQpwirw.

120 FIRST GREEK READER,

21. THE GRASSHOPPER AND THE ANTS.

Xet/Uwi/o? wpa Tcov ctltodv ^pa-êvroov, ol fxvpimrjKeg

e\l/v-vov' TeTTi^ Se XifiwTTWv '^Tei avrov^ Tpofprjv ol

Se /j.vpfxrjK€9 eiTTOv avT(p,—Aia tl to Oepo? ou (rvvt]yei^v ; 'O ê elirev,—Ovk ea")(6\aCpv, aXX ^Soi'

fjLOvaiKw^' Ol Se yeXda-avreg eiTrov,—^'AXX' et Oepovi;

(jopai^ t]v\eig, -êi/ULocivos op-ôv.

22. THE OLD MAN AND DEATH.

Yepwv TTOre PvXa refxcop e^ opovs, kutti tmv cojumu

apdjULevo^, eireiSi^ TroWrju 6o6v eTrrj-ÔKrjuevo^ efâoicrev,

aireiprjKco^, direOeTO re tu ^liKa, Kai tov Oavarov eXOeiu

iireKoXeiTO' tov Se Oamrov evOug eTrKxravTO?, koi rrjp

nlrlav TrvuOavofxevov Si* }]v avrov KoXolr], 6 yepcov €(pi],

— Iva TOV cbopTOV tovtov apa^ eiriQî; fioi.

23. THE DOG AND HIS MASTER.

"E^ft)i/ Tig Kvva MeXiratoj/ koL ovov, SieTcXei tc5

Kvui '7rpo(T'irai'(u)V' koi el ttotc e^co oeiTrvou ei-êv, eko-

IJ-i-'Ce Tl avTM /cat irpocriovTi Trape/SaXev 6 Se ouog

y/Xcoo-a? TrpoeSpa/uev aivro?, Ka\ (jKipTwv eXuKTiae top

SeaTTOTrjw Kal 0VT09 dyavaKTrjcrag eKeXevcre iraiovTa

avTov dvayayeiv irpog tov fxvXMva, Kal tovtov Stjj-ai.

24. THE WOLF AND THE CRANE.

A.VKOV XaijULM ocTTiov eireTrriyei' 6 Se yepdvw fxi-

aOov irapiêiv ei-rrev, el Tt]v Ke(paXt]v avTtjg eiri/SaXova-a,

TO ocTTOvv e/c TOv XaifJLov aVToO eK^dXor tj Se tovt

eKâXovaa, SoXfôSeipog ovaa, tov julktBov eTre^tjTei'

FIBST GREEK KEASEB. 121

ooTi^ yeXoKrag, koi Toy? dôvray O^âg,—ÂpKci croi

uiaOos, €<hri, TovTO koI hovov, on e/c Xvkov (rro/uLaTO^

KOI oSovTcov ePeiXeg Kapa crwov, fit]Sev iradovo'a.

25. THE LION AND THE ASS.

A.i(av KOI opog KOivwvlav Oeixevoi, e^tjXOov iiri 6^-

pav yevofJLei'wv Se avrwv Kara ti cnrrfKaiov, ev u)

alye^ aypiai, 6 fiev Xecov irpo tov (ttojjliov .OTa?,

eîovaas Tccy alyas avveXd/jLâvev 6 Se 0V09 evSov

eiaeXOujv evrjXaTO avraig, Ka\ wyKUTO €K<po^€iv ôvXo-

fievog' Tou Se Xeovrog tu^ TrXelcrrag crvXXaôvTO^,

€êX6u}v cKeivos eirvvQaveTO airrov 'el yevvaico^ tjyoovi-

a-aro, kox ras aiyas eêSicoêv 6 Se et-rrevy—'AXX' eu

iaOi oTi Kuyio av ere e(po^^6i]v, ei /nrj ^Seiv ere ovov

ovra.

26. THE STAG AT THE FOUNTAIN.

EXaô? Si^ri(ra£ eir\ irriyrju tjXOew iScov Se Ttjif

eai/Tov (TKiav, tov^ (xev iroSas e/xefi(p€TO wy XeTrrovy

Kai aa-Qeveis ovra^' to. Se Kepara avrov eirrivei, o)? jxe-

yiara koi evfirjKrj' /j.T]Se7r(a iricov, Kvvrjyov KUxaXa-

fiovro^, e<pevyev' eir} ttoXvv Se tottov Spa/nuiv koi ei'y

vXrjv e/j.â^, T019 Kepacriv e/i7rXa/ceJy eOrjpevOt]' e(br]

oe,—

'Q fiaTaio<i eyca ! 09 eK jxev tcov ttoSohv eawQrjv,

oty ejj.efi(p6/xt]v, e/c ê twv Kepdrtov irpoeSoOrjv, ofy

eKaxr^co/njv.

27. THE FOX AND THE RAVEN.

Koâ^, Kpeai dpirdaaî eirl Tivoy SevSpov eKaOicretr

aXioTTt]^ Se TouTOv iSovaa, koi ôvXtjOeia-a irepiyevi-

vQai TOV KpeaT09i (rracra KUTCoOev eTr/jvei avrov, wp


ev/ueyeOeg koi koXou opveov kul QijpevriKou kuI evfxop'

(bov Koi Xeyouaa, 'On ^pjuolê croi jSaaiXea elvai

opvioiv, el Ka\ (pcovrjriKO? virtjp'ê?' aXX do irolov opveov,

Kou aXaXov vwap-êig' 'O oe Kopa^, aKovcrag ravTa, koI

•âvvcoOe}^ rots CTratvoi^, plea's to Kpeag, /meydXceg

eKeKpdyer fj S' aXwirr}^, Spajuovcra kuI Xa/3ou(ra to

Kpea^, ecprj xpo? auTov "Eêt?, Kopa^, aTravTa, voOg

Se (J01 Xelirei.

28. THE CITY MOUSE AND THE COUNTRY MOUSE.

Mi/f dpovpaiog darTiKw yiverai cpiXoi; fivC, kol t^j*

(ptXiav 'TTiG'TOv/uievo?, TrpwTOs et? aypov tov acTTiKov

irapeXdixâvev, kol êvlav avTo) TrapeTiOei koi Tpdire-

âj/, a (bepeiv olSe toI^ evoiKoucriv dypov djuei/Soiuevoi

Se Trjv Peviav 6 cKrTiKos, ets ckxtu tov apovpaiov eKOjui-

êv, Koi elg dvSpog eviropov TrapeXdjuâvev oIkov wj

Se Twv ovToov }]St} TrpocraTTTecrOai ÔeXov, Trpoa-iwv tis

dveKOTTTe' /cat ToaavTOLKig T/79 ev TOig o^ôig dirriXavv-

ovTO 7relpa9, ocraKig eireipcovTO jueTaXafx(3aveiv' Kai

TeXeuTuiov 6 dpovpaiog, "A.Trei/u.i, ecprj, Trjv ev dypoig

TrpoTifXMV fxeTpiOTrjTa T^g ev acrTei Tpvcprjg

29. THE FROGS ASKING A KING.

JiaTpavoi, XvTTOvfxevoi Trepi Tijg eavTUfv avap-îag,

TTpecrêig eirejuâv Trpog tov Ala, âariXea auTOii

7rapaa"veiv 6 Se cruviSwv avTwv t^v ewjOeiav, ûXov

€ig Tfjv Xlfivrjv KaOrJKev Kat ol ÛTpa-ôi, to fxev irpcoTOV

KaTairXayevreg tov y^6(pov, eig Ta ^ddr} Trjg Xifxvtii

eSOcrav vcTTepov Se, co? aKivrjTOv ^v to ^vXov, avaouvTeif

CIS TocrovTOv KUTadipovâecog ^XOov, wg koi eiriâivovTei

I

9IBST 6KEEK BEADEB. 123

avTw iiriKaOeêa-Oar avaîoiraOovvTe^ ê toiovtop

eyeiv âa-tXea, Tjkov €K Seirrepov irpo^ tov Ala, Koi

TOVTOv TrapeKoXovv aWdâi avroig tov ap'^tiyov tov

yap irporrov \iav eivai voi-êXij koi aooKifiov 6 o«

Zei;?, ayavaKTrjo-aq kut avTwv, vSpov avTOi9 €xe/£\|r€i»,

i(p ov (rvWafiâvofievoi KaTTja-Oiovro.

30. MEECT7KY AND THB STATUABY.

'^pfiij? yvwvai ôv\6/JL6vo^ iv Tin Ti/nrj irap av-

OpcoTTOi^ ecTTiVy ^Kev eis ayaXjuaTOTTOiou, kavrov el-

KCLcras avQpwTTU)' Ka\ deacrafxevo^ ayaXfia tov Aio^,

tjparra, iroa-ov tU avTO irplaaOai SvvaTai ; tou Se

eiTTovTo?,—Spaj^/j-fj^' yeXdcra^,—Tlocov to tjJ? "11^09,

ecprj' eiTTovTog Se,—TrXeiovog, iSoov Kai to kaxrrov dyoX-

fia, Koi vofiicrag, a)? eTreiSij ayyeXog eari Qewv kou Kep-

owog, TToXvv avTov irapa Tots dvOpooTroig eivai tov

Xoyov, rjpero irepi avTov' 6 & dyaX/j.aTOTroio^ ^(p^l)—

Eaj/ TovTOvg c«)i/i/(7j7, /cat tovtqv irpocrQriKriv <roi SiSw/u.

SECTION IV.

DIALOGUES OF LUCIAN.1. DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD.

DIALOGUE 1.—CHAEOX, MEXTPPUS, A>T) HERMES,

(Mercury.)

XA. 'A-TTo'ôy, w KaTapaTc, to. TropOfieia.

ME. Boa, ei TovTO croi ^Siov, w ^dpcov.

XA, 'A-n-oô?, (p^fii, dvO' <av <re Sieiropd/uLevo'dfjLTjp,

ME. OvK dv Xdôig Trapd tov firj eyovTog.

XA. EcTTt <Je Tig oôXov fxr} e-)(U)v\ 5


ME. Ei fiev Koi a'AXo? ns, ovk olSa^ eyu) Se ovk

XA, Kat imrjv ayôo cre, vr] tov TlXovrcova, w fxiapi,

t]V fit] aTTOOW^.

10 ME. Ka-yo) T(p ^vX(a crov -Traraâ? SiaXva-oo to

Koaviov.

XA. MaT»7i/ ouv ecrt] TreTrXeu/cw? toctovtov ttXovv',

ME. 'O '^pfirj^ virep e/jiou croL cnroSoTCO, os ixi

TrapeoooKe croi.

15 'EP. N^ Ala, uivafxriv ye, ei fiiXkoo koi virepeK-

TLVeiV TOOV vcKpcov.

XA. Ovk a7ro(TTWO/J-cii crov.

ME. TovTOV ye eveKa veojX/cjycra? to TropOfieiov,

Trapajiieve' ttXw aXX' o ye fxr] e'^co, ttco? av Xaôi^;

20 XA. 2y ^' ou/c ^'êt? 0)9 KO/miêa-Qai Siov',

ME. "HtiJeii/ ^teV, oy/c er)(Ov ê- rt ovv; eyji^v Sia

TOVTO fxr] a.7ro6au£iv\

XA. M0V09 oi5i/ av-)(^(reis TrpotKU TreTrXevKevai;

ME. Oj) TTpoiKa, w îXria-re- koi yap i'lvrXticra,

25 Kal rrjg Kcoirr]^ a-vveireXajSofJi.ijv, Kal ovk eKXaov fiov^

TU)V aXXcov eTTi/SaTcov.

XA. OvSev ravra irpoq ra TropOfieia- rov 6^0X0

a-KoSovvai ere 8el- ov yap Qe/xi^ aXXoos yevea-Oar

ME. OvKovv airdyaye fxe avOi^ is rov ^lov.

30 XA. Hdpcev Xeyeis, 'iva Ka\ irXnyds eiri tovt

Trapa tov Am/cou irpocrXajiw.

ME. M>7 ev6-)(Xei ovu.

XA. Aelôv Ti ev Trj irrjpa eêii.

ME. Qepfxovs, el OiXeis, Kal Ttjs 'E/ccitj;? to Seixvi^

35 XA. JloOev TOVTOV ^fxcv, w 'Eô/x^, TOV Kvva vâyeft

KIEST GREEK READER. 126

ina 0€ Koi eXaXei irapa rov ttXovv, twv eiriârwv tcou

airain-cov KarayeXcov, Kol eTrKrKooTrTwv, koi fxovos aSoov,

oijULcaTovrcov eKclvcov'^

'EP. Â.yvoels, w Xaofov, ovTiva avSpa SieTropOiuev-

era?; eXevOepov aKplû)s, KovSevos avT(p fteXer owToy 40

earIV 6 MewTTTro?.

XA. Kaf firju av ere \a^(o ttotc—ME. *A.v Xd^r]^, £ îXTicTTe' Sî Se ovk avXdôi^.

DIALOGUE 2.—CEffiSUS, PLUTO, MENIPPUS, MIDAS,

AND SARDANAPALUS.

KP. Ov (bepo,ueu, w TlXovroov, MeViTTTroi/ tovtovI

rov Kvva irapoiKovvra- uxrre rj cKeivov ttoi fieracrrrja-ov,

) ij/xeis fxeTOiKrjcroixev eh erepov roirov.

IIA. Tt ^' u/>ta? Seivov epyouCerai, ofioveKpo^ wv\

KP. 'Exef^ctJ/ rjixeh oliJ-wTwixev, Koi OTevooêv^ 6

':k€lvcov fxejuvTifxevoi twv dvu), M/eâ? fiev ovTocrl tou

/niKTiov, âpSavairaXos Se Trjs TroXXrjs Tpv<pt]9, eyco

TU)v Otjcravpoov, eiriyeXa Kal eôveiollCei, avSpuTroSa

al KaOdpimaTa fifia^ UTroKaXuiv. evloTe oe koi aScoVy

irirapaTTei ^/xwv ra? oijULwya^' Kai oXeos, XvTrtjpos ean. 10

IIA. Tt Tuvrd (batriVf w M.emnre',

ME. Â.Xt]6i], CO TLXovTcov jULicru) ydp avrovg, dyev-

"€1$ Kai oXeOplovs ovrag, ols ovk aTre-^tjcre fSiwiâi

cucwg, dXXd Kal diroOavovres en /ucejuvijin-ai, kuI irepii-

Vovrm TU)v dvco. -^âipco roiyapovv dvicov avrovs. 15

IIA. 'AXX' ov XP^' Xuxoi/KTat ydp ov fxiKpcov

rrepovfjLevot.

ME. Kat (TV fxoopaiveig, w TlXovTCOVf 6fi6yî](poi

tf }V T0?9 TOVTCov aTevayjuLots'i

20 IIA. Oi/oa/Awy aXX ovk av eOeXoifii (rracridlêiv

ME. Kal fiiû, w KOLKia-TOi A^vScov, Koi, ^pvydoVf

Kai A.(T(TvpLwVi ovTco yipuxTKere, co9 ovSe irava-off.evav

fiov ev9a yap av 'Irjre, aKoXovOrjcrw, ai/iooVf koi Kara.'

25 Sdov, Ka\ Karayekwv.

KP. Tavra ov-^ v^pi^;

ME. OuK' aXX eKelva v^pi? ^v, a v/xeig iiroieiTe,

TrpotrKwelaQaL aîovvres, Kal eXevOepois avSpd<nv

€UTpu(p(iovT€$f Kai ToO OavaTov TO irapdirav ov fxvij-

30 aopeuovres' TOiyapovu oifMcaêcrOe, irdvrwv eKelvcov dcpi^

prjfxevoi.

KP. IIoXXwj/ ye, w Oeoi, koi fxeydXcov KTtjfxaToov.

MI. Ocrov fieu iyco ^vcrov.

2A. Ocrt]^ Se eyco rpvcbtjs.

35 ME. tjvye, outoo iroLeire. oSvpecrOe [xev vjueli'

eyco oe, to " VvwOi aavTOv" TroXXaKis a-vveipwv, eira-

aofiai vjuiiv. TrpeTroi yap av Tah roiavTaiq oijuooyaii

eiraSoiJ.evov.

IDIALOGUE 3.—ZENOPHANTUS AND CALLIDEIHDES. m

ZH. 2y Se, w }âXXiS}]/ULlSr], ttw? OLTreOave^; iyt

ixev yap, oTi TrapaariTOs dv Aecvlov, TrXeov tov iKavox

enKpaycov, aTreirvlyijv, olcrOa- Traprj^ yap diroOvâKOVT'

fJLOl.

6 KA. Tlaprjv, do Z}]v6(pavTe' to <5' e/uov TrapaSoô,

Ti eyevcTO' olaOa yap Ka\ crv irov JlTOioooopov to

yepovTa.

ZH. Tov OLTCKVOV, TOV TrXovCTLOV, W (TC TU TfoXXi

'^deiv (TvvovTa;

I

FIRST GSEEE HEADER. 127

KA. ^tjKeivov avTOV aei iOepaTrevov, viricr^vov/xepog \Q

'- efJLol TeOv^êaOai. iirei oe to irpay/Ma eg juli^kiotov

erelveTO, kai virep top TiOwvov 6 yepcov eT>;, eTr/ro-

Luu Tiva oSop eirl top KKtjpop e^t]vpoP' Trpid/J-epog yap

papfjLaKOP, ap€7rei(ra top oIvo'ôop, eTreiSctP rd'^KXTa 6

WroioScopog ouT^crfj irieiv—iripei o eTrieiKwg X.wpoTepov 16

eujSaXovra e? kvXiko, ctoijuop eyeip avTO, Koi eiri-

pai avTW' el Se tovto Troirjaei, eXevOepop eTray/xo-

TdUTjp a(pt]<Teip avTov.

ZH. Tt ovp eyepero', iraw yap Ti traoaSoôv ioeiv

oiKag. '

20

KA. 'Exet TOiPVP Xovcrafxepoi r,KOiiev, Svo IjSt] 6

ieipoKiprKog KvXtKag eroi/JLOvg e-ôop^ ttiv /xev Tut Y\.toio-

icpy Trjp e-ôvcrap to (pdpfJLOKOP, Ti]V & erepap efj.oi,

ryaXcJf ovK Old oxwy, e/zot fiep to (pap/JLOKOP,

riroio^wpu) Se Ttjp acpapfiaKTOP eireSwiKeP' eiTa 6 jxep 26

~:vep' eyu) oe avTiKa fxaXa iicTaofjp eKei/j.T]p inro-

\i/j.at09 dpT cKeipov peKpog. T/ tovto', ye\agf w

.6(paPTe', KOI ixrjp ovk eSei ye eraipu) avSpl eirt-

yeXap.

7,}r[. Â-orela yap, w JâWiSrjfxiSi], ireTropOag. 6 30

yepwv Se, ti irpog TavTa',

KA. TLpcoTOP fxep vireTapayOrj irpog to ai(j)vioiop.

'ra (Tvpeig, oifiai, to yeyeprj/mepop, eyeXa koI avros

jia lie 6 oiPO-)(oog etpyaarai.

ZH. TiXrjp dXX' ovSe ae ttip eTriTOjULOP e-^rjp Tpa- 35

yQai' ^Ke yap ap <roi Sia Tfjg Xeaxpopov a(r<pa\-

repop, ei koi oXlyu) ^paSvTepov.

DIALOGUE 4.—PLUTO, PKOTESILAUS, AND PERSEPHONE(Proserpine).

HP. 'O ceariroTai /cat âcriXev, koi ^/ixiTepe Zeu,

Kai (TUf d^rifirjrpo^ Ovjarep, fitj virepiSrjre Serjariv

ipWTlKlJV.

IIA. Ziv oe Tivcov Set] Trap' ^fxoov ; t] T19 wv Tvy-

HP. Et/zf juev TIpwTea-cXaos 6 'I<^//cXou, ^vXaKio^,

(rv(rTpaTiu>Tt]s twv Ayaiwv, koi irpwrog cnrodavoDv rwv

eir 'lA/to* Seofiai SefCKpeOels Trpog oXiyov, ava^Lowai

iraXiv.

10 IIA. TovTOv fxev Tov epcora, m JlpcoTecriXac,

TravTeg vefcpoi epwcrr TrXrjv ovoelg av avToou Tvyoi.

IIP. AX\ ov TOV ^j/j/, Â'i^ddvev, epu) eywye, t>/s

yvvaiKos oe, rju veoya/mov en ev tco OaXa/ixo) KaraXiTrm',

^"Xpfirjv CLTroTrXecov etVa o KaKOfâiiu!.oov ev Tij UTro^dcret

15 aireBavov vtto tov ' rjKTopo^' 6 ovv epcog Ttjg yvvaiKo^

ov /xeTpLbO'i aTTOKvaiei [xe, w Sea-iroTa' koi ôvXofxai,

Kav Trpos oXlyov 6(j)9eis avTtj, KaTa^rjvai TrdXtv.

IIA. OvK eVte?, w UpMTea-iXae, tq A^6t]s vScop ;

IIP. Ka< /maXa, w oecnroTa' to Se irpayiJ.a virep-

20 oyKov rjv.

IIA. (JvKovv Ttepifieivov acbiêTai yap eKeii'r}

TTOTe, Koi ovoev ere aveXQelv Serjcrei.

IIP. AXX ov (pepoa Tijv SiaTpi^^v, w TiXovTcov

ripaaOri^ oe KaL avTog /;^>;, Koi, olaOa oiov to epdv

26 ecTTiv.

HA. Efra Ti (re ovrjcrei ixlav rjixepav ava/3iu)vai,

fier oXiyov to. uvto. oSvpovfievov ;


TIP. 07fxai irela-eiv KaKeivrjv aKoXovOeiv Trap* v/ias'

riA. Ov OejULi^ yeveaOai ravra, ovSe yeyove 30

TTCOTTOre.

nP. 'Ava/ivjjo-w ere, S UXovtcov Ôpcpei yap, Si

avTr]v TavTTip TTjv aiTiav Ttiv nivpvoiKTjv irapeooTe, Kai

Tt]v ojULoyevt] jULov "AXKi](mv TrapeirejJ.yjfaTe, 'UpoKkei

âpuCoêvoi. 35

IIA. QeKryrei? Se, ovToo Koaviov yvfivov wv, xai

afiopcpov, Trj KoXrj crov €Keivi] vvfiKprj (pavrjvai ; ttw? oe

KCLKelvr] TrpouoyêTai are, ovSe Siayvwvai ovvaf/.evri ;

cbojSijcreTai yap, ev olSa, koi (pevêral ere' kul fiaTtjv

.

eat] TOcravT^v oSov aveXjjXvOu)^. 4"

IIE. OvKOvv, w avep, crh koi tovto lacrai, Kai rov

'Epjurjv KeXetcrov, cTreiSav ev tw (poyri >jorj 6 ilpayrea-i-

Xaos T], KaQiKOfxevov t^ pd^Scp, veav'iav evOv^ KciXou

airepyaaaa-Oai airrov, 0109 ^v e/c tou iraiTTOv.

IIA. ETreJ Tiepcre(p6vr] auvtiOKet, avayaylav tov- ^5

TOP avOis, TToirja-ov w/j-cpiov av Se fiefivricro fxlav

Xa/3a)v rifxepav.

DIAIOGUE 5.—iEACIJS, PEOTESILAUS, MENELAUS, ANDPARIS.

AX. T/ ayyei^, w llpwrecriXae, ttjv 'EXevrjv irpoo"-

irecrwv',

nP. Ori Sia ravTrji', w Am/ce, aTreOavov, ^fxiTeXr}

(lev TOU oojuov KaTaXi-tTwv, j^jjpav Se ttjv veoya/xov

yvvaiKa. 5

AI. AiTift) TOLWv TOV MeveXaov, ooti? vfjt.as inrep

ToiavTtjs yvvouKog eiri Tpolav r^yayev.

130 FIRST GBEEK READER.

IIP. Ej) \eyei9' ckcivov juoi aiTiareov.

]ME. OvK e/Ae, w /SeXriCTTe, aWa SiKaiorepov Tot'

10 Tldpiv, o? ifiou Tov êvov t>V yvvaiKa irapa iravra to.

SUaia M'êro apiracra^' oiTog yap ov-^ viro crov /novoVi

aXX' VTTO iravToov '^XKrjvdov re /cat Bap^dpcov apio^

ayyeadai to(tovtois Bavarov aLTiois yeyevrjfxevo^.

nP. "Afxeii/ov ovToo' ere roiyapovv, w Avcrirapi,

15 OVK acp^cro) Trore e/c twv -êtpoov.

IIA. 'Aot/ca TTOiMu, (S TlpcoTecriXae, Kal ravTa,

oôre-^vov ovra <tol, epcoTiKog yap Kai avTO<; €ijuii, Kat

T(p avTM Oeo) KaTea-^rjfxar otada §e cog aKoucriov Ti

ecTTL, Kai Tig rifxag Salfxcov ayei, euOa dv e0eX>;- Ka]

20 douvaTOV ecTTiv dvTiTdTTeaOai avTW.

nP. El) Xeyeig' elOe ovv juoi tov "EôcoTa evTavOa

Xa/Seiv SvuaTov ^v.

AI. 'Eyco (TQi Ka\ inrepTov 'EpwTog diroKpLvov/xai

Ta oiKaia' (brjcrei yap avTog /mev tov epdv tw Wdpiî

25 'iaoog yeyevrja-Qai a'lTios' tov Oai/dTOV Se croi ovSeva

dWov, to YlpooTeaiXae, ^ are avTov, og eKXaOo/mevog Trjg

veoyd/xov yvuaiKog, eirei irpocrecpepecrOe Trj TpcodSif

ovTW <piXoKivouv(t)g Ka] dirovei/orjiueucog TrpoeTrôtjcrag to)p

dXXcov, vd^r]g epacrQelg, Sl rjv irpwTog iv Trj diropacrei

30 aTreQaveg.

nP. GvKovv Kcti inrep e/navTOv aoi, oo Ata/ce, aTro-

Kpivovixai SiKaioTcpa ; ov yap eyw tovtoov a'lTiog^

aXX fj fioipUf KOI TO €^ dp-)(r]g ovTiag eTriKeKXSxrOai.

AI. Ôpdwg. t/ OVV TOVTOvg aiTia;

FIRST GREEK BEADES. 131

DIALOGUE 6. HERMES AND CHARON.

*EP. AoyKTw/JieOaf « IlopO/xev, el SoKei, oTrocra

aoi ocpeiXei^ rjSrjy oxft)y uh avOi^ epcl^cojuiev ti irepi

avTcov.

XA. Aoyia-wfieOa, w '^pfxrj- afieivov yap wpiaOai

jrepi avTO)V, xai aTroaynovicrrepov. 6

'EP* "A-yicvpav ipTeiXafievw eKOfiicra irevre ^po.^-

uwv.

XA. IIoXXou Xe'yet?.

'EP. N^ Tov 'AiScovea, rcov TreWe winja-afMfjv, Kai

rpoTrcoTrjpa Svo oôXcov. 10

XA. TlOei irivre Spa-^/xdg, koi oôXov^ Svo.

'EP. Kat (iKecTTpav inrep tov 1(ttIov,— irevre

oôKov^ eyu) KaTejSaXov.

XA. Kat TOVTOv^ TrpooTiOei.

'EP. Kat Kt]pov 0)9 eirnrXdaai tov (TKa(pioiov ra 15

avewyoTa, nai ^Xof? <5e, Koi KaXwSiov, dcf)' ov tj/v

virepav eTroirja-a^—Svo Spa-^/JLwv airavTa.

XA. Eyye, aîa TavTa wv^trco.

'EP. TavTo. eoTiv, el jjlt] ti dXXo r]fj.a<; SieXaOev

ev Tcp Xoyi(TfJL(f' TTOTe ovv TavT dTToSwaeiv (bt]^ ; 20

XA. r\vv fxev, w 'EpjuLtj, dSvvaTOV rjv Se Xoijuog

Tig T] TToXe/xoy KaTaTre/xy^rj dOpoovg Tivdg, evicrrai

T0T6 ctTTOKepSavai ev tw TrXÔei TrapaXoyilCdfiCvov to.

TTOpOueia.

'EP. Nyv ovv eyo) KaOeSovfiai to. KwcKTra evyo/Jie- 25

vog yevecrdai, w? av airo tovtwv diroXavoifxi.

XA. (jvK ecTTiv aXXft)?, CO 'En/x^* vvv S' oXlyoi, a»5

opqs, a(piKvovin-ai ^fiiv elprjvij yap.

1 32 FIRST GREEK REA.DER.

'EP. "A.ixeivov OUT009, el Koi ^fiiv TrapaTeivoiTO vrro

30 orov TO b(pi\r]juia. irXi^v aXX oi juev iraXaioi, co ^dpcov,

olcrOa oloi irapeyivovTO, avopeioi airavTe^, aifiaro^

avaTrXeo), koi rpav/narlai oi TroXXor vvv Se, 5/ (hapfxa.K(a

Ti? VTTO Tov TraiSoi airoOapuiv, r] viro Ttjs yvvaiKos, rj

VTTO rpvcprji eûiStjKuig rhv yacrrepa, koi to. a-KeXt]'

36 w-ôi yap axaj/rep, koi ayevveh, ovSe ojnoioi e/ceiVof?"

01 oe TrXelcTTOi avrcov, via -yjirjiJiaTa ijKovcriu, cttiôvX-

evovTCs aXXijXoi?, cos eoiKacri.

XA. Tlaw yap TrepiTroOrjTa. ecrri Tavra.

'EP. OvKOvv ovS^ eyoo Soâifxi av a/xapTaveiv^ in-

40 Kpm OLTraiToov ra ScpeiXojmeva Trapa aov.

2. DIALOGUES OF THE GODS.

DIALOGUE 7.—ZEtJS AND HERMES.

ZE. Triv TOV Îvdyov iralca Trjv KoXrjv oltrOa^ w

'^pM\'EP. Na/' Trjv 'let) Xeyei^.

ZE. OvK €TL 7rai9 eKcivt] eaTiv, dXXd SdfxaXi^.

5 'EP. TepdcTTLOv TovTO' T(p TpoTTU) ^' cv^XXayr]',

Zil^. TitjXoTvinjcraa-a rj "Upa, jueTe/BoXev avTrjv

ciXXd Kai Kaivov dXXo tl Seipov eTriime/JLijâvijTai t»;

KaKoSaijuovr jSovkoXov Tivd TroXvofxixaTov, Apyov

Tovvoixa, eTrecTTtja-ev, as vejuei Trjv SdfxaXiv, avTrvog wv.

10 'EP. Ti ovv >]fids ')(pr] TTOielv',

Zi^. JâTaTTTafievog e? Ttjv Neêav—e/ce? Se ttov o

'Apyos ôvKoXei—cKelvov fxev cnroKTeivov Trju oe To)

^la TOV ireXdyovs e? Tijv A'lyvTTTOv uTrayaycop, Îcriv

TTolrjcroi'. KUi ToXoiTTOv ecrTco Oeos TOt$ eKer kui tov

NaXov avayeroo, koi tovs ave/uLOVs eTr/TTCyU'jreTft), /cat 15

<ra)lCeT(o Touy xXeovra?.

DIALOGUE 8.—HEPH^STUS {Vulcan) AND ZEUS (Jupiter).

"H^. Ti jULe, w ZieVf -yjiri iroielv ; rjKUi yap, &>?

CKeXeva-a^f e^yuiv rov ireXeKW oûtutov, €i Kai \i6ov

0601 fxia irKrjyrj oiaTe/xeiv.

'ZiEi. Euye, (a "Hcbaicrre. aWa oieXe fjLov Trjv K€(pa-

\i]v e/y ovoy KaTeveyKwv. 5

"H*!*. Jleipa fxov, €1 ^li/JLrjva \ irpoaâTre S* ovv

TuXjjOe?, oTrep OeAet? croi yevecrOai.

ZiEi. TouTO avTO—SiaipeOtjual juot to KpavLOv ei

Se aireiOyjcrei^, ov vvv irpurrov opyiô/j.ei'ov ireipaarr}

fjLov aWa -^h KadiKve'icrOai irairri tw Ou/jlw, /iijSe 10

ueWeiv airoWv/xai yap viro w^lvoov, <xt fioi tov

€yK€(pa\oi' avaoTpecpovcriv.

"H^. "Opa, (a Zey, fit] kojcov ti Trouâ-tofiev dî/y

yap 6 TreXeKvg ecm, koi ovk avaijucoTi, ovoe Kara ttjv

EtXiJ0u/ai/, /j.aiu)<T€Tai are. 15

ZE. JâriveyKe fxovov, w "Hcbaicrre, Oappwv olâ

yap eylo to (Tv/uLCpepov.

H^. "Akoov fieu, KaTOi(T(o Se' ti yap j^prj Troielvj

(TOV KeXevovTOS j

—

ti tovto ', Kopt] evoirXos ', M-eya, (o

Zev, KUKOV efêy ev rp Ke(pa\ri' etVoTftj? yovv o^vdvfio^ 20

^(xOa, Tr]\iKavTi]v vtto Tij fxtjuiyyi irapQevov iwoyo-

vo)v, Kai TavTa evoirXov rj-jrov aTpaToireoov, ov Ke(pa-

Xi/v eXeXiÔei^ ej^wv rj Se TnjSa, kcu Trvppi-^lêt, koi Ttjv

aarinoa Tivacrcrei, koi to Sopv TrdWei, koi evOovcria'

KOI TO fiiyicTTOv, KaXt] iraw koi ciK/maia yeyivrjTai fjor] 25

ev ppayel' yXavKunrii ixivy aXXa Koa-fxel koi tovto tj

134 FIKST GREEK READER.

Kopvi}' waTe, ctf Zeu, fxaicoTpd fxoi airoSoi eyyvâai

ijorj avTrjv.

ZE. 'A^wara aireig, co' Hd)at(7Te* trapdivo^ yap

30 ael eOeXijaei fxeveiv eyu) o ovv to ye eir efiol ovSev

avTiXeyo).

"H$. Tout elSovXofxrju. e/no). fieXâei to. Xonrd'

KOI r'jSr] (rvvapiracTW avTtjv.

TiEi. Ei' croi paSioVf outoo xo/er TrXijv otSa oti

35 dSwoLTcov epa^.

DIALOGUE 9.—ZEUS, ^SCULAPIUS, AND HERACLES(Hercules).

ZE. TiavcacrOe, to 'Acr«:X»/7rie KOi 'Hôa/cXei?, epi-

ôvTeg TTpos dWijXovg coanrep dvOpcoTror dirpeTrtj yap

TavTa, KOI dXXoTpia tov crvfnroa-iov toov Oeoiv.

'HP. 'AXXa eOeXeis, w Zed, tovtou] tov (papfxaKea

5 TrpoKaTaKXivea-Oal juov;

A^. N;; A/a- Ka). afxeivcov yap eifxi.

'HP. Kara r/, w efx^p6in-r]T€ ; v îoti ere 6 Zeyy

eKepavvwcrev, d imt] Oe/nig iroLovvTa, vvv Se kut eXeov

av6i9 dOavaa-las fieTelXrjcha^;

10 A2. ^^TriXeXyjcrai yap koi crv, co 'Hôa/fXet?, ev Ttj

O'lTrj KaTacpXeyeig, oti fxoi opeiSlêis to irvp;

'HP. OuKovv 'icra Ka\ ofxoia ê/BicoTai ^juiw o? A/o?

fiev vlog eifii, TOcravTa Se ireirovriKa eKKaQaipoov top

/3iov, Orjpia KaTaycoviT6juevo9, koi dv6pu>7rov9 v^piaTug

15 TifioypovjULeuo^' crv Se piToToiJios el Ka\ dyvpTrjg, voaovai

fiev ((Tftjf av6pu>7roi9 yjprjcrifxog eig ewiOecnv twv (papina-

Kcou, dvSpwSes Se ovSev eTrioeoeiy/uiepos.

'A2. E(} Xeyei^' oti <tov Ta eyKavjmaTa iacrdfir]v,

OTI irpcarjv dvrjXOeg ^fi[<pXeKT0$ vir dfidioiv Sic(pdap'

FIKST GREEK EEADEE. 135

tte'vo? TO awfJLa, Kai tov îTu>voi, /cat fx-era tovto tov 20

TTuoo?" iyto Se et koI /jLtjSev aWo, ovre eoovXeva-a

ucnrep crv, ovre eâivov epia ev Auo/a iropcpvploa

€i/SeSvKW9, Koi Traioiiievog viro rrjg ^0/x(paXr]^ yj}v<TW

aavSaXo}- aXX ovSe /ueXayôXjyo-a? aireicTeiva to. tckvu

Kai Ttjv yvvaiKa. 26

'HP. Ef /u^ irava-t] XoiSopovfievos fJôi, avriKU

fMoXa etcrr], wg ov ttoXv ere ovrjaei. rf aQavaaia' eirei

apdfJLevog are, pi^w eiri K€(paXT]v ck tov ovpavov, wcrre

fiTjSe TOV Tlaicova laaaa-Oai ere, to Kpaviov avvrpi-

Bevra. 30

ZE. WaxxracrOe, (br]/j.i, ku). jULtj eiriraparTere rj/xiv

Tt]v avvoucriav, rj afxcborepovs airoTreix-ô/JLai vna.<s tov

avjULTrocriov kuitoi euyvay/xopy (a 'UpaKXei^, irpoKUTa-

KXlveaQai aov tov Â.(rK\tjTri6v, utc kui irpoTepov

airoOavovTa. 35

DIALOGUE 10.—HERMES AND MAIA.

'EP. "EcTTt yap T<?, CO urJTep, iv ovpavw Oeog

aOXiurrepo^ e/xov;

MA. M^ Xeye, w 'Eô/x^, toiovtov fitjSev.

'EP. Ti fir] Xe-yto, o? Toaavra TrpdyfiaTa e^(D,

ftovos KOfivcov, Koi. irpo9 TOcravTaq vTnjpea-lag Siacnrce- 6

uevog ; ecoOev fxev yap eâvaaravTa caipeiv to (tv/m-

irocriov oer /cat SiacTTpuxravra tt]v KXicriav, evOe-

TJ/txarra tc eKaa-Ta, Trapecrrdi'ai tw Att", irat Siacbepecv

Ta^ ayyeXia^ Tag irap avTov avco Kai KaTco ^fiepoSpO'

fiovvTa' Kai e-TraveXOovTa Irt KCKOvifievov TrapaTiQivai 10

TTjv ajuL^Spoaiav Trp\v Se tov vcwvtjtov tovtov otvowoov

t]K£iv, Kai TO veKTap eyia eveyeov to Se ttolvtoov Seivo-

136 rmsT greek reader.

rarov, on lurjSe vvkto? KaOevSo) fxovo^ twv aWoov,

aXKa Set jue Kal Tore tw TIXovtmvi yp^vâycoyeiv, koi

15 veKpoTTO/uLirou elvai, koi Trapecrrdvai tm îKacTTrjplu)' ov

yap iKavd /uoi ra Tijs ^/mepag epya, iv TraXaia-rpaig

elvai, Kav Toi^ eKKXtja-iais KtjpvTTeiv, koi prjropag

€KOLod(jKeLv, aXy en koi veKpiKo. crvuSiaTrpaTTeiv fie-

l~iepi(TiJ.evov' KaiTOi ra [xev Tt]9 Aj/â? reKva, irap

20 riij.epav eKUTepos ev ovpavcp rj eu aSov elcr'iv ijuol Se

KaO eicacrTrjv rj/xepav koi ravTa KOLKelva Troieiu avay-

Koiov. Koi 01 /ULev AXk/xijuj^s koi SeyueX??? viol, e/c

yvvaiKwv ovcttijpcov yev6iJ.evoL, evwyovvTai a.(pp6unS€(;'

6 Se Ma/a9 r^? Â.TXai/T[oog SiaKovovfxai avrocg' Kal

25 vuv apTi rjKOVTO. fxe cnrb îSoouog Tcapa nji l^dSjuov

OvyaTpos, ecp rjv Trewo/mcpe jue o'ôfxevov o Ti TrpaTTei

r] Trah, iu.r]oe dvairvevcravTa, TreTrojuLCpev auOis e? to

"A.pyog eTTLdKe-ôinevov Ttjv Aavdrju. clt eKelBev es

ôicanav, (prja-lu, eXOcov, ev TrapoSo) rrjv Â^vnoTrtju iSe.

30 KOI oAft)? airr^yopevKa }]§rj. el yovv fxai Svvarou >;»/,

^Secos dv riîwcra TreirpacrdaL, oocnrep ol ev y^ KaKwg

SovXevovreg.

MA. "Ea ravra, w tckvov -î] yap irdvra vinip-

ereiv tm irarpi, veaviav ovtw kuI vuv wcnrep eireix-

35 ^0>/9, aroêi eig "Apyog, elra e? rhv Boicoriav, /ut] Kal

TrXriyaq ^paSvvcov Xa/3oi9* o^JôAoi yap oi epcovreq.

DIALOGUE 11.—THE CYCLOP POLYPHEMUS AND POSEIDON

{Neptune).

KY'. ^Q iraTep, oia tre-Trovda inro tou Karaparou

êvov, OS /JLeOvcras eêrvcpXcocre (xe, KOifxcafxev^ eirf^êi'

pYia-ag.

FIRST GKEEK READEK. 137

no. Tig S' û 6 raura ToXfiâag, <a lloXvcprjfie',

KY. To fiev TTOWTOV OZriv airrov aireKaXer cTrel 5

ê Siicbvye, koi e^co /;v /3eXoi/?, ^0§u(r<T€vg ovojualêcrOai

no. OlSa ov Xeyeig, tov ^lOoK^criov' i^ 'IXiov S'

ave-TrXei. 'AXXa tto)? tout' tirpaêv, ouê irdw

evdapa-rjg ojj/; 10

KY. KaTeXa/3ov ev tu) avrpio, airo T^g vofi^g ava-

<TTpe->âg, iroSXovg Tivag, eTri/SovXevovrag SrjXov OTi

Tolg TTOifivioig' i-jre] yap eireOtjKa r^ dupa to Trw/xa

{jrirpa Se ecrri TrafjLfxeyed/]g) koi to irvp aveKavaa,

evav(rd/xevog o eipepov Sevopou diro tov opovg, ecpavrjcrav 15

UTroKpuTTTeiv auTovg ireipd/J-evor eylaoe avXXa^wv avTwv

Tivag, (ticnrep eiKog tjv, Koretpayov, XrjOTag ye oirrag.

'EvTavOa 6 iravovpyoraTog eKelvog, eiTe Ourt?, etre

'0û<rcreu9 ^v, SiSoocri /xoi irie'iv (papfiaKov ti eyêag,

^Sv fxev KOI euocTfJiov, iircjSouXoTaTOV oe koi Tapa-^co- 20

SecTTaTOV airavTa yap evOug eooKei fxoi TrepKpepearOai

iriovTii Ka\ TO a-TrTjXaiov auro dvecrrpiipeTO, koi ovkcti

oXcog ev efxavrw fjfJirjU' TeXog Se eg vttvov KaTccnrd-

crOrjv. 'O Se, OLTTO^vvag tov ixo'ôv, Ka\ irvpwaag ye

TTpocreTi, eTvcpiXooari /xe KaOevSovTa' koi cltt CKelvov 25

TvcpXog eifxi (roly iv ttocreiSov.

no. 'Qg âOuv €K0ijui.i^9r]g, u> TtKvov, og ovk iêOopeg

fxeraû TvcpXoufievog. 'O ^' ovv ÔSvtrcrevg vwg Sie-

cpuyev', ov yap av, ey olo oTi, eovv^Qij cnroKiv^crai Ttjv

ireTpav diro Trjg Oupag. 30

KY. 'AAX' eyoj dcpeiXov, wg fxaXXov avTov Xdôijui

eîovra- koi KaOicrag irapa Trjv Ovpav eQripoav ra?

yelpag eKTreracrag, fiova irape\g to. irpoâTa eg ttjv

vofitjVf evreiXa/xevof tS> Kpt.Q>- oirocra e'^rjv TrpaTreiv

36 avTov virep ejuov.

no. âvOavd),—VTT €K€ivoi{; eXaOov VTreêXOovre^-

ae Se Tovg aWov^ KJ/cXtoxa? eSet eiriôtjaacrQaL eir

avTov.

IV 1 . ZjvveKaAea-a, co iraTep, Kai rjKov eirei oe

40 t/povTO Tov eiriôvXevovTOs Tovvo/ua, Kayw ecptjv,

oTi OuTis ecTTi, fxeXay-ôXdv oirjOevres fxe, wyovro

aTTiovres. Outco KarecroSlcraTo fxe 6 KaTapuTo^ raJ

Svofiari. Ka: o fxaXiarra ^piace fxe, on koi oveiSl-

^wv efioi T}]V crvfX(popav, Oi5o' 6 Trarrjp, (prjcrlv, 6

45 TloareiSwu, ida-eTal are.

no. Oappei, (ti TeKvov, djuvvovfiai yap avrov, ws

fidOt], OTi, el Kal irrjpitKjlv fxoi ocpOaXfJiwv idcrOai dSu-

vaTou, TO. yovv toou TrXeourcov eir ifxoL eaTV TrXef <5e eTi

DIALOGUE 12.—PANOPE AND GALENB.

IIA. Efcê?, w YaXrjvri, Ôe? oia eiroirjcrev f] "EjOt?

irapd TO SeiTTvov ev OerTaXia, Sioti fxij koi avrrj

eKkrjQri e? to (tv/xttoctlov',

FA. Ov (Tvvei(TTiu)iJ.r]v v/acv ?yct)ye' 6 yap YlotreiSociu

5 eKeXevcre /me, u) YlavoTrr], aKV/m-avrov ev toctovtw (puXaT-

Teiv TO ireXayo's. T/ ^' ovv eTrolrja-ev fj "J^pi^ jur]

irapoxjaa;

IIA. 'H GeVi? iJ.ev tjSrj Ka\ 6 TirjXev^ cnreXtjXvOe-

<jav eg tov OaXa/uLOv, vtto Ttjs A.ju(j)LTpLTt]9 Kai tov

10 Tl.oa-eiûivo's TrapaTrejULCpOevTes. 'H "Eî? ^' ev toctovtm

XaOovcra Travra?, {e^vvriOrj oe paolcog, toov fxev ttivov-

Toov, evldov Se KpoTOvvTCov, rj rw 'ATroAAcoi/i KiOapiCôiTi

9 Tats Moi/cratf aSova-ais -nrpoae-ôvTOiv tov vovv,)

FIRST GR£E£ READER. 139

€vel3aX€v e? to avfiiroa-iov firjXou n -TrayKaXov, XP^crovv o\ov, w YaXriiri eireyeypaTrro Se, 'H kqXt] 15

XajSeTco. J^vXivSo/Jiei'OP Se tovto, wcnrep eêiriTtjoes,

TjKev ei/6a "Upa re, koi ÂdypoSiTrj, koi Â6t]va Ka-

TeKXlvovTO. KaTrei^^ 6 'lS.pfxrji aveXofievos iireXeâTo

TO. yeypa/ULfieva, ai fiev ^rjprjtSe^ ^fJêi^ airecricoTrâ-afiev

TL yap £0€i TTOieiv, €K€iviov TrapovcToov', at oe avreiroi- 20

ovvTo eKacrrr], Kai airrtjg elvai to ixijXov tjîovv. }\.ai

€1 fxt] ye 6 Zevi SiecrrTja-ev avra^, koi ciyjn- yeipiiov av

•rrpovywpticre to irpayixa. 'AXX' eAceffOf, A(rro9 fiev

ov Kpivu), (pt](riy irep] tovtov, (jcaiTOi eneivai ovtov

SiKOLcrai rjîovv,) airiTe Se 6? Tfjv "IStjv Trapa tov 25

WpiaiJLov TralSa- o? olSe re Siayvwvai to KaWioVf

îXoKuXo^ wv, Kai ovK av €ku)v Kpivai kokw^

FA. T/ oj}f a/ deal, to ZlafOTn/;

IIA. Ttj/xepov, ol/xaif cnriacriu ey t^j/*'IJj;j/, /cai Tty

fjêi fx.€Ta /uLiKpou aTrayycXwv ^fxiv Trjv KpaTovaav. 30

FA. "YiStj croi (f)»ifJi-i, OVK uXXr] KpuTijcrei, rijs

A.<ppoSiT>i9 ayoovilôfJievrjiy ijv utj irdyu 6 SiuiTtp-^

a/JL^XvCOTTr}.

(128; 10

NOTES TO PART IL

SECTION I.-'A2TEIA.

These 'AuTtla, or " Joe Millers," are commonly, but erroneously, attri-

buted to Hierocles, a philosopher of the Platonic school, who flourished

at Alexandria about the middle of the fifth century.

1. Wfuxrer, 1 aorist of ifmfu. § i-'fâaOau viaros: observe that the aorist

infinitive is used where a future might rather be expected, (so also yoffTJcai,

in No. 3 ;) and that verbs of touching, holding on by, &c., govern the

genitive. § /JuiBji, 2 aorist subjunctive of /laiâm.2. avYY^f^h - aorist imperative of cnr/yiyvwaKW. § After xpoai<rxc9

(2 aorist of xpoaix<^ supply rbv poDv, making the phrase equal to animad-vertere, in Latin.

3. Observe that the verbs SAvafuu, po£\ofuu, and /tAXw, often take

i; as their temporal augment, instead of e. Svvafuu. is inflected like

tcTOfiai. § i^T^Xeyêv, from ^leX^T^w.4. fiJfjLTfrr): the aorist subjunctive, when used for the imperative, as

here, commands the doing of an action on one particular occasion ; whereasthe present imperative enjoins the habitual practice. So /Jiif fU/jupov. "donot be always blaming ; " yn?; fiifj.-^, " do not blame on this occasion."

In prohibitions, |n) is rarely joined to the aorist imperative, but to the

subjunctive.

5. i.ToOaj'hvTOi. 2 aorist participle, from ixodtr^KU. §/zâ, "greatly,"

the neuter of the adjective, used as an adverb.

6. e/i Setypui, " as a sample." § -repiiipepe, " used to carry :" the im-perfect tense is used to express a continued action or a habitual action ; so

qpurra, in No. 3, " went on to ask," or " began to ask."

7. elSivoL, from oWa (see Irregular Verbs). § euTorrpl^cro : we shouldrather expect eUruirTplêro.

8. iKpi^Tf, 2 aorist passive of xpinrrv. § rvffofUrou, 2 aorist participle

of wwddvotULt. § Kaipov, " for a season ; '' i.e., for a long time, the accusa-

tive of duration of time. § ^x*^ f-^ aaOevrfaas, " 1 continue free from sick-

ness." t)((i), signifying " to have one's self," x.e., " to be," when joinedwith a participle, implies the continuance of the state indicated by the

participle ; so here the whole phrase means, " I continue now for a longtime in a state of non-sickness."

9. 'Afupaiar, " a cask of Aminean wine." The Aminxi, a Thessaliantribe, are said to have introduced into Italy the vines which furnishedthis wine. It was produced near Naples in greatest qoantitj. (Ck>n-

142 NOTES.

suit Vocahulary.) %Tp-fiaavTOi, 1 aorist participle of rerpalvu. §Insteadof iXaTTOvTo we should expect TjXaTTovTo.

10. virei(re\Owv, 2 aorist participle of {rjreicr^pxofio-t- § ?(7eie, " began to

shake." (See note on 6, irepU(pep€.) ûsinrode^b/ievos, " with the inten-

tion of catching," or "expecting to receive." § iTr6, like s?i6 in Latin,

means properly, "from beneath;" i.e., in a lower position. The future

participle is used to express a purpose or intention, or an expectation.

11. Observe iro\\(f, in the dative, after the comparative adjective, ex-pressing the measnrc of difference. The accusative is sometimes used in

this sense.

12. rjpdrra iiSup ineiv, " asked about water for drinking ;" literally, "todrink." The infinitive mood is a kind of verbal substantive, and often

takes the place of a noun. Here it is equal to the accusative of the Latingerund with ad; i.e., ad bibendum, %Kdl ydp : this phrase is often usedlike our " moreover," and the sense may easily be discovered by supply-

ing the ellipse; so here we may read, "and {tkey alleged it was good),

for his parents drank out of it."

13. rd. diaK6<ria ^7} : the article joined thus with the numeral, signi-

fies " the space of two hundred years," looked on as a wliole. § fp, con_-

tracted for ^dei. The contracted form would, if regular, be fiji, but

Xpa.ofj.ai, di.\pdo}, treivdo}, f«£w, Kvau, fffidw, and a few others, generallycontract ae and aei into 7) and y (instead of a and q.).

14. ds X'^'^P-^V' ^c-'ô-y^'"! "being shipwrecked in a storm." Here weshould rather expect h x"M'*'''') liut verbs signifying rest in aj'lace are

very often followed by a preposition denoting motion, with an accusa-

tive, the phrase thus suggesting the movement that preceded and led to

the state of rest. So here the preposition els, with tlie accusative, sug-

gests the sailing into the line of storm ; and vavayQv relates the result.

%Tup (TV/jLirXeduTuv eKdarov, " his fellow-passengers, each for himself, clasp-

ing ;" eKdarov being in apposition to rwv ffVfinX. § (7Ke6ovs, contracted for

ffKeveos, genitive singular of cKeDos, neuter. This is what is called the

partitive geiiitive—" clasping j?ar< o/the tackling." " Tackling" is pro-

perly expressed by the plural rd. ffKeit}, but the Greek of these dtrreia is notthe most correct or elegant. § Observe that the penult of dyKvpa is long,

while the corresponding syllable of ancdra is short. In later Greek, how-ever, the penult was short, dyKvpa.

15. ffii diriOaves : observe that the personal pronouns are expressed in

Greek, as in Latin, only when personality is to be strongly brought out

;

as when one person is to be contrasted with anotlier.

16. As jfrei is a historical tense, we should expect ypd<poi., the optative,

and not ypd<pTj, the subjunctive ; but the subjunctive is often used, as

here, to give vividness to the story, by introducing us to the events as if

passing before us.

17. irepda-ai, " to cross." The penult is long in the future and aorist

of irepdw, to "pass over" or " cross," while the corresponding tenses o(

TTiirpdcKij} (viz., wepdcrw and iirepcCffa) have the a short.

18. rpi<j)ei, a verb singular, with a neuter plural subject, /9tj3X/a.

19. ir/riffxero, 2 aorist indicative of vincx''ôixai. ^dyayeiy, 2 aorist

(reduplicated) of dyw. § x'^/'^s Ke(pa\r}i must be translated, " without tfte

head," (not " your head,") so as to preserve the ambiguity.20. ff\n>d>4>0rj, 1 aorist passive of avyfiVTopMi.

f

NOTES. 143

21. SoKup, 2 aorist participle active of idxû.

22. Observe r6Sa in the accusative, after the intransitive verb <iX7e2j'.

This is called " tJie accusativt of referaux or limitation." % trepos, sdL

rxoXa<rru((Ss, " another simpleton."

SECTION II.—ANECDOTES.

1. etfiapTo, from fielpofiai. § SapTJvai, 2 aorist infinitive passive of Sip.

2. ipXvapovv, contracted for tfikvapiow, neuter participle of ifikvapiu.

Observe the use of the article where we might expect the indefinite, rli.

3. ffvyfpfwTjKep, perfect of ffvppiu.

4. The iioiiU of this sentence is in the similarity of sound between

Tp&rof and the latter part of iiv-Opvrov. We can bring out the play on

the words by making a slight inversion, and translating, " the man, but

not the nwn-ner." " Manner," however, is not the most appropriate

term here for the expression of the idea, and yet it is the only meaning of

Tp6voi tliat is at all suitable for translating the pun. Indeed, it is seldom

possible to transfer into another language those pons which are mereplay upon words or sounds.

5. xpf)aOan governs the dative (of the instrument), as utor in Latin is

followed by the ablative.

7. airrmj, i.e., the talkative person, i5o\i<rxov.

10. Xantippe, wife of Socrates, is compared to Jupiter, to whom wasassigned the duty of sending thunder and rain.

13. eiJ T(£»Ttt, " for all purposes." %irTjp(l4TaT0, (totd IrepelSu. %Ppa-SuvoPTos, i.e., the person to whom the commission had been given '* being

tardy." g foxî 2 aorist of ?xw.14. xirop, neuter participle of -rlvu, agreeing with wcuBlof. § n^pai is

governed in the genitive by iîppiij/t, the preposition in composition being

followed by the same case, as if ej stood alone. § Korioie, from KaTiynipLi.

Note the peculiarity of augment, the syllabic being employed where tb«

temporal only should be found.

15. flfflru', from eUmiu, " to enter." (See IrregvlaT Verbs.)

18. opiaafiifov, " having defined." § eiSoKifiovproi is the genitivesingular n-uter—"it (the definition] being approved of;" i.e.. Diogenesapproving of it, or adopting it for the time. § riXai, 1 aorist participle

of TtXXo. § eUrqyeyKev, 2 aori~t of eia<f>4pon.

21. Note the play on the words Kbpaxas and icoXoxat. The similarity

of sound is more evident when the words are pronounced quickly, as id

conversation. The phrase eh Kopaxas, " to the crows," is like our " tothe mischief," " to perdition."

22. iKXavffer, from kKcuu. 23. Observe tiie repetition of negatives in

this sentence.

25. The genitive, Tifiwpias, " than vengeance," is governed by theeomparative, ipudvum. This is another instance in which the Greekgenitive is equivalent to the Latin ablative.

26. iffrepLfUvov, perfect participle passive of rriipv. § freffep, 2 aorist

of rlTTTo). § yeyeinnjKws, perfect participle active, from yaifdu. Ouridiom would require an infinitive here rather than a participle.

32. ixapdtU, 1 aorist participle passive, from iraipu.33. KarerXdyr), 2 aorist pa.«sive of rararXô-w. § Note that /3tor and

144 NOTES.

i^lca/jM are acaisatives of reference after the passive verl). § airrov ia

'governed by iJ.P7j/jLOve6(ov. ,

35. The article is used with the genitive of a proper noun to denote

the son of; as rbv Adyov, " the son of Lagus."

36. tovtI, " this, here," ^=Tovrol. The letter I is appended to all the

parts of ouTOS, to give a stronger demonstrative force ; as, oirroal {hicce),

aiTrjl, tovtI. This T has three peculiarities :— (1.) It is always long, and

always has the accent; (2.) It absorbs a preceding short vowel, as

rovTo-i, tovtI; (3.) It shortens a preceding long vowel or diphthong,

as TOVTOvi.

SECTION III.—FABLES OF ^SOP.

Little is known of the private history of jEsop. The place and the

date of his birth are uncertain. There is no doubt, however, that he

was a slave, and that his parents were slaves. Having been liberated byhis master, the philosopher ladmon, on account of his groat mental

qualities, he travelled through many countries, and among the rest,

Greece. The Athenians prized so higlily his wisdom and talents that

they erected a statue to him, as we are told by Phaedrus. He sojourned

some time at the court of Croesus, king of Lydia, on the invitation of

that monarch, who had heard of his great fame. Having been sent byhim to present an offering to Apollo at Delphi, he gave offence to the

Delphians, and was hurled headlong by them down the Hyampeian Rockin 563 n.c.

" Whether ^sop left any written works at all is a question which

affords considerable room for doubt, though it is certain that Fables

hearing jEsop's name wore popular at Athens in its most intellectual age.

We find them frequently noticed by Aristophanes. They were in prose,

and were turned into poetry by several writers. Socrates turned someof them into verse during his imprisonment (399 B.C.), and Demetrius

Phalereus (320 b.c.) imitated his example. The only Greek versifier of

/Esop, of whose writings any whole Fables are preserved, is Babrius.

Of the Latin writers of ^sojjean Fables, Phajdrus is the most celebrated."

—Smitli's Bictionary of Biography.

1. hv Tjv, " would have been."

2. iirl rb tIktsiv, " upon the bearing;" i.e., that she bore. § fva, " one

cub," (TKVfiuov being understood. § StA iravro^. " always."

3. ^KaOiffdr), 1 aorist passive of KaOiôaai. § lyvwv, 2 aorist from

yiyv(h(jKCt}.

4. eiipdiv, 2 aorist participle of evpiaKW.

6. ecrrcis for e(TT7)Kojs, perfect particii)le of fffrryxi.

7. dXXd, supply, " all very well," but.

8. {/v-qveyKas, aorist of inro<t>ip<j). % iwia-Tpatpeb, from ivL(rrpi(f>u>.

9. Sia(f)daprivai, 2 aorist passive of dicKpdelpu)

10. irfei/ffas, from irvô). § iiridpa/JLovTes, 2 aor'iiL participle of irt-

11

.

Tiêrai, horn tIktu. % Sis rî 7i/j.4pas." twice in the day." Ad-

WOTES. 146

verbs of place likewise goyem the genitive ; as, rol 717$ : so in Latin vbiterrarum. § reKeiv, 2 aorist infinitive of tIktu.

12. cdpov/jUvoJv Twv dXX&w, " the others being inclined to choose him ;"

or, " being on the point of choosing him."

13. Ko^Xfas, " some snails." Snails were considered rather a dainty

bj the ancients ; so much so that a Roman country seat was hardly com-plete without its cochlearium, or " snai>-preserve."

14. Tdffas }]fiJpas, " during all days ;" i.e., " every day." Observe that

duration of time is put in the accusative.

15. rod dStKstp : here again we find the article with the infinitive

mood, the latter being in fact a verbal noun, governed in the genitive bydpêrai. § S.Tep, a neuter plural, has its verb, Apêrai, in the singular.

16. ifiireffovcra, 2 aorist participle active of ij.i.rLvTCi>. § dXX'for iWd," well, but." 4XX4 often begins a clause having reference to somethingnot expressed, but uppermost in the mind of the speaker. Here the fly

ponders with itself, " I am going to die, certainly. WeU, toell! but it is

gome consolation that I have had a hearty meal, a satisfying draught,

and a comfortable bath." § pi^puKO, from pi^ptiicKU ; and viruKa, fromrlyu.

17. Ke<l>ak-^p fiopfi., " the head of a hobgoblin." The masks of the

ancients were not faces, but tcJiole heads. § ^p shonld rather be r^v, orelse the kuI ought to be removed.

18. ry fiTjrpi : the article is here equal to the possessive pronoun," hia mother." § vvo\aôv<ra, scil. riv \(rfO» : so in the Scriptures, " Hetook up his parable, and said." § ^/cXdjnj, from icX^ttw : translate, " Forfrom which of them has not the flesh (of the sacrifices) been stolen

by you?"19. elvai Karixovra, &c.: "that there was {i.e., existed) another dog,

which possessed (literally, possessing) a piece of flesh ;" or, ftvai KaTôvramay be taken as equal to Karix'ûf. But the former is preferable.

§ i,ifxli, 2 aorist participle of a<f>lT)fu. %i Si KwreTxev, " and that, onthe other hand, which he held." S is the accusative singular neuterof the relative pronoun Ss, rj, S, governed by KareTx^-

20. fK6ovTos, Sia<pdelpovTos: observe that the former is the aorist,

—

" when a stag had come ;" and the latter the present,—" and was spoiling,"

i.e., was going to spoil. § ^(pTjcrep, " said, yes ;" i.e., i, the man. § avrdtmeans the man, and airrov the horse.

21. ^paxiPTWv, 2 aorist passive of /S/>^w. § dipot is the accusative,

expressing duration of time,—" during the sunmier ;" while upq, is the

dative, indicating a point, time when, or a space of time, in some part of

which an action takes place. § With x«M<2''oy ^PX"'') supply upau.22. itoXXtji' bSov is in the accusative, expressing motion along or through-

out a space; just as action during, or throughout a certain time, is put in the

accusative. § iweipTjKdis, from iireiirop, (which see in the Vocabulary.)

§ hrunivTOi, from i<pi<rrr]fu. § KaXoir], the forms -oItjp, -olrjs, &c., are

generally adopted, in Attic, in the singular of contracted verbs in -aw,

-ew, and -ow, instead of the common inflexions, -oifj.i, -otj, &c.

23. MeXtraTov, from Melite, i.e., Malta. § irpo^Spafiev, from trporpix'^'

24. ^{elXes, 2 aorist indicative of iâipiw. § wadovaa, 2 aorist parti-

ciple of irdffxi^-

25. Oifxevoi, 2 aorist participle middle of rldvui. '* having entered into

14G NOTES.

partnership." § ffT&.'s, 2 aorist participle active of tffrrjfu. § ^t^Xaro,

I aorist middle of ivdWofiai. § tcrdi and ySeiv, from oI5a.

26. KaraXa^dirros, " having surprised him." § i/i^ds, 2 aorist parti-

ciple active of i/xâlvco. § i/mirXaKeLi, from i/jLirXiKU).

27. Xôuo-a Sti, &c. : there is a sudden change here from the indirect

to the direct mode of speech, col being used where we should expect avT(f,

and the other second persons supplying the place of thirds. § iK^Kpayei,

from Kpdfw.28. iria-ToifJLems, "giving a pledge of," or "sealing, "friendship. §ira.pe-

rlBei : the imperfect of TlOrjfxL is often irlOovv, iriOets, irlSei. § & <t>4peip :

observe that the relative ft is nexder plural, though referring, in syntax, to

two feminine nouns. It is the o-tro, or viands, which the writer is think-

ing of, and he therefore uses & in reference, not to the table and the hosjri-

tality, but to the eatables and drinkables (frira and irord), which were set

forward before the guest. § tuv 6vtwv, " the things that were there."

The genitive follows verbs of toucMng, clinging to, and such like. § rpv<pTî,

the genitive governed by irpori/xuv, which implies a comparison ;—tlie

comparative in Greek being followed by a genitive, as it is in Latin byan ablative.

29. The article is joined to Aia, as pointing to a well-Jcnovm deity.

§ vapaax^î') 2 aorist infinitive of irap^x'^- § ffvviSibv, from cwo'Sa," being well aware of." § KadijKev, 1 aorist of Kadlrj/ii. § KarairXay^vres,

from KaTavXriffact). § rbv \j/6(pov, "at the noise,"—the accusative of refer-

ence. The accusative is often used after intransitive and passive verbs,

and even after adjectives, to express the object in reference to which the

meaning of the governing word (verb or adjective) is specially applicable.

Sometimes such an accusative limits the signification of the verb, and it

is then called the accusative of limitation; thus, in the phrase 6.\yeiv

ir6Sa, i,\ye?p means to feel pain generally, but when 7r65a is added it

limits the pain to one part, g (Svaav, 2 aorist of 5vw, or Svvu.

30. yvCivai, 2 aorist infinitive of yiyvdiffKCJ. § After els supply oXkop, or

ipyacTTTipiov, " to the workshop, or studio, of a statuary." So we say,

" To St. Paul's,"

—

i.e., Cathedral understood—where the preposition

seetns to govern the possessive case. § ekdiras, from ekdfw. Note that

here we liave the active voice with the reflexive pronoun, instead of the

middle voice by itself. § ir6crov, the genitive of price, " for how much."So dpaxMV^f "lixt line, " for a drachma ;" and TrXelovos, " for a larger

sum." The drachma of the Athenians was worth about OJd. of ourmoney. § irpoaOi^KTiv, in apposition to tovtov, " as an addition,"

—

i.e.,

" into the bargain."

SECTION IV.—DIALOGUES OF LUCIAN.

Lucian was a native of Samosata, in the province of Commagcne,Syria. He was born probably about 120 a.d., and is believed to havelived till near the end of the century. For details of his life and writings,

consult tSmitJi's Dictionanj of Biography.

DiAi/>ouE I.

—

Line 1. (iir65os, 2 aorist imperative of diroSlSw/u.

3. dv0' ua; " because." 4. ouk Slv Xd/3ois, "you could not bj' any means

NOTES. 147

g^ it," (the £are.) As 4* implies a conditicn, and therefore uneertauihff

when joined with the optative in negative claoses it strengthens the

negation. 5. dôXop, an oM = 1 4d. English. As Charon's fare for

the ferrying a spirit over Styx was an obol, relatives pat into the

month of the deceased, before sepulture, an obol to pay the boat, and a

cake to appease the watch-dog Cerberus, which kept guard on the other

side of Styx. 15. liirAfirfy, from dvimyu. 34. Oip/uwi, "lupines."

Menippns, being a Cynic philosopher, carried some lupines about with

him in a bag or wallet. Lupines were the cheapest food of the very

poor. HeccUe's supper was a meal supplied by the rich Athenians to their

poorer fellow-citizens once a month. It was set out at the point where

three ways met ; and as the poor carried it off so soon as it appeared, they

said that " Hecate had devoured it." Hecate was a goddess of a three-

fold nature, having different attributes, different names, and different

places of abode. She was SeX^mj (Moon], in heaven ; 'Apre/us (Diana),

on earth ; and Hecate in the infernal regions. 36. AdXei, " he kept

jabbering." 40. KoiiSewos, &c., "and he cares for nobody." 41. o

MMtxos, " the vxll-knoum Menippus." Observe the force of the

article 6.

Dialogue II.

—

Line 1. Tovrorl, " this here." The demonstrative < is

added to all the parts of ovros, to give strong emphasis to the pronoun. Onits peculiarities see note. Section II., 36 (of Notes). 4. Observe ifr/iêreu

governing tico accusatives, ri and 6/iai. 15. vepUxoTcu, " cling to."

23. «j oi>S4, &c, " that I shall never cease ;" more literally, " how that I

am not going to leave ofi^ either." This is a peculiar construction ; an-

other remarkable example of which will be found in Xen. Anab., I. 3. 6.

It is usually called the genitive abadUUe, the in being added to show that

the action implied by the participle does not really exist, bat is only thought

of or intended. But thb so-called genitice absolute (a term which is seJf-

eontradictory, and which has been adopted to get easily quit of a difficulty)

can always be referred to some recognised grammatical principle and somegeneral rule, and is very often used to express the time, or cause, ormanner. Here, then, we regard the participle in the genitive as the

cause of the state indicated by the verb -yiywaKcrt. We would therefore

translate, " make up your mind to this, (or, come to this conclusion,)

because (i.e., for this reason, that) I shall never cease." Instead of this

genitive, we should have expected the infinitive with an accusative beforeit. 26- ravra ovx C/Spts, "is not this insolence itselfV^ ue., "is notthis the very essence of insolence? " 36. ri PWD^t, &c., " that vxU hioumsaying, ' Know thyself.'" The article t6 is joined to yrQ$i-aavr6w, whichis regarded as a compound notm. 36. <rvrelp<aw, literally "stringingtogether;" ».«.. forming into a connected strain. 37. rpôiydp, &c, "forit would suit (admirably), being sung after, (as a chorus to) yourlamentations."

Dialogue III.

—

Line 5. rb ift&r, " my case." " My a£Bur happenedin a very unexpected way. " The indefinite pronoun rlt, when appendedto an adjective, increases the force of the adjective ; thus, ft/yas t«,"very large;" fuKp6i ru, "very smalL" In some parts of our ownooontry there is a similar use made of the indefinite, as in the phrase, " Aa

148 NOTES.

big as anything,"—i.e., very big; " As clear as anything,"—i.e., very clear.

8. rbp dreKvop, rbv irKovcriov, are in apposition to Uroibhijspov, in preced-

ing sentence. § rk iroWd, an adverbial phrase, "for the most part,"

"generally." 11. iir' ifiol, &c., "promising myself that he would die to myadvantage, (in my favour;)" i.e., that he would make me his heir. § 4i

fi'/lKiCTTov, " and when the matter went on for a very long time," ypbyovbeing understood. 14. iweibav rdx^cTTa, " as soon as," quum prinium.

15. i-meiKws, "tolerably;" i.e., pretty hard. 17. iirw/ioadfiriv, 1 aorist indi-

cative middle of iir6/j.vv/ii. 24. oiiK oI5' 6^(0^ = nescio quomodo, " I don't

know how." 30. daTeia, &c., "for you have had a comical fate;" lite-

rally, " you have suffered amusing things." 32. irpbs t6, &c., "he wasin considerable perturbation at the suddenness" (of the thing). 33. awels,

2 aorist participle of (tvpItj/u. 34. ota, an adverbial accusative, " at

what a clever (trick;)" literally, "at what things." olos means pro-

perly, " of what kind," but it generally implies good, great, extraordi-

nary, like Latin qttalis. We have expressed this by inserting clever in

the translation of the phrase. 35. rpairiffdai, literally, "turn yourself;"

t.e., " have recourse to the short cut," b56v being understood. $Ace S.v,

" it would have come."

Dialogue IV.

—

Line 1. 'fjfj.irepe ZeO, "our Jove;" i.e., Pluto, whowas called so (" Jove with us ") in the infernal regions. Proserpine wasthe daughter of Demeter. 4. rlvwv S^rj, "what do you want?" or heg:

observe the genitive after a verb of entreating. § rls (Sv, &c., " whomay you be?" literally, "who do you happen to be?" 6. 6 'I(plK\ou,

"the son of Iphiclus." The article is often used thus, vl6s or Ovydr-qp

being understood. 8. &<f>edels, 1 aorist passive of d<pl7]fu. § irpbs bXlyov,

"for a little." 10. Observe iptara in the accusative, after the cognate

verb ipSxn (contracted for ipdovcn). 11. r^xoi, 2 aorist optative of

rvyxdvo). 12. toO l/rjv : the infinitive f^v, with toO joined to it, is equal to

a genitive, and is governed by ipCi, a verb of desiring. yvvaiKbi is also

governed by ipd. 14. (fX^M^y ^^-^ " J^ "^oent off (at once), sailing away;"i.e., I sailed hastily away. 17. 6<p0eU, 1 aorist passive of o/sdw: " lamwilling to come down again, after liaving appeared (on earth) to her, even

although {Kdv for Kal ?av) it loere but for a little time." 19. Kal fidXa,

" (yes, I drank of it), and (that too) heartily." § rb 8i irpay/xa, &c.,

" but the case was an extraordinary one;" i.e., my love was so strong

that all the water of Lethe could not overpower it." 24. rb ipav, anotlier

infinitive with the article, the two words forming the subject to iffrl :

" and y&ii know what a sore thing it is to be in love." 29. '\'fi^, 2d sin-

gular future of \ap.§dv(i}, 40. 656i' is the accusative, motion along or

throvgJioiii being expressed. 41. c3 dvep, "my husband;" i.e., Pluto.

43. KaOiKb/ievop, &c., "striking him with his wand." 46. fiinPTjao,

imperative of iiifiPr^iMU.

Dialogue V.

—

Line 1. wpoaTrecrdiP, " having attacked ;" literally,

" fallen upon." 3. 7]fiire\7J, accusative of ijfUTeXfis, " half-complete ;"

I.e., without its head, or master. 8. alriariop, soil, iarl, " I ought to

blame him." Such verbal adjectives govern the same ease as the verbs

from which they come. 16. dSiKa iroiwp, "acting unjustly, Protesilaus,

and that too {koI raCra) towards a ' brother-chip^" [bfi&rexpov); i.e., one of

NOTES. 149

the same trade. The meaning is, " if jon never let me go, you will act

an unfair part." 18. ê<p, by the same god, namely, Cupid. 24. roi

ipof, and T(j5 HdpiSi, both depend on alriot. 28. rpoevi/iSrjffas, &c,"leaped forth before the rest in a fool-hardy and unreflecting manner."

33. iTriK€K\Q<r6ai, perfect infinitive passive of ^t/tXti^w, '' that it had

been destined for me." § alTiq. is contracted for alridei, (uVii 77, 2d singular

present middle of aiTidofJuu.

Dialogue VI.

—

Line 1. Xayiffd/ieOa, "suppose we reckon," is not put

here in the form of a command, but as a suggestion. This is the usual

meaning of the first plural subjunctive when used imperatively, or rather

in a suggestively adhortatory manner. 3. wplffdcLi, " to come to a distinct

understanding." 6. hruXafiifif, " for you having commissioned me ;"

i.e., according to your commission. Observe the genitives ofprice which

follow. SpaxM'^^'i ToXXoO, &c. 9. rCivirivTe, "the five," already named.

11. ridei, '• mark down." 12. d-Kiarpav is governed by iKdfuffa, from

former sentence. 13. KariâXov, "paid down;" literally, " threw down."

16. dveyyoTtt, "the seams," or "chinks;" the perfect participle of

dvoiywfii, or Swolyw. Observe that the verbs dvoiyu, opdca, and oKLff-

Ko/jiai, take in their past tenses a double augment, both the temporal and

the syllabic ; thus :

—

PrcKnt. Imperfeet.

iv-oiyti) iv-4-cfiyov, which would regularly be itxôf.

opdw i-iiptijv ... ... wpuv.

oKUtko/jmi e dXwcp aof.) ... ... SiXufv, or (Att.) i^Xur.

17. Hxavra refers to all the accusatives going before, and, as they are

of different genders, it is neuter. 18. thvifcb), 2d singular 1 aorist

middle of iiviofiai, " you have bought tliese cheap ;" literally, " worthy,"—i.e., worth the money. 19. StAaêy, 2 aorist of SiaXavBdvu, "hasescaped our notice." 22. iviaroL, " it will be in my power." 25. KaOe-

oovfiai, future of Kadii'opMi, " I shall sit down." 32. dydir\e(f), nomina-

tive plural of ifdirXean. 34. iûSrjKiis (perfect participle of iôiSûj,

though intransitive, governs yacripa. in the accusative [accusative of

reference OT limitation.] 37. iis ioUoffi, " as they appear ;" i.e., "to all

appearance." 38. rctvu, &c : " (No wonder they try to ensnare one an-

other), for these things (namely, riches) are very, very desirable." xep^like per in Latin, increases the force of the adjective ; Charon, therefore,

by using irdw and irepl both, makes his statement very emphatic.

This expression Hermes at once turns against Charon, by using it as a

justification for himself, should he think fit to " demand payment sharply "

of his " little bill."

Dialogue VII.

—

Line 5. itnjXkdyTf, 2 aorist passive from iydSXdffffw.

§ T(fi (for tLvi) Tp6ir(p, "in what way." 11. Karavrdfievos, 2 aorist parti-

ciple middle of Kodlirrafuu.

Dialogue VIII.

—

Lirie 1. ^koj, " I have come," and otxofiai, " I havegone," though presents, are translated as perfects ; their imperfects, there-

fore, become pluperfects. 2. o^&rarov, " very sharp (ay, sharp enough),

even if it were necessary to oat through stones at one stroke." 4. SUXt^

150 NOTES.

2 aorist imperative of Statp^w. 5. KareveyKdiv, 2 aorist participle of /cora-

îpw. 6. ireipqi, contracted for veipd-rj, 2d singular of ireipdo/iai, " are

you testing me whether I am mad or no ?" § /j.4fji.7)va, 2d perfect of

fMlvofuii. 18. KaToiffu, from Karatpipu. 21. ^(xda, 2d singular imper-

fect of dixl. The syllable -6a was frequently added in the early language

to the 2d singular : in Attic it is retained in six verbs

—

oi<j6a (from olSa);

"oSeiaOa or ^SyaOa (imperfect of oI5a);^<rda (el/d, to be) ; ?<p7](Tda (imper-

fect o{ tf)r]/j.l]; ijeiada [etfiL, to go) ; and -xpijcyOa (XPV^-) 23. iXeX-Ôeis (from

\av9dvo)) Ix'^î " yo*^ escaped your own notice, having a camp and not a

head;" i.e., " you had, unawares to yourself, a camp, and not a head."

When \av9dv(i} and rvyxdvu are joined in syntax with a participle, it is

best to translate the jiarticiple as if it were the indicative (or other) mood,

and the part of \avOdvu or rvyxdvu) as if an adverb. So here, ôw,"you had," iXeX-ZiOeis, "unawares." § iru/spix^fet, "is dancing the

Pyrric dance." The Pyrric was a war-dance, rapid in step, and performed,

to the sound of the flute, by men under arms. It was therefore suit-

able to Minerva, goddess of war. 25. t6 fiîrrov, " greatest wonderof all." 26. iv Ppaxei, "in a short time,"—so brevi for brevi tempore.

§ KOfffieT, "sets off." 30. t6 ye iir' 4fiol, "as far at least as depends

on me."

Dialogue IX.

—

Line 1. iraiffaa-Oe iplôvres, " leave off quarrelling

with one another, just like men ; for this is unbecoming {in itself, or to

yourselves), and foreign to the banquet of the gods." 3. iCKkbTpta: wordsthat express or imply a comparison or a difference are followed by a

genitive. 5. irpoKaTaKKlvijOai, " should have a more honourable place at

table than I." The ancients reclined at table, as is well known. 6. N'i) Ala. :

observe that -(Esculapius, with comic freedom, swears by Jupiter to his

very face. § Kal, " and [quite right 1 should take precedence of you), for I

am your superior." 7. Jj, the interrogative of direct questions = " is it?*

" In what respect (are you my superior), you crazy fool? Is it because

Jupiter," &c. 8. & p.y] O^fus, &c., " doing what was unlawful." This

refers to .Sisculapius being killed by lightning for restoring Glaucus to

life again. 10. iiriXiX-rjcrat. ydp, " (you need not talk so boldly), for haveyou too forgotten your being burned to a cinder (literally, having been

burned dotvn) on Mount CEta, that you cast up fire to me?" 12. oCkovv,

(accented thus), means " therefore not ;" but in ovkovv, (accented thus), the

negative force seenis to vanish, it being equal to " therefore,"or "wherefore."

§ laa and 6fioia. are neuter plurals, used adverbially. Translate, " Well,

llien, [totaheyou on another topic,—not whathas befallen us, but what loe havedone), life has not been spent with equal benefit (to others) and in a similar

way by you, and by me who, in the first place, am the son of Jupiter."

Hercules means to say that he has benefited others more than .^sculapius

has done, and has been engaged in more honourable and manly occupa-

tions. § pe^Lutai, perfect passive of /Siiw, used impersonally,—"it has

been lived;" i.e., " liife has been spent." § ij/tt*', "by us;" which is

equal to "by you, and by 7;te"—this " me," ifiol, being antecedent to Si

«vhich follows. 13. roffavra, &c., " have performed so many labours."

14. dvOpdnrovt, &c., " of use, perhaps, in applying (some) of your drugs to

diseased folk, but a person who has exhibited no manly trait of character."

HyOpuiroi, like homo, means any human being—man or woman ; hence

KOTES. 151

often nsed as a term of depredation or coiUempt; while dr^p, like nV, implies

dignity and hratery, or other merit. 1 6- rtDf ^pftaxt^ is the partitite gen-

itive, meaning some of. 19. inr' ifufxHp, &c, " damaged in your body byboth (calamities) ; by the tnnic, and after that by the fire." Observe thai

X'^^'os and xvplK are in the genitive, in apposition to ofupdip. § Su^ap-lUitn, perfect participle passive of Suupdeipw. (See Sntidi^s Dictionary of

Biography, fur Life of Hercules.) 22. Top<pvpiSa depends on irSebvKdn,

" clothed in purple ;" i.e., " having put on a purple robe." 29. Uuraa&ai,

aorist infinitive, for future. § KptLHor is another acataative of ref-

erence or limitation^ depending on the passive form, ffvrrpifiiyTa,

" being crushed as to your skull ;" i.e., " having had your skull broken."

34. ire is the accusative plural neuter of Sore, but is used adverbially,

to introduce the reason or explanation of the foregoing clause. It maybe translated, " forasmuch as." It is used much like Latin qu^pe, with

the relative, jim,—quippe qui.

DuiiOGCE X.

—

Line 1. ydp refers to some prerions conversation

supposed to have taken place between Mercury and Maia. 3. Observethe two negatives, /t^ and fir]54p, which in Greek do not destroy, but

gtrengtken each other. 4. X^cd is the subjunctive here—" the subjunctirt

of deliberation," as it is called : " Why may I not say so ?" 5. Suxorw-

liKPOSj " torn asunder ;" i.e., " distracted." So we say to " divide one's

self." 9. TifupodpofMVFra, "posting up and down like a courier." The^/upoSpSfUK, or " day-runners," were men who were trained to run long

distances without rest. (See Com. Sepos, in Life of Themistoelea.)

11. o&ox^, i.e., Ganymede. IS. /le/iepor/i^Kir, "divided as lam." 19. rdrian, the sons of Leda, Castor and Pollux. 20. ip ^hou, Le., idfup

understood. % rap^ yjplpiv, "day by day;" ue., " on alternate days.'

i\. Tovra Kdx6(iu, afikirs here (in Heaven), and aflUrs there (in Hades).

22. The sons of Alcmena and Semele were Hercules and Bacchus.24. 6, " the son of Maia." 25. Lucian seems here to refer to Europa,who, however, was the daughter of Agenor, and the sister of Cadmus.27. rexoft^te, perfect of riprw. 28. Danae, daughter of Acrisins, king of

Argos. 30. inrtiyhpevKo, " I am done out;" perfect of arafOfmrii).

31. TerpSurdat. perfect infinitive passive of Tirpdoicu. 33. la raCro,"never mind these things;" or, "let these things pass." § TcuTa is

an aeaisative of reference or limitation,—" as to all things ;" uc, " in all

things."

Dialogue XI.

—

Line 1. eta, &c. : "what shameful treatment I haveexperienced at the hand of my accursed guest I " 9. ovS4, " by no means."15. 8 i4>fpoF, &c, i.e., t6 hMpop 8 i<f>€pop. 23. tAoi, " in fine,"

"at length." § Ifprip: see eipl. Irregular Verbs. 25. dx" ^kcicov, " fromdiat time." 28. pera^v, &c, "while being blinded ;" ue., " in the middleof (your) being blinded." 29. ov yip if, &c, " for I well know that

he could not have moved," &c. 33. -rapeis, 2 aorist participle of rapiiipt,

36. pavddvu, &c., " I understand,—that they (Ulysses and his com-panions) escaped your notice, going out secretly under them;" {Le.. theram, and other sheep.) 41. <H.7j6irr€i, 1 aorist passive, from otopa*.

48. r& TUP rXein^wp, " the interests of those at sea (sailing] are in mjkeeping."

152 NOTES.

Dialogue XII.

—

Line 2. rb hetwvov, &c., " tlie banquet in Tlicssaly,"

at the marriage of Pcleus and Thetis. 11. XaOovca, " escaping the notice

of." § Tuv irivbvTuv, and the other genitives, aflford good examples

of the so-called genitive absolute being used to express the catise.

18. dve\6fievos, 2 aorist middle of dvatpiw. 21. Observe oiT^y in geni-

tive after etvai, " to belong to her." 22. &xpt X^V^''* " even to blows."

26. 3j = ouToj yap. 28. What then did the goddesses do t 32. r)v ^ij,

'• unless."

APPENDIX.

EUPHONY.TuE concurrence of certain consonanta was ver7 offensive to a Greekear, and was therefore systematically avoided. The following are the

principal rules which must be observed in affixing a termination beginning

with a consonant to a stem ending in a consonant :

—

L THE MUTES.

1. In a concursus of mutes, the second must he a lingual dental^

T, B, or ; i.e., a labial b not followed by a palatal, nor a palatal by a

labial. [The preposition Ik, in compound words, forms the only excep-

tion to this rule.]

2. Cognate consonants come together; i.e., a light labial or palatal mastprecede a light lingual dental, an aspirate must precede an aspirate, andan intermediate, an intermediate : thus we cannot say yiypa-<f>-T-cu, but

"y&ypa-ir-r-ai (from ypatft-u) ; [so in Latin we do not say scrib-tus, bnl

scrip-tus\ ; not irv-ir-O-Tiv, but M-Ô-rjy ; not 6k-Soos (Crom d/t-Tw), but

57-5oos.

3. Mlien two lingual dentals meet, the former is changed into j : thus wecannot say hrel-d-d-rjv, but iirel-ff-d-rjy (from xel0-u) ; not ip€i-5-d-Tjpai, but

fpei-ff-9-TJvai (from ipelS-u.)

4. If two successive syllables begin with an aspirate, the first aspirate is

changed into its corresponding Light; as, we-îi-XriKa, not ^-tpl-XriKa

;

i-X'î not I'Xw.

II. THE MUTES AND OTHER CONSOXAN'TS.

5. The mutes t, /3, 0, before /*, are changed into ft ; as, yiypafi-fiai,

not yiypa4>-p.at. (from ypd<p-w).

6. The mutes k and x> before /i, are changed into y ; as, ^^^pey-fun,not pi^pex-ftai (from ^p^-w). Except a few words like dK/iij, dpaxp-v, &c.

7. The mutes t, S, 6, before fi, are changed into j; as, ir^Tr«<j--/Mn, not

rhreiff-fuii (from ireiOw). Except a few words like araOfids.

8. The mutes v, ^, <f>,before j, combine with i and form \j/ ; as, ti5-^-«

for Ti-TTff-tj).

9. The mutes k, y, x, before j, combine with s and form |; as, \i-^-u,

not X^cr-w. Except the preposition iK, which remains unchanged.10. The mutes t, 5, 6 (and the lingual v) are rejected before s ; as,

ffuifiaffi, not adifia-T-ffi. ; xdtrt, not ird-trr-ai. (See note, p. 31.)

164 APPENDIX.

1 1. The letter*', before ir, (3, (f>(or ^), is changed into /t; as, (ru/^-/3d\Xw,

for (TW-^dWo).12. The letter v, before k, y, x (or ^> is changed into y; as, iyx^M,

for h-x^^ ; iyK4<pa\ov, for iv-KîpaXov.

13. 'J'he letter ;/, before a liquid, assimilates itself to it ; as, cruX-X^w,for <TW-\4yo}.

14. Consonants are not doubled, excepts-, k, t, y, and the semi-vowelsX, /t, V, p, s, {it, k, and y very seldom.)

15. See note, p. 28, for another euphonic principle.

THE ACCENTS.*1. Tliere are three accent-marks in Greek :

—

(a) The acute, as on rin-f}.

(6) The grave, as on rivhs.

(c) The circumflex, as on a^X'^j.

2. The acute may stand on any of the last three syllables of a word;

and the circumflex on either of the last two.

3. Every syllable not otherwise accented is considered as having the

grave ; but the grave is never written except on the last syllable, and then

only when no punctuation mark follows. The grave merely indicates

that the acute is not to be admitted, for the time. Thus we write i-vd,

To6t, and dypous with an acute on the final syllable ; but this acute is

turned into a grave when the words meet in a sentence without anypunctuation mark between ; as, &va roiis dypoiis rwv yeupyQv.

4. The circumflex results from a combination of the acute and tho

grave; thus, -iit. when contracted makes t], or rj, or in cursive writing, rj.

It can stand only on syllables naturally long, i.e., containing a long vowelor diphthong; as, avXrjS, (pevye.

5. When the last syllable of a word is short, the acute may stand onthe antepenult ; as, dvOponros.

N.B.—The terminations -ot and -at (except in the optative mood),

and the Attic inflexions -ujs and -uv, are treated as short

syllables; as, dnavdai., iroXirai, dvOpunroi, 7r6Xews, dviiryewv.

G. When the last syllable of a word is long, the acute cannot stand

farther back than the penult ; as, dvOpuvov.

7. The circumflex can stand on the penult only when the last syllable

IS short (see No. 4.) ; as, fivla [but fivld, nominative dual], yXurra [but

yKdrrTTj^] . So p-rp-ep [but fjL-^rjp],

8. In contractions,

—

(1.) If the first member of the concursus have the acute, the con-

tracted syllable will have the circumflex ; as, îX-ô-yuec,

ipiX-oD-piev; âcnX-fl', paaiX-ei.

(2.) If the second member have the acute, the contracted syllable

will likewise have the acute ; as, (t>i\-eoi!i-a7js, (piX-oi-ffris.

Except a few words like d,? ; lyêos, dpyvpovs.

* It is only tlie leading principles of acccntimtion tl'.at are here given. For the

theory and more minute details, the advanced student Is referred to "The Laws of

Oreek Accentaatioo," by the&ev. U. J. Bryce, LL.D. SVilliams and Norgate: 1859.

APPENDIX. 155

(3.) If neither of the syllables have the acute, the contracted syl-

lable will not be aflFected; as, fidvT-ee-s, fidm-ei-i ; rifi-ao-

ft.ivri, Tifi-u-fievTj.

OF THE ACCEXT EN THE INFLEXION OF NOUN&

9. The position of the accent in the nominative singular of a declinable

word must be learned by practice, or ascertained from the Lexicon ; but

when the tone-syllable of the nominative is once known, the accent of the

oblique cases is easily fixed by the following rules :

—

10. The accent remains throughout the oblique cases on the samesyllable on which it stands in the nominative, so long as the quantity of

the final syllable permits ; as, ai'^-i}, avK--^ ;/ScurtX-ei^, jSatrtX-^a ; iro/>-

div-os, irapdiv-ot; Xfifjuliv, XeipLuv-ot; iroifL-qv, iroifiAv-os\ alyeipos, atyeip-

ov, but aiyelpov.

11. Exceptions.—In the Third Declension, genitives and datives of

two syllables take the accent on the inflexion ; as, &:Qp, 0-qp-m,

Orip-olf, 0T]p-uv, 6T]p-ffl ; but accusative &T)p-a, nominative plural

0rjp es. So likewise syncopated nouns, as firrrr^p, genitive ftifTp-os

(not fiTjTpoi) ; Ovydrrip, genitive Ovyarpds ; and "yvtr/i, genitive

yvvaiKOi, yvifaiKwv, though not syncopated.

12. The inflexions of all genitives and datives, when long, are circum-

flexed, provided the tone be on the inflexion syllable (see 10); as, CKi-i,

ffKi-ds, ffKiq., VKi-oLLV, (TKi-aZs; aer-ov, icT-uv; OTjp-oiv, dTjp-uv; 6e-^,

0€-oii. The other cases take the acute; as, aKi-al, crKi-ds; ^c-oi)j; der-6i>.

13. The genitive plural of the First Declension has always a circum-

flex on the last syllable, because -uv is contracted for -duv ; as, (rKt-wf for

ffKt-duv.

14. Vocatives in -€«; and -ot circumflex the last syllable; as ^cwtX-cv,

Ai7T-ot.

THE ACCENT OF VERB&

15. In verbs the accent stands as far back as the quantity of the final

syllable permits ; as, TinrTOfiep, Tinrrfrai, TwroiffdTjv, /SouXewrcu (optative).

16. Those parts of verbs in which there was originally a contraction

(or supposed contraction) follow the rules for contraction (8, above); as,

iyyeXQ, fut., for d77eX^w;

fieveiTov, fut., for fievierov ; IffTufiifv, for

brrdufjLev ; \vOfi (1 aorist passive).

17. Exceptions.—The accent of the following parts must be specially

noted :

—

ACTIVE.

(1.) 1 aorist infinitive on penult, Xwr-«u,

2 aorist infinitive on final, \Lir-t1p.

2 aorist participle on final, XtTr-tii'.

Perfect infinitive on penult, \e\vK-iviu. : and 80 all infini

tives in -vai\ as, ridevai..

MIDDLE.

1*2.) 2 aorist imperative on final, as Xtx-oO.

2 aorist infinitive on penult, "Kkw-ivOau

(l-'S)12

156 APPEISDIX.

PASSIVE.

(3.) Perfect infinitive on penult, \e\v-(r6ai.

Perfect participle on penult, XeXv-ii^vos.

18. All participles of the Third Declension, ending in s, take an acute

on the final syllable ; as, \vOels (1 aorist passive), rideU (present active),

iiut the participle of 1 aorist active follows the rule ; as, jSouXeycras.

PROCLITIC&

19. Some small words, o6, el, ws, iv, els [is], iK, 6, i], ol, al, throwforward their accent on tlje word following, if connected in syntax ; an,

ENCLITICS.

20. Enclitics are small, unemphatic words, which throw back their

accent on the preceding word (if cimnected in meaning), so that the twowords form only one, as it were, in pronunciation ; as, k6/>7j tis, vo/ieTi

Tives, paaiXeiJS iffrt, So0\6s rit, ^ovv riva. Compare que, ne, &c., in

Latin; as, omneinque.

BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF THE SYNTAX OF SIMPLESENTENCES.

I. SUBJECT AND PREDICATE.

1. Rule.—An adjective (whether article, pronoun, participle, or adjec-

tive proper) agrees with its own substantive in gender, number, and casi;

;

as, 7) Kbpt] icrrl koX^ : ol iroXiTal elcn iXevdepoi : rd irpdy/iaTd icrri /coXd.

Ohs. 1. When an adjective refers to substantives of different genders,

it takes the gender of the masculine noun rather than that of the

feminine, and of the feminine rather than of the neuter : 6 irarTjp

Kal Tj /J.rp"rjp dyadoL elcn : ij fi'firrip Kal rb iraiSiov dyadal eicn.

Ohs. 2. When the substantives are names of inanimate objects, the

adjective is put in the neuter ; as, \ldoi re Kal irKlvOoi koI ^liKa

iarl -xpijCLfiQ.,—stones and bricks and beams of timher are use-

fvl [tilings).

THE ARTICLE.

2. The article was originally a demonstrative adjective pronoun, and

hence it is used to point distinctly to an object, to render it prominent,

and thus distinguish it from others, and oppose it to others.

(1 .) It points to what is known, or supposed to be well known ; as,

6 2w/c/)(£r^x, that well-known person, Socrates; 6 '^€vo(t>G)v,

Xenophon, who was mentioned lately.

(2.) With singulars, it sometimes denotes a class; as, 6 iraty, children

generally.

(3.) It is used with names of materials, virtues, and generic noons;

as, 6 xP^'^^^i "h dper-fi, gold, virtue.

(4.) It serves as a possessive pronoun ; as, 6 iraTrjp qxjv t<^ vl<^, tht

faiker vzith his son.

^

APPENDIX. 157

(5.) It has a distributive force ; as, toO fir]v6s, hy Vie month,—i.e., every

month.

(6) It distinguishes the subject of a sentence from the predicate ; as,

6 avyjp d.yad6s, the man is good; or, iyaObs 6 iirqp. But 6

d7o06s ojtJp would simply mean, the good man.

(7.) It indicates what is customary or deserved; as, ?\a/3e ra va\rd, he

received the two spears usually given / ttjj' Siktjv, the deserved

punishment.

Ohs. 1. The article, with a participle, is equal to a relative clause;

as, 6 vpirruiv = iKeivos is irpdrrei, Ac who docs. In this case it

retains its primary demonstrative power.

Ohs. 2.—It is used with the infinitive mood (in all cases), thus

forming a kind of gerundival substantive; as, rd /cX^rretp,

stealing; toC KXhrTew, of stealing, of thefL

AGREEMENT.

8. KcT.E.—A verb agrees with its subject in number and person; as,

tyCj ypdipu ; ffii ypd(peis ; ijfieU ypdipofiev.

Exception.—But a neuter plural subject usually takes the verb in the

singular ; as, rk ftDa rpix^h Oie animals run.

If.B.—Since two singulars are equal to a plural, two singular subjects

connected by a co-ordinative conjunction (xoi, &c.) have a verb

or adjective in the plural ; 6 reus xal i} Kbp-q ffo^l flai, theboy andthe girl are icise.

Exceptiotu— But in a series of nominatives the verb often agrees with

the subject nearest it; as, (pCkei ae o irarrip koI ^ p^^VP ^"^ oi

d8e\<pol, your father loves you, and {so do) your mother and your

brothers.

APPOSITION.

4. Rule.—Substantives which stand in apposition* to one another agree

iu case ; as, KOpos, o âaiXfvs, Cyrus, the king ; "LwKpdTJfv, rbv ao<pbv,

0avudôiJ.ev, we admire Socrates the philosopher.

Obs.—The same rule applies when the second substantive is used as

a predicate; as, 'Kvpos tjv ôffiXevi, Cyrus was king; UpdKin^

iyivero dr]d(I>i', Procne ums changed into a nightingale. This kind of

apposition occurs (1) with substantive verbs, (2) passive verbsO" NAMING AND CHOOSING, and (3) VERBS OF GESTURE.

IL THB CASES

NOMINATTTB AND VOCATITB.

5. The nominative is used to express the subject of the sentence, or the

substantival predicate, as shown in Art. 3 and 4 above.

6. The vocative is used in expressions of address, as in Latin; but

the nominative often takes the place of the vocative, even in address.

• T-AO sutjstantives are said to be ia appostiion whea one is appended to the other

U:> explain or limit it.

158 APPENDIX.

ACCUSATIVE.

7. The accusative case expresses the direct object of the action indicated

by a transitive verb. It answers to the questions, whom? what? to wluit

2>lace? during what time?

8. Rule.—Transitive verbs govern the accusative ; as, 6 vats ftlirrei

tV <T<pa'ipav, the boy throws the hall ; welOei. rbv Kpiri/jV, he persuades tJie

judge. [But many transitive verbs govern tlie gen. or dat.]

9. Any verb, whether it be transitive or intransitive, may govern in the

accusative a substantive of kindred signification ; as, tovtov rbv kIv^vvov

Kivdvveiicro}, 1 shall incur this danger ; vixrov voaeiv, to he ill of a disease.

10. Many verbs in Greek are followed by two accusatives, the one ex-

pressing the person, the other the thing. Such are verbs of concealing,

teaching, ashing, dividing, depriving, clothing, and many others.

11. An accusative is often put a.ite,T passive rcrJs, intransitive verbs,

and adjectives, to define them and limit their application. This is called

the accusative of reference or limitation ; as, d-Xyeiv roi/s Tr65a$, to be

pained in the feet: KaX6s ri ififiara, beautiful in the eyes; i.e., having

beautiful eyes : 2w»cpdT7;s rb 6vofj.a, Socrates by name.

12. The accusative is used to express duration of time and extent of

space; as, iriyre 7]fj,^pas l/u-eive, he remained (foT)f,ve days; dirêi 5^(co

ffradlovs, it is distant ten stadia.

THE GENITIVE.

13. The primary meaning of the genitive is source or origin. Henceit is employed to express (1.) The point of separation {from, aivayfrom) ;

(2.) The cause, matei-ial, or occasion; (3.) The time at which, or j)i<^ce in

which an action originates or occurs. Hence it signifies,

—

(1.) The author or possessor ; as, b vibs rov Sfo^toiTOS, Xcnojihoii's

son ; T) /xdxaipa rov va&rov, tlie sailor''s cutlass. It thus answers

to the questions, whose? of whom? of what?

Obs. 1. Thus arises the genitive of material ; as, v6fuafjf.a dpryipov,

a coin of silver.

Obs. 2. eljj.1, like sum in Latin, is followed by the genitive to

denote that something is the part, duty, or characteristic of ; as,

dvSpbs iariv dyaOov eO woieiv toi>s (plXovs, it is the part [or duty)

of a good man to benefit his fiends.

(2.) The tchole of which anything is a part (partitive genitive) ; as,

ffocpwraros irdvrup, the wisest of all ; (rraybves vSaros, drops of

water ; irov yijs eariv, where on earth is he ? ovk iyd) ro&rwr

elfd, I am not one of these ; Ixîs ri tuv xpvfJ-dTwv, you liave

soTne of the money.

(3.) T?w. part affected. Hence it is used with verbs which signify to

touch, take hold of share, obtain, &c. ; as, iirTcrai rov x"'w»'os,

he takes hold of the robe ; fierixîv TifiCov, to share in the honours.

(4.) The operations of the senses (except sight) ; as, ^Kovaa. r^y (puvrji,

I heard the voice. IJut iJKovffa ravra rov narpbi, I heard this

FROM my father. So verbs and verbal adjectives which signify

an affection of the mind are followed by a genitive ; as, tireipoi

r€)v irpa.yp.drwv, inexperienced in business ; iiridvuei rfjs dperl)!,

he aims at (yearns after) virtue.

APPENDIX. 159

(5.) The price or ralue ; as, iyopdl^'fiv tc SpaxMVî ^ ^5 something /ora drachma ; A^tos ttjs iXevdeplas, tcorthy o//reedom.

(6.) The crime, or ground of accusation ; as, KaTabiKtly riva <f>69wi, to

condemn one on a charge of murder.

(7.) Abundance or scarceness ; as, vXrj &i]piitn> xXi^pijj, a forest fuU ofirild beasts.

(8.) Separation, or removal from; as, etKCWT^ oSoD, to vnthdrawfromthe road.

(9.) Cause or occasion ; as, rhv tralBa rrp a.perrj's SavfiAlêi b xptri^,

the judge admires the boy for [i.e., because of) his merit.

(10.) Superiority or inferiority ; as, 6 vlbt /jLel^wv iffrl tov xarpSt, the

son is taller than his father ; 'A.ffTvdyr]s M^Swv fjpêv, Astyages

ruled over the Mcdes ; 6 viij fieloiv i<m rod rarpds, the son is

less than his father.

(11.) Time when, or tcilhiu which, if spoken of indefinUely ; as, rvicr6f,

by night j tov lapos, in spring.

THE DATIVE.

14. The dative case denotes,

—

(1.) The individual (person or thing) to whom anything is given or

communicated ; as, aimp elwev 6 Kvptot, the master said to him ;

ZiiKeâv dXXiJXotj, they conversed vrith one another.

(2.) The individual who is benefited or injured in any way ; as, if

PacriXeia vrrjpxe rtf Ki5p<^, tfie queen favoured Cyrus ; SiSuaiavT<^ iTTirov, he glees him a horse.

(3.) Belief in, or obedience to ; as, Ty yye/iSvi ivurreiitrafiev, we trusted

to the guide.

(4.) The cause why something is (done), the manner or circumstances

in which it is (done), the instnment by which it is (done), andthe agent by whom it is (done) ; as, dyaXXovrai r-§ viK% theyare delighted at the victory

—

i.e., because of the victory; ^q.

eli oIkIolv irapiivaL, to enter a house byforce ; lâXov Xldoii, theystruck with stones ; iKrelpotrro 'AxuioTs, they were slain by the

Greeks. [Bat irti with the genitive is most osnally employedin this sense.]

p.) Intercourse with, whether friendly or the opposite; as, toTj iyaOoTsd/jIXei, associate with the good.

(6.) Likeness, or equality, or coincidence; as, viQos trov davdrtfi, acalamity equal to death; 6p.oios irarpl, like [om's] father.

(7.) Time or place; as, t^ t/jiVt; rip^pq., on the third day; 'Adrjiftus,

at Athens.

UL IXFIXITIVE MOOD.

15. The infinitive mood is a kind of verbal substantive, and is usedwith or without the article to express the object or aim ; as, IKriûwvdjfftv, I hope to conquer,—i.e., I hope-for victory.

16. It often serves as the subject of a verb ; as, ifii im ri /tatêCxif)

to kam is pleasant

160 APPENDIX,

COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE THIRD DECLENSION IN

LATIN AND IN GREEK.

lATDiT.Class.

I. Pure stem in the Nominative.

Consul. Honor.

Consul-is. Ilonor-is.

r"• Letter added to stem.

Urb-s. Dux (= duc-s)

.

li Urb-is. Due-is. io

Ret-e. Ket-is, n.o

a

I III. Vowel inserted

Nav-i-8. Clad-e-s.

Nav-is. Clad-is.

a<

r

^^ Last letter of stem dropped

»! Sermo. Lae, n. oO

V.

Sermon-is. Lact-is.

Letter thrown out hrfore a.

H

i Aetas. Laus. t.)

•- Aetat-is. Laud-is.

VI. Loit vowel of stem cTianged.

Nomen, n. Caput, n.

Nomin-is. Capit-is.

VII. Last consonant of stem changed.

Flos. Arbos, or Arbor.

Flor-is. Arbor-is.

K0UN8 WITH PECULIARITIES OF MORE

THAN ONE CLASS.

Clauis. Btbu. Gek.

(1.) II. & VI. Judex (judic-), Judic-is.

(2.) IV. & VI. Homo (homin-), homin-is.

(8.) V. A VI. Miles (mllit-), milit-is.

(1; VI.&VIL Corpus (corpor-), corpor-ta.

l<

GREEK.Class.

L Pure stem in (he Nominative.

Xet/xuJi'-oj. 6r)p-b%.

II. iMter added to stem.

ijpu-s. yif {i.e., 7i57r-j).

fipw-0%. yvir-ds.

III. Half a vowel inserted,

(i.e., a short vowel lengthened)

iroi/xriv. Salfiuv.

iroL/jiiv-os. Zalfiov-m.

IV. Txist letter of stem dropped.

Sfvo(pQp. aufia, n.

^evo<pC>t>T-o!. ffibfiar-ot.

ydXa. ydXaicT-os, n.

V. Letter thrown out before 8

X^/9r;j. 6pvii.

\^prjT-os. 6pvi0-os.

VI. Last vowel of stem changed

/xdvTi-i. yXvKd-s.

fjidm-e-us. y\vKi-os.

VII. La.it cons, of stem vocalized in

some cases and omitted in other t.

/3o0-s (j3o-y-s) . /3ao-iXei5-$.

/3o-6j. SaciKi-iiK.

nouns with pkcitliaritibs of hobbthan one class.

CLAMra. 8nm. Ow>.

(1.) II. AIILaWci-s {alto-), tuZooi.

oAtiinif (aA(t)jr«ic-), aXunrtK-Oi

(2.)IIlitrV. XeMC (Aeoi^-), Xiom-o^.

(CT«t9 (icTev-), jcTei'-o*.

o{ov( (fiioVT-), 68<iiT-ot.

i

APPENDDL 161

CONTRACTED YERBS m -aco, -ew, AND -o«-

Certain Pure Verbs suffer contraction in the Pres. and Imperf. of all

Voices and Moods. The other tenses have no concursus, and are declined

like the corresponding parts of Xi/w. The verbs rifidu, I 'honour ; roUm,

I make; and maObu, I let out for hire^ will exhibit all the peculiarities

of the contracted inflexions.

ACTIVE VOICE.

Pres.

—

Ti/i-du, I honour. (piX-iu, I love. fuff6-6w, I let out for

hire.

- S. -du -w -i<a Q> -6« -w-dctj -9» itu -eti •6€ts -0*1

> -dft -? -iet -et -6fi -0*

5

rD. -derov -Stop -ierop -eiToi' •6tT0P -OVTOP

•derov -aroi' -itrop -eiTOP -derop -OVTOP

P. -do/iep -Q/iep -iofjiep -OVfUP -bofiev -ovfiCPt^ •dere -are -iere -eire -Sere -oSre

-dovffi -Qffi -iovffi. -OV<Tl -Sovffi -oOffi

r S. -dw -Q -4o} -Q -6(a -w

H dTjs -ps -ivt -Vt -ijs -oti

> -dv -? -h -V -6ti -«h

D. -drp-op -Stoi' -hfrOP -rJTOP -6rjT0V -WTOP-drjTOV •S.TOP -hp-op -TfTOP -orp-op Snop

5 P. -duficp -wfiev -iwfJXP -Q/jLev -6<i}iJieP -Qfiep

-drp-e -are -irp-e'T^

-6-ijTe -urre

L -dwct •Giffi -iwai -wri -buxn -d'ffi

' S. -doifu -<ffU -Ôl/JU -WfU -6oifu -dtfu

-dots -VS -ôts -oTy -6ois -oty

>5 J

-dot -V -^01 -ail -6oi -6i

D. -do(TOP -iÔP -40LT0P -oilTOP -boiTov -oTtop

g ]-aoirrjp -(fTTTIP -€oItijp -oLrrjP -ooiTTjp -olnjp

^ P. -doi/xev 4na> -iotfup -cii/ia> -boifup -oifjuep

-ioire -(fire -4oiT€ -oTre -6oiTe -oire

L -doifj' -(fitp -4ouv -di€V -boiev -oiep

«• rs. -«6 -a -«e •€1 -oe -ov> -«^w -dru -e^w -drw -O&U -WJTU)

S4

D. -derov -arop -ierop -eiTOP -berop -OVTOP

-airwv -drup -c^wv -elruv -oirup -o&riap04 P. -rffre -ore 'iere -€ire Sere -oirre

^ -ah-uffof -druHTOM -eiruffap -elruffap -oirwaav -ovtuhjo.p

iBFiir. .(Uv -Oi- -ieiv -etv -6(ip -ovv

162 APPENDIX.

ACTIVE YOlCE-corUinued.

Pres.—

1

ri;a-<£w. ipCk-iw. filffd-OU).

H M. -dcjc -OJV -iwv -uv -btav -wv

5 < F. -dovaa -wera -iovcxa -ovffa -bovffa -ovaa^ N. -doj' -OJJ/ -iov -ovv -6ov -ovv

Imperf- irlfi-aov. i<pl\-eov. iiuffdoov.

S. -aov -wv -eop -ovv -GOV -ovv

-aes as -ees -«y -oes -ovs

P- -ae -a -ee -et -oe -ov

D. -deroj' -atov -lerov -eirov -berov -oOtov

airrjp -drriv -einjv -elrriv -oirrjv -ourrjv

P. -dofiev -wfiev -ôfJLCV -oC/xev -6ofi.ev -ovfievt-t -dere -are êre -eire -dere -oDre

L -aov -oiv -COP -ovv -001' -ovv

PASSIVE AND MIDDLE VOICES.

Pres.—rt/t-dofiai. <pi\-ôfiai. fj.iffd-6ofJ.ai.

' S. -rfo/uot -Qfiai -ioflUL -ovfiai -oofiai -ovfjxii

-dT, -9 -ir] -p or -et -dy -01

w -derai -firat -êrai -eirot -Serai -ovrai> D. -aofiedav -dfjLedov -eofieOov -oifxeOov -oofieOov -ovfieOov

-deadov -aaOov -ieadov -etffOov -oeffOov -ovffdov

-deaOov -daOov -hffOov •et(j6ov -6eadov -ovffdov

g P. -ao/xeda -difieda -e6fie6a -o6fi.e0a -oofieOa -oifieda

deffde -affOe -ieffOe -eiade -oeffde -ovffde

-dovrai -uiin-ai -iovrai. -ovvrai. -oovrai -ovvrai

' S. -dufiai -wfxai -iufj.a.1. -wfiai -oufxai -£>fJMi

-dv -? -iv -V -oy -01

-drp-ai -firat -iyfrat -rjTai. -oTjTai -Qrai

D. -ad}fieOov -difiedov -eib/jLeOov -dbfxeOov -oibfieOov -difiedov

-drjcdov -aaOov -irjadov -ijffdov -orfffOov -Qffdov

-drjffdov -aaOov -irjaOov -ijffdov -o-qffdov -Qffdov

P. -awfjieOa -d}fj,€6a -edifj-eOa -wpieda -oilififda -ibfiedaQQ

-drjcrde -aade -^rjade -ijade -brjffde -Giffde

-dwvTai -Qvrai -iwvrai -Qvrai -ouvrai -Civrai

' S. -aoi/XTjv -(ffJ.7]V -eoi/xriv -olfiTjv ooifj.r]v -olfiTfv

-doio -1^0 -ioiO -010 -0010 -oto

-doLTO -1^0 -4otT0 -oIto -ooLTO -oItoC3> D. -aoifjLeOov -(jt/ieOov -eol/xeOov -ol/ieOov -ooifxeOov -oifxedov

§^ -doiffSov -i^ffOov -ioiaOov -otaOov -ooiffOov -oTaOov

g -aolaBrjV -{^cOr)v -eolffOrjv -olo6r]v -oolffd-qv -oiffOrjv

c P. -aoLfxeOa -<^/jL€0a -foi/jLeda -olfieda -oolfxeda -olfieOa

-doLaOe -i^crOe -ioiijOe -olaOe -6oiff0e -oTffde

-doiVTO -IpVTO -ioiVTC -OIVTO -6otvTo -otvTO

APrE>'DIX. 163

PASSIVE AND MIDDLE YOICES-contimted.

^

Pres.

—

Tifx-dofji.ai.

' S. -dov -Q

<p(.\-ôfjLai.

-iov -oD

IJuad-60/jiai.

-60V -OV

> -aicOu -dxrOw -€ia9(j} -eiff-du -oiffOu) -oiffGu)

in

< <D. -decBov -dadov -ieffdov -eiffdov -oeadov -OVO0OV

-aiffduiv -dffOwp -ei<rd(jjv -elcBojv -oiaOwv -o'uaduv

s P. -deaOe -dude -ieade -elaOe -oeade -ova6e

-aiadtjiaai -da6ui(Tav -tâducav eiadoxrav - o4(jd(ii<Tav-dv(Tdw<T(w

INFIK. -deadai -affOai -ieffdai -etadai -oeaOai -ovffdai

• I M. -aofievoi •dofievos -e6/x€Vos -oitievoi

-eofxivT) -ovfi&T]

-oofxevos -o6fi€voi

-OO/JL^m] -OVfldvT)

»< ( N. -aofievov -di/ievop -tofievop -ovfievov -06/j.evov -oificvov

Imperf.

—

irifi- aofirjv. i<f>i\-€6fir]P, ifU(rd-o6fii}p.

f -aofiijv

-dov

-djfJLT]V -eO/JLTjV -OVflTIV

-ioV -OV

-o6fjir]p -oi/jLTfr

-bov -OV

s' -aero -aro iero -eiro -oero -ovrn

Hz

-aofieOoP

•deadov

-tb/jLedop

-dffdov

-fofJ-eOop -oififOov

-ieixdov -eicOov

-oofieOov -oOfitOov

-oeadov -omdop-aiaBTjv

-aofieOa

-decrde

-dffd-rjv

•d'/ieSa

-affde

-ei(jdr)v -eUrOriv

-eofieda -ovfieda

-ieffOe -eTffde

-oâdrjv -ovcdrjp

o6neda -o6fieda

-offfde -ovcde

-aovTO WVTO •iorro -ovvto -60VTO -OVVTO

LISTS OF WORDS USED IN EACH EXERCISE.

I.

ifKvp-a, /., an anchor.

d5cX<^-iJ, y., a sister.

ayX-7}, /., a court, hall, palace.

âffiXei-a, /., a queen.

de^L-d, /., a right hand.,

6e-d, /., a goddess.

6r)K-7], /., a chest, boxdip-a,/., a door.

k6/)-7;, /., a girl, maiden, daughter.

Xat-c£, /., a left hand.

fidx-Vi /•! a battle.

fivl-a, f. , a fly.

Viificfi-Ti, f., a nymph; maiden.irapei-d, f., a cheek.

iriip-a, /., a bag, wallet, purse.

vp(^p-a, /., a prow, fore part of aship.

tthX-t}, /., a gate.

aeX-qv-t], /., the moon.<XKi]v--q, /., a tent, a hut, a cottage.

ffKL-d, f. , a shadow, a shade.

arpari-di /., an army.<T(poup-a, /., a ball.

cr(pei'd6i'-7j, /., a sling.

iiX-rj,/., a wood, a forest.

Xl^-'h) f-1 ^ hoof, a claw, a talon.

ip.-'f), fem. of adj., means my.ip, prep, governing dat., means in,

at, amongf on,

ffiv, prep, governing dat., meansalong with,

6, 7), r6, the. (See the Article,

Second Declension.)

n.6,Ka,vO-a, r)t,/., a thorn.

yXwTT-a, 1JS, /., a tongue.

Sea-TT&r-ris, ov, m., a master, lord,

owner [dominus).

56â, ?;s, /., glory.

\iaLV-a, 7]i, f. , a lioness.

p.d^-a., 97s, /., a cake.

"HLova-a., fis,/., the Muse.va^-rjs, ov, to., a sailor.

llipa--r]s, ov, TO., a Persian.

I14pff-7]s, ov, TO., Perses.

iroirjT-i^s, ov, to., a poet.

roXrT-ijy, ou, to., a citizen.

2K6d-7]9, ov, TO., a Scythian.

rpdwe^-a, rjs, f. , a table.

(3, an interjection, 0, joined to

vocatives.

in.SUBSTANTIVES.

dplyr-t)%, ov, to., a ploughman.Kin-r), T?s, /., hair.

pIk-7), t]S, /., victory.

v4d-ri, ijy, /., a fetter.

ADJEOnyES.

dyt-a, holy.

Sacrei-a, shaggy, bushy, dense.

eipei-a, broad, wide.

Kok-^, beautiful.

K€v-T^, empty.

KXew-i}, famous, celebrated, glorious.

Xet-a, smooth (to the touch}, level.

fiaKpd, long, large.

lUKp-d, small, littla

fi(j)p-6s, TO. (see Decl.II.) foolish, silly.

vi-a, new, fresh, recent

âvd--fi, yellow, golden, fair, anbum^rfp-d, dry, parched, withered.

iêi-a, sharp, keen, quick.

LISTS OF WORDS. 165

iroW--^, much, (in pi. manj.)

fft/xp--q, venerable, revered.

(TKX-rjfhd, dry, rough, stiff, harsh,

ffo^i}, wise, prudent.

Tpaxet-a, rough.

^avep-i, plain, clear, bright.

C^xp-i, pale, wan.

iffrl, 3<? sing., he, she, or it is.

eM, 3d pi., they are.

iffrdy, 3d dual, they two are.

IV.SUBSTASTITES.

d€T-6i, ov, m., an eagle.

SdKTv\-of, ov, m., a finger.

SeiTTV-ov, ov, n., a dinner, a supper.

5oOX-os, ov, m., a slave, a servant.

Swfhov, ov, n., a gift.

6e-6s. ov, m., a god, deity.

iTrir-oj, ov, tn. or/., a horse.

KTJv-os, ov, m., a garden.

fj.riK-ov, ov, n., an apple.

^vp-6v, ov, n., a razor.

n-Xo'c-ov, ov, n., a ship, boat<f>>jXX-ov, ov, n., a leaf,

tthiy, ov, n., an egg.

ADJECnVBB.

*coX-6y, TO. ; AcaX-'^, /. ; KoX-i»', n.,

beautifuL

\evK-6s, m.; Xevx-i}, /.; Xcu«c-6i', n.,

white.

fiiKp-6s, d, 6r, small.

V.SUBSTANTTVEa.

Ayp-6s, ov, m., a field, land.

d-yvi-d, as, /., a street, road, way.d5e\<p-6s, ov, m., a brother.

'A^^v-ai, Qv, f. pi., Athens.

atytip-os, ov, /., a poplar-tree.

&v0p(irjr-os, ov, m. \homo), man, man-kind ; a man.

|3a>^-6s, ov, TO., an altar.

yewpry-ds, ov, m., a farmer, husband-man.

yvdO-os, ov, /., a jaw, cheek.

Sd(pi^r], rjs, f., a bay-tree, laurel.

larp-hs, ov, m., physician, doctor.

tdipi-oi, ov, TO., master.

iJxrxrOi, ov, m., a calf.

va-6s, ov, TO., a temple.

63-6y, ov, f., a way, road.

oiKL-a, as, f., a house.

oXk-os, ov, to., a house.

ov-os, ov, m. or /., an ass.

6<t>daKn-6s, ov, TO., an eye.

<t)i)Kk-ov, ov, n., a leaf.

XcUt-t], ijs, /., a mane.

ADtTECnVES.

y\avK-6s, i}, 6f, grey, blue.

y\vK-vs, y\vKeT-a, y\vK-ii, sweet,

pleasant.

Sacr-ijs, Sa(Tei-a, Soff-i, thick

;

shaggy, bushy; rough, dense.

ilS-&s, rjSei-a, rjS-6, sweet, pleasant

lep-6s, d, 6v, sacred, holy.

K€v-6s, -q, 6v, empty.

Xet-oj, a, OP, smooth.

fuiKp-Ss, (£, 6r, long, large.

fj.a\aK-6s, -fj, 6v, soft.

trfiiri-os, a, ov, foolish, ignorant,

fJ7p-6s, d, 6v, dry, parched, withered.

iriffT-ds, 71, 6v, faithful.

atfiM-bt, ii, 6v, venerable, revered.

dvd, up, along, accus., gen., dat.

dvev, without, gen.

dirb, away from, gen.

Std, through, accus., gen,

CIS, into, accus.

€K, out of, gen.

IveKa, on account of, because of, gen.

Kai, and.

*caT(f, down, accus. and gen, (See

p. 34.)

VI.StJBSTANTIVES.

ak-dis, tfi, /., a thrashing-floor.

avdr/e-uv, w, n., an upper cham-ber.

KdX-(i3s, (>, TO., a cable, a rope.

KipK-os, ov, f., a tail, hare's scut.

*ce<^X-i;, Tfl, f., a head, source.

Xay-ihs, <t>, TO., a hare.

Xe-uij, &, TO., a people.

»e-(ii, (6, TO., a temple.

ovp-d, as, /., a tail.

Ta-tDy, w, TO., a peacock.

166 LISTS OF WORDS.

ADJECTIVES.

/3pax-i5j, «a, i5, short, little.

\a/xirp-6s, d, 6v, bright, brilliant.

iraXai-6s, d, 6v, old, ancient.

wK-iJS, eXa, 6, swift, fleet, rapid.

vn.BUBSTANTITES.

EXXt/v, tn., a Greek.

6i^p, m., a wild beast.

\eifjuiiv, m., a meadow.fi-qv, m., a month.

X^v, m. or /., a gander or goose.

VERBS.

5tti/c-w, I hunt, pursue, chase,

^-w, I have.

\elir-<j}, I leave.

VIII.SUBSTANTIVES.

&f>T-os, ov, m., bread; a loaf.

yij'ip, yvTr-6%, m., a vulture.

S/iti-s, 6 J, TO., a domestic servant.

^pci)-s, OS, TO., a hero, warrior, demi-god.

6d\aTT-a, r]s, /., the sea.

6il3-s, 6s, m., a jackal.

IX^O-s, OS, TO., a fish.

KX^TTT-rjs, ov, TO., a thief.

/cXcii/', K\ij}Tr-6s, TO., a thief.

K6pa^, K6paK-os, to., a raven, crow.

fidxai-p-a, as,/., a cutlass, sword.

fiVKTrjp, OS, TO., a nostril.

Ixvp/jLTj^, fjLjjp/xTjK-os, TO., an ant.

fivs, /JLv-ds, TO., a mouse.irripv^, irripvy-os, /., a wing.ffKvXa^, (TKtj\aK-os, m. or y., ayoung dog or whelp, a puppy.

au-s, (TV-OS, TO. or /., a pig, swine,

boar.

(p\^^, 0Xe/3-6s, /, a vein

«pd'p, OS, TO., a thief.

ADJECTIVES.

&ypi-os, a, OP, fierce, savage.

ifj.-6s, i), ov, my or mine.

}iavd-6s, i}, 6v, yellow, golden

;

aubuni, fair.

VK\t}p-6s, A, 6v, dry; rough; stiff;

harsh.

(TOiffds, -ti, 6v, wise, prudent.

rpax-'vs, eta, i, rough, rugged.

VEEB3.iffdl-w, I eat.

Kelp-w, I crop, cut, shave, shear.

rpuy-w, I eat, nibble.

IX.SUBSTANTIVES.

dT)S(ip, irjd6v-os, /., a nightingale.

'Adrjv-d, as, /., Athena (Miiierva).

d\d)7rr]^, dXdnreK-os, /., a fox.

dvrip, dvSp-6s, to., a man {vir).

avxv", avx^v-os, to., the neck.

yeirdip, -yurhv-os, to. or/., a neigh-

bour.

iTTiffToX-'^, rjs,/., a letter, epistle.

kIwv, kIov-os, to., a pillar.

k{iu)v, kvv-6s, to. or/., a dog.

XtyLt^v, Xifiiv-os, TO., a harbour,

port.

fi-qT7]p, fjLrp-p-6s, /., a mother.ots, ol-6s, TO. or /., a sheep.

irariip, irarp-bs, to., a father.

voifirji', TToifiiv-os, TO., a shepherd.

f)d^d-os, ov, /., a rod, wand.Tpirip-7)s, Tpi-f)pe-os, /., a trireme.

ipi\-os, ov, TO., a friend.

(puv-ri, rjs,/., a voice, sound.

XeXi5(i)v, xfXtSoj'-os, /., a swallow.

X«i»', X''OP-os, /., snow.

ADJECTIVES.

dX7)6--^s, ^s, is, (see p. 47,) true.

TToXXol, nam. ^L, (see p. 46), many.

VERBS.

ypd<f>-w, I write.

Oavfid^-ti}, I admire, wonder at.

veld-ia, I persuade.

piiTT-u, I throw, hurl.

X.SUBSTANTIVES.

AyaXfia, ros, n., an image, statue.

dpfia, Tos, n., a chariot, car.

6.px<^v, &PX0VT-0S, TO., a ruler, comraander.

/3^/ia, TOS, n., a step;

judgment-seat-

LISTS OF WORDS. 167

yd\a,* yd\aKT-os, n., milk.

yip<jxv, yipovT-oi, m., an old man.

y^t T^J> /•> the earth ; a country;

a land.

KvfjLCL, Tos, n., a swell of the sea,

wave.

X^ciw, X^otT-os, m., a lion.

/ttAi, fifKiT-os, n., honey.

fiiKiTT-a, T/s, /., a bee.

Sfvo(l>u>p, m., Xenophon.Tora/* 6j, ov, m., a river.

awfia, ros, n., a body, a corpse.

inrrip^T-ris, ov, m., a servant, attend-

ant.ADJECTIVES.

6pdi-os, a, ov, steep.

ro\-is, iro\X-i), vo\-v, much. In

pi. many. (See p. 46.)

VERBS.

/9\^7r-«, I see ; I look upon.

neXeij-w, I bid, order, command,desire.

XI.SUBSTANTIVES.

&va^, SivaKT-os, m., a prince, king.6.VTp-ov, ov, n., a cave.

dffiris, dffirid-os, /., a shield.

yiyai, ylyavr-os, m., a giant56/Li-oy, ou, m., a building, a house.KXeis, AcXei5-6j, /., a key.

Kopvs, Kopvd-os, /., a helmet.

Kp'T-T)^, ov, m., a judge.

Xafiirds, \a/JLird5-0i, f., a torch.

X^^Tjj, Xi^-ijT-os, m., a caldron;ewer.

65o(5j, oSovT-oi, m., a tooth.

oXjcds, 6Xa:(£5-oj, /., a ship of bur-den ; a mercliant-man.

6pvis, 6pvid-os, TO. or /., a bird,

fowl, hen.

Tah, TTtttSoj, m. or /., a child;boy; girl.

TapdSew-oj, ov, to., a park; plea-

sure-grounds.

^f, {nv-oi, /., a nostril. In pL thenose.

rli, ris, tI, interrog. pron., who?which ? what ?

Tts, Ti'j, t/, indef. pron., some one,

any one, a certain.

Tpl^wv, OS, TO., a (coarse or thread

bare) cloak.

xXa/iH/i, xXap.iS-os,/., a mantle.

VERBS.

paif-u, I go.

^;', he was, or I was.

^ffcw, they were.

X^-w, I say.

v\4k-w, I {)lait, twine.

rX^-w, I sail.

Tf^TTT-w, I strike, hit.

ADJECTIVES.

fU\ai, {gen. /tA(u»-o$), fiiXaiva, fii-

Xav, black.

rds, tSLjo, rap, all, every. (Se«

xas, p. 45.)

irapd, prep., beside. (See p. 34.)

T(H>, interror/. adv., where ?

TC, conj., and. t^—Kcd, both—aci

XII..SL'IBTAXTIVES.

aTfia, oXfiaT-os, n., blood-

iar-v, eos, n., a city.

5wa/i-is, ewj, /., power, force.

Kopv<b--ii, rti, /., a top, summit.

Ko'xXl-a.s, ov, nu, a snail.

fj.dtn--K, ews, to., a prophet, seer.

flip-OS, eos, n., a part, share.

^l<p-os, eos, n., a sword.

5po<p-os, ov, m. a roof.

6p-os, eos, n., a mountain.

60-is, ews, TO., a serpent, snake.

8xX-os, ov, TO., a crowd ; the popu-lace.

viKeK-vs, eus, to., an axe, hatchet.

iroX-tj, eiits. /., a city, state.

TToryaw, irilrytap-os, to., a beard.

ffo<puTT--fis, ov, TO., a learned man,teacher, sophist.

• As every genuine Greek word ends either in a vowel or in v, p, s, tlie kt in

which the stem of tixia word terminates must be left off, and so -yaAoucT is reduced toycUa.

168 LISTS OF WORDS.

(yrT)9-os, eos, re., the breast, chest.

recx-os, COS, n., a wall.

vios, oO, m., a son.

ADJECTIVES.

/Sa/o-i^j, eta, V, lieavy.

Seiv-6i, ii, bv, dreadful, mighty.

5rjK-os, 7], ov, evident, plain, vi>iblu.

6^-vs, eTa, i, sharp, swift.

SiSdcTK-w, I teach.

?/)7r-w, I creep.

p^ci), 1 flow.

tpe'jy-u, I flee, run away.

XIII.SUBSTANTIVES.

/SacrtX-eiJs, ^ws, m., a king.

/3o0s, ^0 OS, VI. or/., an ox or cow.

y€(pvp-a, ay, /., a bridge.

yoi>-evs, ^wy, in. ory., a parent.

ypavs, ypaos,/., an old woman.5opK-ds, ddos,/., a gazelle.

?i9-oy, eos, w., habit, custom.

OuyaTTjp, dvyarp-os, /., a daughter.

lepevi, ôjs, m., a priest.

'nrir-evs, ews, ?«., a horseman, /jj^j?.

cavalry.

K^pas, Kipar-os, n., a horn.

Kovp-€vs, iijjs, m., a barber.

caOs, i'e(i>s, /., a ship.

vofx-evs, iois, m., a shepherd.

(TTparrjy-os, ov, m., a general, coip-

maiider.

arpaTuir ris, ov, m. , a soldier.

ADJECTIVES, ETft

e{rp-6s, eta, i), broad, wide.

Hiy-as, fuyaX-rj, fiiy-a, great; p. 46.

tI, why.

VERIiS.

/SaS/f-w, I stalk, walk in a stately

manner.

<f)v\d.TT-w (or -(Tffw), I guard,

^^-w, I run.

XIV.SUItSTA NTIVE3.

»f\<r-os, eos, ?i., a grove.

6,vd-os, eos, n., a flower.

adO-os, eos, n., a depth, a glen.

(SA-os, eos, n., a javelin, dart, weopoaveavl-as, ov, m., a young man.liirX-ov, ov, n., a weapon; 2Ji- arniii.

iraidi-ov, ov, n., an infant.

TreSl-ov, ov, n., a plain.

Tref-ot, u)v, VI., infantry.

rd^-is, ews, /., line (of troops).

Xeiy^'-os, eos, re., a lip.

Xopr-os, ov, m., an enclosure, a

garden.

ADJECTIVES.

KaK-6s, )}, 6v, bad, wicked, worth-

less. (See p. 50.)

Ss, }}, 5, who, which, that.

iroirqpos, a, 6v, wicked.

vxffTjX-os, f], ov, lofty, high.

Xpw-eos, ea, eoc, golden.

uxp-6s, d, ov, pale, wan.

VERIJS.

eiipicTK-oj, I find.

Karaâiv-w, I descend.

XV.SUBSTANTIVES,

dpKT-os, OV, m. or/., a bear.

yipav-os, ov, m., a crane.

yvv-q, gen. yvvaiK-os, / a woinan, wife.

'Iv5-6s, ov, m., an Indian.

KCp-os, ov, m., Cyrus.

Kihp.-r], 57s,/., a village.

olv-os, ov, VI., wine.

opTV^, 5pTvy-os, VI., a quail.

ffToX-Ti, •?}$, /., a robe.

virv-os, ov, m., sleep.

(t>rifi-7], TjS, /., a rumour, report.

ADJECTIVES.

dfMd--qs, ijs, h, unlearned, ignorant.

âd-ius, ela, 6, deep.

SetXos, 1}, iv, cowardly; wretched,

miserable.

6ap(T-tJS, eto, i5, bold, courageous.

Kov<p-os, 7), ov, light.

XdX-os, OS, ov, talkative.

TTorep OS, a, ov, whether of the twapq.5i.-os, a, ov, easy.

arevos, i), ov, narrow.

tXtj/x-uv, wv, ov, patient; suflTering;

wretched.

Xapl-eis, ecraa, ev, beautiful, gracefuL

LISTS OF WOfiDS. 169

^p-u, I carry.

PREPOSITIONS.

Sid, through, gen. (sometimes acctis.)

rpos, towards (with accus.) See

Vocabulary.

XVI.SUBSTAXTITES.

ypdfifia, ypdfifjLar-os, n., a letter.

tr-os, COS, rj., a year.

rinip-a, as, /., a day.

\id-os, ov, m., a stone.

\6ry-os, ov, m., a word; speech; reason.

fiadrjT-^s, ov, m., a disciple.

ftv0-os, ov, m., a word.

rpia^-vt, uos, or ewj, m., an old

man ; an ambassador.

<ni<f>aj'-os, ov, m., a wreath, crown.

Xîp, X^'P""J> /• ! the hand.

Xpvff-6s, ov, m., gold.

ADJECTIVES.

dya$-6s, /), ov, good. (See p. 50.)

'EXXijyix-os, i), ov, Greek.

Ktxxf>-6s, % 6v, deaf.

0iXt-os, a, ov, friendly.

^X-os, 77, 01", friendly, beloved.

VERBS.

Mkv-w, I bite.

KpiiTT-fi), I conceal.

xifj.ir-ui, I send.

tX^'/c-w, I plait, twine.

riTpuaK-o}, I wound.

xvn.SUBSTANTIVES.

SSvcL^, 56vaK-os, m., a reed.

Ao0-oy, ov, OT. or/., a deer.

Odvar-os, ov, m., death.

l5nroAc6/x-oy, oy, m., a groom.KpiO-Ti, fj's, /., barley.

Ki/pi-os, ov, TO., the Lord.

Kv^pvTfr-Tii, ov, TO., a pilot, steers-

man.IT/|, wKT-6t, /., night ; Wicr^j, by

nif^ht.

raiSi-ov, ov, n., a child, infant.

ffoipla, av, /., wisdom, prudence;ieamin°:.

Tp<x(y-bs, ov, /., a nurse.

^p6vri<T-is, eus,/; wisdom, prudenoe

iel {adv.}, always.

vir6, prep., under, by.

VERBS.

dKo6-u, I hear.

âffiXed-u, I act sue king, reiga,

rule.

/3ouXei5-w, I consult, take counsel,

deliberate, advise.

id^-u, I wish.

^yjri-o), I seek.

dripeihW, I huntImreihU, I ride.

KoXi-w, I call, call on, invoke.

\\j-tx), I loose, unyoke, let go, set

free.

d-rrd'Ui, I roast

iruTTev-ia, I believe.

7rw\4-u, I sell, barter.

XV 111.

Same as preceding.

XIX.SUBSTANTIVES.

î^Xiov, OV, n., a book.

yiv-os, fos, n., race, origin, family.

Kpu-os, COS, n., cold.

VERBS.

KT€vl^-w, I comb.

irriyw-fu, F. Tijfw, I fasten, stiffen.

rp4<t>-(o, I nourish, support.

rpL^-u, I rub.

XX.SUBSTANTIVES.

drip, dip-<K, m., the air.

âKTTjpl-a, as,/., a stick, cudgel.

XvK-os, OV, TO., a wolf.

To\ifu-os, ov, TO., an enemy.ir6Xe/x-oj, ov, to., war.

vdup, ibdar-os, tu, water.

<pv\aK-ri, Tjs, /., guard, prison.

fj.ed' for /itrd, prep., among, witli

5X-0S, yj, ov, adj.. whole, entire.

ydp, coiij., for, because.

ijSri, adv., already, now.

170 LISTS OF "WORDS.

VERBS.

A'jroKTelp-of, I kill, slay.

/SdXX-w, 1 throw, cast, hit.

xXiirT-u, I steal.

kXIv-u, 1 bend;

(of the sun,) to set.

fiiv-bi, I remain, stay.

(TtAX-w, I send, equip.

rifiv-u}, I cut.

t/XX-w, I pluck, pull out.

pa.lv (a, I show, point out.

XXI.SUBSTANTIVES.

&/xa^-a, Tjs,/., a waggon.dper-T^, T]i, /., virtue, merit.

'Apra^^p^-Tjs, ov, m., Artaxerxes.

apx-'f), VS, y., government, province.

pdpâp OS, ov, m., a barbarian.

5t5d(rKaX-os, ov, m. or /., a teacher.

KvireKk-ov, ov, n., a cup.

X67-0S, ov, VI., a word ; book, trea-

tise.

olKi-a, as, /., a house.

p-ryrwp, pTjTop-os, m., an orator.

iiiroîryi-ov, ov, n., a beast of burden.

ADJECTIVES.

alaxp-is, d, 6v, base, worthless.

&î-os, a, ov, worthy, deserving.

dpyijpe-os (oCs), a, ov, made of sil-

ver ; silver.

&pi(TT-os, T], ov, best.

^fiTrpocrdfv, culv., formerly; vêd

adjcctively, former.

vir6, prep., by. (See Vocabulary.)

VERBS.

alpi-U3, I take, choose, catch.

Srj\6-u}, I make plain, detail.

iXaijv u), I drive, ride.

Kal-w, I set on fire, burn.

Trai5etj-o}, I teach, educate.

iropev-ofiai, I go, journey, advance.

ri/xd-u, 1 honour.

<pi\^-w, I love.

XXII.SUaSTANTlVES.

tf77cX-os, ov, m., a messenger.

Aapel-os, ov, m., Dariuij.

e\ev9epl-a, as,/., freedom, liberty.

i^&raa-is, eujs,/., a review; iroieiaiîu

i^^raaiv, to review.

ipy-ov, ov, «., a work, action.

Kao-TwX-6s, ov, m., Castolus.

irarpis, irarpld-os, /., native country.

(7arpdir-7]s, ov, m., a satrap, or Per-

sian governor.

araOiibs, ov, m., a halting-place, a

stage.

ffurrripi-a, as, /., safety.

Ti/j.-'/i, 7js,f., honour,

ADJECTIVES.

fiia-os, 77, ov, middle.

ficr-os, T), ov, how much, how great.

VERBS.

dOpoi^-w, I collect, assemble.

dTro5dKvv-fu,, I set forth, exhibit,

declare.

diroKpiv-ofxat, I reply.

dwoirip-TT-w, I send away, despatch.

/3o!/X-o/xa(, 1 wish.

yev-o/xai, I taste, (with gen.)

iâiri-ofiai, 1 beg off (for myself.)

fidx-o/xai, I fight.

fxeTavifiir-ofiai, I send for (to my-self.)

TToU-ii}, I make ; I do.

aTpaTiv-op.ai, I take the field, go on

a military expedition.

avWapL^dv-o), I seize, apprehend.

TaTT-u {rdaff-w], F. rdfw, I mar-

shal, arrange.

yjyrj [impers. verb), it is necessary.

dvSpelois, manfully, bravely.

iTTifieXws, carefully.

irepi, around, about. (See Vocabu-

lary.)

irpb, before, for.

XXIII.SUBSTANTIVES.

fyx-os, 60$, n., a spear.

rjbov-ii, ijs,/-, pleasure.

dr}pl-ov, ov, n., a wild beast.

fX''-os, €os, n., a track, trace, foot

jirint.

KXiapx-os, ov, m., Clearchus.

LISTS OF WORDS. 171

\v5l-a, as,/., Lydia.

K&r-T], -iji, /., grief.

uiK OS, eos, «., a limb, member.Mfvuiv, OS, m., Menon.(i^p OS, eos, n., a part, share.

Xjy OS, ov,f., Nineveh.

Top9/j.-€fjs, ^<i)s, m., a ferryman,

boatman.

ffdx-os, eos, n., a shield.

î'7-dj, (puydS-os, m. ory., an exile.

ADJECTIVES.

^pax-^s, eXa, i5, short.

Seî'Ss, d, 6v, the right hand;favourable, fortunate.

evb)vvfi-os, OS, ov, the left, lucky.

Xot7r-6s, ri, 6v, remaining ; the rest.

<r<li<f>p-(i)v, (i)v, ov, self-controlling;

wise, prudent.

Sre, mr,j., when.

iroWciKis, adv., often.

(liairep, as, as if.

TTEUBS.

avaôLiv &j, I go up, ascend.

o-Trex OjUat, I keep myself from, re-

train.

dvodirfi<TK-(i>, I die.

&Tr6X\v-fjLi, I perish, I die.

diro0ei>y-w, I flee away, retreat.

yvj-wd^-w, I exercise.

^\aiv-(a, I ride forth, march for-

ward.

ifî-ofiai,, I lead the way, guide.

W-w, I sacrifice.

KaraTrijSd-w, I leap down.Keifi-ai, I lie.

reid-u), I persuade.

rlirr-o}, I fall.

tIkt-u), I beget, produce.

rpix-<î i run-

XXIV.SCRSTANTIVES.

yaO-d, Q», neut. pi., goods, blessings.

9\-ov, ov, n., a prize of a contest,

a reward.

|J^X'^'') &px°'^-o^) "*., a ruler.

•jfpdfifjM, ypdfjL/âT-os, n., a letter;

jil. an inscription.

(128) 13

dap€iK-6s, ov, TO., a daric (a Persian

coin).

K6ff/i-os, ov, m., the world.

\vKovpy-os, ov, m., Lycurgus.

fiwd-6s, ov, m., pay, wages.

veKp-6s, ov, m., dk dead body, corpse.

v6n-os, oy, TO., a law.

irvp, irvp-6s, n., fire.

(TTT^X-r], 7IS, /., a pillar, a tombstone.

Tp6irai-ou, ov, n., a trophy.

4.DJECTIVE3.

?KaffT-os, 7], ov, each, every.

Qrjâu-os, a, ov, Theban.

fivpi-oi, ot, o, ten thousand ; a very

great number.

6<ms, yJTis, Sri, whoever, which-

ever ; who, what.

xCS.i-01, at, o, a thousand.

VEHBS.

dvaSidta-pu, I give forth, yield, send

up,

aTodidu-pn, I give back, return

pay.

dipicTTTi-fu, I revolt.

diSu-fii, I give, grant.

id-ca, I allow, permit.

elirov (2 aor. of <f>rifiCj, I said.

iicrldji-iu, I expose.

^êcTT-iv, impera., it is lawful ; it is

permitted.

evTvxi-d}, I am fortunate.

tarrj-px, 1 cause to stand, I erect.

Kara.Tl0ri'pj., I put down, I pay.

Kivi-to, I move.

Tidrj-fu, I place ; t19ti/u vd/i^v, I

make a law.

<paXv-<i), I show ; mid. and pass., I

appear.

6ti, c<mj., that.

pdXurra, adv., very much; especi-

ally.

XXV.SUBSTANTITE3.

ÂpiaTiTT-os, OV, TO., Aristippns.

ôvk6\-os, ov, TO., a cowherd, herds-

man.Sd<pp-r}, rjs, /., a bay-tree, laurel.

172 LISTS OF wonus.

Ad(J3i'is, Ad(p;>id-oi, m., Daphnis.

ol {i.e., oZ), to him. (See p. 54.)

6vofj.a, 6v6fj.aT-0!, n., a name.nXdrcov, OS, m., Plato.

IIuâ76p-as, a, m., Pythagoras,

pd/c-os, cos, n., a rag; a coarse or

rajiaêri garment.

aTTovS-i^, Tjs, /., haste, eagerness.

Ti.aaa(pipv--qs, ov, m., Tissapherncs.

<f>dpiiaK-ov, ov, ??., a drug, medicine.

xXa/xys, -xkanv^-oi, /., a mantle,

cloak.

ADJKCT1VE8.

larpiK'^ [scil. r^x"'")))/^'"^- of larpiKii,

the healing art, medicine, surgery.

/c(£X\t<rr-o5, tj, ov [superl. of /co\6s),

most beautiful, or excellent.

(iTjdeii, p.i]8e/j,la, /xtiS^v (.see eh, p-

53), no one, none.

/j,6v OS, 7], ov, only, alone.

xoT-6s, -q, 6v, drinkable j rori^v

(pdpfiaKov, a potion.

XpT/tctfiL-os, Tj, ov, usefiU.

VERBS.

d.\rjdetl-(^, I am truthful, I speak

truth.

iî6-cif, I deem myself worthy ; 1

demand.

dpX-w, I rule, govern.

eiiepjeTi-w, I benefit, show kindness

to.

Kadl(TTrj-m, I establish ; mid. I take

up my position, post myself.

K€pawv-/j,i, I mix.

Xafipdv-d) (2 aor. Oâpov), I take,

receive.

tIkt-w (1 aor. pass. irixOflv), I pro-

duce, bring forth, bear.

<j)opi-(i), I carry, wear.

6.V, adv., perchance, if. (See Qteek

Vocabulary.)

ei5, ado., well, becomingly.

fj.d.XKov, adv., more, rather.

69ev, adv., whence.

xff^, adv., thej).

GREEK YOCABULARY.

m. fvtandg for Masculine,/, for Feminine, and n. for Nenter. Proper names begin

with capiUU. In Verbs, f. stands for Fotore, r. for Perfect

iyaO-Ss, -fi, bv, good; brave; noble;

wise, &c. : t6 a.ya.Bbv, advautage,

a blessing : rd a/yadi, goods,

wealth. (For Comparatives andSuperlatives, see p. 50.)

iyaXna, irfiXfi.a.T-oi, n., delight

;

honour;gift ; statue

;picture.

i.faXp.aTOTroi.-bs, is, by, makingstatues: as a siihst. m., a statuary.

4701', adv., very, very much.iryavaKT-id), F. ^ffui, to feel violent

irritation ; to be vexed ; to be

angry, &:e. Governs dative, andsometimes accusative, or is fol-

lowed by a preposition and case.

From 570*, and perhaps iyu(which see) ; or dxôj (grief, dis-

tress).

iyyeXia, as, /., a message ; news;

command.dT-yeX-os, ov, m. ory., a messenger,

bearer of tidings.

07-7A-Xw, F. d77eX-w, to announce,

proclaim. (See Liquid Verba.)

dyeu-ri^ (or i'Yeyvri^],ris, ii, low-born,

ignoble ; low-minded, mean : from

d, not, and y^vos, race, descent.

Sryi-oi, a, ov (Lat. sacer), devoted

(to the gods), sacred, holy; also

accursed.

(LyKvp-a, OS, / (Lat. ancSra), ananchor.

i/yvo-iu, F. Tjaw, to be ignorant of,

not to observe.

dyopd^-u, F. dyopdffu, to attend

market ; to buy.

Aypi-os, a, ov, wild, savage, fierce.

iyp-bs, ov, m. (Lat. ager), a field,

land, the country (opposed to the

town).

iyvi-d, as, /., a way, street, rosd;

from dyw. In pi., a town.

dyvpT-Tjs, ov, m. (from dytlpv), a

gatherer, beggar ; mountebank,quack, cheat.

d7xw, F. dyû (Lat. ango), to press

tight; hence, to throttle, strangle.

dyu, F. dû, p. ô, 2 aor. (redu-

plicated), Ijyarfov, with inf. dya-

yelv, to lead, take with one,

carry, take away, drive ; consider

(like duccii ; spend (as time, life,

&c.)

dyuvidu, F. dau, to strive eagerly

;

to be distressed ; to be anxious.

dytoviôtioL, F. dydtviffofjuu (Attic,

dyuivioij/uu) , to contend for a

prize, to struggle, to fight.

dSeXtfy-'fi, tJj, /., a sister.

d5eX^-6s, oi), m., a brother ; a near

relative.

98-7;$, ov, m., Hades, Pluto, the lower

world ; the grave, death. Thederivation from d, not, and ISeTv,

to see, is doubtful.

dSiK-iu), P. -û, to be diucot, to

do wrong, to violate the laws ; to

injure, to do wrong to.

174 GREEK VOCABULARY.

dSiK-os, oj, ov (d, not, and SLkt],

justice), unrighteous, unjust.

i86Kifj.-os, OS, ov, unproved ; disre-

putable ; ignoble, mean.

dSokicrX'V^) o") ^^- i'^^ d56Xeffx-os,

OJ, ov), a prating fellow, a

babbler.

dSi)vdr-os, OJ, ov, [active], unable to

do (a thing), powerless; [passive),

impossible.

q!S-w, F. (^(XO), or (fcrofxai (contracted

for deiSw, which is principally

poetic in use), to sing, to chant ; to

praise.

ael, adv., always, ever, for ever.

deT-6j, oO, m., an eagle.

driSuv, a.T]S6v-oi, /., a songstress;

the nightingale.

d,9&vdCal-a, aj, /., immortality.

'A6t]v-3,, as, f., Athena [Minerva).

'AOjjp-ai., Cov, f. pi., Athens.

'AOijval-oi, wv, m. pi., the Athenians

;

sing. 'A0T]va7os.

&d\t,-os, a, ov, or d^Xtoj, oj, ov,

toilsome, painful ; wretched, mis-

erable.

dOXov (for S,€d\ov), ov, n., the prize

of a contest ; a reward, gift, &c.

d.6pol^-(o, F. ddpolau, to collect,

assemble.

dQpb-os, a, ov (rarely ddpdos, oj, oj'),

crowded together, set thick, nu-

merous.

AlaK-6s, ov, .iEacus (one of the

judges in Hades).

atyeLp-Qs, ov, /., the black poplar.

AiyvTrr-os, ov,/., Egypt.

A'iSuv-evs, ôs, m., Pluto. (See

4'57;s.)

a.lu.a, a'i/jMT-os, n., blood.

al^, aly6s, m. or /., a goat.

aipeT-6s, -f), 6v, desirable, eligible.

aip4-ii), F. aiprjcru, r. fpriKa, 2 aor.

(from root, '^\u}),€l\ov, inf. iXeiv,

I take with the hand, receive,

catch, win, conquer ; understand,

detect, convict ; mid. alpionai, to

take to one's self, choose, prefer.

aXp-u, F. ipw, 1 aor. Jjpa, v. ^pKa,

to raise, lift up ; carry, bear

;

exalt; take away: and in mid.

to lift or take for one's self, or

what is one's own ; to gain.

alffx-pis, d, 6v, or ai<rx-pis, p6i,

p6v, ugly, ill-looking; hence, dis-

graceful, base, immoral. Coin-

parative and superlative, ahx'^'i^'')

at<rx-i-<^To$.

alffxvv-io, F. aio'xvvio, p. ycxvyKa,to disfigure, dishonour

;^âs*.

alax^voiiai, to be ashamed of, to

blush.

alrû, F. alTT^ffw, to ask, beg, re-

quest, &c.

alri-a, as, /., a cause, reason, occa-

sion ; fault, charge.

airid- fiat, alTidcofiai., deponent

mid., to allege as the cause ;

hence, to blame, charge, find

fault with.

alnaT-iov, verb adj., one must, or

ought to accuse.

atri-os, a, ov (rarely afrt-oj, oj, ov),

causing, or giving cause for blame

;

culpable, blamable : as subst., anauthor.

al<pvlSi-os, OS, ov, sudden, unexpect-

ed. Neuter used as an adverb.

dnavO-a, rjs, /., a thorn, prickle;

thorny shrub.

dKi<TTp-a, as,f-, a needle.

ddv-qT-os, OS, OV, also oj, -q, ov, un-

moved, immovable, motionless,

steady ; idle, sluggish.

dKna'L-QS, a, ov, in full bloom, in

the flower of youth ; vigorous.

dKo\ov6i-(i3, to follow or go with a

ptTson, accompany.dK6vTi.-ov, ov, n. (diminutive from

&,Kwv), a dart, javelin.

dKO'uai.-os, ov, unwilling, forced.

dKoi-ij}, V. dKovcrofiai [dK0>j<TCi), late),

1'. uKTiKoa, v. j;ass. ilnovcr/xai, to

hear, listen to, obey. Governsusually the accusative of the

thing heard, and the genitive of

the person from whom heard

;

but see Liddell and ScotCs Greek

Lexicon.

dKpIpQs, adv., exactly, thoroughly,

strictly; from adj. dKpi§-fis,

exact, &c.

GREEK TOCABtJLAEY. 175

iKvfi.avT-os. OS, ov, waveless, calm.

a.K-wv, &Koi'(ja, dKOV (contracted for

d^Kdiv), unwilling, against one's

will.

£\aX-oi, OS, OP, speechless, dnmb;(from d, not, and XdXos. talkative.]

i\y-4ci), T^ffdi, to be pained in bodyor mind ; hence, to be sick, to

grieve, to be sorry for.

aXeicrpv-div, 6vos, m., a cock; some-timei/., a hen.

' Wi^cwSp-oi, ov, m., Alexander;applied to Paris, son of Priam.

dXrjOfi-u, cru, to speak troth ; fromthe fiiUowing.

dXTj^-Tjs, i)s, 4s (from d, not, andXaêr*", to lie hid), unconcealed,

open ; true, candid, genuine.

aXriOwi, adv., truly, in truth, &c.

'AXKijoT-ts, tSos, /., Alcestis, daugh-

ter of Pelias, and wife of Adme-tus.

AXxt^tdS-rjs, ov, m., Alcibiades, a

famous Athenian.

'A\Kfi^v-7}, •!)%, f; Alcmena, motherof Hercules.

dXX', for dXXd.

dXK6., conj., but, but then, nay.

aWd. ydp (enimvero), but really,

however : this combination im-plies an ellipsis, as explained in

the notes.

oWdTT-u, or iXkd(T<r-u, f. dXXdf-w,p. ^fXXaxtt, to make other than it

is, to change, alter ; to exchange.

dXX'^Xwi', gen. pi. (see p. 56], of

: one another, mutually, recipro-^ cally.

dXX-o$, 17, (Lat. cdius), another,

other ; dXXot, others ; but ol

£Xkoi, the rest.

dXX6Tpi-o$, a, ov (Lat. alientis), be-

longing to another, foreign,

strange ; inconsistent irith, un-suitable to.

dXXws, adv., in another way, other-

wise ; heedlessly, at random ; in

vain : from SXXos ; dXXwj re xal,

especially.

IXa-<K, eoi. n^ a grove, lawn, wood.iXuvq^, dXiixe/c-os, /., a fox.

dXws, gen. dXw, or fiXwos, /., a

threshing-floor.

&fia, adv., together, at the sametime.

d/Mi5-i}s, i}s, h, unlearned, ignorant;

stupid.

a/xafrrdv-u, F. ifiapr-ôpuii, to miss

the mark, fail;go wrong, sin,

mistake, ofiFend.

dft^\vd)TT-w, or dfi^vweff-ot, ifi^Xvw^tj}, to be dim-sighted, to be

purblind ; to want power of dis-

crimination.

dfi^pocl-a, OS, /., ambrosia, the food

of the gods.

ifielû, F. dfielû, to exchange,

change ; mid. to give in return,

to recompense, to answer.

ifieiv-uv, (i/v, ov, gen. -ovos, better

;

comp. of d7o^6j, for which see

p. 50.

i/x.e\-4u, -f/ffa, to be careless, to

neglect.

'Afwcu-os, a, or, f., Aminean : as agubgt. /., "a cask of Amineanwine." Both Aminea in Cam-pania and Aminaeum in Thes-

saly were famed for wine.

dfjiv-6s, ov (the oblique cases are

generally borrowed, being dpvos,

dpvl, dpva, &c.], TO. or/., a lamb.

dfiop<f>-os, OS, or, misshapen, ugly,

unseemly.

dfivv-u, F. dfivv-u, to ward oflP, de-

fend ; to help : mid. to defend or

avenge one's self.

ifupl, prep., with accusative, geni-

tive, and dative, on both sides,

around, about ; concerning;—used

sometimes as an adverb, all round.

'Kft(f)iTplT-ij, rjs, f; daughter of

Is'ereus and wife of Poseidon{Neptuni\.

dn4>&rep-os, a, ov, both, (seldom

used in singular.)

ifi<f>-<i}, gen. and dat. dfupoiv, both,

both parties (whether individuals

or aggregates). (Lat. ambo.)

ip, adv., perchance, haply, &c. It

cannot be easily translated byone word, but always implies a

condition, and so refers to a verbeither expressed or understood.

It never begins a sentence. (See

Grammar, and Liddell and ScoWsOreeh Lexicon.)

dvd, prep., with accusative, genitive,

and dative, up, upon

—

opposed to

KCLTd. Its meaning varies withthe case governed by it.

divafialv-w, F. dva^^ffofiai, to go up,

ascend, climb; to embark.ivaî-Sui, -dcofiai, aor. dye^luv,

inf. dvaîuivai, to come to life

again, revive.

ivayxcu-os, a, ov, also oj, 09, av, byforce, using force ; necessary : ol

ivayKoioi, relatives. (Lat. neces-

sarii.)

ivdyw, F. dvdû, to lead up; to

bring up (from the dead), to raise;

to bring back, to withdraw.

&vadi5ii)f/,i,, F. dPaSibau), to give up,

give forth or yield; to distribute;

give back.

dvaS6vw, to come out of, emerge.

dvadijofjMi,, F. dvadifffOfiat, 2 aor.

act. dvi^vv, to come up, rise,

emerge (as from beneath a sur-

face), to ascend ; to embark.dvaiixurl, adv., without shedding

blood, bloodless.

dvaipioi), F. dvaip-f}<r()}, p. dv-gp-qKa,

2 aor. dvuKov, to take up or away,

to overturn ; destroy, kill : mid.

to gain ; i.e., to procure for one's

self.

dvoLKaioj, F. dvaKa^crca, to kindle,

light up.

dvaKbiTTii}, F. dvaK6\//03, to beat back,

repulse ; stop ; cut off.

dvoKafi^dvw, f. dvdK-{)ipoiiai., to take

up ; receive ; resume.

dvaiufj.irf)(TK(i), F. dvafiv^cru}, to re-

mind one of a thing, to recall to

memory, to remember; to suggest;

admonish.

Aj'ttJ, dvaicT-os, »i., a lord, master;

prince, king.

Apaâydpas, ov, m., Anaxagoras,a philosopher of Clazomenae in

Ionia.

dvaîoiraB-lij}, -i]ffv, to suffer un-deservedly

; to be indignant : fromdvd^Los, unworthy, and ivadov.

dvaireid-w, F. dvairelcro}, to bringover to a different opinion, to per-

suade ; to incite to.

dvaTrX^w, F. dpaTr\eijffop.ai, or dva-

ir\evcrodp.ai, to sail upwards or

up the stream; to sail back again.

dpdTrXe-us, us, up, gen., avdirXed)

(see p. 22), full to the brim, full.

dpairviu), F. dvairveiao), to breathe

again ; take breath, breathe, re-

spire.

dpapxi-a, as, /., want of govern-

ment ; lawlessness, anarchy.

dpa(TTpi<p(i}, F. dpaarpi^po), p. dpi-

(TTpocpa, to turn upside down ; to

turn back, turn round, return.

dpo-reiv-u, F. dparevd, to stretch or

lift up, raise, hold forth.

dvax<^p-iu, 7)cru), to retreat, retire,

return to.

dpSpdwoS-ov, ov, n., a slave (cap

tive in war) ; from AvSpa diro56-

adoLi: or, according to otliers, from

dvbpbs and iroi5j, the captive fall-

ing at the feet of his conqueror.

dpdpei-os, a, op (dyT^p), belonging to

a man ; manly, courageous.

dp5p€i6raTa, n. ,pi. of superlative of

dydpelos, used as adv., most man-fully, most bravely, &c.

dpdpelws, adv., in a manly way, man-fully.

dpSpdiS-rjs, 7]s, es, like a man, manly&P€fi-os, ov, m., a current of air,

wind ; from Au, drifii, to blow.

dp^pXOfiai, F. dveKevffOfiai, aor.

dvrjKdov or dpT^XvOop, v. dveXiJXw-

6a, to go up; go or come back,

return.

&pev, prep, with gen., without, awayfrom, except, besides.

dp^X^ {^^-^ ^X<^)' ^° li"!"^ "Pi 1"^ "P !

maintain, support ; endure.

dPT^p, gen. dpdp6i, voc. &pep, a man(as opposed to a woman, like vir;

whereajj dvOpwvoi means a man,

as opposed to a beast, like homo),

a husband, a warrior, &c.

GREEK VOCABULARY. 177

iv9' for AptLifd-os, eoj, n., a blossom, flower

;

shootS.vOpunr-0^, ou, m., a man (as opposed

to a beast), mankind; sometimes

/., when used of a woman (con-

temptuously).

iviaci), ividffO), to grieve, distress;

vex, annoy.

avoi-ywfjLi and iyotyu, p. dw^w,imperf., with double augment,

dvîjryop, v. av^cfrya, to open, un-

fold, disclose.

dirr' for avrl.

avrl, prep, vnth gen., over against,

opposite ; equivalent to, instead

of ; at the price of, in return for.

'kvrlyov-os, ou, m., Antigonus, kingof Asia.

avTiXiyu (see X^w), to speak a-

gainst, gainsay.

'Atrri6T-rj, Tjj, /., Antiope, motherof Amphion and Zethus.

ivriiroiiuj, to do in retUm : in mid.

to exert one's self about a thing;

to lay claim to, pretend to.

' kvTLcrOit-ris, ovs (eos), m., Antis-

thenes, an Athenian, founder of

the sect of Cynic philosophers.

avTiTiiTTO), or ajmriafftj}, P. d»^t-

Ta^w, to range in order of battle

;

mid. to strive against, oppose.

dLvr\-ibj, -^(Tu, to bale out bilge-

water, to drain, dry; exhaust.

Ibrrp-op, ov, n. {anirum), a cave,

cavern, hole.

iinjTroSTjT-os, oj, op [Slv, not; {rr6,

under ; 5^w, to bind), unshod,

barefoot.

ivd), adv. {(ip<£) , up, upwards, above,

on high; inland : ivw Kal jcdrco,

up and down.apwyai-op, ov {Apu and yaia, earth),

anything elevated above the

ground ; the upper storey or floor

of a house.

ipuiyewv, gen. avtiyeu (see p. 22),

n. ; also dvtiêws, gen. dptjyeti),

m. and/., same as dpdycuop.

iinaOaf, adv., from above, on high;

from the beginning.

A|i67r«rr-os, os, of, worthy of credit,

trustworthy.

Aî-oi, a, ov, worth, worthy (literally,

weighing as much ; from tf^w, in

the sense, to weigh), deserved,

meet, fit.

dtî6<ti, F. iîtiffo), imperf. ^^lovr,

to deem worthy of, to think fit

;

require, demand ; think, suppose.

dL^lw/xa, gen. dîtifiar-ot, n., that

of which a person is thoughtworthy, an honour ; worth, highcharacter, dignity ; an axiom,

dx' for iir6.

dirayy€0^.tt), F. dvayyeKQ (see Li-

quid Verbs), to bring tidings, to

report, relate, announce.

dvayopei-w, ffu, to forbid ; to bid

farewell to, to renounce ; to fail

(through fatigue—see dxelpTiKa).

dTdyo) (see dyu), to lead away,carry off; bring back.

dvaiT-iu, fi<TU), to demand back,

seek payment of.

diroXXdrT-w, or draXKdaffw, r.

diraXXdIw, to set free, release ; to

remove : intrans. to escape, get

off ; to give over, cease, &c.

4xa|, adv., once, once for all

(semeT)

.

iiras, diraaa, ILtop {Ana, Tat), all

together [cuncti).

dteid-ita, -fjaa, to be disobedient, to

disobey.

i-reifu (see etpu, Irregtdar Verbs], to

go away: pres. used as ful., " I

shall go away ;" depart.

dretirop (2 aor.), F. dvepw, p.

dr-iprifca, to speak out, declare

;

to deny, refuse ; but usually it

means to fail, to be wearied, to

sink from exhaustion.

d*flpr]Ka. (See foregoing word.)

direipL-a, as, /., infinity, immensity;

it also means, inexperience, ignore

ance.

&ireip-oi, OS, 01'. infinite, boundless;

also, unused to, ignorant.

4ireXai5»'w (see iXaipu), to drive

away, expel, &c.

dvepydlôfiat., P. direpydffOfiou, P.

178 GREEK VOCABTJLAKY.

diretpyafffiai, to finish off, com-])Iete.

d.ir^pXO/j.a(, (see fpxofiai), to goaway, depart, go out of.

dTT^w, F. d(f>iû} (see ^w), to hold

or keep off from : mid. dir&x.of^cLi;

to hold one's self off from, to ab-

stain, desist from : intrans. to be

away or distant from.

dirb, i^rep. ,governing genitive only,

from, away from, far from ; oftime—from, after, since. It is

sometimes used also to express the

instrument, the cause, or the ma-tenal.

diro^dWu) (see /3(£\Xw), to throw off

or away, to reject; to lose {e.g.,

to lose children by death).

d7r6â<r-tj, ewj,/. [diroâlvu], a step-

ping off, landing, disembarking.

dTroSelKvvfj.1 (see Verbs in -fit), to

point away from (other objects, to

one specially) ; Tience, to showforth, exhibit, produce ; to de-

clare, appoint, create.

diro5i5(i)/Ju (see Verbs in -jtii), to give

back, return, repay;give away.

dTTodv-qaKdi (see 6vfi<jK<t}), F. diroOa-

vovjiai, 2 ax)r. dir^davop, to be j)iit

to death, to die.

iiroKaX-iu), F. -^crw, to call back,

call away or aside ; miscall, to

call by a disparaging title.

dTTOKepS-aivti), f. -avu and -iêrw, to

derive benefit or enjoyment fromsomething.

diroKiv-iw, F. ijcrw, to remove from.

dwoKvalw, or diroKvdw, to scrape off

;

to wear (a person) out, to worry,

annoy.

diroKplv-uj, F. diroKpXvdf to separate,

distinguish, choose out ; mid.

diroKpivofiai, to give answer, to

reply.

avoKpviTTU, F. diroKp'ifca, to hide

from, conceal.

atroKTelvu), F. diroKTevQ, 1 <ior.

drriKTeiva, to slay, condemn.d7roXai5-w, F. -ffu, to benefit from,

onjoy.

ijrdWvfju, diroKiatj), and diroKCo, to

destroy utterly, to kill ; mid. &ir6\'

Xv/xai, to perish, to be undone.'A7r6XXwv, 'A7r6XXwv-os, m., Apollo.

dwovevor)p.iv(i3%, adv. (from perf. part,

pass, of ctTro^'oô/iat) , without re-

gard for life, desperately, foolishly.

dir-o^vvw (dir6, dîjvw from dîjs), to

bring to a point, to sharpen.

d7r6ir€ip-a, as, /., a trial, venture,

risk.

diroxifjLiru (see vifiirta), to send

away, dismiss; send back, return.

dirowXiw (see ttX^w), to sail away,set sail ; sail back.

diroirvl'yw (see vviyu), to choke,

throttle; pass., to be choked,

throttled, drowned.

dirop-iu, F. i}(7w, to be in perplexity

;

to be at a loss for, to be in want.

dvopi-a, as, /., perplexity, diflSculty,

doubt; need, poverty.

dwoa-iwTr-du}, F. -Tqaw, trans, to keep

secret ; intrans. to be silent (after

speaking).

dTToariWu (see (xt^Wu), to send off

or away, despatcii ; 2 aor. pass.

dTre<TTd\r]v.

dTroaT€(pav-6ci), dxrca, to deprive of

a crown, or garland.

diroriOrjiJLi (see I'erbs in -/u), to put

away, or stow away ; mid. to putaway from one's self, to put off (as

clothes), to lay past for one's self.

d-iro(pevyu (see êuyw), to flee awayfrom, escape.

diroxpdw, inf. diroxpfiv, imperf. diri-

Xp7]i>, to suffice, be sufficient.

dirdxpv (3«/ sing, jires. of i)receding

verb), used impersonally, it is

enough, sufficient, &c.

dvpdyfiwv, uiv, ov, gen. -ovos, free

from occupation, disengaged

:

hence, free from trouble, easy,

quiet ; lazy.

dirpeir-ifis, ^s, ^s, unbecoming, un-

seemly.

dn-Tepos, OS, oy, without wings, un-

fledged, callow.

dtrru, P. fi^w, to fasten, bind, tie;

to kindle or set fire to : more

uaiuU in mid. drrofULi; perf.

GKEEK VOCABTTLAJRY. 179

pass. 7/v"", to fasten one's self

to, cling to, to grasp; set upon,

attack; to overtake, gain.

'Apy-os, ov,m., Argus, son of Agenor,

called the " hundred-eyed."

'A/yy-os, ovi (cos), n., Argos, a townin the Peloponnese.

ipyvpeos, contracted dpyvpoih, o,

ovp, (made) of silver.

o^>^ '^1 V^: f-\ excellence, merit (of

any kind) ; bravery, (moral) vir-

tue ; skill.

dpiffT-d(i>, flaw, to take the ipurrop,

or mid-day meal ; to lunch, to

dine.

'ApiffTirr-m, ov, m., Aristippus, a

philosopher from Cyrene.

dpurr-oi, 77, OP, best. (See irregular

comparison, p. 50, mider dya06s.)

'ApiaToriK-Tjs, eot, m., Aristotle,

tutor of Alexander the Great.

dpK-i(i), F. -^ffw (Lat. arceo), to

ward off; to assist, to be of ser-

vice, to avail ; to suflSce : imper-

sonal, dpKfi, it is sufficient, I amcontent.

ipfui, ipfiaros, n., a chariot (espe-

cially war-chariot), car.

app6^ti/, Attic, apfjb&TT-w, F. ip/iAau,

to fit together, join, arrange, suit

;

intraiis. to tit, suit, be adapted

for.

dp&rris, ou, IB., a ploughman.dpoirpa, as, /.. a field.

ipovpeu-<K, a, OP, from the country,

rustic.

aprd^to, F. aprdffopMt [dprdâ], to

snatch away, carry otf; to seize

greedily, to plunder.

Kpraîpîp, ou, tn., Artaxerxes,king of Persia.

dpTi, adv., just, exactly; just now.

&fT-ot, ou, m., bread, a loaf

(wheaten) ; in ^, loaves, bread^:enerally). Barley bread is /laô-

A/>xAa-os, 01;, m., Archelaus, kingof ilacedonia.

'^'Xî V^)/-i beginning, origin; first

place or power, dominion, sove-

reignty, magistracy.

ipXTf^< 6c, 6p, used tubstantivelij.

leader, founder; prince, chief,

general.

ifiX''^! î'^t to ^ firsti to begin

(usuaUy mid. in this sense) ; to

lead, govern, command.

&PX(j3v, ipxovT-os, m. {partidpU of

dpx^, used as a svibst.), a mler,commander, chief magistrate.

dadtv-i<i), fyra, to be dxrdeprp,—ix.,

weak, feeble, sickly.

dffBa^-4p, 1)1, h (d, aBbwi), without

strength, weak, sickly ; insignifi-

cant.

'AaK\f(ri-bs, ov, m., .Êsculapius,

son of Apollo, and god of medi-cine.

dfffUvon, adv., willingly, gladly.

doiris, dairldoi, /., a round shield.

'AffcnJpt-ot, (in>, m.pl., the Assyrians.

dtrTet-ot, oi, op, and os, a, op (from

4<7Ti;), of the town, polite («r-

banus], comical.

dffTuc-6i, ^, 6p, of the city, or town.

dar-v, €0i, w., a city, town.

datpaX-Tis, ijs, 4s, not tottering; safe,

secure, sure, steadfast.

ire, conj., inasmuch as. seeing that,

because.

dreKP-os, oi, op, without children,

childless.

'ArXaJT-ii, -ISoi, /., a daughter of

Atlas.

'AtXoi, 'AtXcut-oj, m., Atlas (whobears heaven on his shoulders).

droT-ot, OS, OP, out of place, extra-

ordinary, strange; absurd, mon-strous.

aîs, adv., back, back again, again,

afresh, hereafter.

aiiX-id), -fyra [aSKbs), to play on the

flute, to pipe.

01JX-1), rjs,/., the open court-yard, a

court or hall; palace, dwelling,

country house (villa).

ov^dMV, or aO^, f. aA(^w (LaLaugeo), to make larg^ increase;

honour, extoL

dvrv-os, OS, OF, sleepless, wakeful.

turrlKO, adv., immediately, forthwith,

presently, at once.

aitSffi, adv., on the spot, here, there.

twT-6j, )}, b, reflexive pronoun, self;

but in oblique cases often used

for personal pronoun (see p. 55),

myself, thyself, &c. : 6 ai>r6s, the

very one, the same (contracted

airrhi).

aiiTov, avTTJi, avrov, for iavroO, &c.(see p. 56), himself, herself, itself.

avx-^t^, "fiffoj, to boast, plume one's

self; declare, avow.

avxh^t avx^v-os, m., the neck,

throat.

d(paip4(i) (see alpiot), to take awayfrom, remove, deprive; mid. moreusual, to take for one's self, carry

off.

d(pdpfjLaicr-oi, or, ov, unmixed withdrugs, free from poison.

d,(plr]fii (see irnJ.!., and Verbs in -fii),

to send forth or away, let go, set

free, give up.

i<f>iKviofxai, p. ilôixax, v. past,

d<pLyfiai, to arrive at, come to,

reach.

d(p[ffT7}fii (see t(TTrjiJ.i, and Verbs in

-fj.i), F. dirocrrijo-w, p. aîiar-qKa,

to make to stand off from, to putaway, remove ; mid., and intrans.

tenses of act. , to stand aloof from,shun, revolt.

'A<ppoSlT-rj, Tji, /., Aphrodite {Ve-

nus) goddess of love.

8.<ppovT-i^, IS, gen. d(pp6trrt,S-os, free

from care [securus).

'Axa'-<5s, d, 6v, Achaian;

pi. ol

'Axo.iol, the Achaeans.

'Ax''^X-ei5!, â»5, m., Achilles, son of

i'eleus and Thetis.

dxP'^j 0^ dxpa (before a vowel),

2»'ep. governing gen., until, up to,

as far as ; as conj. , until.

B/SaSifw, p. (fiaSlcru}), âSiovfiai, and

âSiaopLaL, to go ; to walk, or goslowly.

pdO-os, eos (ouj), n., depth, height;

deep place, valley.

âO-is, eta, i, deep, high (like

altus).

âivu, p. ^rjaofiai, P. î^-qna (f.

prjcro}, will cause to go), 2 aor.

i^riv, inf. ^Tjvai, to go, walk, ad-

vance.

âKTTipl-a, as, /., a staff, cane, walk-

ing stick, sceptre.

/SdXXw, P. /3a\w or paW-qcru), p.

pip\-qKa, 2 aor. iâXov, to throw

at, or hit (opposed to riirrd), to

strike), to throw, cast, fling.

pdpPap-os, OS, ov, barbarous [i.e.,

not Greek), strange, foreign ; out-

landish, rude, boorish, uncivil-

ized.

âp-iw, T^cru, to weigh down, oppress.

âp-ijs, eia, v, heavy, weighty ; op-

pressive, troublesome.

fiafflXei-S, as, /., a queen, a princess.

Pacn\el-d, as, f, sovereign power,

kingdom, dominion.

paaiX-eh, iojs, m., a king, chief,

sovereign, prince. (See p. 37.)

paffiXeij-u), to be king, to rule.

jSaj-rctfw, F. âardata, to lift, raise,

exalt, support; carry off.

pdrpax-OS, ov, m., a frog.

/3A.-0S, eos, n., a missile; a dart,

arrow ; a weapon.

pfKTL<TTos, r), ov, the best; irregular

superlative of dya66s.

^rina, p-fip-ar-os, n., a step, pace; a

platform or tribunal (to speak

from)

.

/9/oi-os, a, ov, forcible, violent.

^latbTepov, adv., compar. of fore-

going, more forcible, with con-

siderable force or violence.

î^XL-ov, ov, n., a paper, letter ; a

little book.

PL^pibcTKU, F. PpiiaopLai, 1'. P^PpuKa,to eat, eat up.

/3/os, ov, TO., life (Lat. vita) ; way of

life, livelihood ; common life.

GREEK VOCABITLARY. 181

fiiSv, licofiai, 2 aor. iîtav, inf.

îwvax, part, ^lois, to live.

p\4iro}, F. IfiXiût) pXixpo/iai, to

have the power of sight, see; to

look on or towards.

fiodd), -fjaofKu, to cry aload, to shout

;

to call on (a person).

ô-qdioy, rjffu), to succour, assist, help,

come to the rescue.

BoKitrl-a, as, /-, Bceotia, a district

of Greece.

^Srpv-s, oj, ffi., a bunch of grapes.

/Sou/coX^w, to act as a shepherd, to

tend cattle ; to guard.

Povk6\-os, ov, m., a cow-herd, herds-

man.

ôuXev-w, <rw, to take counsel, deli-

berate ; to decide; to plan; to give

counsel, advise.

ûX-iJ, §5, /., will, determination

;

purpose, plan, counsel; a conn-

cU.

/SoAo/tat, F. ôv\f)<rofuu, to will, bawilling, wish. It sometimes takes

rj as augment; e.g., -^ôvXiqdriP, as

well as ipov\-^9r)».

/3oCy, /3o6s, m. and/., an ox or cow;

in pi. cattle (generally).

PpaSvvw, F. ^paSuvw, to make slo-v,

delay ; intrans. to loiter, be tardy.

^paS-is, eta, 6 [tardus], slow, heavy;sluggish.

Ppax-vs, eto, i (previa), short, little,

petty,

^pi<f>-os, COS, n., an infant, babe.

/3p^w, F. ^pi^w, to wet (on the sur-

face), moisten, soak.

PpovT-dw, ^(Tw, to thunder.

^pvxdo/jLcu, ^pvxqffofjLcu, to roar or

bellow.

^pvxi)0fi-6i, ov, m., a roar, bellow.

BpdjffKCj. (See î^piixrKU.)

^<i}fM-6s, ov, a raised place ; a stand,

altar.

yal-a, oj, /., the earth; a land, or

country.

yd\a, yd\aKT-os, n., milk.

ya.\r}v-r), ijy, /., stillness of sea, a

calm.

ydp, conj., for, (introducing the rea-

son why). It is sometimes used,

like nam in Latin, to strengthen

a question, as, tLs ydp ; why, who?(See dXX(£.)

foar-ffp, yacrTp6s, /., the paunch,

belly, womb.7^, a limiting particle, at least ; tued

also to call special attention to

something ; even.

yilrwv, yelrov-os, m. andy., a neigh-

bour, borderer.

yekdu, yeXdffo/juu, to laugh, to

laugh at (one).

yewalus, adv., nobly, magnanimous-ly, generously ; bravely.

yew-dct}, -fyrd), to beget [trans.); to

bring forth ; to grow.

y4v-oi, (OS. n., race, descent; off-

spring, descendant; lineage; class,

kind.

yipav-os, ov, m., a crane.

yipojv, yipovT-oi, m., an old man.yevo), yfiKjoi, to give one to taste;

mid. yevop-ax, to taste.

yi<l>vp-a, as,/., a bridge.

yeu)pry-6s, ov, m., & husbandman,farmer, labourer.

yjjpai-di, d, 6», or-6j, 6j, 6v, aged. old.

yijpas, yi)paos, n., contracted yi^pui,

old age.

7^701, ylyavr-os, m., a giant : in

j}l., as proper name. The Giants.

yiyvo/iai, or yho/xai, f. yevT^cofiai,

2 aor. iyev6firiv, to come into

being, to be born ; to be, to arise,

happen, occur.

yiyvw<rK(i}, f. yvdi<roiuu, aor. hfinav,

opt. yvoLr)v, imperat. yvQdi, inf.

yvGivai, part, yvovs, P. fyyw/ttt,

to begin or learn to know ; to per-

ceive, distinguish ; to form or givs

an opinion, judge, decide.

•f\avK-6i, t}, 6v, gleaming, glancing,

glaring ;[rmth idea of colour),

grey, pale blue, light blue.

yKavKwTTis, yXavKdoirtd-os, epithet

of Athena [Minerva), fierce-eyed;

blue-eyed, azure-eyed; [y\avKbs,

and c3^, the eye).

y\vK-vs, eta, i5, sweet; delightful,

dear (beloved).

y\u)TT-a, or yXwcrcr-a, rj^, /., the

tongue ; a language.

yvdO-os, ov,f., a jaw; mouth.yva(pei-ov, ov, or Kva<puov, n., a

fuller's shop, a fulling mill.

yov-e'js, ^ws, m., a father: in pi.,

])arents, ancestors.

Fopyl-as, a, m., Gorgias, an orator

and philosopher of Leontini in

Sicily.

yovv, adv., at least then, accordingly;

at all events.

ypdfifia, ypdififjuT-os, n., a thing

written, a character, i.e., letter of

the alphabet: in pi., letters, the

alphabet ; a letter (epistle) ; docu-

ments, writings; learning.

ypavs, ypa6s,f., an old woman.ypdcpu, ypd\po}, to scratch, scrape;

sketch, write, inscribe, engrave.

F/siyXX-os, ov, m., Gryllus, son of

Xenophon.yvp.vdl(i), F. yv/jLvdffu, to train in

gymnastic exercises, to accustom

(a person) to (a thing) : mid. andpass., tc practise one's self, to

exercise.

yvfJLP-ds, /), 6p, naked, unclad, un-

covered.

yvfiv-6o>, (iffU), to strip naked, to

bare; to spoil, bereave.

yvv/i, yvvaiK-6s, vac. y6vai, a wo-

man (Lat. femina) : in voc. a term

of respect, mistress, lady; wife,

spouse.

yiiip, yvTfbs, rn., a vulture.

5' for 5^.

iaipiwv, Salfiov-os, m. and f., a god,

goddess; providence; lot, fortune,

chance; genius.

SdKVd), F. St^^o/jmi, 2 aor. ^SaKov, to

bite, champ (the bit); sting, prick;

gall.

SdKpS-op, ov, n. {poetic form, SdKpv),

a tear.

SaKpv-w, <rw, to weep, shed tears;

lament.

SaKTvX-oi, ov, 771., a finger: /liyas

SdKTvXos, the thumb.

Sdfia\-ti, ewj, /., a young cow, hei-

fer ijuve7ica).

Lavdri, tjs, /., DanSe, daughter of

Acrisius, king of Argos.

SaTrdvrjfjM, SairafrifiaT-os, n., usu-

ally in pi., expense, outlay.

hap€iK-6s, ov, m., a Daric, a Persian

gold coin, equal toabout ai/Mtraca,

English money:— said to be

called from king Darius. So the

French have pieces called "Lonisd'or" and "Napoleon."

Aapei-os, ov, m., Darius, king of

Persia.

Saa-^s, eta, v, thick, shaggy, rough

;

of dense foliage.

Sd(f>v-r}, 7]^,f, a laurel, a bay-tree.

Ad(pi'is, Ad(pvi5-os, m., Daphnis, i

Sicilian hero. Also/., a nymph.S4, conj., in the second place, on the

other hand; but, and: it usually

responds to piiv,

S^7]<r-ts, ews, f. [Sio/iai), an en-

treating, prayer, petition; want,

need.

Sei, impers. verb, it is necessary, it

behoves, there is need of [opus

est), one ought: F. Se'ficrei, 1 aor.

i8ir]ffe, &c.

beiypxt, tflyfiar-o^, n. [SeUvv/u), a

sample, specimen, proof.

SeUvvfu (nee Verbs in -fu), and 5«k-

vvia, to show, point out; explain

GREEK VOCABCLABY. 183

ttiX-6s, ij, i», ojwardlj; wretched;worthle&s; miserable.

Aeot'-as, ov, m., Dinias, an Athenian.

5cu'-6y, )}, 6w, dreadful, terrible,

calamitons ; mighty, powerful

;

clever, skilful.

Seirp-oy, ov, n., a meal; the chief

meal, dinner. (Lat. coma.)

Mko, indecl. numeral, ten.

hivbp-oy, ov, n., a tree.

5efi-<£, aJ, f., the right hand: h5eft^ on the right.

de|i-6s, d, 6f, on the right hand;

hence^ fortunate, lucky, favourable.

Seofuu, F. be-qcroficu, to need, be in

want of ; beg. ask.

Sipw, F. Stpd, 1 aor. fSet/xt, 2 oor.

/««. iSdpnrp^, with wi/. 5a^>^tu,

to take off the skin, flay; to beat,

cudgel [lUe our phrases, to tan,

emd to hide).

Sf<rr6T-r}f, ov, m., a lord, master,

autocrat ; owner.

Sfvrep-oi, a, OP, the second, latter of

two (as to time) ; inferior (as to

rank and position) : ix Sevripov, a

second time.

54(0, F. 3ij<rw, p. SiSeKO, P. pass.

Sibeftai, 1 aor. pass. thiOrff, to

bind, tie; fetter, imprison.

9^ (shortened from 4^), adv.,

now; already: in narrative, well

now.brjkovint ''5i;Xoi> 5rt), adv., clearly,

evidently.

iriK-bi, -fi, 6m, also 6s, 6s, 6v, clear,

evident, conspicuous.

5i}X-6, biau, to make clear, makeevident, &c. ; to declare.

Arifjii^rip, Ai}fi.riTp6s, /., Demeter{Ceres), goddess of com and of

a^cnlture.

ii for 5u£.

5t(£, prep, governing the gen. andaccus. (1.) With the gen., through

and through, quite through; (of

time), through, daring; (of cause),

arising through, by means of. (2.)

"With the accus. (1 and 2 poetie),

with the same meanings. SiA

rarrSs, always.

dia^cJru (see pabnJj, to pass over orthrough, to cross.

htaftywwCKU (see ftyvuxTKai^, to dis-

tinguish; resolve, decide; givejudgment.

StdSrifui, SiaS-^pMT-os, n., a band or

fillet (for tlie head), a diadem,

5ta^it-i7, 17J, /. {5iaTl&T}iu), a dispo-

sition (of property), will, testa-

ment ; a covenantSiatp-4w, -fyru (see cdpiti^, to take

one from another, separate ; divide,

cut in two, distribute ; distinguish.

ZiatT-a., T/s, /., life, way of life ; food

;

dress; maintenance.

SiaiTT]T--qs, oO, m., an arbitrator,

umpire.

SidKOP-iu, 'fjcu, to be a Siaxofos,—ue., to wait on, serve; to supply,

administer.

SidK6(Ti-oi, ou, a, two hundred.

StaXafffditj (see Xay^cbw], to escape

notice, lie hid.

SiaXiyv (see X^w), to pick out,

choose, distinguish: mid. to con-

verse with, to discourse ; argue.

SioXiij (see Xi^), to loose from oneanother, unravel; break up; dis-

miss ; put an end to, destroy.

Siararr6s, i.e., Sid rcvrit, tlirougfa-

out, always.

Siaropdfieita, to ferryover, transport.

Suurr-dbi, daofuu, p. Sifffiraica, to

tear in pieces ; to distract.

Suurrpiiyyv/u, and -vw. f. Sutorpdata,

to spread, lay out (as couches,

or chairs).

Siare\4w, to finish, accomplish.

huirifUKit, Siarefiu, to cut through,

to cut in twain, sever.

SultI [i.e., 8{& tQ, wherefore. (LaLtpiamobrem).

Siarpi^i^, rjs, /., a. wearing away;waste of time, delay.

Sia^pw (see (p^pa, to carry across;

bring to an end ; carry different

ways : intrans. to differ ; excel.

Siaipevyw, to flee throush, escape.

huKftOdpti, SuKpdepCj, SUipOtipKa, to

destroy utterly.

HMffKoK-os, ov, m. and/, a teacher.

184 GREEK VOCABULA.RY.

SiSd(TKU}, F. SiSdû, to teach : mid.

to have one taught for one's self

;

e.g., to get one's children taught.

SlSvfi-oi, 7], ov, also OS, ov, double,

twofold, twin.

SiS<j}/j.i (see Verbs in -fu), to give,

grant, offer.

Siepevvdu}, tjcu), to search through,

examine minutely.

SLrjyr]fia, dnjyrjfjMTos, n., a tale, nar-

rative.

5ucrTr]/j.i (see Vei-hs in -/m], f. Sm-<rT7}<T(j), to divide, cause disunion

:

in pass, to stand apart, to differ,

disagree ; to stand at intervals.

5j/cdfw, diKaffd}, to judge, determine.

5iKai-os, a, ov, attentive to rules;

upright; scrupulous, honest, just;

well merited.

5iKa(TTi^pi-ov, ou, n., a court of jus-

tice;judgment-seat.

Aio7^^-7;s, eos, w., Diogenes, the

famous Cjnic philosopher.

Aiovvai-os, ov, m., Dionysius, tyrant

of Syracuse.

5i6rt, co»i/.,^Std [tovto] Sti, because

that, since ; wherefore, (in indirect

sentences.)

dltrovs, diiroSos, two-footed ; two feet

long.

5^s, adv., twice.

6i\t'(£w (contracts ae, &c. into?;, not a):

inf. Si'tprjv, to thirst, to be parched.

SidiKoj, Siu^w, Scwô/ia^, to pursue,

hunt ; drive away.

Sfiibs, 5/iw6y, m., a slave taken in

war; a slave, attendant, domesticSoKû, F. 56fw, to think, expect,

imagine : intrans. to seem, ap-

l)car : impers. BoKfi, it seemsgood, it pieces.

8o\ix65et/5os, os, ov, long-necked,

having long necks.

56î-or, ov, m., [domus^ a building,

house.

Siyal, ZbvaK-os, m., a reed; dart;

writing-reed (pen).

5()^-a, r]s, /., an opinion; estimation,

good report ; honour, glory.

dop-d, as, /., a hide of a beast, (when

taken off.)

S6pv, gen. 86paT-os, a stem; tree;

hence, the shaft of a spear; a

spear.

Sov\eij-u), ffu, to act the slave; be

subject to; obey.

5ov\-os, 01, m., a slave, bondman.

dpaxM-'f], v^,/., a drachma, a silver

coin worth about 9^d.

Spdo}, F. Spdaw, to do, fulfil, per-

form.

Svpa/jLai, F. hw-fjaofiai. (see iffxafiai.

Verbs in -fu), to be strong, to be

able; to be equivalent to ; to sig-

nify (mean).

SOvafM-is, ews, /., power, strength,

ability.

SvvaT-6s, -f), 6p, mighty, able, strong;

(of things) possible.

Svo, gen. and dat. Svoiv (see p. 53),

two.

A^(nrap-Ls, tSos, unlucky Paris

(Alexander).

Su&TTjv-os, OS, ov, wretched, un-

happy ; unfortunate.

Sijw, F. S6ff(i3, 2 aor. fSvv, to put

on, (as clothes, armour, &c.) ; to

enter (a house, country).

SuSeKa, twelve.

dw/ia, ddb/juiTos, «, a house; chief

room, hall.

Svp-ov, oVf n., a gift, present.

Efdv, conj. (contracted into Ijv, and

in Attic, du), if, if perchance. In

good writers it is always joined

with the .subjunctive mood.iavT-oO, ijs, ov, of himself, her-

self, itself: reflex, pron., foi

which see p. 56, (contracted into

avTovj.

idu, F. idffu, p. etaKa, to allow,

permit ; let alone, let pass.

GREEK VOCABULAEY. 185

tyyvdu, T. --^(rw, to give over as apledge ; to plight, betroth.

iyyvs, adv., near, at hand.

lyKavfjui, iyKovfJUiT-oi, n., a markmade by burning into (the flesh,

&C.), a brand; a sore firom burn-

ing.

^K^âX-oj, ov, m., within the head(«âX^ : hence, the brain.

iyx^<^, f- ^7XeWi oor- 6êa, to

pour in, (as water, wine, &c)fyX'O^j foj, n., a spear, lance, pike;

sometimes even a sword.

eyu, gen. i/tw, I (see p. 54). Lat.

ego.

lyuye (Lat equidem), I at least,

I for my part.

idfKu (or eû), F. ieiKfyrv, to

will, be willing; to wish, desire.

eZ, conj., if; whether (in questions).

Used with indicative and optative

moods.fiSevcu. (See oZ3a in Vocabulary and

in Irregular Verbs.)

eI9or, used as 2 aor. of bp6ju (which6ee);*u^/. tSo), opt. tSoi/u, imperat.

lii, part. iSuv, inf. IScTf, to see,

behold ; to l«ok at.

ttOe (Lat utinam), interjection, Othat, would that.

ewcdiw, F. eUdau, p. pass, j/cacr/uu,

to make like, liken ; compare

;

conjecture.

tUds, gen. eiK&ros, neuter of per/,

particip. of eLco [ioixa], likely,

probable, reasonable : as a subsL

T& eUdi, probability, likelihood.

etKOffi {indeclinable numeral}, twen-ty. (See p. 54.)

eU&TUi, adv., in likelihood, natur-

ally; reasonably, with good rea-

son.

EtX^^w-o, aj, /., Ilethyia, goddessof birth.

tlfd (see Irregular Verbs), to be.

f^ (see Irregular Verbs), to go

;

pres. used by Attics as/ut I shall

go-

drop, used as aor. of tpijfd. (See

Irregular Verbs.)

^VV^, r)s.J., peace, time of peace.

tXi, fiUt, tp, numeral adj. (see pu 53),one.

els or is, prep, governing aeeus, onbff

into, to, towards.

etffeifu, to go into. (See et/u.)

ttaipxpfuu (see Ipxofuu), to go into,

enter.

etffofiai (firom obsolete verb elSht,

or etSu), F. of ttSa (which see.

Irregular Verbs), I shall know.(See also eZ3ov.)

elfforrplôfiai, to look into a mirror.

elff^pui (see 4^pu) eUrolab), &e., to

bring or carry into ; to contri-

bute ; to introduce, propose.

cTra [deinde), adv., then, next, in the

next place; then, therefore [ita.)

ttre [el ri), conj., whether.

iic (before a vowel ^, from out of,

away from out of, forth frt>m

;

from.

?K<WT-oj, ij, OF, every, every one

;

each {quisque).

endrep-oi, a, », each of two; eachby himself.

'ExdT-17, rjs,/., Hecate, goddess of

the lower world and of magic^/râXXw (see /3aXXa>, to throw out

to throw away ; banish, cast oator away ; reject

iKSiSdaKca (see 5t5<i<rjcw), to teach

thoroughly ; inform accurately

(edocere.)

iKiubfv (see 3u6kci>), to chase away;to banish.

iKel, ado., there, in that place (tZ7ic).

ixeWep, adv., from that place, thence

[Ulinc).

ifeip-'os, Vy o» til** person there; that

well-known person (like Lat ille.)

iKOfpfi-cupu, -ai^, to warm tho-

roughly.

ixSpwcKW, F. iK0opmj(uu, aor. iî-

Oopor, to leap out of, or forth.

iKKoJO-alpu, F. -apv, to cleanse outpurify thoroughly.

iKKkriffl-a, oi, /., an assembly, orpublic meeting ; also, the place

of meeting, assembly haU.

iKKo\d-TTu, -if/it), to scrape oat,

erase;peck out^ hatch.

{K\av9dv<a (see \av0dvu), to escape

notice entirely : in mid. to forget

utterly.

iKTri/xiru) (see iriinroS), to send forth,

or out, or away.

iKireravvv/Mi,, F. iKireriau}, to stretch

forth ; spread out, unfold, dis-

play.

iKplTTTO) (see piirTui), to throw out

or away, cast forth.

^ktolStju {iKTelvw), adv., stretched

out at full length.

€KTidT]ixi (see TldTjfii), to set forth,

put out ; expose, exhibit.

iKTV(p\-6ui, F. -<Ii(Tii), to render en-

tirely blind.

'Ektoj/), 'EKTop-ot, m., Hector, son

of Priam, king of Troy.

iK<f)0^-iia, T^trw, to frigliten away,terrify : pass, to be afraid.

i\aTT-6u}, ticrw (or iXaaadoi, from

i\dcrau)v, smaller), to make less,

diminish : pass, to come worst off,

be defeated ; be diminished.

iXarjvu, F. iXdcro}, Attic i\w, to

drive, set in motion ; ride ; ad-

vance, (as an army on march.)

IXa^-os, ov, m. and/., a deer, (stag

or hind.)

iXe-iw, F. -tJcw, to pity, feel com-passion for; show mercy to.

i\€r)jj.ocnjy-r], rjs, /., pity, mercy;alms.

'KKiv-T], Tjs, /., Helen, wife of Mene-laus, carried off by Paris.

fKe-os, ov, m., pity, mercy, com-passion.

iXivdepos, a, ov, free, free-spirited;

liberal, generous.

i\ev$€p-6u, F. (iffw, to free, set free,

release.

iXdelv, iXdiLv, &c., 2 aor. of lpxofJ.ai,

to come;go.

'EXXas, 'EXXd5-oj, /., Greece.

'EXXt]v, "EXXtjj'-qj, m., a Greek

:

"EXXrjces, the Greeks.

'EXXr]viK-6s, ri, bv, Hellenic, Greek.

(Xniû), V. iXiriaw, Attic iXxiQ, to

liope ; expect ; think, suppose.

i/iuuToD, ^s, ov, myself. (See p.

56.)

ifiâlvo) (see âlvw), to go into,

enter ; embark.

i/jL^dXXo) (see jSdXXw), to throv/

into;put in ; to excite, inspire

;

introduce ; to fall upon, attack.

iî^pbvrrjT-os, os, ov, thunderstruck

(attonitus); as a svhst. crazy (fool).

^/i-6s, (], bv, my, or mine : possessive

pronoun from {'kytl)] i/iov.

ip.Tri7rpr]ij.i, aor. ivivpijcra, to kindle,

set on fire, burn. The pres. ought

to be ifj.irinTrpT]fii, but the second

fj.is omitted to avoid the recur-

rence of the /ti sound. So i/iTrl-

TrXrjfu, and not ^/xTrfjttirXij/ii.

iniriirrb) (see vLtttu), to fall ijito

;

to liglit upon ; fall in with;

happen.

ifiirXiKO}, P. ^yUTrX^lw, to weave or

plait in, to intertwine ; entangle.

ilxirpoaOev, or ifiirpoaQe (before con-

sonants), adv., before, in front of;

earlier, sooner. Sometimes it is

a pirep. and governs jrcn.,—before.

(Lat. ante.)

i/itpayeiv, inf. of 2 aor. ind. ivi-

cpayov (the used^^jres. being iaBlu,

which see), to take some food;

feed upon, eat, devour.

iv, prep., governing the dative only,

in (i.e., being within); on; at or

by, (near) : iv 5dirv(i), at dinner:

iv oivifi {inter pocxila), at wine.

ivaXXd-TTO), or ivaXXd-aao), v. -fw,

to give one thing in exchange for

another, to barter, to change.

ivdXXo/xai, F. ivaXod/j.ai, aor. ivijX-

d/j,r]v, to leap on, (and so like t«-

sidtare, in Lat.,) to leap on con-

temptuously ; to rush at.

ivavrla, adv. [n. pi. of ivavrlos, a,

o;'), over against, opposite ; to

the face, in the presence of.

^vai^w, to kindle, set fire to.

ivbov, adv., within, in; in the house,

at home [domi].

hSo^-os, oi, ov, of high fame;

honoured;glorious.

ivSuco, and ivSvvu, v. iv56aoftax (see

5ya>), to pit on, clothe ; enter.

ivetixi (see elfi^, to be in or at

:

GREEK VOCABULARY, 187

(vtffTi {used impersonally), it is

possible ; it is in one's power.

EvcAca, prep, with gen., on account

of; for the sake of (like causa

and grattd in Lat.) ; becaase of.

ivda, adv., then ; thereupon;just

then : as relative, where.

ivddde, adv., thither ; here ; there;

now.ivOovat-dû), dffu [hfOeot], to be in-

spired, possessed {jy a god ; to

be in ecstasy

-

ifiavT-Si, ov, m., a year.

evi-oi, cu, a, pi., some.

ivLorre, adv., sometimes.

(voiK-io), ijcrw, to dwell in.

ivoTrX-os, oj, ov, in armour, armed.

ivoxX-4o}, -qaii), imperf. ip>dr)(\ow

(with double augment), to give

annoyance to ; trouble, annoy,

pester.

ivravda, adv., here ; there ; at the

very time ; then.

ivriKko) (the active seldom used,

the mid., ivriWofjiai, being almost

always employed), to enjoin, com-mand.

iirrpv<p-d<i), F. "qau, to luxuriate or

revel in ; to make sport of, mock.i^, prep, with gen., used instead of

iK before vowels, out of; without,

&c. (See iK.)

iâip-^w, Tjcro), 2 aor. ^|et\oi', to

take out or away, remove.fâiT-io), Tiau), to demand from an-

other ; to beg (a person) off ; to

obtain by asking.

iâvloTTjfii (see tanjfu, in Vocabu-

larij, and Irregular Veris), to

raise up, rouse ; excite : mid. to

change one's abode or residence.

i^fifii, to go out ; come out.

têifjLi, impersonal forms only tised;

e.g.. iêoTLV, it is allowed.

iêkavvo}, iêXdau, to drive forth.

(ê\iy-X<j}, F. |w, to search out

;

try ; convict and confute.

iêirlTi^S-€i, adv., on set purpose

:

hence, maliciously.

iîpXo/Mii (see fpxofiat), to go or

come forth.

(128) 1

iîraa-is, ews, /., a drawing out in

line; scrutiny; review.

iêvplffKu, iêvp-ffaw, aor. iêvpov,

to find out, discover ; win.

iôi,S-i(i}, F. r^ffti), to be swollen up :

iîfSriicdis, perf. part.

iôveid-l^w, F. Uru, Attic tw, to cast

up to a person, tatmt with, re-

proach.

iôvffl-a, ay, / [f^fOTt], power;per-

mission, authority.

#^w, adv., on the outside, without

;

beyond.

(oiKa, 2 perf. from old stem, efjcw,

to be like : particip. ioiKws,

shortened into cIkus, eUvTa, eUds,

(see eUSi, Ln Vocahulary,) to be,

or to look like ; to be probable,

to stem.

At' for iirl.

iTTq-Su (see #5w), to sing to or over

;

to harp upon ; inculcate.

hraiv-iu, f. iaa, mid. 4<ro/Mi, to

approve ;praise, commend.

iwaiv-os, ov, m., approval, praise,

panegyric

eiralpo), F. IvapQ, to lift up, raise,

elevate, exalt ; rouse.

'Yiirafiivuvb-as, -ov, m., Epaminon-das, a famous Theban general.

ivavipxop-ai (see fpxofiai], to comeor go back ; return.

iirapK-iu), F. iffu, to ward off, de-

fend ; hinder ; be enough for.

iirax0iii'<J, to load, burden with.

iirel, conj., since ; seeing that.

hreiZdv [iireiSr] S.v], conj., as soonas, whenever.

ivei.^ [iirel 5i}), conj., since; seeing

that.

ivecra [iirl elTa), thereupon ; in the

next place ; then ; therefore.

iirevSvvo}, or -Svui, to put on {wie

part of dress or armour) over {an-

other).

iwfpelSo}, F. iirepelau, to press, or

drive against ; j^''^^- to lean on,

press against.

iirl, prep., governing accusative, geni-

tive, and dative. (1.) With accus.

it indicates motion towards of

3

188 GREEK VOCABULAEy.

against, — to, towards, against.

(2.) With (7eJi., rest or motion,

—

upon, at, near. (3.) With dat.,

nearness to,

—

in or at (a time or

place), for (a purpose.)

hriâivcj (see ^t^lixix], to go upon,

tread upon ; arrive at ; to mountupon ; embark.

iinp€\\ii) (see /SciXXco), to throwupon ; add to ; attack.

iTTifidr-T]^, ov, m., one who mounts;a rider ; a passenger ; a marine(soldier).

iiripodu), P. iviôiicronai., to call

upon, shout to; cry out against;

invoke.

iiripovXei-oj, F. -ffu, to devise plans

against one, to plot ; lay snares

for.

iirlôvX-os, OS, op, plotting; treach-

erous, stealthy; designing.

iTriyeXd-u}, -(TOfxai, to laugh ^t, de-

I'ide; smile to.

iiriylyvo/xai (see ylyvo/xaCj , to comoafter, liappcn after ; accrue to.

iiriypdijxj) (see ypd<pw), to graze,

scratch; write upon; mark; in-

scribe, engrave; write down, enroll.

ein5eiKVv/j.i (see Irregidar Verbs), to

exhibit, show off, display.

ewiSiSufii (see Irregular Ferbs), to

give in addition ; to give freely;

to give one's self up to, devote to.

iineiKU)^, fairly; tolerably; pretty

well;

pretty much.^L^7]r-iu], rjiTCj, to seek after; wish

for, desiderate.

iwiOea-is, ews, /., application.

ewiKadiîi), to set upon : intrans. to

sit upon.

iiriKoK-û, -i(7(x), to call on or to

;

appeal to; invite; invoke; to call

by a surname.

hnKK(h6(t), P. iTLKK(!}(T(i), to spin to

one, (as the Fates;) to allot, de-

cree, destine.

hrCKafi^dvw (see Xafi^dvoj), to re-

ceive in addition ; to attain : in

mid. to hold on by ; seize ; to at-

tack, (as of battle or disease.)

iiriKavOifO} (sec \av6du(ii), to make

to forget : mid. to forget, lose

thought of.

iwiXiyu} (see X^w), to say in addi-

tion ; to choose, select.

iwi/xeXus, adv., carefully.

iTrifj.7]xavdo/j,ai, to devise plans

against, plot.

iirnripLTTO}, to send after or again

;

send against ; let loose.

iirnrXdTTU) (or irXdcrtrw), F. ivi-

vXdcdi, to spread a jjlaster on.

iirurK^TTTOfiaL (better hrtaKoirû}), p.

iiriaK^ô/xai, r. iiriaKe/Mfiai, to

look upon, visit, examine.

iirKXKw-irTU, P. -^^w, to laugh at,

jeer, make game of.

hriariXXta, P. iiriaTeXQ, to send to;

tell ; enjoin, command;

give in

charge to.

ivi(TToX--f}, 71$, /., a commission;

a letter, epistle.

iiTKJTpi- <}>(>}, p. \j/<i), to turn towards,

turn : mid. and pass, to turn one's

self towai'ds ; to turn round ; to

care for.

iiriTapd-TTO) (or -(r<rw), F. -fw, to

trouble yet more, give additional

(extra) annoyance.

iiriTelvd), p. iTTiTevCi, to stretch out

upon (as on a frame) ; to tighten

;

to increase ; to urge on, excite;

to strain after.

lTru-lOt]Hi, to lay by or upon ; to put

to, add ; suggest ; attack.

iTriro/i-os, OS, ov, cut off; shortened

:

^ iiriTo/MOS (soil. 656s), the short

road.

iinTpix<^! F. iiriOpiôfxai, or ^7rt-

dpa/JLOvfiai, to run to or after ; fol-

low ; attack.

iiTKpwv-io}, -'fiffd), to mention byname ; to add, .subjoin.

iiTLxeip-iuj, -iô-w, to put one's hand

to; attempt, endeavour.

iTrd/JLVV/ii, and -vu, F. iiro/iov/jLai, to

swear to (do a tiling) ; to swear in

confirmation.

ipdo}, to love.

ipydiôp-ai, p. -d(rofjL<u, v. etpyacrftai,

to work, labour ; do, pcrfonu

;

effect.

GREEK VOCABULABT. 180

fpyo^, ov, n., a work; deed; thing;

matter,

f'pfftj, F. iplffu, to strive;quarrel

;

vie with.

?pi-op, ov, n., wool.

Ipis, IpiSoi, /., [accus. fpiSa, or

Ipif,) strife, rivalry;quarrel. As

a proper name, The Goddess of

Contention.

Ipiip-os, ov, nu and/., a young goat,

a kid.

'E/>/i^s, ov, m., Hermes (Mercury),

messenger of the gods.

[ipofiat], for which ipurdu is used

by the Attics as pres. ; fut. ipri-

ffonau aor. ijpbfrqv, to ask, inquire.

(See ipw.)

(epxi/fw) , aor. etfnrvaa, (the only part

used by Attics, who preferred

ipirv) to creep, crawl.

tpirci), inxperf. ttpirov, to go slowly

;

creep, craw].

IpXofJiaL, F. iXevffOfiaL, P. iki^Xuda,

aor. ^\6ov (for ilXvOov], to come;

go, go away.

epu [fut. of old pres. etpw), to beabout to speak

; proclaim ; say;

promise, &c. : the per/, is etpTjKO.

p. pais. etpTjfioL.

tpas, iporr-os, m., love, aflfection. Asa proper name, Eros (Cupid), godof love.

•du, -ijffw (see (pojxaCj, to ask,

inquire.

ipwriK-6s, "fi, b», of or belonging to

love; amorous; amatory.

i% or ety, prep, \cith accits. onhj,

into; unto, towards.

iadid), F. iSofiat, p. idi^doKa, P.

pass. iSriStcrnat., 2 aor. i<f>ayov,

to eat.

tralp-os, ov, m., a companion.trep-os, o, ov [alter), the other; one

of two ; the second ; different,

frt, adv., yet, still ; henceforth.

froTû-oj, Ti, Of, or oy, os, of, ready,

prepared ; certain, sure.

tr-oi, eoy, n., a year.

t7', ade. (&ene), well.

f5y€ (e5, 7^ adv., well ; weU done

;

bravo.

p.

evyvwfi-(i>j>, WF, oy, of good feeling;

fair ; charitable ; reasonable.

evdoKifi-iui, F. -i7<rw, to be in goodestimation ; to be honoured, re-

spected ; famous.

evfpyer-4<i), f. -iJcw, to be a benefac-

tor ; do well ; do good to, showkindness to.

evepry^-tji, ov, m., one who does

well to others, a benefactor.

evTjêi-o, ay, /., goodness of heart

;

simplicity; honesty; also, folly.

evdap<r-T^s, ijy, ^y, of good courage;daring.

€xi6€T-iu, F. --fyru, to set in order,

arrange duly or well.

djOvfi-oi, OS, OF, cheerful ; spirited,

of good spirits.

evOvfWTep-ov, adv., n. of compar. oj

preceding, more cheerfully.

eid-&s, fia, ii, straight, direct : asadv., evdvs, directly, straightway;

straight towards. evOvs [adv.)

properly refers to time, and ev&i[adv.) to place.

€ifiey^0-7]s, Tjy, es, of good size;

large, great.

evfii^K-Tjs, 7]S, €s, of good length;

tall, long.

€Cfiop<fy-os, OS, ov, of good form,well made ; comely.

eSoafjL-os, oy, op, of good smell

;

fragrant.

eihrop-os, oy, ov, easily passed

through; easy; steady; ingeni-

ous; inventive.

eiirpdyl-a, oy, well-doing; welfare,

success.

evplffKw, p. ei'priffti), aor. eZpop, to

find, discover; invent; obtain.

'Ei/pvîdS-Tj^, ov, m., Eurybiades,

commander of the Spartan fleet at

Salamis.

'EvpvSix-ij, ijy, /., Eurydice, wife of

Orpheus.

eip-is, eta, 6, wide, broad ; exten-sive.

evrikei-a, as, f., cheapness ; eco-

nomy; frugality; shabbiness.

eimrxô}, to be successful, have gooil

luck, turn out welL

tii(ppalv(a, V. ei><f)pavQ, to inspirit

;

gladden : pass, and viid. to makemerry ; enjoy one's self.

eiKpvQs, ingeniously ; cleverly.

ei!/xoyu.at, f. edôfiai, to pray ; vow;

pay one's vows ; boast, speak

proudly;profess.

ei/tkvv/i-os, OS, ov, of good name

;

of good omen, lucky, fortunate

;

(in reference to omens), on the

left hand.

tixiTxiui, to entertain sumptuously

:

in mid. and pass, to fare sumptu-ously, feast ; relish, enjoy.

i<pi.inr-os, OS, ov, on horseback

;

riding.

i<})l<rTri(ii, F. iirKXT-fiau (see trrrj/xi),

to place upon ; to set over, by, or

near : inlrans, to stand upon, by,

or near; to impend; to stand

still, halt.

ixO-p6s, pd, p6v, hateful ; hostile

:

as a snhst., an enemy.

?XW, F. iûi, or ax'^'^'^} ^- ô'X''?'^*)

2 aor. iaxov, toith inf. ax'^^v,

std)j. <rxw, opt. ffX'^^Vt part.

<rx^''> to have ; hold ; kec])

;

know : mid. to cling to, with

gen.

ibiOev, adv., from the morning; in

the morning ; at dawn.

id.il}, contracted fw, fijs, ff : inf.

^rjv : impcrf. ^^wv, F. ^Tjfffi) (rare),

to live; to be strong, be fresh

and vigorous.

Zei^s, voc. Zed, gen. Ai6s, accus. Ala,

Zeus {.Jupiter, i.e., Zevs TraT-qp).

l^rfKoTviriw, to be jealous of; to

emulate ; to envy.

I^r]\'6<j, F. -tip-Co, to envy ; imitate;

rival.

I^rifu-6it3, F. (Lffw, to cause damage to

one; to punish, fine.

7ii]v6(pavT-os, ov, m,, Zcnophantus.

Zrjvwy, Zw^^vos, m., Zeno, founder

of the Stoic school of philosophy.

^rp--û, F. rjffWfto seek, ask, search for.

^(jioyoviw, to produce;

propagate

(animals).

tQ-ov, ov, n., a living creature, ani-

mal.

fw/3-6s, is, 6p, pure ; unadulterated,

(of wine.)

Iôipdrep-os, a, ov, compar. of fore-going.

Hfj, (1.) advers. conj. (a?^^), or : (2.)

interrog. whether, (in indirect ques-

tions) : (3.) compar. as, than, (like

quam, in Lat.)

Jj, adv., truly, verily, certainly: in-

terrog. (like an and num), pray, is

it really so ?

tfyioiiai, F. Tiyf)(rop.ai, to lead the

way, act as guide ; take the com-mand of (troops) ; to suppose,

imagine, (like ducerc,)

^SeLv, ^Sets, &c. (Seo olSa, andIrregular Verbs.)

ifiiui (^5i)»), glndly, with pleasure.

^5??, adv. {Jam), already ; before

now; forthwith.

USt], fjSrjs, &c., Attic for -gSetv.

i]5l-uv, wv, ov, compar. of :^5i;i.

t/5oi'-tJ, i]S, f, pleasure, enjoyment.

ijd-vs, eXa, i/, sweet;pleasant

;(of

men), kind, dear.

tJKO}, F. ^'â>, I am come; i.e., I

have come, I am here, (used as a

perf)i]\lK-oi, T), ov, of what size ; how

great ; as great as. (Lat. qvantua.)

^Xos, ov, m., a nail ; stud ; wart

;

knot.

GREEK VOCABTJLAPvY. 191

ilfi^p-a, ai, /., a day.

r]fiepoSpofii-o}, to be a ijfiepodpSfioi,

i.e., a day runner, or courier ; to

post.

ijfjLep-oi, 01, ov, or a, ov, tame, (of

animals ;) cultivated, civilized.

rjnirep-os, a, ov, our {noster).

ijfi-rjv, imperf. mid. of eifd, to be.

ijfjLLTfX-'fis, rii, is, half-finished, (ap-

plied to a house which has lost

its head ; or, perhaps, which is

childless.)

r]pil<l>\eKT-os, oj, ov, half- burnt,

scorched, singed.

ijf, conj., with mbj. (for iitf), if, in

case that.

^veyKe. See {<pipa.)

ffwov, adv., of a truth ; beyond a

doubt ; certainly.

'Hpo, as, /., Hera (Juno), sister

and wife of Zeus.

'HpoKX-^s, contracted for 'Hpo-

K\iT}s: voc. 'Hpa/cXetT, (contracted

for *Hpd/cXees,) and a shorter

form,'H/)o/cXey : gen, 'S.paK\ieoi,

contracted 'Hpa/cXôvi, m.; Hera-cles [Hercules.)

i}po}-s, TJpoi-os, tn., a hero, demi-god;a free-man ; warrior.

tJTT-uv, uv, ov, or ijaawv, [irregvlar

cornpar. of KaK6s,) less ; lower;

weaker ; inferior ; unequal to.

"H<âi<rT-oj, ov, m., Hephaestas(Vulcan), god of fire.

G6d\a}i-os, ov, m., an inner room

;

bed-room; store-room.

66.\a.TT-a [ddXaffffa), 17j, /., the sea.

6<ivar-os, ov, m., death. As a pro-

per name. Death.

dappiu}, or Oapffiu, to be of goodcourage ; to be audacious ; to bedaring, bold.

6app6v<j}, or dapcivw, or Opaxrivu,

to encourage, cheer on : intrans.

take courage.

6apa-vs, -eta, v. (See BpaoTui.)

BavpAû {-ia(ji\, davfidiffofiai, to

wonder, be astonished, marvelat, to admire ; esteem.

9avpM<rr-6s, ij, 6v, wonderful, marvel-

lous, strange.

6ed, as, /., a goddess; (but dicL, a

sight.)

OedopLai, OeiaopLox, to view, behold,

look at ; contemplate.

B{\o3, dek-fiffij}, shortened form of

idfKu, to will, be willing.

0ipA.s, dipixTos, or Oi/uSos, accus.

0ipj.v, law (of usage, like jvs andfas in Lat.), right.

Q€pm7tok\-7\s, iovs, m., Themis-tocles, a famous Athenian.

Ms, ov, TO., God; a deity: and so

/. 17 Bebs.

Oepdiraiv-a, 171, /., a waiting-maid,

maid-servant.

6epairev-<a, -ffu, to act as attendant

;

pay court to ; fawn on ; flatter ;

" dance attendance to."

Bep/i-cdv(o, -avQ, to warm, heat :

pass, be heated.

Bepp.-bs, 1), 6v, warm, hot ; hasty

(in temper.)

Bipfi-os, ov, m., a kind of lupine.

6ip-os, eos, n., summer.Qiris, QiriSos, /., Thetis, mother of

Achilles.

QerraXl-a, oj, /., Thessaly a dis-

trict of Greece.

Biw, F. Beijcofiac, to run ; movequickly.

Qijâl-os, a, ov, Theban, belonging

to Thebes (in Boeotia).

Briyo), Btiû), to sharpen, whet;pro-

voke.

Bi]K--q, ijs,/., a case, box, cheat.

B^p, 6ijp-6s, m., a wild beast, beast

of prey ; a monster.

Biip-a, OJ,/., the chase; eager pursuit.

07ip-d(i), Bripdffu, mid. B-rjpdaopML, to

take part in the chase, hunt ; tfl

pursue eagerly.

6i]p€VTiK-6s,-^, 6v, of or belonging to

hunting ; fond of the chaae.

Orjpeio), to hunt, chase; catch in

hunting.

6r)pL-ov, ov, from d-fip, (a diminutive

in formation, but not in use,)

beast, animal ; wild beast.

0r}pi(i}5-r]s, 7]S, ej, full of wild beasts

;

brutal, savage, ferocious.

67](Tavp-6s, ov, in., a store, treasure;

store-house ; chest.

6vr](7K(i} (from stem âi*-), P. Oavoxi-

fxai, aor. Wavov, to die;perish.

SfTjT-ds, 6s, 6v, or i}, bv, subject to

death, mortal, human.Bbpii^-oi, ov, m., noise, din, uproar,

clamour.

Bpaaivw (see Oapptjvu)) , to encourage,

embolden : pass, to be bold ; be

confident in.

Opaff-is, eta, i5, bold, spirited ; fool-

hardy [audax) ; arrogant.

Oprjv-ôi, -Tjaos, to wail, lament.

dvydT7]p, dvyarpds (for duyaripoi),

a daughter.

dvfj.-6s, ov, m., the soul; life; breath;spirit ; courage

;passion ; heart,

(of the kindly feelings;) mind,(intellectually.)

6vp-a, as, /., door, entrance, gate.

Ovai-a, as, /., a sacrifice; vic-

tim.

Ovaid^-us, to sacrifice, offer a victim,

or gift.

dvio, F. dv(ju), p. riOvKa, aor. pass.

MOtjv, to make sacred offerings;

sacrifice ; celebrate.

0d)s, Ooibs, VI. or/., a jackal.

l6.op.ai, Idaofiai, to heal, cure.

larpiK'^ [sell, rtxyr)), properly the

fem. of larpiKbs, i\, bv, the medical

art, surgery; medicine.

larp-bs, ov, m., a surgeon, physician,

doctor.

ISr], rjs, /., Mount Ida, near Troy.

rSt-oy, a, ov [also -oi, -os, -ov], one's

own; private; peculiar.

ISwv, Ideip, &c., 2 aor. part, and inf.

of ftdov, (See also opdco.)

lep-eis, ius, m., a priest; sacri-

ficer.

lep-6s, a, ov {also -bi, -6s, -bv), sac-

red, consecrated, holy : rd iepd,

as 2î- subst, the victims; tiie in-

ternal parts of the victims ; andhence, the auspices.

'lOaK-^cn-os, a, ov, of or belonging

to Ithaca {e.g., Ulysses.)

[Kav-6s, 7], bv {^KW or Ikclvw), becom-ing, suitable ; sufficient for

;

satisfactory;

(of time,) consider-

able, pretty long.

IXi-os, ov, /., and "IKi-ov, ov, n..

Ilium, Troy.

fra, conj., that; in order that: as anadv. (of place,) in what place,

where ; to what place, whither.

'Ivax-os, ov, m., Inachus, a river of

A rgolis.

'I»'5-6s, ov, m., an Indian.

l-mr-eiiis, iuis, m., a horseman, rider;

knight.

liriroK6p,-os, ov, m., a horse-tender,

groom. It is properly an adjec-

tive of two terminations, -os, -or,

-ov, horse-tending.

?7r7r-o$, ov, m., a horse : lolien f., it

means either a mare, or a body of

cavalry {eciuitatus).

'I<rts, 'laiSos, /., Isis, an Egyptiangoddess.

t(r-os, rj, ov, equal, fair, impartial

;

level, flat, (of ground.)

X(TTr}pn, (see Irregular Verbs,) to

cause to stand, set up, or erect; to

set in order, or arrange ; to check,

stop; rouse, excite; establish. Thepres.j inipcrf., fut., and 1 aor.

active, are transitive; the other

tenses intransitive: the pres., in*-

per/., /ut., and 1 aor. mid., are

also sometimes transitive.

IcttI-ov, ov, n., a web; cloth; sheet;

sail.

Iffxvpus, a/lv., strongly; very maoh;exceedingly.

&<!«, adv., (from tffoi,) equally,

fairly;probably (the chances be-

ing equal), perhaps.

1^/cX-oj, ov, or 'l<piK\-rls, 4ous, m.,

Iphiclus, or Iphicles, father of

Protesilaus.

/X^s, oi, m., a fish.

rX>'-oj, eoi, n., a track, foot'step;

trace, mark.

'Id), 'loOs, /., lo, daughter of In*-

chus.

KK&yd, for Kal iyd, and I.

Kd.dfj.os, ov, m., Cadmus, a Phoeni-

cian, son of king Agenor, andbrother of Europa.

KaO', for Kard, before an aspirated

vowel.

KaBaipoj, F. KaOapQ, to make clean,

purify, cleanse, purge.

Kadapfia, Kaddpfiar-oi, n., that

which is removed by cleaning, off-

scourings ; a castaway, outcast,

worthless fellow.

KaOi^ofiai, F. KaOeSovfuu, to set

one's self down, sit down; sit

still ; encamp.

Ka0€ij5(i}, F. KaOev^Tjaw, imperf.

Ka0T]v8ov, or iKadevbov, to lie

down to sleep ; to sleep, rest, bestill.

KaOii^w, p. Kadlad}, Att. KaBiw, to

cause to sit down, seat, set : in-

trans. to sit down, be seated.

Ka6lr]fii {Kard, trj/ju—see trifii, Irreg-

ular Verbs), KaOrjcw, P. KaOeiKa,

to send or let down ; to reach.

KaBiKviofiai, f. KaOl^o/juii, to comedown, reach to, touch ; strike.

KaOiiTTafiai, and KaravirofjuL, v.

KaTaTrnqcofJUii, aor. KaTerrdfiTjp,

to fly down.Ka6i(rrr]/ju (see Xarijfu, Irregular

Verbs), to set down; set in order,

arrange, (as soldiers ;) station, ap-

point ; establish, confirm : intrans.

to settle.

Kol, conj., and, also.

Katv-6s, i}, 6t>, fresh, new; newlydiscovered; strange.

Kaip-6i, ov, m., due proportion (of

one thing to another); due mea-

sure (of time); anil hence, right

time, crisis, season, occasion, op-

portunity.

KoxTOt, adverhial ccmj., and yet, yet.

Kdiw, or Ka.u, F. KOLicbi, and koju-

aofujn, to kindle ; bum, scorch

;

(of cold,) pinch.

KdKtivoi, and he ; for koI iKexvo%.

KaKoSaifMuv, u», or, ill-fated; un-happy, ^vretched.

/ca/c-6s, i}, 6v, bad; ugly; cowardly;base, wicked, &c.

KaKwi, adv., badly, ill; like acoward.

KoXdw, F. KoK^ffw, {mid. ica\4aoftat),

Att. KoXw, to call, invite, sum-mon ; call by name.

Ka\\idi}nlS-7}s, ov, m., Callidemides.

KaWl-wv, uv, ov, compar. of KoKbs,

more beautiful, &c.

KdXk-os, (OS, w., beauty, comeli-

ness.

Ka\-6s, -fi, bv, beautiful ; seemly

;

honourable;good.

/caXtiSt-ov, ov, n. (from k£Ku)s), asmall cord.

*cdX-«j, w, m., a rope, sail-rope,

cable.

koXCjs, adv., beautifully; well.

Kdfj.^, for Kol ifj-i, and me.

Kafifi-iw, for Karafiuu, f. -iJcw, to

close the eyes ; nod, doze.

Kd/ivv, F. Kafiovfiai, aor. iKaftxv,

intrans. to be weary, tired ; to

be sick; afflicted: trant. to labour,

work.

K&v, for jco2 idp, and if.

Kdireibrj, for Ktd eiretSiy, and when;and as soon as.

xdri, for kolI iicL, and upon.

194 GEEEK VOCABTJLAHY.

Kipd, n., used only in the nom. andaccus. sing., the head, top, sum-mit.

Ka(rrwX-6j, oO, m., Castolus, a city

of Lydia.

rar', for Kard.

Kard, prep, governing gen. andaccus., down, or downwards. (1.)

With gen., down from; downover; towards; against; concern-

ing. (2.) With accus., down to,

or along (opposed to d^rf); through-

out ; in ; over ; at ; according to.

Karapalvu (see âlvw), to go down,descend.

KarafidWo) (see ^dXXw), to throwdown, strike down ; lay down, paydown.

KarayeXdci], f. KaTayeXdcro/Jiat., to

laugh down or at, deride, mock,jeer.

naTay-vv/M, p. xardfu, aor. Kariaâ,to break down or In pieces, shat-

ter; weaken.

Karaywrnôfiai, KaTaywulcrofiat, Kar-

ayutou/j-ai, to struggle against;

overpower, conquer.

KaraSuli-Kd), f. -|w, or-ô/j,ai, to huntdown

;pursue hard ; overtake

;

capture.

KaT-4.Sw, v.-q.(T(i}, and-4<ro/xat, to sing

to; to deafen by singing; to singin derision of one.

KaraicXlvio, p. KaraKXipQ, to lay

down ; cause to lie down : in

pass, to recline at table.

KaraXa/ipdvu, Ka.Ta.X-f)\j/ofiat., to seize

upon; hold down; check; over-

take, catch.

KaraXeliru, f. \f/(o, to leave behind,

Ibrsake, abandon ; allow.

Karaixd-u), -ffu, to close the eyes

;

drop asleep ; nod, doze.

KaTairi/jL-irw, f. -^w, to send down.KaTairrjMd), to leap down iVom.

*fara7rX^-TTU (or -irXi^cro-w), F. -^w, to

strike down; astoun'd ; terrify.

KaravXavT-iû), p. -laa, Att. -iw, to

make very rich, enrich.

Kardpar-oi, os, ov, accursed ; abo-

minable.

Ka.Ta.(TKev-d^<j), P. dou), to prepare,

furnish ; finish ; adorn.

Karaaotplô/xai., to overpower byfallacies; outwit, wheedle.

Karacxir-do), F. -data, to draw or dragdown.

Ko-Taaipu), to pull down; ravage,

plunder.

KararldTj/jii (see Irregtdar Verbs), to

put or lay down ; lay by, deposit

;

lay aside : mid. pay down.

KaTa(f)ip(i}, p. KOTolffw, to carry or

bring down; overtlirow, destroy.

Karatpei-yu, p. -ô/xai, to flee for re-

fuge, take refuge; escape.

KaratpX^-yu, f. -^w, to burn down,consume.

Kara<l>pov-iti), f. -t^ctw, to think downupon; i.e., to think little of, de-

spise.

KaTa(pp6vr](r-is, ews, /., contempt

;

overweening self-conceit.

Kareffdito (see i<rdi(o), to eat up,

{literally, eat down,) devour.

Kar^X'^ (•'Ce ^w), to hold down or

back, restrain;possess, occupy

;

seize, arrest.

Kdro) (Kard), adv., underneath, (op-

posed to &VU,] below;

(of time,)

afterwards.

KdrwOe, or, before a vowel, KdruCev,

from below ; below, beneath.

Kavx-dofiai, f. -^(xoîai, to speak

loud ; vaunt, boast, brag.

KeifjLai, 2d sing. Keicai., Bd, KeTrai,

F. Kelcro/xai, to be laid ; to lie, be

inactive.

Keipta, p. KepC), to cut short, crop,

clip, shave.

KeXeC-d), F. -<TU3, to drive on, urge,

impel ; order, command.K€v-6i, -f), 6v, empty ; fruitless, vain

;

bereft of.

Kepdwvfu, and -iJoi, p. Ktpdau, AltKtpQ, to mix, mingle.

Kipas, Kiparos [Kipus], n., a horn;bow ; wing of an army.

Kepavv-6(i3, f. -ibaw, to strike with a

thunderbolt, to blast.

KepStfi-os, a, w, bringing gain ; wily,

crafty.

GREEK VOCABULAKY. 195

tipKOi, ov, y., the tail of a beast,

[ovpi, is the more general term,

applicable to birds also.)

KfôX-^, 175, /., the head-

Kfpr-0%, ov, m., a garden.

Kr]p-6s, ov, m., bee's wax ; wax.

mjpO-TTO), or -caw, f. r»7pi/|w, to act

as herald ; make proclamation,

announce.

Ki6ap-lû), F. -Iffw, to play on the

cithara or harp.

icwSweiJ-w, -ffw, to incur danger, run

a risk.

Klv5w-oi, ov, TO., danger, risk,

hazard.

Ku>-iw, F. --fiau, to move, excite,

stir.

tiuiv, Klov-oi, m., a pillar ; some-times, like <m}X7j, a grave-stone.

xXa/u, Att. kK&w, f. Kkaiaofiat, to

weep, lament, wail; to weep for,

deplore.

Kkiapxoî ov, m., Clearchus, a

Greek general.

K\fti>-6s, 1}, 6p, glorious, famous,illustrious.

jcX^TrT-ijy, ov, m., a thief.

kXîtt-w, f. K\i-\f/-w, OT-0/j.ai, to steal;

cheat, beguile ; conceal ; do (a

thing) in an underhand way./cX%}-os, ov, m., a lot ; drawing of

lots ; the thing allotted.

kXip-'j}, p. kXwC}, to incline,

—

i.e.,

make to bend ; lay down, to re-

cline, lean ; draw to a close.

K\iffl-a, as,/., a tent, hut; a reclin-

ing place, couch.

icXoTr-Y), -rfi, f., theft, firaud.

rotXoj, t}, ov, hollow, hollowed,

concave.

Koifi-d(j),'--{)<T<i), to Itill to rest or sleep

:

in pass, to fall asleep ; lie abed,rest; die.

Koit>-6s, 1}, 6v, common, public,

general.

KoivuvL-a, as,/., communion, inter-

course, fellowship.

Ko\dio}, f. KoXdffOfjLcu, to check

;

chastise, punish.

if6Xo^, KdXaK-os, m., a flatterer,

fawner, parasite.

Ko\oi-6s, oO, m., a jackdaw {gracultu).

k6\v-os, ov, m. [sinxts], the bosom;the fold or lap of a robe ; a bay.

Ko\vft^-dcj, --^(Tu, to dive ; to jumpin and swim.

K6/j.-ri, r}s, /., the hair ; foliage of

trees.

KO/d^W, F. KOfdffti, Att. KOfuQ, to

take care of, tend, provide for;

to carry, bear ; bring.

Kovlû, F. Kovtffu, to render dusty

;

cover with dust.

Korpl-a, as,/, a dunghill.

k(itt-(i}, k6\}/u, to strike, smite; chopoflF; hammer, forge.

K6pa^, KbpaK-os, to., a raven, or

crow.

Kbp-11, 17J, /., a maiden, girl [pudla);

a daughter ; a doll ; a pupil of

the eye.

Kbpvs, K6pvO-os, /., a helmet: aecus.

Kbpvda, and Kbpw.

icopv<t)-fi, Tjs, /., the head, top, summitKOCfJL-i(t}, --qffu {Kbfffios), to arrange,

set in order ; adorn ; set oflf.

Kbfffi-os, ov, TO., order, decency

;

ornament, honour ; the world.

KOTv\-rj, 17s, /., a hollow vessel, cup

;

the socket of a joint ; an Athen-ian liquid measure = half a pint.

KovSeis, for koI ovSels, and no one.

Kovp-evs, i(i)s, m., a barber, hair-

dresser; gossip.

Kox^âs, ov, TO., a snail vrith aspiral shell.

Kpdû, F. Kexpdôfiai, aor. fKpaycp,

to croak ; scream ; clamour.

Kpdvl-ov, ov, the skull.

KpaT-iti), T^ffw, to be strong, power-ful ; to rule ; conquer.

Kpâs, Kpiaros, Att. Kpiws, flesh, acarcass.

KpdTToiv, uv, ov, irregular eompar.of ayaObs, stronger; braver; bet-

ter ; too great for.

Kp4fjia/iai, pres. pass, and mid. of

following.

Kpe/juivwfu, Kpe/juiffu, Att. Kpe/ui,

^s, ^, to hang up, suspend.

KpidT^, 17s, /..barley;generally used

in j)l. Kptdal.

196 GREEK VOCABULAKY.

Kplvfa, F. KpivQ, aor. ^Kpiva, to sepa-

rate, divide; select; judge, decide.

Kpi'bs, ov, m., a ram; battering-ram.

KDLT-r\s, ov, m., a judge, umpire.

Kpor-iu3, -^<t(j3, to make to rattle ; to

strike together, clap (hands.)

Kp6-os, eos, n.-i cold, chilling cold

;

frost.

Kpii-VTO), F. -ypu, to hide, cover,

conceal.

KTev-ijÔ}, -IcTO), to comb, curry.

KTTJ/xa, KTrjfiaTos, n., a possession,

jiroperty : jil. wealth, goods.

Kvêpv7)T--r}s, ov, m., a steersman,

pilot;guide.

KiiKKuxf/, Ki^kXwtt-os, m., a Cyclops,

or one-eyed monster.

Kv\iv8-i(i), F. -•)7<TW, for Kv\lv5c>}, to

roll, roll along.

KijXi.^, KivXiK-os, / , n cnp, drinking

vessel.

KvfjLa, k6pmt-os, n., the swell of the

sea, wave, billow.

Kvvr)y-6s, ov, dog-leading ; a hun-

ter.

K&ireW-ov, ov, n., a beaker, cup ; a

bellied drinking-vessel.

Kijpi-os, ov, m. , a lord, master, ruler

;

guardian.

Kvpos, ov, m., Cyrus. .

Ki'uv, Kvv6^, m. ory., a dog or bitch.

KLbp.-7], r]s, /., a village, country

town.

Kii)v-<i}\p, -wjroy, TO., a gnat, or mos-

quito.

Kd>iT-7], 77s, /., a handle.

Kucp-ds, -f), bv, blunt, obtuse ; dumb

;

deaf.

AA<£7-os, ov, m., Lagus, a Macedon-

ian, father of Ptolemy, king of

Egypt\ay-(bs, Xa7t6, to., a hare.

\a.dpd, adv., secretly, stealthily, un-

known to, treacherously.

\ai-d, Sj, y., the left hand. It is

properly the/cTO. of Xat6y [Iccvus),

and is almost entirely confined to

poetry.

Xai/i-6y, ov, m., the throat, gullet.

AaKeSaip-bvL-oi, ov, m., a Lacedae-

monian, a Spartan.

Xasr/f-w, F. XaKrlffO), to kick with

tliehec'l; tranipleon; knock, beat.

XaX-^w, F. T^crw, to talk, babble, cliat-

ter ; to indulge in incessant trifling

talk.

\d.\-oi, OS, ov, talkative, babbling.

Xafx^dpu, F. \-i']\f/o/xai, v. ei\7)(pa,

aor. Oâôv, to take ; receive;

catch, overtake, get; apprehend.

\ap,w-ds, \afMirdS-os, /., a torch,

lamp.

\afnrp-6s, d, ov, bright, brilliant,

gleaming, glancing.

"KavO-dvu), F. X'^crw, aor. f\a,6ov (Tât.

latere), p. XiXijOa, to escape no-

tice, to he unseen, unknown, bt

concealed.

Xa-6s, ov, TO. {Aft. Xt(iy, Xeti), the

people at large; a people, tribe, or

nation.

\âip-a, 7]^,/-, a lioness.

Xi^/Sijs, 'Kiîp-os, TO., a caldron, or

kettl»; urn ; vase.

X^w, F. X^|w, to lay ; lay in order,

arrange; choose, jiick out; count,

tell; say, speak: Xêroi, inqters.,

it is said.

\eifi<S)v, Xeip.wi'-os, to., a meadow;holm.

XeF-or, a, op, also -oj, -oj, -ov, smooth(Lat. la;vis, or Icvis), level.

\eliru3, F. Xeiû), aor. fKivov, P.

XAonra, to leave ; fail ; be defi-

cient.

AeopTip-os, ov, TO., a native of Leon-

tium, in Sicily.

Xt7rT-6s, )}, 61* (X(?7rw, to peel), peeled

off; licnce, fine, thin, lean.

\evK-bs, -fi, 6p, light, bright, clear,

white.

X^cjp, \ioPT-os, TO,., a lion.

Xetiy, Xew, Attic form of \a6s, the

people.

OKEEK VOCABULARY. 197

\.eu<p6p-ot, OS, ov, bearing people

;

crowded : as subst. a highway, a

thoroughfare.

A^5-a, -as, (or-i7J,)/., Leda, motherof Helen, Castor, and Pollux.

A-Ô-T], r]s, /., Lethe, the river of

oblivion in the lower world. Asa common noun, forgetfulness,

oblivion.

Xjo-r-^s, od, m., a robber, pirate.

Xtav, adv., very, very much, ex-

cessively.

\i0-os, ov, m., a stone ; gem.Xi/iî*, Xi/iiy-oi, m., a harbour, haven,

place of refuge.

XLfjjf-T], tjs,/., a lake, pool ; marsh.

\iH-bs, ov, m., hunger; famine.

XifjiWTTO), or Xifiwaau), to be hungry

;

to be starved, to famish.

Xorfiôficu, F. XoylffOfwx, or Xorfiov-

fuu, to calculate ; consider ; con-

clude.

Xo7((r/x-6s, 0?, m., a calculation,

reckoning, account.

Xby-oi, ov, m., a word ; speech ; rea-

son ; account;praise.

\oiZop-i(a, "fyxti, to rail at, revile, re-

proach.

Xot/i-6y, ov, m., a plague, pesti*

lence.

\onr-6s, 17, 6t>, remaining, the rest.

Xov-w, -<r, to wash, cleanse ; bathe.

AiiSl-a, as, /., Lydia, a district of

Asia Minor.

Av^6s, ov, m., a Lydian.

XvK-os, ov, ra., a wolf.

AvKoDpy-os, ov, nu, Lycurgus.

Xv/jLoivofiai, p. pass. XeXiufiaur/xai, to

cleanse one's self: also, to out-

rage, maltreat, injure.

Xwr-^w, -ijffw, to cause pain, grieve,

distress.

XvTT-i], rjs,/., pain, grief.

Xvirr]p-6s, d, 6», painful; grievous

;

troublesome.

XvffireX-ids, "fiaa, to benefit, profit.

Xv-(a, F. Xvau, v. XAvko, to loose,

unbind, set free, release, dis-

miss.

Xif<TT-os, r„ ov (X(ic<rroi), sttper. of

ayadbs, (Xwfw*', X(^<rros,) more de-

sirable, better.

M

I

(ui^-a, or fia^-a, r)i, /., a cake (of

barley mL-al.) (See iproi.)

(laOifT-ifis, ov, m., a learner, pupil,

disciple.

Mat-a, as,/, {ifaia), daughter of At-

las, and mother of Hermes.

fmivQfwx, F. fjLovovfjLai, p. fiifxijva {(is

2'res.)., to rage, be anjcry.

ftai-do/iai, F. (bffofiai, to act as a

midwife, deliver.

fialurp-a, -up, n. pi,, midwife's wagesor fee.

(laKoplû, to pronounce happy ; to

bless, congratulate.

lioKp-hs, a, ov, long ; deep ; broad

;

extensive, large.

yAXa, adv., very, very much.lLaiKaK-6s, i}, bv, soft, gentle, light

;

tender, delicate.

ndXtiTTO, adv., most of all, especi-

ally, {superl. of fidXa.)

fiaXXor, adv., more, more especially,

[compar. of/zdXa.)

fiavOdvu, F. fjLadâofiat, aor. ffiaOov,

to learn, understand ; notice, per-

ceive.

MavTivei-a, as, /., Mantinea, a townin Arcadia.

fidvT-is, fidvT-eus, m., a diviner, seer,

prophet.

fiaaTiy-bo), f. tbco}, to whip. flog.

/idrai-os, a, ov, also -os, -os, -ov,

foolish ; idle ; trifling.

pArriv, adv. [fnistra), in vain, fruit-

lessly ; at random.

fidxcu-p-a, as, /., a large knife ; a

short swi rd ; dagger.

t^X'V) V^j f-i battle, fight, combat.

fmxofuu, fiaxô/iai, engage in bat-

tle, to fight; quarrel.

/j-iya, adv., greatly; neuter of fiiyas.

lieydXus, adv., greatly, exceedingly.

fi^a^, fieydXr], fUya (see p. 46),

great, large.

fiedi<TTr]fj.i, to change the position of;

to remove (from one place to

another), to flit.

fiedvffKO), F. fiedOffu, to make drunk,

intoxicate.

uel^-cov, (iiv, ov, compar. of fiiya^,

greater, larger.

HeipoLKi-ov, ov, n., dimin.from /jieTpa^,

a boy, lad, stripling.

fieip'aKlcTK-os, ov, m., a lad, boy,

youth.

fielpo/xai, aor. ifipiopov, p. ^/nfiopa,

to receive as one's due ; be allot-

ted. In perf. and pluperf. pass,

etfiaprai, and etjiapro, it is al-

lotted, destined, fated.

lie\ayxo\(i(i), to be melancholy-mad.\i.iKa.s, fiiXaiva, pi.i\av, black, dark,

obscure.

fiAet, impers., it is for a care; it

concerns {est curce mihi.)

\i-iKi; jJ-fKiT-os, 11., honey.

y-iXiTT-a, [or-ffffa,) rjs, /., a bee[apis.)

MeXtrai-os, a, ov, Maltese : fromMcX^TTj, Malta.

fiiXXu, F. /xeW-^ffu, aor. unth double

augment, rj/j,{\\r](Ta, to be about

to do, purpose ; to delay, loiter.

/ii\-oi, eos, «., a limb, member

;

also a song, strain, music.

(jLiixvTjiiai., p. pass, of lUfiv^ffKU, to

remember, (which see.)

fii/jLipofiai, F. /j.ifi\l/onai, to blame,find fault with, complain of.

fiiv, conj. adv., [responded to by S^,)

in the first place, on the one hand

:

h fiiv, the one ; 6 5^, the other

:

01 iiiv, some ; ol S^, others.

MevAd-oj, ov, m., Menelaus, hus-

band of Helen, and king of Lace-

daamon.

Miviirir-oi, ov, m., Menippus, a Cynicphilosopher.

(lim-oi, adv., certainly, indeed, as-

suredly for that matter.

fxivu, r. fi€vS), aor. ffieiva (Lat.

maneo), to stand fast, remain,

abide.

M^vwp, Mivui/oi, m., Menon, a

Thessalian, one of the leaders of

the Greeks in the expedition of

Cyrus the younger.

fiip-os, eos, «., a part, Bhare, por-

tion, division.

fiep-l^w, F. Iffw, Att. -tw, to divide,

share, distribute, apportion.

fii(j-os, 1], ov [medius), middle ; in

the middle ; middling, moderate.

/j.€<TT-6s, "f), 6v, full, filled with,

sated ; wearied.

ixeri, prep., governing accus., gen.,

arid dat., in the midst of, among,between ; into the midst of ; after.

It governs the dat. in poetry only.

fiera^dWii), to throw round; change,

alter ; turn back.

Herdka/ipdvu (see Xa/ipdvw), to re-

ceive a share of, partake ; assume.

fxera^^, adv. {/ierd), in the midst of,

between ; meanwhile, whilst.

/leTaTripLTTUf, to send one after an-

other : mid. to send for one, sum-mon.

HeroLKiio, to change one's residence,

remove.

/lerpidTTji, fJLerpi&rTjT-os, /., modera-tion, the middle course, temper-

ance.

fierplon, adv., moderately, temper-

ately ; enough.

fj.-^,adv., not (in dependent clauses,

and in independent clauses giving

a command; hence, with imperat.

and subjunct. :) also a conj.—lest,

that not, whether.

firi^i (neque), nor, neither; not even.

/xTjSety, fjLrjSe/ila, fir)S^v {fj.r]Si, eh),

not even one, no one, none.

firjSiTTco, adv., nor as yet; not as

yet ; by no means.

fi-flKicn-os, ri, ov {jirJKOi, length),

supcrl. of fiaKpSs, longest, tallest

:

as an adv., in the highest degree.

fi^\-ov, ov, n. {malum), an a])ple ; a

fruit-tree. t4 firjXa {mdla), the

cheeks.

fi-^v, adv. (vera), indeed, truly, in

sooth, verily.

fiT^v, nt/v-Ss, m., a month; themiwn.

Hijn-y^, fji-tinyy-oi, /., a membrane;

the membrane of the brain.

H-qTrip, /tip-pAs, /. (see p. 28), a

mother.

fuip-6s, a, OP, stained, defiled, pol-

luted, filthy: as a aubsL, worth-

less wretch.

Mi5-a9, ov, m., Midas, a king of

Phrjgia.

fiiKfhds, d, 6v, small, little, tiny,

irapd fUKp6v, nearly, almost.

fufurr)<iKW, F. yjrffffw, to remind, re-

call to one's memory : mid. moreusual : p. pass, aspres., fj.i)jjrrifj.cu,

I remember : subjunct. fUfwufiai

:

opt. fu/JLVT^fir]P, or fUfjLyiffniP.

fila-id), F. Tjaw {juaos, hatred], to

hate, abhor.

fuffd-6s, ov, wages, pay, hire, re-

ward.

fivTj/xovevo), to remember, call to

mind ; to remind one.

luXp-a, as, /., properly a part or

portion ; hence, one's lot, fate,

destinr>

ftSv-oi, rj, or, alone, only, solitary.

fwpfioXvKei-oi', ov, n., a hobgoblin,

bugbear.

/iiffX-os, ov, TO. or/., a young shoot:

hence, oflfepring ; a calf, a youngbull, a heifer.

Moi/<r-a, »;i,/.. The Muse, goddess of

music, poetry, &c. There werenine Muses.

fUMaiKwi, (ufr., musically; elegantly.

fiOxOvp-ii} <^ ^"j subject to hard-

ship, distressed, afflicted, wretched;

troublesome.

fwX^-ii, oO, m., a lever, crow-bar,

bar, or bolt.

fivl-a, as, /., a fly.

fjLVKT-^p, fivKTTjpoi, m., the nose : pi.

the nostrils.

fivXdiv, fwXQy-os, m., a place for a

mill, a mill-house, a mill.

fwpi-oi, at, a, ten thousand.

fwpur]^, fivpfj.r]K-os, m., an ant.

/xCs, /jLV-os, m. (see p. 26), a mouse.

fiupalvu, to be silly, foolish ; to play

tke fooL

Nfat, adv., yea, verily, yes, ay.

fd-ds, ov, m., (AU. vetSn—see p. 21,)

a dwelling; especially, z. temple.

favdyi-u, -fiau, to be shipwrecked;to go to ruin.

vaSJs, yedis, /., a ship.

va&r-Tis, ov (navta), m., a seaman,sailor; a voyager by sea.

vedvL-as, ov, m., a young man, youth.

vidvlffK-os, ov, m., a youth, a youngman {under forty).

Net\-oj, ov, m., the Nile.

r€Kpix-6s, Tj, bv, belonging to the dead.

V€KpcnrofjLir-bs, 6s, 6v, conducting the

dead; ghost-conductor.

V€Kp-bs, ov, m., a dead body, corpse.

riKTap, viKTap-os, n., nectar, the

drink of the gods.

'SefU-d, aj, /., Nemea, a town andforest in Argolis. rd 'S^fiea, n.pl.,

the Xemcan games.

viiui, F. veiM, aor. iveifia, to dlstri--

bnte, apportion, assign: mid. to

possess ; inhabit ; enjoy ; to feed

or tend cattle.

peiryafi-os, or, op, newly married.

yi-os, a, op, also -os, -os, -op, young,new, fresh.

peoAKiu, to haul up a ship on land.

vewvTjT-os, OS, OP, newly bought.

peiis, P€w, m. (see p. 21, art. 9),

Attic form of pobs, a temple.

p(urrep-os, a, op, compar. of pios,

younger, more fresh, more recent.

p^, affirmative adv., used in assevera-

tions; as, VT] Ala, "by Zeus."Kijxi-oj, a. OP, also -os, -os, -op, not

speaking (infant); »'.«., veryyoung:hence, childish, sUly.

'Stiprjts, ISrjpTjtd-os, /., a Nereid, sea

nymph.PTJff-os, ov, f., an island.

piK-dbi, -lieu, to conqoer, prevail,

gain, win.

vIk-ti, 17s, /., victory, conquest, supe-

riority.

Nrc-os, ov, /., Nineveh.

vo/i-evs, ^wj, m., a sliepherd, herds-

man.

vofi-Tj, Tji, /., pasture, food, (like

fo/xAs.)

vofjLiû}, F. vofxiaw, Alt. vofiiQ, to

regard as a custom; to believe,

think, suppose, consider; acknow-ledge.

v6fj.-os, ov, TO., a usage, custom, law;

but vofibs, pasture.

f6-os, ov, m. (contr. vov^), the mind,

head, intellect, reason.

voffi-u, fjffu), to be sick, to ail, suffei

from disease {v6(ros).

voOs, gen. vov, m., (eontr. for vbos,)

the mind.

vv/xcp-Tj, 775, /., a bride; a nymph.vvfKpL-os, a, ov, marriageable: as a

subst., a bridegroom, husband.

vvv, adv., now, at this very time

[nunc),

vvv, now; well now, (the now of

sequence;) then, thereupon.

vv^, vvKT-bs, f. [nox), night, dark-

ness.

ywxeX i^y, 175, h, moving slowly,

sluggish, dull.

âlvui, F. âvC), to scratch; comb,card.

âvdiinr-T], r]s,f., Xantippe, wife of

Socrates.

iâv9-6s, •)}, 6v, yellow, auburn, fair,

blonde (as applied to hair).

^€vi-a, as, /., hospitality; the right

of hospitinm, as between states or

individuals.

^cvoKpdT-7}s, eos [ovs), Xenocrates,

a pliilosopher.

^^v-os, ov, in., a guest-friend, stran-

ger ; also a host, entertainer.

êvo(f>wv (see p. 30), Xenophon, a

distinguished Athenian, famed as

a philosopher, writer, and mili-

tary commander.^rjp-6s, d, 6v, dry, dried up, withered,

parehed.

^l<p-os, eos, n., a sword.

^vKov, ov, n., wood, timber ; a piece

of wood.

^vvovaL-a, or avvovaia, as, /., a

friendly meeting ; intercourse;

society.

^vp-6v, ov, n., a razor.

o6, 7), t6, tlie article this, the. (See

p. 21.)

6ô\-6s, ov, m., an obol, a coin worthabout three-halfpence.

oyK-do/iai, rjôîai, to bray (like an

ass). Comjjare d-onk-ey.

6S-6s, ov, /., a way, path, road ; ex-

pedition ; way or means.

ddovs, 6d6vT-os, TO., a tooth.

ddvpo/xai, to wail, mourn, lament.

'05v(T<T-e\js, iws, Ulysses, king of

Ithaca (fiodie, Theaki).

&d€v (utide), adv., whence, fromwhence; from whom, &c.

olda, I know; a jierf. vnlTi pres. sig-

nification. (See elSov, dMvon,and Irregular Verbs.)

olKh--7js, ov, TO., an inmate of one's

house ; a house-servant, domestic,

menial, slave.

old-a, as,/., a house, abode; house-

hold, &c.

oIkISc-ov, ov, n., dimin. from otKot,

a little house.

of/cot, adv., at home [domi).

oTk-os, ov, TO., a house, dwelling.

ot/xai, contr. for oto/xai.

oiixwy-il, ^y, /., weeping and wailiug.

olfuiû, F. ol/juaôfuu, to wail, la-

ment, pity.

olfoi, ov, m., wine.

otyoxf>-os, ov, m., pouring out wine

;

cup-hcarer.

<ôficu, F. oliôfuu, aor. ifffiiff, to

suppose, consider, judge.

ot-oi, a, ov, such as [gudli^ ; of

what sort.

oT-oi, tj, o», alone, only.

Oir-ij, 17s, /., Oilta, a mountain in

Thessaly.

oixo/JLat, F. olxôfuu, imperf. ifiX'

6fiTlv, to be gone ; to have gone

;

to die.

6\idpL-os, oj, ov, destructive, deadly,

fatal.

6\iy-os, 17, ov, few, little, small.

oXicds, 6Xxdd-o;, /., a ship of burthen,

a merchantman.S\-os, rj, ov, whole, perfect, complete.

SKws, adv., wholly, altogether ; in

short.

'OXi/îridy, 'OXi;;xirid5-os, f., an in-

habitant of Olympos ; a goddess

:

in pL the contests at the Olympicgames.

'0/xr]p-os, ov, m., Homer.6/itX-ew, ^w, to be together ; asso-

ciate with, mix with.

dfiyvfu, F. dfwvftai, P. dfttlifioKa, to

swear, affirm by oath.

ofwyev--^s, ^j, is, of the same family,

akin.

Sfjioi-os, a, ov, like, resembling, simi-

lar ; common.ofxoius, adv., in like manner, simi-

larly.

6fi6v€Kp-os, OS, ov, companion in

death, fellow-gho<t.

b/jLirrexy-oi, os, ov, of the same art orcratt. fellow-workman.

ifi6:f'r]<p-oi, OS, ov, voting with, sid-

ing with ; being a party to.

'Ofup£K-ri, rjs, /., Omphale, queen of

Lydia.

6fx<j>a^, ifjLipaK-os, f. , an unripe grape.

ivap, n., used in nam. and acctis.

sing. only, a dream : the other

cases are supplied by 6veipos,

with irreg. pi. ovtipara.

dveiS-li'u, F. Iffu, to cast reproaches

on one ; revile, reproach, upbraid.

dvbnifu, F. dvfyru, 2 aor. midujvi/lfir]v, or uvdfirjv, opt. ovalfjLijv,

to profit, benefit : mid. to have

. the advantage of, be a gainer.

Svofta, dv6/jM,T-oi, n,, name; fame,

reputation.

ovo/Ji-dl^ti}, F. -dffo3, to name; address

by name.

6vos, ov, m. andyi, an ass.

6^60vft-os, 01, ov, quick-tempered,

passionate, irascible.

6|-iJs, eta, 1/, sharp, pointed ; acute,

(of pain;) pungent, (in taste;)

hasty, passionate; swift

6{(5xoX-os, OS, ov, quick to anger,

passionate.

inrlau, adv., behind, backwards, (of

place ;) hereafter, (of time ;) again,

oxot-os, a, av, of what kind or qua-

lity [qxtalis).

ot6c-os, 17, ov (suofj, how many; as

many as.

inrT-axii, ijffw, to roast, broil ; fry

;

bake,

({(rroiuu), F. Sjpofuu, I shall see.

(See 6pdu.)

Srui, conj., how, in what way; so

that ; when, as soon as.

bp6.(j3, imperf. iuipuiv, F. 6ij/0fMU, P.

ewpdjca and edpdxa, pass. aor.

<S<pdT]v, p. pass, ewpafuu andH/ji/juu, to see, look at, observe;think; understand.

(5/ry-tfw, F. Iffu, Alt. -iw, to makeangry, irritate, provoke : mid. beangry.

dpOQs, adv., right ; safe, well ; truly,

really.

op-lû, -lau, Att. -lu [5pos, a bound-ary), to set a limit, separate from;to bound, determine, define.

6pfi-du, •ij<r&>, to set in motion ; urgeon, excite: intrans. to hurry,

rush ; set out ; make an effort

6pv€-ov, ov, n., = 6pvii, a bird.

flpws, 6pvid-oi, m. or/, (seep. 32), a

bird, fowl ; hen ; omen.5p-os. COS, rt., a mountain ; hill; cbaiji

ofhiiia.

6po<f>-oi, ov, m., a roof.

Sfrrv^, 6f>Tvy-os, m., a quail.

'Op(p-eOs, ^ws, m., Orpheus.

6px-iofiai, F. -^(TOfMi, to dance

;

leap, bound.

8s, ij, 8, relative pron., who, which,

that {qui) : 6s, 17, 6v, possessive,

his, her's, its.

offdKis, and ocaKt, adv., as often as.

6ff-os, 71, ov, how many, how much[quantus) ; as many as, as much as.

Sairep, ijirep, Hirep, which very one[qui quidem) ; which indeed ; who(you must know).

dari-ov, ov, contr. dcrrovv, pi. dcxria,

contr. (Jcrra, a bone.

Saris, ^Tis, 8ti (written sometimes 8,

i), gen. ovrivos, ijcmvos, &c., Att.

gen. 8tov, dat. 8T(p, whosoever,

whichsoever : interrog. who, what.

Srav, adv. (for 8t' &v, i.e., Sre 8.v),

whenever, as soon as.

fire, adv., when; since; seeing that.

8ti, conj., that, because.

oil, adv., not. ov is used before

consonants, ovk before unaspirated

vowels, and oiix before aspirated

. vowels ; as, ov X^w, ovk idu, oixopdu.

oiidafiQs, adv., by no means, in nowise.

oi)5^ [ov 5^, but not ; and not ; not

even.

ovdels, oiiSe/ila, oiiS^p [ovS^ ets), not

even one, no one, none.

ovdeiroTe, adv., and not ever, never.

ovbiiru, adv., and not yet, not as yet.

OVK, not. (See ov.)

oiiKiri,, adv., no more, po further,

no longer.

oHkow, adv., not therefore; so not;not then ? But ovkovv, therefore,

then, accordingly, [losing the nega-

tive /orce.)

oZv, adv., then, therefore, accord-

ingly, consequently.

oip-6,, as, /., the tail of beasts, birds,

&c.; (a more general term than

KipKos, which see.)

oCipav-o";, ov, m., heaven, the firma-

ment of heaven.

o5$, (bros, n., the ear; a handle or

ear of a jar, &c.oCre {ov ri), and not ; neither, nor.

oStis, oihivos {oil rls), not any one,

no one. .4s proper name, Odris,

accus. oUtiv, Nobody, Noman.oCtos, avTT] TovTo (see p. 57), this

{hie), this well known (person.)

ovToai, avT7]l, rovrl {hicce), this manhere, this identical individual.

ovTu, or ovrus (before a vowel),

adv., in this manner, thus.

oiix, adv., not. (See 06.)

6(p€l\u}, F. 6<peL\ri(TW, to owe, be in

debt for (something), to be under

an obligation ; to bp bound;doomed, destined.

6(f)6a,\fi-6s, av, m., the eye.

6(j3-is, ews, m., a serpent, snake.

5(pXrjfj.a, dtfA-^/xar-os, n., a fine, a

debt.

6xX-os, ov, m., a crowd of people,

tlie populace, mob.6\{/-is, ews, /., a sight, appearance,

vision ; face ; eye-sight.

8\p-ov, ov, n., boiled meat; flesh

(generally) ; anything taken with

bread or flesh, as vegetables, fish,

&p.

nirci7KaX-os, 7), ov, or -os, -os, -ov, all

beautiful ; all good.

raiSev-u, -au, to bring up a child;

train, teacli, educate.

iraioiov, ov, n., a young child, little

child, infant.

Ilairiwv, Tlai-fjovos, or Tlaidv, or

llatt.')!', I'ajon, the physician of

tlie gods.

Trais, iraiS-Ss, vi. or /., a child (boy

or girl)i

boy, youth j /. a girl, «

slave.

I

ralu, F. vaiffw [vcui^u)], to strike,

smite, knock.

raXa(-6;, d, ov, old, aged, ancient,

antiqae ; venerable.

ira\al<TTp-a, as, /., a palaestra,

wrestling school, gymnasium.rdXiv, a<^v.,back, backwards; again,

afresh.

irdXXtij, to wield, brandish, swing.

TrafXfieyid-T]s, rjs, es, very great.

Ilav6ir-Ti, rjs, /., Panop^.Tavovpy-os, oy, ov, ready for any-

thing ; knavish, roguish, vil-

lanous, crafty ; up to every-

thing.

raw, adv., altogether, entirely.

trap' for irapd.

wa.pd, prep., governing accut., gen.,

and dat. (see p. 34), beside.

With accus., along, beside, to

;

with gen., from beside, from, bymeans of; with dat., beside, near,

at, among.vapa^dWu (see /SctXXu), to throw

beside, or to;give

;put side by

side, compare ; deliver.

irapaylyvofiai (see yiyvofuu), to benear ; to be present ; stand byone, support.

irapd5fia--os, ov, m., a park; pleasure

grounds;paradise.

xapa5i8<i}fu, to hand over, give up,

deliver;grant, bestow.

xapd8o^-oi, OS, ov, contrary to ex-

pectation ; strange, incredible.

irapaKaX-iu, i<jw, to call to one

;

send for, invite ; entreat ; exhort

;

encourage.

xapaXafi^dvu, to receive &om an-

other ; receive ; undertake.

xapakoyl^ofioi, to calculate wrong;cheat.

vapafiiviis, to stay with, remain,

abide.

rapa/jLvdiofuii, to encourage, exhort

;

console, soothe.

wapdrai' (xapA itSj'), adv., altoge-

ther, entirely.

vapairi/xiru, to send past ; escort,

conduct, convoy ; despatch.

rapdffir-os, os, ov, eating at an-

(128)

other's table ; hence, a flatterer,

parasite.

xaparelvu), to stretch beside;pro-

tract ; extend ; defer.

xaparldrj/ju, to place beside; hold

forth ; propose ; intrust.

irapei-d, a.s, f., the cheek.

xdpeifu (see Irregular Verbs], to bebeside, present, at hand.

wdpeifu (see Irregular Verbs), to goby, or past

;pass over ; come

forward.

xap4x(^ (see ^«), to hold in readi-

ness ; afford, furnish, supply.

xapdiv-os, ov, f., a maid, maiden.

raplyjfu (see Irregular Verbs], to

let fall beside ; let pass ; omit,

neglect.

ndpis, HdpiS-os, and Hdpios, m.,

Paris, son of Priam.

-raploTTifju (see Irregular Verbs], to

place near; present:2>as3. to stand

near or by ; assist.

Hap/ievluv, JIaf. fji.evl(i}v-os, m., Par-

menio, one of the generals of

Alexander.

xapoUT-7)s, ov, TO., a passer-by, tra-

veller, wayfarer.

Ttdpob-os, ov, f., a way past or

through, passage : h Tap68(fi, bythe way, in passing.

vapotK-iu, i}(rw, to dwell beside, live

near.

ras, raaa, tSlv (see p. 45), all, the

whole, any, every.

TaffT-bs, ov, m.. a bed-chamber,

irdffxw, F. xeliroixai., aor. ixdOo*

[pdti, from patior], p. viwovda,

to suffer, endure ; to be treated.

Trardcrffw, xord^w, to beat, knock,

strike, wound.TaT-4u), fyrta, to tread, walk ; tra-

verse ; trample on.

xar-fip, irarpos, (see p. 28), m., afather : in pi. parents, forefathers.

warpls, iraTpiS-os, /. (patria), one's

native country, fatherland.

iravw, F. iraiffu, to put an end to,

stop, allay : intrans. and mid. to

cease, give over, desist.

T^5-i7, rjs, f. (jpe<f»ca), fetters.

14

204 GKBEK VOCABULARY.

reit-of, ov, n., a plain, a flat coun-

try.

Teldo), P. jreftrw, 2 aor. ^tI'ôj', to

persuade, prevail on, (governs

accjis.) : in mid. to persuade one's

self, believe, trust to; obey, lis-

ten to, (governs dat.)

veip-a, as, /., a trial, attempt, ex-

jH'i'iment.

veip-do), F. -dad) {hut mid. ireipd-

o/xai more used), to try, attempt,

strive.

iriXay-os, eos, n. [pelagus), the opensea, tlie ocean.

viXeK-vs, ews, m., an axe, hatchet.

w^fiiru, P. iripApu}, 1'. iriirop.cpa, to

send ; let go, dismiss.

iriv7]s, Tfivrf-os, m., a day-labourer;

a poor man.

wivre, indecl., five.

iriireip-os, os, ov, ripe, mellow, ma-ture.

wep-du), -o.(T<i), to force (a passage)

tla-ough;

pass through or over;

cross;

penetrate ; reach : hxit

irepdii}, P. irepa<r(i}, to carry over

sea for sale ; to sell.

wepl, prep., governing accus., gen.

and dat, all round, about, near;

concerning.

irepi^dWu), to throw around, sur-

round;put on, (of clothes, &c.)

irepiylypofuit, to overcome, surpass,

be over and above ; remain

;

escape ; survive.

irepi5-4(i}, ijo-w, to bind round, band-

age.

jrept^w, to hold all round, embrace,

surround, encompass ; hold onby ; surpass.

HepiKXrjs, TlepiK\4ovi (see'HpaKX^s),

m., Pericles, a celebrated Athen-ian.

wtpifiivbt, to wait for one, await,

expect.

irepiirXiKu, to fold around, cling to,

embrace.

wepnr60riT-os, os, ov, much longed

for, much loved or desired.

rrepL<f)ipo), to carry round or about,

revolve.

irepixô}, F. irepixeQ, to pour roundor over ; to spread out.

Il€p<Te<p6v-r}, rjs, f. , Persephone [Pro-

serpine], wife of Hades, and queenof lower world.

Hiparjs, ov, m., Perses. (See p. 14,

5 (2), and p. 16, note.)

H4pa7is, ov, m., a Persian. (See p.

16, note.)

irh-p-a, as, /., a rock, a ledge of

rock ; while trirpos means a piece

of rock, a (small) stone.

ttJ, indef., somehow ; some place,

somewhere : interrog. irrj, how,what way ; whither, where.

irrpf-^, rjs, /., a fountain, spring,

well ; source.

TT'ffyvvfiL and vriyvioi, P. irijfw, p.

iriinjya, to make fast, fix, fasten

;

stiffen.

irT]S-d, ijcrw, or -i^cropui, to spring,

bound, leap ; throb.

HrjXeijs, U.r]\îx)s, m., Peleus, father

of Achilles.

v/jXIk-os, 7], ov, how great, howlarge, of what size.

irrip-a, as, /., a leather pocket, wal-

let, scrip.

w^pucr-is, ews, /., maiming of the

limbs or senses ; blindness.

TTid^d}, to lay hold of, catch.

wLd-os, ov, m., a wine-jar, flagon,

jar.

viKpus, adv., from iriKpSs, bitterly,

severely ; sadly ; harshly.

Trf/ieX-i^s, T^s, ^s, fat.

vivaKls, TTivaKlS-os, /., a little tablet,

memorandum-book.xlvci), P. irlo/xai and irioup.ai, p.

iriwtjJKa, to drink.

TiirpdaKti}, p. vepaffct), P. viirpaKO,

to sell. (See vepdu, irepdau.)

irivTtj), p. ireaovp-ai., 2 aor. iire<TOV,

V. irdwTuiKa, to fall, fall down.iriffrev-u, au), to trust to, have con-

fidence in, believe ; obey.

7ri<rr-6r, tJ, 6v, trustworthy, faithfal,

true.

iTLaT-dd), -d)ff(i}, to make trustworthy,

confirm faith : mid. give mutual

pledges ; give security.

GEEEK VOCABULAKY, 206

IIt7Tojc-6», oO, m., Pittacus, one of

seven wise men of Greece.

nXdrctT, nXdrwjôj, m., Plato.

irXeicT-os, tj, Of, superL of voXvs,

most, very much.x\ei (ov, UP, ov, corner, of icokvs,

more, greater.

tXc/c-w, f. v\i^(i), to twine, twist,

plait, weave ; devise.

r\i-<j3, F. -KKevcoiuxL, to sail, travel

bj sea.

irX^-ciji', uv, ov, for rXeton', (which

see.)

ir\yjy-r}, ijj, /., a blow, stroke ; ca-

lamity, plague. (Lat plaga.)

v\r,d-oi, cos, n., a great number,crowd, multitude.

irX^p, adv. or prep., besides, except,

save ; more than, over, beyond.

s-XijTT-w, or v\T)ff<i-<i), F. v\i)û, P.

vivX-rjya, to strike ; wound.irXot-oi', ov, n., a ship, merchantman.

transport ; boat.

B-X6-0S, contr. v\o\Js, gen. v\ov, andlater irXooj (of Zd Declension), a

sailing, voyage.

irXoi/cri-os, a, ov, wealthy, rich.

rXoirr-^w, T^ffci), to be rich.

xXoirr-ijw, Iffu, Att. -iQ, to makerich, enrich.

nXoi>7-wj', JJXo&ruv-oi, m., Pluto,

god of nether world.

TTvi-bi, F. Tvetjffu, or Tvevaofuu, to

blow, breathe.

TvLy-d}, F. Tw'|w, to choke, suffocate,

stifle, drown.ir6dev, adv., whence ? by what

means ? how ?

TPot^ adv., whither (= ywo ; but vrj

= gwi.) TO* x^<"'"5s, to whatpart of earth, (like ubi terrarum.)

troi-ica, F. rfyru, to make, produce,

cause, eflfect, bring to pass.

woirfT-^s, ov, m., (Zjferafly, a maker),

a poet, writer.

Toifji^v, TTOifJiiv-oi, ffi., a herdsman,shepherd.

rdfivi-ov, ov, n., a herd of cattle,

fli^ck of sheep.

Toi-os, a, ov, {f/ualit), of what kind,

of what nature.

vo\ifu-os, a, ov [also -ot, -of, -op],

belonging to war, hostile : ol

roXifuoi, the enemy.

v6\efM-os, ov, m., a battle, fight,

war.

ir6X-is, eus, /., a city; state, re-

public.

iroXiV-ijj, ov, m.. a member of the

body politic, citizen ; freeman.

ToWdxis, adv., many times, often,

frequently.

T6\v6fjLfw.T-os, OS, ov, many-eyed.

roXvs, ToXX^, iroXy (see p. 46),

many, (opposed to 6\lyos;) much;great. The neut sing, and pi.

are often used as adverbs.

UoXviprjfi-os, ov, m., Polj-phemns,

one of the Cyclopes, and son of

Neptune.

vov-io}, "fiffu, to toil, labour ; be af-

flicted, distressed.

rovTip-6s, d, 6v, {literaUi/, causing

pain), painful, hurtful ; worthless,

bad, wicked.

Topev-u), aw, to caase to go, bring,

carry: mid. to. go, travel, jour-

ney ; sail.

TopQp.it-ov, ov, n., a passage over,

ferry, ferry-boat ; fare for cross-

ing a ferry.

ropdfi-eis, ius, m., a ferryman,

boatman, sailor.

T6p6fu-ov, ov, n. (Same as ropd-

fieiov.)

vopipvpU, irop<f>vpl5-os, /., a purple

robe.

HoaeiSwv, HoceiSwvos, m., Poseidon

[Xeptune), god of the sea.

rdc-oi, 71, OF, (ântus.) of whatnumber ? of what kind ? howmuch ? how great ?

irorafi-6s, ov, m., a river, stream.

xfire, interrog. when? at what time?

indef. at some time, once upon a

time.

irfrrepov, interrog. adv. (utrum), whe-ther or no ?

Torepos, a, ov, whether of the two ?

{uter.)

TT&r-os, ov, m., a drinking, drinking-

bout, carousal, rapa rdror, while

206 GREEK VOCABULAEY.

drinking {inter pocula). irorbv

tf>dpfx,aKOV, a potion.

irov, interrog. adv., where? how? Asindef. voi {enclitic), somewhere,somehow.

iro6s, ToS-Ss, m., a foot, leg.

vpayfia, irpdy/xar-oi, n., a thing

done, deed ; matter, affiiir.

trpdTT-w, or xpdcrcrw, f. irpdô}, to

do, work, effect, accomplish.

vpiirei, impers. {(lecet), it is suitable,

it becomes, it is seemly,

vpbr-u), to be distinguished (amonga number), to be manifest; belike; become, beseem.

vpia^v^, wpicr^v-oi, and TrpicTêuii,

an old man, elder ; ambassador.

Uplafi-os, ov, m., Priam."TTplacxdai, to buy, (2 aor. of uviofiai.)

Tplv, adv., before, formerly, before

that {priusquam.)

irpb, prep., governing gen., before (of

place), in front of; before (of

time) ; by reason of, for, through.

irpbâr-ov, ov, n., used mostly in 7?^.

irpoâra, cattle, (especially) sheep.

TrpoSldufJU, to give up, betray, aban-

don.

irpoLKa, adv. (really the accus. of

n-pol^, a gift), freely, gratuitously

{gratis.)

vpoKdXv/ifjia, wpoKoK^fifiar-os, n., a

veil, curtain, screen; cloak.

irpoKaTaKklv-b), to set one down be-

fore others (at meals) : mid. to

recline (at meals) in a more hon-

ourable place.

irpovo-iu, to perceive beforehand,

provide, anticipate.

rpoTrrjS-du, to spring (forward) before

others.

vp6s, prep., governing accus., gen.,

and dat, in front of; from before;

near, at, to, towards, against.

rrpocrayopti-u, to address, salute,

accost.

npocrdirrw, irpoadipio, to fasten to,

attach to, append : mid. to touch,

lay hold on, reach.

irpba-fipn {dfu, to go), to go towards,

advance, approach.

irpoffipxofiai, to go to; come for-

ward ; approach.

irpocxiTi, adv., moreover, besides.

irpoff^w, to hold to ; bring near

;

give attention to (tt. rbv voOp) :

mid. to cling to, remain with.

irpoffO-^K-T], i}s,f., an addition, supple-

ment, a douceur, into the bargain.

irpoaKcCK-iii), F. icyu, to call to, sum-mon, invite ; call to one's help.

TrpooKvv-iw, P. --^ffofiai, to kiss the

hand to ; hence, do homage, wor-ship, adore.

jrpo(r\ap,^dv(i), receive in addition;

take to one as partner ; acquire.

{irpoabTTTOfiaC), irpoaopdw, irpocbil/o-

fiai, to look to, behold, see, regard.

Trpoffwalû, F. Trpoffwalônai, to

make sport with, joke with, makegame.

TrpoawliTTU (see ttIittcS), to fall uponor against ; attack

;prostrate one'a

self before.

vpoardTT-u}, or vpocriaata, f.

trpoardûj, to place in a position,

arrange; appoint, enjoin, intrust.

Trpoffrldtj/Mi, to put to, add : mid,

associate one's self with ; assign.

irpoarîpo) (see <pipw), to bring to,

to add, contribute ; to attach;

approach ; agree with.

irpordTT-b}, or irpordcrau), V. irpo-

rdû, to post in front, appoint

before : mid. to take the lead.

vpbrepov, adv., before, sooner, ear-

lier, {netit. of folloioing.)

irpbrep-os, a, ov {irpb), before others;

in front of; sooner, earlier.

TTpoTi/xdu, to honour specially;pre-

fer ; esteem highly.

irpoTpô} (see rp^w), to run for-

ward ; outrun.

vpoCpyov, contr. for irpb fpyov, {lit'

erally, for a work or object, t.e.,

of service,) useful;profitable.

trpo(j>ipu, to carry forward, ad-

vance ; allege;propose ; display.

vpox(op-4(i3, -fiffu), to go forward, ad-

vance ; succeed.

irpibrjv, adv., lately; just now; day

before yesterday ; the other day.

GREEK VOCABULARY, 207

rpifipa, or rpifpa, as, /. , the prow ;

tore part of the ship, ship's head,

bow.

JlpcjTeffCKa-oi, ov, m., Protesilaus,

the first Greek killed at the siege

of Troy.

rpCrrov, and vrpOra, adv. {neut. sing.

and pi. of follotcing), first; in the

first place [primtirn].

TrpOr-os, rj, ov (Trp6), first, foremost;

earliest.

TTTipv^, trripvy-os, /., a wing-

TlToi6Sup-os, ov, m., Ptccodortis.

nToXeât-os, ov, m., Ptolemy.

llvOaySpai, gen. UvOaySpoVy m.,

Pythagoras the philosopher.

t6\-i}, yjs, /., a valve or wing (of

folding-doors) : usually in pi. the

gates (of a city, as opposed to

Oijpa, a house door).

irwBdvofiai, F. TfvcofJMi, P. pass.

rhrvafuu, to ask, inquire ; hear,

learn.

Tvp, Tvp-6s, n. (in pi. rh xvpi, and

dat. vvpoh], fire ; watch-fires.

irvp-Ss, ov, m., wheat.

vvp-6u}, F. iSi<T(>), to set on fire

;

burn with fire; to fire, (harden

by fire.)

wppix-^^^t *"• -'''w, to dance the

war-dance, or Pyrric dance.

TTwywu, vdrfuv-os, m., the beard.

vujk-iu), F. --fjab), to exchange, bar-

ter; sell.

itwua, viiifjMT-os, n., a lid, cover.

rtlnrore, adv., at anytime;

—

usually

joined teith a negative.

irwj, interrog. adv., how? in whatway ? indef., in any way ; in

some way, somehow or other.

p4j95-oj, ov, /., a rod, wand, stick.

p4.S1.-os, a, ov, {also -os, -os, -ov,) easy;

ready ; obliging.

fxfolus, adv., easily; readily.

pdK-os, eos, n.,a rag; ragged garment,

p^wv, aw, Tj., pg.oy, compar. oi p(j.dios,

more easy.

pevfia, peîfiar-ot, n., astream, river;

flood.

piu, F. peiffop.a.1., to flow, run, gush.

P'flTwp, jt'ffrop-os, m. [rhetor), a pub-

lic speaker, orator;pleader.

ptfoT6/i-oj, -OS, -01') catting roots

(for medical purposes) ; herb doc-

tor;quack.

plvTW, F. f)lyp(o, to throw, cast, hurl.

ph, piv-Ss, /., the nose : in pi. the

nostrils.

p6va\-ov, ov, n., a club, cudgel

;

stick.

ffolp-w, F. crapw, to grin {ringt) ; to

sweep ; clean.

cdK-oi, eos, k., a shield.

ffdvSa\-ov, ov, n., a wooden sole,

sandal ; woman's shoe ; slipper.

aawp-bs, d, bv, «., rotten, putrid

;

old; filthy.

"LapZavdvSX-os, ov, m., Sardana-

palus, last king of Assyrian em-pire of Nineveh.

aarpdir-rjs, ov, m., a satrap; i.e.,

governor of a (Persian) province.

ffavrov, contr. for (rcai/roO.

(TCour-oO, rji, of thyself: a re/fex.

pron., on which see p. 56.

ffeiti), F. ffelffu, to shake; disturb;

move to and fro.

ffeX-^v-rj, Tit,/; the moon.êfiiX-rj, ris, /., Semele, mother of

Bacchus.

<Tepu'-6s, ij, 6p, revered; august;holy ; stately, majestic ; digni-

fied;proud, haughty.

Sepfi^t-os, ov, m., an inhabitant or

native of SerTphus, one of the

Cyclades islands.

a-fjliavrp-ov, ov, n., a seal, a stamp.

îddiv, 2cSQ;>-os, /., Sidon, a city of

Wioenicia.

Sij/WTT-eivs, iias, m., an inhabitant

or native of Sinope, a town in

Asia Minor, on south shore of

Black Sea.

arrl-ov, ov, m., usually in p?. to, crirla,

food made of corn, bread ; vict-

uals, provisions.

<TiT-os, ov, TO., but in id. ret cira,

corn ; meal, flour ; bread ; food,

provisions.

ffidnr-du, F. --/lixo/jMi., to be silent,

keep silence ; not to speak of,

keep secret.

(TKa<l)l8i-ov, ov, n., a small vessel or

tub ; a little skiff or boat.

ffKi\-os, eos, n., the leg.

(TKev-os, eoj, n., a vessel or imple-

ment : in ^;Z. utensils;

gear,

tackle ; baggage (of an army)

;

stores, &c.

ffKy}v-'fi, rjs, y., a covered place 5 tent;

hut; house.

(FKi-d, as, /., a shadow, shade.

ffKipT-dw, -i^cru, to spring, leap,

bound; frolic about.

CK\-qp-b%, d, 6v, dry ; hard ; harsh,

rough, stern.

ffKOTT-iCi}, F. (TK^fofiai., P. ^(TKe/JLfJMl

(from ff/c^TTTO/iai), to look at

;

inspect, examine ; contemplate.

Ski5^-7;j, ov, TO., a Scythian.

(TKvXa^, ffKv\aK-os, m. and f., a

young dog, whelp, puppy.

ffKunrru, f. crKU)iôfj.ai, to ape,

mimic ; scoff at, jeer, mock ; cut

jokes on.

co^-iu, ijcrw, to say aov, aov [shoo,

shoo) to a bird ; to drive away

;

to shake ; to bustle along, go

hastily : a6§ei ii 'Apyos, off with

you to Argos.

2,6\wp, S6\wj'-os, TO., Solon.

tTO<pi(rr--^s, ov, to., a skilled person;

clever man; a teacher; a sophist.

ffo<f>-l)s, T}, 6v, skilled ; clever ; wise

;

I)rudent ; shrewd.

nriJXat-ov, ov, n., a cave, grotto,

cavern.

<77roi'3-t£fw, -cJo-w, or -daofiai, to

make haste ; be eager, in earnest

;

busy.

cirovS-i^, Tjs, /., haste, speed ; zeal

;

anxiety.

(TTa6ix.6s, ov, TO., pi. often, tcl crraO'

fid, a shelter; dwelling; quarters,

halting-place, or stage.

oracrt-dfo), f. -dffu, to make a rising;

rebel, revolt; quarrel; be at vari-

ance with.

ariWu, f. crreXQ, p. iara\Ka, to

set, place;get ready ; send ; dis-

patch ; start.

jTevayfi-ds, ov, to., groaning; sigh-

ing ; wailing.

ffT^vo) (used in pres. and imperf,

only), to groan ; lament ; bewail.

arep-û, F. -ijcrw, pass, usually <rr^p-

ofiai, to deprive of; bereave of.

ari(pav-os, ov, m., a wreath, garland;

fillet ; crown.

(jTi(j>(i}, F. ari-ôi, to surround;

wreathe ; crown.

(XTTjO-os, eos, «., the breast ; the

heart, (as scat of feeling.)

(TTriK--q, rjs, /, an upright stone, apillar, post

;gravestone.

(TtoX-tJ, TJs, /., equipment; clothing,

dress ; a garment, robe.

(Tt6/JLa, (TT6/xaT-oj, n., the mouth, an

opening;

passage, &c.

ffTpaTeiojjjui, and (mpcTeû, to take

the field; be in active service; act

as a soldier.

(TTparrjy-iu, F. -^<rw, to act a.s a

(TTparrjyos, or general ; to com-

mand.

arpaTTiy-bs, ov, to., the leader of an

army ; a general.

arpari-d, as,/., an army; squadron;

(military) expedition.

<TTpaTu!ir-ri^, ov, to., a soldier.

aTpardired-ov, ov, n., a camp, en-

campment ; squadron.

<rrpovOl-ov, ov, «., dimin. of (rrpovdln,

a young or little bird ; esjMxiallg

a sparrow.

(Ti), ffov, 2d pers. pron. (see p. 64),

thou.

ffvyyiypiiffKu, f. ffvyyvdxrofuu, to

GEEEK VOCABULARY. 209

think with, agree with;yield to,

allow ; confess;pardon.

avyyrd)ii-rj, ijy, /., fellow-feeling

with ; allowance;pardon.

<rvyKaX-iu, F. -iau, to call together,

invite.

ffVYxaipa, to rejoice with, congrata-

late.

ffvyxtap-iu), F. -i}<rw and --fyToiuxL, to

unite; make concessions to ; agree;

pardon.

miyXaiJ^dj'U) (see "kanîvu)), to take

along with ; seize, apprehend

;

comprehend ; assist.

ffVfiTXiw, F. <rv/xrXei;<7'o/i«u, to sail

along with.

ffvfirftffi-ov, ov, n., a drinking-party

;

feast, hanqnet.

<ru/juf>4pu (see tp^pu], to collect ; con-

tribute ; to agree together ; to

conduce to, profit. ri <nJ/»-

ipepow.

(TVfupop-d, as, /., an event, chance;

misfortune, calamity.

<r6v, prep, vnth dat., together with,

with. (See p. 15.)

awdyu, F. awd^b), to lead or bring

together, collect, assemble.

awoPT-dw, F. -û, to fall in with,

meet.

(Twaprd-lû), -ffw, [corriperi\, to seize

and carry off ; to carry off

(TwStaxpdTT-w, (TwSjaT/Kifw, to as-

sist in performing.

<rw36/cet (placet), impera., it pleases;

it seems good.

avvetdov, 2 aor. of awopdw, to see

plainly ; understand.

avveiSoy, 2 aor. of avvoiSa (see dtSa,

Irregular Verbs), to be conscious,

convinced of

aiveifu, trwicoiicu, (see elfd), to

have intercourse with, associate

with.

avyelpu}, to string together, connect;

continue in discourse.

ffweriXa/i^dpu, to lay hold of along

with (some one) ; to take a handat, assist.

wy^pxofuu (see ipxofuiCj, to cometogether, meet; live with.

ffvreari-du, F. -dffo}, to entertain in

one's house ; feast along with.

(Hjpexun, adv. (from adj. awex/p,holding together), continuously,

incessantly.

ffvflij/u, or (wIt]/u (see trj/u), to

throw together, i.e., conjecture

;

perceive, understand-

awo/jLoXoy-id}, f, •fyru, to confess,

acknowledge;promise.

{owiTTOfJuu) , awopdu, F. aw6\f'0fuu,

to see at a glance; survey; be-

hold.

<rvpoval-a, oj, /., friendly inter-

course ; sociality;geniality.

avrrplû, F. ffwrplyf/w, {con-tun-

dere), to bruise, crush, smash,shatter.

<n)ppi<x), F. (TvppeiffopLcu, p. <nn^pptJTjKO, to flow together, meet,

combine.

ffv-i, (Tu-ij, m. or/, (see fivs, p. 26),

a swine, pig, hog, boar, sow.

(TwrrpaTuIrr-iji, ov, m., a fellow-sol-

dier.

c<pa?p-a, ai, /., a ball, sphere,

globe.

ff^fdXkti), F. atpaXw, 1 aor. iaîriKa,

to cause to stumble or fall ; to

foil : pass, to be foDed ; to makea mistake, to blunder.

<T<p€vS6v-ri, yf!,/. {/undo), a sling.

a<f>pay-l^b), r. -lau, Att -t£>, to seal,

stamp, mark.

<rxp\-d^w, F. -dau, to be at leisure,

to have time to do a thing.

<rxo\cu(rTU(-6s, -f), 6v, one having lei-

sure ; an idler ; a simpleton.

<rxp\--fi, rp, f., leisure ; rest, ease;

idleness.

(Twfw, F. ffihffio, to save, rescue,

preserve.

HuKpdr-Tjs, -fo$ (-ow), m., Socrates.

ffQfio, ffih/uiT-oi, n., a body, acorpse ; carcass.

auhos, a, ov, contr. ffwy, a defective

adj., safe, sure, certain.

ffurripl-a, os, /., safety, deliverance.

ffdxpp-uv, uv, ov, of sound mind

;

self-controlling, moderate ; pru-

dent, wise.


ri\7]9^s, for rb dXij^^s, the truth,

the real thing.

rapax(iS-i}s, ris, ei, perplexing, con-fusing.

tcCttw, or Tttcrcrw, f. rrf|w, to arrange,

put in order ; draw up ; appoint.

ravp-os, ov, m., a bull.

rdxicrr-os, >), oi>, superl. of raxiJj,

quickest, swiftest, speediest.

Tttxi^, adv. , neut. offollowing., quickly,

rax'i^y, eto, iJ, swift, quick, fast,

speedy,

rawy, Taw, m., a peacock,

r^, enclitic conj., and. (Lat. g'Me.)

retx-oy, eoy, n., a wall, (especially

that of a city.)

riKv-ov, ov, n., a child ; of&pring.

reXevr-diij, ijcrw, to bring to an end;

to end one's life j to die.

tA-oj, eoj, n., an end, limit: as

adv., in fine.

riixvu), F. re/tw, aor. fre/wp (or ft-o-

/aoi'), to cut, hew, &c.rivwv, t4vovt-os, m., a sinew, muscle,

repcfcrrios, os, ov, strange, monstrous.

ricaape^, or rirrapes, four.

retpalvu), or rirpdu, F. rp^aw, to

bore through.

ritft^, rh-Tlf-oi, m., (cicdda,) agrasshopper.

T7]\tK-ovT09, -aijTT], -ovto, of such asize or age ; so young.

rriiJLepov, or (ti/ifiepou, adv., this sameday, to-day.

TfjvLKavra, at this or that time ofday ; then, at that time.

tI, adv., neut. of rls, what ? why ?

rlOri/u {see Irregular Verbs), to place,

set, fix, settle ; make.Ti0wv-6s, ov, m., Tithonus, brother

of Priam.

tIktu, f. T^fw, aor. ireKOP, to bringforth, beget, procure.

rfWu), F. TiKC), aor. irlXa, (Lat.

vellico), to pluck, pull, pluck out.

Tifi-io), -fiau, to honour, reverence,worship ; value.

TTn--fi, 7}s,f., worth; honour, esteem

;

worship ; regard.

TLfiup-iui, -fiffU}, to punish, takevengeance on.

TifjLwpi-a, as,f., revenge, vengeance,punishment.

Tivdffffu, F. tivd^w, to brandish,shake ; cause to quiver.

t/j, indef, some one, any one ; acertain person. (See p. 33.)

rb, inierrog., who ? which ? what ?

(See p. 33.)

Ti(xaacpipv-7]i, -eos, (-ous), Tissaphcr-nes, a Persian satrap and general.

rlrpao) and rirpalpu), late forms ofTtrpalvd}, to bore through, pierce.

TK-fjfji-uv, -uv, -ov, patient ; bold

;

wretched.

Tol (old dai. for t#), adv., there-

fore, accordingly ; in truth, truly.

Toiyapovv, adv., so then ; assuredly,

certainly; wherefore.

toIpvp, adv., therefore, then; more-over, furthermore.

TM-ovTos, -a&n), -ovro, ot-ovtop, of

such kind, of such nature.

rotx-oi, ov, m., a wall (of a house orcourt.)

To\fid-u), F. ^(Tti), to have the courageto (do), to dare ; undertake ; ven-

ture.

ToX/jLrjpl-a, ds, /., boldness.

To\onr6v, adv., for the future; for

the rest ; accordingly.

t6w-os, ov, m., a place, spot (locus);

a passage in a book.

TOffavtdKis, adv., so many times,

so often.

TOff-ovros, -airrr}, -oCro, or -ovtop, so

much ; so great ; so numerous.T&re, adv., at that time, then.

ToSpo/jLa, contr. for t6 6pofia, the

name.Tpdlrt^-a, i;s, /., a table ; dining-

tablc.

Tpau/xaTl-as, ov, m., a wounded man.

rpdxv^-ot, ov, TO., the throat, nock.

rpdx-^, «a, i5, rough, rugged

;

harsh ; savage.

Tpeis, TpeTs, rpla, three. (See p. 53.)

rphru), F. Tpi\j/(>), 2 aor. itparoy,

p. rirpoipa, to turn, alter ; rout

:

mid. and pass, turn one's self to.

Tp4<f>(i), F. 6pi\l/(i), p. th-po<f>a, to

make solid, i.e., to thicken ; hence,

to fatten, nourish, feed.

rp^d), F. dp^ôfjuu, or dpafiovpuu,

2 aor. (SpafjLor, to ran, hasten,

hurry.

rplû, F. rpit(/u, to rub, thrash,

grind ; wear down ; spend.

rplôjv, rpiûv-oi, m., a worn gar-

ment, a threadbare cloak or robe.

rpiTjp-ijs, Tji, ej [rph, and 4p«), triply

equipped ; hence, as a fern, tubst.

i) rpi-fipTji (scil. paCs), a trireme,

or ship with three banks of oars.

rpls, ado, (rpcit), three times.

Tplr-of, ij, Of, third.

Tpol-a, oj, /., Troy, The Troad.

Tp&rtu-OP, ov, n., (tropceum,) atrophy.

rpSr-ot, ov, m., [rpiiru,) a turn,

way, means ; direction ; turn of

mind, disposition.

rpoirur-fip, TpoTurrTJp-oi, m., a thole-

strap ; an oar-loop, or twisted

leathern thong, which fastened

the oars to the thole.

Tpo<f>--f], rfi, f., food, nutriment

;

rearing.

Tpo<p-6s, ov, TO. and /., a rearer,

feeder, nurse.

Tpi^SKi-ov, ov, n., a cup, bowLrpC^di, (used only in pres. and I'wi-

perf.,) to make a low murmuringnoise, to murmur, buzz ; sing.

rpwt>--fi, rp, /., softness ; luxury

;

effeminacy ; conceit.

Tpwds, TpwdS-os, ./., the district

around Troy ; The Troad.

Tpuryu, F. rpdiô/juu, aor. frpayow,

to chew, gnaw (as herbivorousanimals.)

riryx«t*'w, F. reiôfuu, aor. (rvxof,

to hit, hit upon ; happen upon

;

meet by chance; gain.

Tv«f>\-6s, ^ 6t', blind ; dark ; ob-

scure.

Tv<f>\-6co, F. c&ru, to m&ke blind,

deprive of sight.

ir^piû, F. -lu, and i^pioOfjuu, to

act insolently towards; to oat-

rage, insult

v^p-is, ewj, /., violence ; insolence

;

outrage.

v^piffT-iqi, ou, TO., an overbearingperson, an insolent man.

iJ7(et-o, a», /., health, soundness of

body or of mind.iiyi-î, -fis, 4s, healthy, sound, strong,

hearty.

vSp-oi, ov, m., a water-serpent.

vScijp, vSar-oj, n., water.

vi-6i, ov, TO., a son. There is aform, vUoi in the gen., vUT in thedat, &c., as if from a nom., vlevt-

'^'Vi Vh f-1 * wood, forest ; timber.

hvi-frxys, F. irripô}, to begin; to

begin to exist,

—

i.e., arise, be; to

belong to.

inteiffiprxppLoi, to come in by stealth,

to come in unawares.inrevayrlop, adv., neut. of adj. virer-

avrloi, in opposition to, on the

contrary.

vrip, prep., with cuxus. and gen.,

over, above ; beyond, across

;

for the sake of.

inrip-a, as,/., [vrip,) usually in ^.,the uppermost ropes ; the main-sail brace.

vrepfK-rlvtii, r. -rlffu, p. -rh-ixa, to

pay on behalf of another ; to payfor.

^^P^PXPl'^h to pass over, go be-

yond; exceed.

[vrep&irronaCi, vrepopdw, P. vrtp-ixj/ofjuu, to overlook, let pass;despise, slight.

vTiporyKoi, OS, OP, exceedingly swol-

len ; large, very great ; very im-portant.

{nrepxaipt^, to rejoice exceedingly.

inn)peal-a, as, f., a sliip's crew

;

hard service ; assistance, attend-

ance ; obedience.

vir-iper-icj, F. -i^ffu}, to do service

for, work for ; aid, serve, assist.

V7r7]ph--7]s, ov, m.,a rower, seaman;labourer ; servant, attendant.

inrL(TXviop,ai, F. iroaxi^crofiai, to

undertake, promise, engage.

viTP-oi, ov, m., sleep.

V7r6, prep., with accus., towards andunder, beneath : gen. from under,

by: dat. under, beneath.

viroôXi/jial-os, a, ov, substituted bystealth ; supposititious, counter-

feit.

inroSixofô-h iiroSiô/jiai, to receive

kindly;

give ear to, listen to

;

promise.

{iiro^L-ov, ov, n., a beast of burdenor draught.

{nroKpiT--fis, ov, m. , an actor ; a di*-

sembler, hypocrite.

viroXafi^dvo), to take up; answer,

reply ; engage ; suppose.

\nrop.iv(j}, to remain behind ; endure,

bear; hold out, persevere.

uiropLifj.v^<TKU, F. inroiiv^ffii), to re-

mind, recollect, remember.inroTrvly'j), to choke, suffocate

drown.

vtrorapdrTCi), or -cffO}, F. {nrorapdû,

to stir up an under-current of

trouble; to trouble a little, dis-

turb : pass, to be somewhattroubled.

viro(p^po}, F. {nroiffu, to bear up

;

undergo, sustain; endure, suffer.

varepov, adv. {neut. of adj. vorepot),

afterwards, at length ; after, too

late.

v^', for inr6, under.

vipair\-6(>), F. -dxTO), to spread out

beneath ; unfold.

vfr]\-6s, i}, 6v, lofty, high.

^(paydip, 2 aor. part, of icdlw, to eat.

(paivo), F. (pavQ, aor. Itpriva, to

bring to light, show, exhibit

:

mid. and pass, to appear, seem.

(f>aK-7J, Tjs, /., a dish of lentils;pulse;

porridge.

<f>a.vep-6s, d, 6p, open, clear, visible,

manifest, evident.

(papp-aK-eus, ^wj, m., a medicinevendor ; sorcerer

;poisoner.

^dppMK-ov, ov, n., a drug, medicine,

poison.

<f>d(TKU), strengthened form of (l>ripJ,,

to say, assert ; affirm.

(ftipu, F. olffu, 1 aor. ijveyKa, 2 aor.

ijveyKOV, P. iirffVOXO; to bear,

carry ; bring.

(pe&yu, p. <pe^ô/jLai, 2 aor. i<pvyov,

to flee away, run.

4>'^/Ji-7), TJS, /., (fama,) a rumour, say-

ing, voice, report ; speech.

pripj., p. ipT^ffb) (see Irregular Verbs),

to say, speak, declare.

<j>CK-i(j), F. -ijata, to love, regard.

(piXl-a, ai, /., love, affection, friend-

ship.

^[Xitrir-os, ov, m., Philip.

(piXdKaX-oi, OS, ov, loving the beau-

tiful ; an admirer of the fair.

(piKoKivSOvcos, adv., in a foolhardy

way, in a venturesome way.

(pCX-os, 1), ov, loved, dear; friendly:

as suhst. a friend.

<f>i\ocTO(f>l-a, as, /., love of learning;

study, philosophy.

(plXrar-os, superl. of 0fXos, most be-

loved, dearest.

<j)\^^, (pXe^-ds,/. (sometimes m.), a

vein.

(piXvapSta, to talk nonsense, play the

fool, trifle : ri xpXvapovv, for

<f>Xvapiov, neut. oi pres. j)art.

(j)o^-itj), F. i}(r«, to frighten, scare,

terrify.

<f>op-iw, F. -fjiTU), to bear, carry, wear.

<p6pT-os, ov, m.,a load, cargo, burden.

i>pâp, (fipiar-oi, n., a well, cistern

;

pit.

^pov-4w, F. -i}<rw, to think, consider,

reflect.

i>pi/^, #/)iry-6s, nam. pi. ^pvyes, m.

or/., a Phrygian.

(pvyds, (pvydS-os, m. or. /., a fugi-

tive, exile.

<pvy--q, ijs, /., flight, banishment,

exile.

î/XaK-i}, rjs, /., watching, guarding;

a garrison ; a prison.

*yXd«-os, a, of, of or belonging to

Phylace.

<f>v\dTr(i}, or -ffffu, P. ipvXdû, to

guard, watch, protect.

^{iKk-oy, ov, n., a leaf : inpL leaves,

foliage.

<p6a-ij, tun, /., nature, essence;

shape ; constitution.

<l>uv-ri, fi$, f., sound, voice, report.

(f><tjvTiTiK-bs, i), bv, suited for speaking;

able to speak.

(fniip, (fxap-ht, m. {/«r), a thief, smug-gler.

tpQs, contr. for tpioi, n., light ; de-

liverance; joy.

Xatptfivet-o, aj, f., Clueronea, a

town in Boeotia.

Xoip<^, ^- X*'/"}<''<^> ^° rejoice, be

glad.

yâlr-jf, iji, /., long hair ; a horse's

or lion's mane; foliage (of trees).

XciKLV-6%, ov, m. {pi. sometimes, tAXoXivi, n.), a bridle, bit, reins.

Xnpt-ftJ, -fffffo, -e» (see p. 44),

graceful, beautiful, elegant.

Xaptiyrus, adv. (xopfetj), becoming-ly, decorously

;gracefully.

Xapllôfiat, F. âptoCyuat, to gratify.

XcipiJ, X'^P'-'^'^^t f-1 S^'^î favour,

kindness; service; delight.

'S.dpwv, Xdpuv-oi, m., Charon, ferry-

man of the Styx.

Xaw-6(j}, F. -dxTw, to make loose

;

render proud, puflF up.

XeiX-oj, eos, n., the lip.

Xftfidiv, x«î«j'-oj, m., a storm

;

winter.

X^l'P, X^'-P'^î f-1 ^^^ hand.

XfipoTov-û, -â, to stretch out the

hand (in voting), to vote.

XeXZStiv, xf^'5<i'ôs, /•» * swallow.

X^/X-i}, î, /., a horse's hoof ; a claw,

a talon.

XV", XV-^î »«• or /., a goose, gan-

der.

XVP-<'h «*> /•» * widow.

X^^, adv., yesterday.

X^Xt-ot, at, a, one thousand.

Xi-Twv, x'Twiôj, "»•, an upper robe,

frock, mantle ; coat of mail.

Xtw*", X'^'''<'S, /•> snow.

xXaî, xâfjLvS-oi, f., a cloak,

mantle, or cape ; military cloak.

X^pr-oj, ov, m., an enclosed place

{hortus) ; feeding-ground ; fodder,

grass, hay.

Xpdofuii, inf. xp^ff^tt*, to use, put

in force ; experience.

Xpi}, impers., it is fated, it is ne-

cessary ; it behoves ; one mustTCPVfJ^ XP^fMT-oi, n. {xpdofiaii,

a thing that one needs ; a thing,

matter, aflair : in pi. goods;

money;property.

XP^<TifJi-oi, f), ov, (also OS, OS, ov,)

useful, serviceable ; fit, proper.

Xpbv-os, ou,m., time ; a period, season.

XpiJce-os, o, ov, contr. xP^<^''^f °^

ovv, made of gold, golden;gold-

coloured.

Xpv<ri-ov, ov, n., dimin. from follow-

ing, a piece of gold, gold ; a gold

coin; money.Xpvff-bt, ov, m., gold

; gold coin

;

money.

Xyrp-a, OS, f . an earthen pot, jar.

Xwpfs, (1.) adv., separately; apart:

(2.) As a prep, yrith gen., with-

out ; &r from.

214 OKEEK VOOABULAXY.

^ai5-w, P. \{'ai5-<rw, to touch, graze,

handle ; reach;gain.

}j/6(p-os, ov,m., a.n inarticulate sound,;

noise, crash, din.

^vxaywy-iu, f. -iiffw, to conduct the

spirits of the dead to the lowerworld.

ipvx-'fi, v^,/; hreatb, life; soul, spirit.

f&X,-o3, F. yp^^o, to blow ; to cool, re-

fresh, revive ; to chill, dry up.

Qu5, intetj., (of address), I (of sur-

prise or pain), ah 1 woe's (me.)

(bSls, ciSTj'-oj, /., pain of child-birth,

pang, throe.

lifc-i^y, €?a, 6, swift, fleet, rapid

;

keen.

(hfi6\w-ov, ov, n., raw flax ; coarse

linen ; a barber's towel or shoul-

der-cloth.

«5/t-os, ov, m., the shoulder (and upperarm, = humerus.) Also the shoul-

der of a beast, = armus.

iLv-ioiMi, P. --^(To/iai, to buy, pur-

chase.

(i-6v, ov, n, {pvum], an egg.

up-a, aj, /. {hora), a season ; timeof day, hour ; nick of time ; timeof life; age.

toj, conj., as {ut); that (^Mod)

w'y, adv., thus {sic.)

(Sffvep, adv., as, even as, just as.

woTf, adv., like as, just as, so that

wherefore.

Cirxp-bi, d, (>p, pale, wtn, bloodless.

ENGLISH TOCABULARY.

A (a certain), ris.

About (around), xepl (occjm., gen.,

and dat.) : about (on both sides),

i/jiip^ {accus., gen., and dat.)

Action, Ipy-ov, n. : before we take

action, irpb fpyov.

Admire, Bavfidl^-u}. iyafiai.

Advise, ôvXev-u, ôvXeôftcu.

Against, eij {accus.) ; ixl and xphz,

{accus.)

Air, 6.-fip, iip-oi, m. (the lower air,

properly) ; alOi^p, alOip-oi, (the

upper air.)

All, every, tSj, retro, toi' ; ^to;,

ATafro, Sltov.

Along (parallel to), irapi, (accus.)

Along with, ffiv [dat.);/icrd (yen.)

Altar, pufi-is, ov, at.

Ambassador, T/)€(r/3-i5s, 4us, m.

Among, iv, with dat.

Anchor, iyicip-a, as,/.

And, Kol [ri, U.)

Apple, HTJk-ov, ov, n.

Aristippus, ' AploTirir-oi, ov, m.

Army, rrpdrevfia, tos, n. ; ffrparl-a,

OS, /.

Arrange, rdrru, or rdaffu; F. rdûArtaxerxes, 'Apra^^p^-iis, ov, m.

Ass, 6vos, ov, m. or/.

At, irl {dat.) ; ip {dat.)

Athena {Minerva), 'AOrjv-a, as,/.

Athens, 'A^^p-ot, uv, / pi.

Athenian, 'Adifvai-os, ov, m.;pL

ol 'XdT]v<uoi, the Athenians.

Ayt&j (from), (1x6 {gen.)

BBad, KaK-6s, "fi, bv.

Ball, a<paip-a, as, /.

Barber, Kovp-eis, Itas, m.Barley, Kpid--^, ijs, /.

Battle, fidxv, vs, /•

Be, ApX; ylyvofixii.

Bear, ipicr-os, ov, m. or /.

Beard, irwyuv, irwyutv-os, m.; yipei-

ov, ov, n.

Beast (wild), 6^p, 6Tjp-bs,m.; 0T]pL-oy.

ov, n.: beast of burden, vroli'ijyt-op.

Beautiful, Kd\-6s, -fi, bv, x«P^-"s>€aaa, ev.

Because of, Ii^ko {jen.) ; 5id {gen.)

Becomingly, e5; vpeirbvTUS.

Before, (».«., previous to, or in

front of,) vpb {gen.)

Beg oflf (for one's own satisfaction),

iâiri-ofioi.

Believe, rurre6-u {dot.) ; xelO-opuu,

{dat or accus., and in/.)

Beside, trapd {dat.)

Bite, SdiO'w ; F. Sriôfiai ; 2 aor,

ISaKov.

Black, /iâs, aiva, av. (See p. 45.)

Blessings, dyaO-d, Civ, n.

Boar, ffvs, av-bs, m. ; Kdvp-os, ov, m.

Boat, (floating vessel, generally,)

ir\o1-ov, ov, n. ; <iKa<f>-ls, L5os, /. \

<jKd{.-ov, ov, n. ; aKaip-r), -qs, /

216 ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

Body, awfj.a, awpLaT-os, n.

Hook, î^Xl-ov, ov, n.; /3t/3X-os, ov,f.

Both, coHJ., ri; botli—and, /cat

—

Kdi; Kal—t4; ri—ri.

Boy, irais, 7raiS-6s, m.

Brt:ad (wheateii), &pr-os, ov, m.;

(barley), fxd^-a, or /tSf-a, ris, f.Bridge, y^<pvp-a, as, f.

Bright, Xa/jLTrp-hs, d, 6v.

Broad, evp-ijs, e?a, v.

Brother, dSe\<f>-6s, ov, m.

Bull, ravp-os, ov, m.; /SoOs, /3o-6i, m.

Burn, Kalo} ; P. Kaij<T(i).

Bushy (shaggy), Saa-vs, eta, i5; also,

thickly wooded.But, dXXcC, 5^.

cCable, (cdX-ws, AcdX-w, m. (Seep. 21.)

Cake, p-d^-a, or fid^-a, tjs, /. ; irKaK-

ovs, TrKaKovvT-os, m.; irdiravov, n.

Call on (invoke), KoK-iw, iaoi.

Carefully, iwip-ekCos, adv. ; atrov-

Saiios, ado.

Carry, ^^pw, Kopi^w.

Cast, plwTw, /SdXXw.

Catch, alpiia; 2 aor. et\ov:— \ap.-

/Savw; 2 aor. Oâfiov.

Cauldron, Xi^rjs, \i^7}T-<n, m.Cavahy, i] ittttos, oi iTrweis.

Certain (a),T/s; (sure, firm), /3e/3a(- or,

a, ou.

Chamber. (See Room.)

Chase (in hunting), d-fip-a, as,/.

Chase (to), SidiKU.

Cheek, irapei-d, as, /.

Cliest (breast), arrjO-os, eos, n.

Chest (i.e., box), O-qK-t), •t)s,f.\ KiôfT-

6s, ov, f. ; \dpva^, XdpvaK-os, f.Child (son or daughter), irais ;

(in-

fant), TraiSl-ov, ov, n.; fipicp-os,

eos, n.

Citizen, iroXir-rjs, ov, m.

City, TrAX-ts, v6X-eus, f. ; dar-v,

&<TT-eos, n.

Cloak, xXap.is, "xXapid^-os, f. ; rpl-

§u}v, Tplô)v-os, m,, a tliread-baro

cloak.

Company (i.e., in company with),

crOy : companionship, ffvvovala.

Consult (i.e., take counsel \vith any-

body), ôvXeiJCt) ; more frcquculhj,

mid., §ovXevop.ai [ireptj, or avp.-

ôvXevop-ai tlvl wepl twos.

Cottage, aKTi]v-i], ijs, f. ; koXij^t],

Vhf-Counsel (take counsel). (See Con-

sidt, above.)

Court-yard, avX--fi, r,s, f. : the king's

court or palace, aZ âaiXiws Oupai,

Crane, yipav-os, ov, m.

Crop (to), Kelpoj.

Cup, <pid\-7], ijs, /.; KvXi^, K>jXiK-os,

/.; KiiweXX-ov, ov, n.

Cut, Kelp-w, rip-uoj.

Cutlass, p.dxo.ip-a, as, /. ; f/^-oj,

eos, n.

Cyrus, Kvp-os, ov, m.

DDaughter, Ovydrrip, dvyarp 6s, / ;

Kop-v, Vhf-Day, rjiiip-a, as, f. ; (Sp-a, as, f.Deaf, KU}<f)-6s, tJ, ov.

Dear, <piX-os, r], ov;

^t'Xt-os, a, ov,

or OS, OS, ov.

Death, Odvar-os, ov, m.Deep, âO-vs, eta, 6.

Deliberate, ôvXev-w, jiovXev-op.at,.

Dense (of a wood, &c.), Saa-vs, ela,^

Descend, Karaâlv-w.

Desire (wish), iO^Xu), or 6iX u.

Desire (order), KeXev-u.

Dinner, 5f7'rrv-ov, ov, n.

Doctor (i)liysician), l2Tp-6s, ov, m.

Door, Ovp a, as, f-

Down (from), Kara, with <jen.

Dry, ^Tjp OS, d, 6v.

ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 217

E

Each, ?/ca<rT-oj, rj, oy.

Eagle, der-os, ov, m.

Eat, iadiu ; of herbivorous animals,

rpdydj, usually.

Educate, iratSeii-u.

Egg, d)-6v, ov, n.

Empty, Kev-b%, ij, ov.

Enemy, voXiû-os, ov, m. ; ix6p-ot,

ov, m.

Every, vas, vaaa, Trav,

Expose, iicTidr]iu.

Eye, 6<p6oLkiJ.-6s, ov, in. ; J/x/ui, <5>i-

Ha.T-os, n.

FFaithful, TWT-6s, i}, ov ; dXij^-ijs,

•/is, ^j;

/3^/3ai-os, o, oj*, or os, ov.

Fall-into position, KaOiffTafiai.

Farmer, yewpy-os, ov, m.

Father, irarrip, warp-os, m.

Ferocious, 6.ypt-o$, a, ov, and os,

OS, ov ; (hp.-6i, Tq, 6v.

Field, ayp-6s, ov, m.

Fierce, dypi-os, a, ov.

Find, evpl(TK-w.

Five, irivre.

Floor (thrashing), &\us, &\u, f.(See p. 21.)

Flow, pt<i3, pevaopMi.

Fly, (ivl-a, as, /.

Foolish, VTjTTi-os, a, ov; fj.u}p-6s, d,

ov; or fjLup- OS, a, ov.

For my, thy, his, her, our, &c.,

part, fi^v in the first clause, fol-

lowed by 5^ in the second (and

succeeding ones, if necessary).

For, (motion towards,) els, with

accus.; e.g., he sets out for Greece,

i.e., to Greece.

ôrce, S^vafjL-is, ews, /.

Forest, vk-r], tjs, f.Fore-part (of ship), vpi^p-a, as,/.

Fox, dXwvT}^, &X(lnreK-os, f.

Friend, 0tX-os, ov, m.

Friendly, îX-os, r), ov; (f>t\i-os, a,

ov, or OS, OS, ov.

From (beside), dir6, or irapd.

From (out of), iK, or f|.

GGarden, if^r-os, oi*, m.; ^dpr-os, ov,

m.

Garment (of poverty), ^dx-os, eos, n.

Gate, tiJX-t;, 97$, /.

Gazelle, Sop/cds, Sop/cdS-os, /.

General, (rrparriy-bs, ov, m.

Giant, yiyas, 'fly'avr-os, m.

Girl, K6p-Tj, rjs, f.Give, didw/jLi.

Give back, dTo5t5w/u.

Glory, 56$-a, r)s, f.God, 6e-6s, ov, m.

Goddess, de-d, as,/.

Good, d7a^-6s, 17, ov.

Goods, TO. dyaOd.

Goose, XV"} XV-^h "*• or/.

Government, dpx-% '^Sj /Grant, SiSwfu.

Great haste—in or with great baste,

ffiiv iroXX^ airovS^.

Great, p-âs, pieydX-i), \iiya.

Greece. 'EXXds, 'EXXdS-os, /.

Greek, 'EXXt/ii, "EXXT^y-os, m.

Groom, lvitOK6p.-os, ov, m.

Guard, tpvXd-rT-u, or ijaw; F. ^v\-

d^w.

HITabit, fff-os, eoy, n.

Hair, k6/j.-t], tjs, f. ; Opi^, rpix-6%, /•

Hand, xîp, X^'-P'^'h /•

Harbour, \i/j,-^v, \ip.iu-oi, m.

Hare, Xa7-t6j, Xa7-ciJ, ot.

Haste, a-irovd-Tj, ^s, /.

He, avT-6s, gen. ov, m., (but in this

sense only in the oblique cases);

iKelv-os, 6Se, (when he is empha-tic, like ille); and the article 6.

(See p. 56.)

Head, KeKpoK-ii, Ijs, f.Hear, dKouu, (with accus. of tJdng

heard, and gen. of person frovi

tvJiom.)

Here, ivOdSe, ivravOa,

Herself, eavrTJs.

High, v\f/T]X-6s, i}, 6p.

Himself, iavrov, contr. airrod. (See

p. 56.)

His, her, its, their, &c., expressed

hj gc7i. oi airr-6i, iKeiv-os, iavr-oS

(when referring to the subject).

The article often serves as a,posse8-

sive pronoun.

Hit, Ti/iTT-w; /9(iX\-w (to hit with

something thrown).

Honej, fiiXi, fi{kiT-o$, n.

Horse, tirir-o^, ov, m. and/.Horseman, lirir-evs, ius, m. ; o»

IvireTs, cavalry.

House, ol/c-or, on, m.; olKl-a, as, /.;

S6fj.-os, ov, m. [domus).

Hunt, didiKU, drjpeû, Orjpdu.

Husbandman, 7ew/)7-6[, ov, m.; dpdr-

77s, ov, m.

Hut, <TKriv-i], 71%, f.; Ka\6p-rj, r)s, /.

I& JI, iyd). (See p. 54.)

Ignorant (unlearned), dfiaO-'^s, -qs,

is: (inexperienced), dirup-os, os,

ov ; vf)Tn-os, os, ov, or os, a, ov.

In, iv, with dat.

Indeed, (I, indeed; i.e., I, for mypart,) iyu fiiv: fiTiv; d-q.

Infant, iratSl-ov, ov, «.; ^pi(f)-os, eos,

«.; vr]iri-os.

Infantry, Trcf-oi, wv, m.; rb ireîKdv.

Inscription, ypdfj./xaT-a, uv, n.;

pi.

of ypdnfia, a letter.

Into, els, with accus.

Island, vT}(X-os, ov, f.Itself, kavT-ov, avr-ov, n.

Jackal, 6(Iis, Ou-ds, m.

Javelin, /3A-os, eos, n. ; iraKr-bv, ov, n-

Judge, KpiT'-^s, ov, m.

KKey, jcXefs, xXetS-is, /., [clavis.)

\King, /SoatXci^ ; iva^.

Lacedaimonian, AaKe8atya6n-os, oi',»i.

Land, 7^, 7^j, /. ; dyp-bs, ov, m. (a

piece of land for tillage).

Land [verb], trans. iKî^dtu, i^dyu,

d7ro/3t/3dfa> : intrans. to go onshore, iKâlveiv, diroâlveiv, with

rrjs veilis sometimes added, andsometimes els tt]v yrjv.

Large, fiiyai. (Sec p. 46.)

Law, vd/x-os, ov, m.

Learning, awpl-a, os, /.

Leave, Xe/irw.

Let go, X(ya> ; let alone, iiw.

Letter (of the alphabet), ypd/tfta,

Tos, n.; aroixî-ov, ov, n.: epistle,

hrtaroX-fj, rjs, f.

ENGLISH VOCABFLAEY. 219

Liberty, ikevOepl-a, as, f.

Light, (not he&Tj,) Kovip-oi, 17, op.

JAao (of troops), rd^-is, eon, f.

Lion, \iiiiv, \ioirr-ot, m.Lioness, Xôtv-a, rji, /.

Lip, xctX-oj, eof, n.

Live-long, Toy, xo^ro, rar, or JXoj,

rj, oy, in the accus. in expressions

of time ; as. CXrjw t^v Kf/icro, th«

live-long night.

Loaf, iproi, ov, m.

Long, fiaKp-6s, £, 6v.

Lycurgus, SMKOvpyos, ov, m.

MMaiden, K6p-ri, »/f, /.

Xlajority (the), ol roWol.Make laws, rldi}fu vSfiovs.

Man, dydptiTT-os, ov, m. ; di^p,

dj'5/>-6j, m.

Mane,X'*^''"''?) '7', /.

Many, xoXX-of, a/, d.

Master, SfaTdr-ij^, ov, m.

Meadow, Xec/u&p, Xet/wSv-or, wi.

Merchantman (ship), oKxtis, dXxdS-

Midnight: about midnight, rept

fUffas viicrai.

Month, y.riv, ftijv-os, m.

Moon, <reXî'-i7, 171, /.

Mother, fiifnip, firfrp-oi, f.Mountain, 6p-os, eoi, n.

Mouse, fivt, fw-6i, m.

Much, ToXi/j, toXXt}, roXi. (See

p. 46.)

Muse, MoO<r-a, iji, /.

My, my own, ifi-is, -fi, bw ; or gen.

fUM, ifioS, ifMvr-m), i)t, ov.

NNarrow, artp-hi, ij, 6i».

Near, iy^, adv. ; rXrjalov, adv.

;

also irapd, with <2a^ or accus.

Neck, auxn", avxiv-oi, m. ; t/x£-

Night, nii, yvicr-is, f. : by night,

yvKrSi.

Nightingale, irfiiSv, &r)Z6p-os, f.Nine, bmia.Not, oil {ovK, oirx^ , in definite clauses,

and those stating facts. With im-

jperativea, with indefinite clauses,

and with clauses expressing doubt,

IJL-il is used.

oOf, (about,) vefA: of, (out of,) U:

of, (made of,) (k. Of is generally

expressed by the gen. of a svbst.,

without say prep.

Old, TaXa(-6;, d, 60: old-man, ftpb»v,

yipovT-os, m.Old-woman, ypavs, ypa-bs, /.

On, (of place,) iv, with dat.; irt,

with gen.: on, (signifying time),

ir, or simply dative case; as, hTy rplriQ rjfUpif., on the third day.

One, els, jda, Iv.

(128)

Only {adj., agreeing with noun),

fJMv-oi, ij, op: only {adv.), /x^ror.

Order, bid, command, KeXev-u.

Our, TifUrep-ot, a, op, or gen. of

pers. pron., ijfiQp. Often not ex-

pressed at all, when it is veryevident to whom " our, my, hit,'"

&c., refer. The article showssufficiently the meaning, andbecomes equal to a possessive.

(See His.)

Out of, îc, or i^.

15

Palace, <iS\-fi, ^s, /.; âalXei-a, uv,

n. pi:

Pale, wxp-ii, d, 6p ; "KevK-ds, -fj, 6v.

Parched, (7]p-6s, d, 6v.

Parent, 7ov-ei5s, ^ws, m. or/.

Part, flip- OS, COS, n.

Pay, flierd- OS, ov, m.

Peacock, ra-cDj, ra-w, m.Perses, IUpcr-Tjs, ov; voc. HipaT].

Persian, Il4p<r-r]s, ov; voc. Il^pcra.

Persuade, irdO-u.

Pillar, kIuv, kLov-os, m.; a tomb-stone, crrrjK-Tj, tjs, /.

Plain, ireSi-ov, ov, n.

Plait, irXiK-w,

Plato, nXdrup, HXdruv-os, m.Ploughman, 6.p&r--qs, ov, w,'

Poet, TToiTjT -^s, ov, m.

Poor, TTTwx-ij. >}, iv.

Poplar, atyeip-os, ou, f.

Port, \ipA)v, \ip.iv-ot, m.

Portion, p.ip-os, eoj, n.

Position,—to fall into position, kolO-

Irra/ioi.

Post one's self, KaOlarafiai.

Priest, Up-eis, iois, m.

Prison, ^vXaK-'^, rjs, f. ; Sea-fi-ol, (av,

m. pi.

Prophet, ndvT-is, eus, m.

Province, dpx-^t V^> /•

Prow, irpifip-a, as, f.

Prudence, (ro<pl-a, as, f. ; <pp6vr)ff-is,

ecas, f. ', ff(i}(f>po(T6v-r), rjs, f.

Purse, wfjp-a, as, /.; §aXdvTi-ov (or

/SaXXctJ^joj'), on, n.

Pursue, SidsKO).

Put-in-prison, jSciXXw, or diSw/ii, eh

<f>v\aK-f)v.

Put- in -position, (of troops), KaO-

lffT1)/U.

QQueen, /So(rO|«-a, as,/.; but/3o(rtX- 1 Quickly, raxv, tox^wj, adv.; 3t4

«/a uaeans sovereign power. I rdxovs ; dvb rdxovs.

RRazor, ^vp-6v, ov, n.

Remain, fiivu.

Return, (give back,) AiroSiSufii.

Review, iîraxr-is, eus, /.

Review, i.e., hold a review, noiet-

<r6ai iîraatp.

Revolt, d/piTTtitu.

Rich, ir\oiai-os, a, ov ; 6\pi-os, a, ov.

Ride, lirireuu,

Kiver, norafjirSs, ov, m.lioad, way, journey, 68-6s, ov, /.

Robe (of wealth), cloak, jâpujs,

XXa/ti5S-os,/.: (ofpoverty), rpl^tav.

(See Cloak.)

Rod, fid^d-os, ov, f.Room (upper), ivdry-ewv, ivd/y-tu,

n.; inrep(fi-ov, ov, n.

Rope (cable), kciX-ws, KdX-w, m.

Rule, /3a<rtXei/u ; fipx^ (in active)

;

Kpariu, (the last two governing

gen. or dat.)

Run, did}; t/j^w, f. S/ia/uoC/tcu.

sSafety, ffumipl-a, as, f.

Sail, irX^w; F. wXeiJa-oynot, (or TrXeiJ-

Ota.)

Sailor, vadr-r^s, ov, m.

Same (the), 6 avr-bs, -fj, 6, contr.

a,vT6s, avri}, ravrb, or Tairrov.

ENGLISH VOCABULAEY. 221

Savage, iypi-oi, o, ov.

Say, X^w.Scut (tail of hare), xipK-oi, ov, f.

Scythian, S/n5tf-7;j, ov, m.

Sea, sea-shore, OdXarT'O, or -aaa,

gen. rjs, /• : by land and sea, ical

KoriL yijv Kal /cord dSKarrap.

See, /SX/irw, optfw.

Sell, rw\4o}.

Send, (rrfXXw, AtootAXw, jriparu.

Send for (to one's self), /nerariftr

roficu.

Serpent, 6<p-is, 6<p-ebyi, m.Servant, xnrijpir-Tjs, ov, m.; oiKir-rji,

ov, m,; Oepdrup, Oepd-rorr-os, m.;

Sfjuln, Sfiii>-6s, m. (xan in prose.)

Set free, XiJw.

Seven, Irrd.

Shaggy, Sac-is, eto, tf; X<f<rt-oj, o,

OP ; and X(£<ri-oj, os, op.

Sharp, 6^v$, eto, 6 (of anything

—

instrament, pain, person, &c)Shave, Keipu, droKelpa, ^vpdu, or

Shear, dTOKetpw, Kelpu.

Sheep (a), otj, ol-6i, m. or/.

Shepherd, Totff^p, TOip-ip-os, m.Shield, dcrirls, dcvlbos. f.

Ship, vavi, pedis, / ; t\m-op, ov, n.

Silver, Apyvp-os, ov, m. : made of

silver, dpyvpe-os, a, or, contr.

dpyvpovs, a, oOi'.

Six, tlSlave, 5oCX-oj, ov, m.

Slay, KTetvu, drorrc&w.Sling, ff<p€pS6p-rj, 171, /. : to sling,

o'0«'5oi'(£-w.

Small, /xiKp-6s, d, op.

Smooth, Xer-o?, a, op.

Snow, x"^**! X'^*^*", /.

Socrates, ^wKpdr-rjs, eos, contr.

ovs, m.Soldier, <rrpaTiuT-Tjs, ov, m. : heavy-

armed soldier, oxXTr-ijs, ou.

Some, tIs, tIs, tI.

Some (kind), tIs, tIs, tLSomewhere, xov (encUtie.)

Son, vl-6s, ov, m.Speak, (speak of,) X^«.Stafii Paicnjpl-a, as, /.; pdfiS-os, ov,

f. (a wand, small stafll)

Stalk, (to walk in a stately manner,)

âSljâ, F. paSiovfuu ; aoîw.

Stand, (cause to stand,) trrrjfu ;

jKrf., t<rn]Ka, ils jtres. "I stand."

Stay, ftdpu.

Steep, 6p0i-os, a, oi*; or 6p9i-os, os, op.

Step, ^Tj/xa, ^-quaT-os, n. (steps 01

stairs, &c.) ; txp-os, eos, n.

Stick, p<£/35-os, ov, f. ; paxTrjpl-a,

Stone, \ld-os, ov, m.

Strike, tvtto}, /3<£XXw.

Swallow, xeXtSaK, xeX{54r-oi, /Sweet, yXvK-ih, eia, A.

Swift, ibK-vs, CMt, i5; tox-i5s, ««», A.

Sword, ^l<lyos, eos, n.; ftdxatp-a,

as, f.

Table, rpaxet-a, 17J, /•

Tail, oi'p-d, as, / ; xipK-os, ov, f.Take, Xafi^dvw, alpica.

Take counsel (deliberate), ôvXeio-

flat.

Take the field, crpaTeOonat.Taste, yevop.ai,, with gen.

Teach, hibdaKu, raideiu.Temple, va-6s, ov, m.; pews, peii, m.Ten, 3^<ca.

Tent, ffKr)v--fi, ijs, f.Tenth. SfKar-oj, n, op.

The, i, ij, t6.

Their. (See His.)

Thick, rax-^t e'la, i5 ; Saa-vs, e'ia,

i, (shaggy.)

Thief, K\irT-r]s, ov, m. ; kXw^,KKuir-bs, m. ; <pd'p, <fxitp-6s, m.

Third, rplr-os, 17, op.

Thirty, Tpt&Kovra.

This, these, oxiros, avrq, tovto(For pi. see p. 57.)

Thorn, &Kap0-a, rjs, f.Thou, otJ. (See p. 54.)

Thousand, x^'Ot, x^^-**. X^-<^Thrashing-floor, SXus, S\u, /.

Through, Sid, with gen.

Throw, ftliTTU, /SctXXw, tr)fu.

Tissaphernes, 'Siffiraipipv-iii, eoj,

contr. ovs.

To, (towards,) els, with accus. : to

the side of, up to, irapi, or irp6s,

with accus.

Tongue, yKwTT-a, or y\Ci><T(Ta, rjs, f.

Tooth, iSoiJ?, 6S6vr-oi, to.

Torch, Xafiirdi, \afivdS-ot, f.

Towards, els, with accus.

Town, 7r6X-K, ews, /. ; dirrv, dtareo*,

n.

Trireme, rpf^p-rjs, eos, contr. ous, /Twenty, ef/coat.

Two, Si/o.

U& VUnyoke, Mia.

Up, dvA, with accus.

Upper (room). (See Soom.)Used-to, expressed by imperf. ind. of

verb ; e.g., f\eye, " used to say."

Venerable, (repiv-bi, i}, bv\ al5i<Tip.-o%,

OS, ov.

Very, superl. of adj. ; e.g., very

great, fiiyiaros.

Very much, ^ndXiora, or •B-Xettrroi'.

Visible, Srj\-os, r), ov; <pavep-6s, d,

bv.

Voice, <f>uv-i^, ^y, /.

Vulture, yuxf/, yvir-'os, m.

wWaggon, ific^-a, i/j, /.

Wallet, vfip-a, as, f.War, iriXe^-os, ov, m.Warrior, ripias, !jpu>-os, m.; crrpa-

Tn!)T-7)s, ov, m.

Wave, Kvpjti, Kijp.aT-os, n.

Weapon, /3^-oy, cos, contr. piXovs,

n. ; 6irX-ov, ov, n.

Wear, tpop^w.

What? ri.

Where? vov, irij.

Which, relative, 6s, -Ij, S.

Which, interrog., ris, rls, tI,

White, \evK-bs, "f), bv.

Who, relative, 8s, ij, ; interrog. rls,

tIs,

Why? tI, Sid ri.

Wicked, xaK-os, >}, bi>; vovijp-bs, d,

by.

Wild (beast), 5^/), Orjp-fts, m.; 0ripl-ov,

ov, 71.

Wine, otv-os, ov, m.

Wing, Trripv^, irripvy-os, f.

Wise, ao(p-bs, i}, bv; auxppwv, m. and

/.; n. ffQ<f>pov; gen. adxppov-os.

Wish, idOû), 6û, ôffKopMi.

With, (along with,) ff'uv, with dat.

:

with, (in the midst of,)yuerd, with

gen. With, sign of dat. of the

instrument, to be expressed bydat. only.

Without, prep., Hvev, X'^P^^t "'''î

gen. W hen meaning outeufe, Ifw.

Wolf, Xi5/c-oj, ov, in.

Woman, yvvr), ywaixos, f.

Wonder at, Oavp.di'w, dya/Mi.

Wood, ilX-77, rjs, f.

Word, p.vO-os, ov, m. ; \by-os, ov,

m. ; iir-os, eos, n.

Worthless, /ca/c-or, »}, bv ; ipavK-os,

7], ov ; ovSevbs dîos.

Wound, TiTp{i)(TK<i), /SdXXw.

Wreath, aricpavos, ov, tn.

Write, ypacpu.

Xenophon, êvo<pC!>v, rot, wi.

p. 30.)

(See I Xerxes, 'S,ip^-i)s, ov, ».

THE DECLENSIONS, &a,

WITH THE CASES IN AN ALTERED ORDER.

PIBST DECLENSION.

flNGTTLAB. DUAL. PLURAL.

(1.) N. auX->7, avX.-d, av\-ai.

a court twocoort& eoDits.

V. auX-17, avK-df avK-aly

Oconrt. two courts. courts.

A. avX-iyv, av\-a, av\-a^f

a comt. two courts. courts.

G. av\-rjs, avX-aiv, av\-a)V,

of a court. of two' courts. of COUTtSL

D. ai5X-p, avX-aiv, aOX-aff,

to or for a eoatt. to or ft>r two courts. to or for oonrta

sntatTLAs. DUAL. PLTTHAL.

(2.) N. & V. (TKi-ay (TKl-d, (TKl-aiy

a shadow. two shadows. shadows.

A. (TKl-dv, (TKl-a, (TKi-aSf

a shadow. two shadowsL shadows

G. (TKi-a^, (TKl-aiV, a-Kl-COVy

of a shadow. of two shadows. of shadows.

D. (TKi-a, (TKl-aiV, (T/Ci-aff,

to or for a shadoir. to or for two shadows, to or for shadowa


(3.) N. & V. y\S>rT-a(oT) . ,

PLirUAt..

y\u)TT-aif

tongnes.

'yXa)TT-a9,

tongues.

y\u)TT-U)V,

tongnes.

'yXcoTT-a/f,

to or for a tongue, to or for two tongues, to or for tonguea

a tongue.

A, y\wTT-av,a tongue.

G. yXcoTT-r]^,

of a tongue.

D. y\a)TT-ri,

COTT-a,

two tongues.

yXdoTT-aftwo tongues.

yXu)TT-aiv,

of two tongues.

yXu)TT-aiv,

(4.) NSINQULAR.

TeXd)v-r}g,

a toll collector.

V. TeXoov-r]

A, TeXdov-rjv

G. reXdav-ov

D. TeXtoi/-»?

DUAL.

TeXc6j/-a,

two toll collecton.

TeXu)v-a

TeXcov-a

TeXwv-aiv

reXuiv-aiv

PLURAL.

TeXtoj/-at,

toll collectors.

TeXSiv-ai

reXtoiz-a?

TeXuiv-wv

TeXwv-aig

SECOND DECLENSION.


(1.) N. SovX-oi, masc. , SovX'COf ^ovX-oi,

a slave. two slaves. slaves.

V. SovX'C SovX-00 ^ovX-oi

A. SovX-ov SovX-co SovX-ovg

G. SovX-ov SovX-oiv SovX-cov

D. SovX-(a SovX-oiv SovX-019

SINQULAB. DUAL. PLURAL.

(2.)N.V.&A. fi^X-ov,}aeut., ixriX-w, /ntjX-a,

an apple. two apples. apples.

G. fii^X-ov IxrjX-olV IxrfX-Oil

D. /ttjJX-y IJ.r]X-OlV H^qX-Oig

FIRST GBEEE KEADEB. 23ft

THE ARTICLE, o, 7, to, the.

gnrGHLAB. DCAU rhujikx,

Masc Fem. Kent iltae. Feco. KenL Matr Fem. Kent

N. >7 TO TOO Tft) (ra) TO)«

01 at Ta

A. TOV -rnv TO TUi TO) (to) TOJ TOV9 Tay TO

G. TOV TrJ9 TOV ToFl/ TCUV TOIV TOOV TbiiV Ta>P

D. T(p T^ TftJ TOIV TOiv TOIV TOt9 Tofy TO?p

ATTIC SECO>T) DECT.F.XSION,

SrSOCLAR. DCAU PLITRAL.

N. & V. Xay-wi, masc, Xay-eo, \ay-(pt

• bare. twohara. haniL

A. Xay-wv \ay-ta \ay-(ai

G. \ay-(0 \ay-wv Xay-wv

D. \ay--a Xay^wv \ay-wg

N. V. & A. ai/<^e-ft)i',neut., avwye-w, avdoye-ti,

an upper ehamber. two upper cbambenk npper chambeim

G. avcoye-oo avcoye-wv avtaye-iov

D. avwye-m avatye-tav avwye-ut^

THIRD DECLENSION.snrouLAK.

N. & V. Xe/yLiojt', masa.DUIX.

Xeiixwv-e,

PLURATt.

Xe/yuoJv-ey,

a meadow. two meadowa. meadowi.

A. Xeifiuiv-a XeifJ.(£V-€ XeifiS>v-a^

G. Xeifxojv-og Xeifiwu-oiP Xeifitov-w^

D. XeifiMV-i Xeifi(hv-oiv Xeifxlo-a-i

sraacLAB.

N. & V. ^/XB-y,

ahera

A. TjpOD-a = nfx^

DUAL.

jjpco-e

twohavea.

iJp(i>-€

PLURAL.

T]pO}-€S

heroes.

T}pa}-as

G. tjpoo-oi

D. ^p(0-t

ripda-OlV

iipw-oiv

Tjpui-tav

i}p-<Tl

226 FIRST GKEEK READER.

SINOULAR. DUAL. PLCRAL.

N. iX^u-i, masc, ixOu-e, ixOu-e? = ix0v9ta fish. two fishes. fishes.

V. 1x66 lyQv-e ixOv-e? = ixOvs

A. IxOv-v l-^Qv-e lx6u--a? = t^^yy

G. i^Pv-os ixOu-oiv ixOv-0)V

D. lx0v-t IxQv-oiv ixOv-(Tl

SIKaULAB. VVAh. PLURAL.

N. &V. rrroijui^p, masc, iroifiev-e, TTOifiev-ef,

a shepherd. two shepherdi. shepherds.

A. TTOijuev-a TTOi/uLev-e TTOifiev-ai

G. TTOt/UieV-OS TTOllXeV-OlV TTOljUieV-MV

D. TTOlfieV-l iroiixiv-oiv TTOifxe-a-

N. avrjp, masc, auSpCi avSp-e^f

a man = Latin, vir. two men. men.

V. avep avSp-e avSp-eq

A. av-S-pa (for avepa) auSp-€ avSp-ag

G. av-S-pos avSp-oiv avSp-cov

D. av-S-pi avSp-oiv avSpd-(ri

SINGUtAB. DVAU PLURAL.

N. & V. 1S,€vo(l)wv, masc,Xenophon.

A. 'iE!t€vo(f)U)t>T-a

G. 'i3,evo(b(iovT-og

J). '^evo(puivr-i

N. V. & A. crw/ua, neut.;,(rco/J.aT-€, (ru)fiaT-a,

a body. two bodies. bodies.

G, croofxaT-o? (TW/UidT-OlV arcouaT-<eu

D. crcofiaT-i a-cofiar-oii' (Ta>jJLa-(Ti

FIBST GREEK RHATHTR. 227

SI5Gin,AK. DUAIb FLITRAU

N. & V. opvi^, m. (or f., opvi6-€ opviO-eSf

a bird or fowl two birds. birdi

A. opvi6-a,OTopvtv 6pvi6-e opvi6-ag

G. opvi6-09 6pvi6-c<iv 6pvlQ-<av

D. OpVlB-L opvlO-oiv opvi-<ri

SI50ULAB. VVlh. PLCUAL.

N. /j.avTi-9, masc., fidvre-e, fiavre-es = fxavreif,

• prophet or seer. two prophet* prophets.

V. fldvTl uavre-e fiavre-e^ = fxairreig

A. fiavTi-v fxavre-e fiavT€-as = fiavreig

G. fidvre-co^ fxavre-oiv /J.dvT€-0)V

D. fidvT€H = fidvrei fiavre-oiv fiaVTihO-l

BIK0OT.A1t. SCAL.

N.V.&A. T€iy(0-^, neut. reiê-e = Tet^'/.

awalL two wallai

G. TCi'ê-os = T€l-^0V9 T€fê-OlV = TCfÔlV

T). re/ê-f == T€l-^€l T€l')^€-01V = Tei-)(01V

walla.

G. Tetê-«v = Te/^c

SnroiTLAR. DUAIi.

a kin^ two Unga.

V. âa-iX-ev âa-iXe-e

A. âaiXe-d j8a<r/Xe-€

G. âcriXe-ojg âariXe-oiv

PLXmAL.

/8a<rtXe-ep, -6??,

âcrtXe-ep, -€??

âtriXe-d^, -€ig

âcrtXe-wv

D. 8a(TiXe-i', fiaa-ikel âa-iKi-oiv Baa-iXeva-t

J28 FIEST GREEK READER

ADJECTIVES.

BINGULAR.

Masc. Fein. Nent

N. <r€fiv-6i, o-e/xiz-ij (rejULv-ov

venerable.

V. (T€IJiV-e (reîv-jy a-eixv-ou

A. (refiv-ov o-e/jtiA-jJi/ aefiv-ov

G. crefxv-ov (reiuv-ijg a-ejuv-ov

D. arefiv-w a-efJLp-rj

DUAL.

cre/uLv-^

N. V. & A. a-€fiv-u> (Te/ti/-a a-efjiv-u)

G. & D. orefiv-oiv

PLURAL.

arefiv-oiv

N. &; V. crefiv-ol (refiv-al a-efiv-d

A. creixv-ovi (refjLv-dg creixv-a

G, arejuLv-wu aeixv-wv (re/xv-wv

D. crejmp-ois aejuLv-ais

SINGULAR.

(refJLu-019

Masc. Fem. Nent

N. âp-vs, âp-eia I3ap-v

heavy.

V. /3aî; âp-€ia âp-v

A âp-vv /Sap-eiav âp-v

G. jSap-ioi (3ap-eia^ âp-€09

D. I3ap-€i, -e âp-ela

DUAL.

âp-ei, -ei

N. V. & A. âp-ie /Sap-ela jSap-ie

G. & D. âp-€oiv âp-eiaiv /3ap-€oiv

PLURAL.

Masc. Fem. Nent

N. & V. l3ap-€€g, - er? I3ap-€iai âp-ia

A, âp-eas, -€19 âp-eia^ âp-ea

G. âp-etov l3ap-€io)v (3ap-ecov

D. )8a/)-eV/ Bap-€iai9 âp-icri

FIEST GKEEK READEE. 229

8IH0UI.A&.

N.much, many

TTOW-IJ TTOX-V

V. TToX-y xoXX-i; TTOX-J

A. TToX-VV -TTOW-^V TTOX-U

G. TTOW-OV TroXX-tjg TTOXX-OU

D. xoXX-o) TToW-tj

PLURAL.

7roXX-c5

N. & V. iroW-oi TToW-al TToXX-a

A. TToXX-ot/y TToXX-a? TToXX-a

G. iroXk-wv TToXX-toJ/ TTOXX-WV

D. TToXK-Oti TToW-aig

SISQULAR.

TToXX-OlS

N. fiey-as,

great, large.

/aeyaX-T] fiiy-a

V. fiey-a fieyaX-tj (xiy-a

A. fiiy-av fieyaX-rjv fxiy-a

G. fMcyaX-ov /xe-yaX-j/? fxeydX-ov

D. lneyaX-ip /xeydX-^

PLURAL.

fjLeyaX-<a

N. & V. fjLeyaX-oi fxeyaX-ai fieydX-a

A. fjLeyaX-ovg fieyaX-as IJ.eya.X-a

G. IxeyaX-wv fxeydX-wv fieyaX-cov

D. fjLeyaX-o

E RELATI

if fxeyaX-aii

, Which

fieydX-oii

VE PRONOUN, Who , That.

SIXGULAR. DUAL. PLURAL.

Masc. Fem. Neut Masc Fem. Neut Muw. Fem. Kent

N. OS V orf ff rf

CO a 0} 01If t

at a

A. ovf rt

tjv orf ff ft

CO a w ovgtt Ha? a

G. o5 r}s OVT 9 9

oiv aiv oiv cov wv cov

D. CO•p ? *

OIV aiv OIV ok;•p p

aif oi9

230 FIKST GREEK EEADKR.

THE THREE PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

N.

A.

G.

D.

I lego].

efJL€f or /te,

me.

e/ULOv, or fJLov,

of me.

ifxoi, or fioi,

to or for me.

DUAL.

VW,

we twa

VCOf

na twa

PMV,

of US two.

to or for 08 twa

SIKaiTI.AB.

N. OT/,

thou [tu].

A. (re

Q. (ToO

D. (To/

SINOTTLAR.

N. —A. e [se], him.

G. ov [sui]

D. ot [sibi]

BIHO0LAR.

Masc. Fem. Neut

N. OVTOif aUTf} TOUTOthis.

A. TOVTOV TaVTtJV TOUTO

G. TOVTOV TaVTt]S TOVTOV

D. TOVTW TauTrj TOVTW

DUAL.

(T^O),

you two.

(T(pCO

arcpwp

(rd)wv

we.

us.

of as.

to or for OS.

PLURAL.

you.

VfJLWV

VfllV

(r<peig, they

D0AL.

Fem. Nent

TOVTO) (ravTo) tovtco

TovTW (ravTo) tovtw

TOVTOIV TttVTaiV TOVTOlt

TOVTOIV TaVTatV TOVTOIV

Masc.

N. OVTOl

A. TOVTOVS

G. toJtcov

D. ToyVot?

PLURAL.Fem.

avTai

TavTa9

TOVTCOV

TavTai9

Nent

TavTa

TOVTa

TOVTCOV

TOVT019

FORMATION OF THE

TENSES OF GEEEK VERBS.

The following Btiles attempt to account for the formation of all the Tenses

of Begular Verbs. Bat analogy is so often departed from in conjngation, and

dialectic peculiarities so often occur, that it is impoasible to provide for every

irregularity. As many verbs are defective, the student cannot be too ear-

nestly urged to consult a good List of Irregular Greek Verbs, in regard to each.

The principal parts of a Greek verb are

ACTTTB.

Present, Xuto

Future, \vcra>

Perfect, Xe'Xu/ca

PASSIVE.

Future, XvO^a-ofiai

Perfect, \eXvfxai

I.—ACTIVE VOICE.I.-IMPERFECT TENSE.

Rule.—The imperfect active is formed from the

present by prefixing the augment, and changing the

termination -as into -ov ; as,

—

Xi/o) eXi/oj/

Tvinto erviTTOV

ll.-FUTURE TENSE

1. Rule I.—In verbs not liquid, the future active is

formed from the present by insertiug cr before -w; as,

232 FORMATION OF TENSES.

\va> Xvcroo

ypacpo) ypdy^w

Xeyco \eP(o

2. Rule II.—Liquid verbs do not insert cr; they

only shorten the penult * if it is long, and are de-

clined as contracted forms; i" as,

—

imevco fxevca, eff, ei, &c.

CTTreipoD (nrepw, eff, e?, &a<Paii/(io (pavco, &c.

KpLVM KpXvW, &C.

SPECIAL RULES.A.. MUTE VERBS.

3. (1.) Before -crw reject r, §, 9, o-, and v',t as,—avvTO) avv(T(i>

aSco acroo

TrXj/Oft) ttX^ctw

irKaadw, or TrXaTTW TrXctcra)

airev^ia (nrela-oo \\

rvTrroo TJ;\|/-to)

voiniQa POfiicrco (Att. vofJLiu))

4. (2.) Many verbs in -cro-w and -^ft) make -^co §

in the future ; as,

—

* The long penult is shortened by rejecting the latter of two vowels or

consonants ; as, cnrelpo), airepQ ; rif^vtis, re/iio. The variable vowels are

short in the future.

t In the future, -w, -eis, &c., are contracted for -^w, -^«j, &c. ; hence

the circumflex.

J See Appendix, page 153, ii. 10.

IISee note, p. 31.

§ Most of these verbs have stems ending in a guttural ; thus, irpdffffoi

has its stem irpay-, and Kpi^w, Kpay-. Hence -{w in the future.

AcmvB VOICE. 233

Trpacrcru), or TrpaTTco Trpaâ

Kpdl^co Kpdâ

5. (3.) And some have both -crto and -^w

-to

-to

B. PURE VERBS.

6. (1.) Verbs in -aw, -e'o), -oo?, change the short

vowel into its corresponding long before -a-u) ; as,

—

TlfiaU) TlfXrjCTUi

(piXew (biXriau)

orjXoco oriXwo'co

7. (2.) Exc.—But some verbs retain the vowel of

the present ; as,

—

eao) eacroy

yeXdco (yeXdcrw) yeXdaofxai .

TeXeci) TeXe<ra)

apow apocra)

8. (3.) And some in -eu) have both forms ; as,

—

aiveco alv-eaw, or -jycrw (Epic, &c.)

TTOveta irov-ia-iOf or -âco

9. (4.) Some in -ew make their future in -eJo-w; as,

TTveco Twevcrui

peco (to flow) p€v<T(a

lll.-FIRST AORIST.

1. Rule.—The first aorist active is fonned from

the future by prefixing the augment, and changing

-o) into -a ; as,

—

* It mast be observed that the different forms generally belong to

different dialects. Hence the student must be careful to consult a goodLexicon, or Lbt of Irregular Greek Verbs.


Xvcrco eXvaa

Tvy^co €TUâ

TijuLtjcroo eTifitjcra

Xe^co eXeâ

2. But in liquid verbs the penult is lengthened

by changing e of the future into ei, and a short

variable vowel into its own long ; as,

—

fxevM fievo) ejueipa

a-Trelpco (TTrepw ecnreipa

oireXXw crreXS) ecTTeiXa

(paivia (pavo) €(pr]va

TTiaiPOO TTiavoo eTTidva

KplvU) KpCVO) €Kplva

' a/xvvw a/uivpoo ijfivva

3. There are a few first aorists which do not re

tain the characteristic of the future;as,—

Sl^CdlJLL Scoa-co eScoKa

TlOtJ/Xl Oiâ-O) eOtjKa

7t}fii t]cro) ^Ka

Also elira {(pfjfju) jjveyKa (cpepco) Ixea (xew)

IV.-FIRST PERFECT.

1. Rule.—The first perfect active is formed from the

future by prefixing the augment (with reduplication),*

and changing -co or -orco into -rKa or -d {i.e., making -ku

from -ft) or -cro), --â from -^co, and -(pa from -y^cci) ; as,

* See p. 62, 11. But it must be remembered that those verbs have

no reduplication which begin (a) with a vowel, {b) with a double conso-

nant, (c) with two consonants, except certain combinations made up of a

mute followed hj a liquid.

Acnvc yoicK. S6

\traXXct) -vpôXw eyj/aXxa

ayyeXXo) ayye\u> f^yyeKKa

(paii'O} (pavw Tre(payKa

Xvo) \v(ra> XeXvKa

irXeKCd 7rXe^(o xexXepâ

TVTTTto Tu\|/-ft) Tervcpa

2. In some verbs the radical vowel t is changed ; as,

(xreXXw crreXcd arroXica

Te'ivta T€vw Teraxa X

TTreipw airepw eairapKa

3. âXkco makes îpKriKa, and yuevo), fie/jLevrjKa.

V.-FIRST PLUPERFECT.

Rule.—The first pluperfect active is formed fix>m

the perfect by changing -a into -eiv, and prefixing the

syllabic augment (when possible) ; as,

—

XeXf/ca iXcXvKeiv

Tervcba ereTvcpeiv

lyyyeXxa tjyyeXKciv

VI.-SECOND AORIST.B

1. RuLK—The second aorist active is formed

from the simple stem of the verb by prefixing the

augment, and adding the termination -ov ; as,

—

See p. 154, 12, Appendix.

t This phrase is used merely for convenience, and to agree with

general usage. The simple stem of the verb is foond in the second

aorist (when it exists) ; as, t-\ir-op : bnt this is osoaUy strengthened in

the present by the insertion of a vowel or consonant The radical vowelis often changed. See vi., below.

X Some verbs reject p before k ; as reu>w : so also KpUu, xiicpuca.

I The form called the second aorist is found chiefly in those verbs

028) 16

236 FORMATION OP TENSES.

Pres. Simple Stem. 2Aor.

rvTrro) TUTT- ervirov

/3dX\(a /3aX. ejSaXov

XeiTTft) XlTT- eXiTTOu

XajuâvM \a^- eXaôv

\av9dvco XaO- eXaQov

2. Some verbs seem to have had two stems

;

thus, Tefxvoo has 2 aor. ere/uov and erajULou ; and manyverbs have a, e, i, v, in the aorist, while the present

has J?, ft), 6, €1, ai, I, or eu. See vii. 2, below, with

examples.

VII.-THE SECOND PERFECT.

1. Rule.—Tlie second perfect active is formed

from the simple stem of the verb by prefixing the

augment (with reduplication), and adding the ter-

mination -a ; as,

—

Pres. Simple Stem. 8 Pert

TVTTTCa TVTT- TCTUTTa

2, Eut the radical vowel is often changed ; viz.,

a, from presents in e or ei, into o;

a, from presents in f] or ai, into >/

;

e, from presents in e, or et, or i, into o

;

I, from presents in ei, into oi.

As,—^

SepKOjxai eSpaKov SiSopKU

KT€iv(a eKTavov eKTOva

XavOdvoi) (XÔw) eXaOov XeXrjOa

which have no first aorist ; for very few verbs have both tenses. Pure

verbs, as a general rule, have no second aorist ; also those verbs whosa

stem in the second aorist would be the same as in the present

—

e.g., \4yti).

PASSIVE VOICE. 237

ipa'ivu) e(f)dinjv (2 aor. pass.) ireiprjva

TiKTU) ersKOv TeroKa

XeiTTw eXiTTOu XeXonra

VIII.-SECOND PLUPERFECT.

Rule.—The second pluperfect is fomied from the

second perfect by prefixing the augment, and chang-

ing -a into -€iv ; as, Tervrra, erervireiv.

II.—PASSIVE VOICE.I.-PRESENT.

Rule.—The present passive (and middle) is formed

from the present active by changing -w into -o/xai ; as,

TUTTTO) TVTTTOJJLai

II.-IMPERFECT.

Rule.—The imperfect passive (and middle) is

formed from the present by prefixing the augment,

and changing -/xat into -/J.t]v ; as,

—

Tvirrofiai eTVTrTOfitjv

Svva/xai eSvvdutjv

lll.-FIRST FUTURE.

1. Rule.—The fii-st future passive is formed from

the future active by changing -co or -a-w into -Orja-o/xai

;

as,—


ayyeXu) ayyeXdâofiai

\v(T(jo XvOtjcrojuai

Tvyôo TucbOrjcrojuai*

2. Many verbs insert cr before -6wonji.ai :

—

(a) Certain pure verbs ; as,

—

/cXe/ft) K\i.i(r6ri(T0iJ.ai

/cXa/o) icXava-drjcroâL

TeXe'ft) TeXecrO^crofxat

(6) Verbs which reject a consonant (r, S, 9,

cr, ^) in the future active ; t as,

—

TreiOco Tre/cTft) TreKrOâofxat.

3. Some verbs shorten the last vowel of the

future stem ; as,

—

alprja-w atpeQrjcroixai

IV.-FIRST AORIST. I

Rule.—Tlie first aorist passive is formed from ^the first future passive, by prefixing the augment,

and changing -Qna-otxai into -Qriv ; as,—

-

XvO/iaojuai eXv6r}i/

TvcpOwo/nai eTV(p6>]P

TeXea-O^crofxai ereXecrOijv

SoO^crofxai iSoOijv

TeOrjcrofxai ereOijv

V.-PERFECT.

1. Rule.—The perfect passive is formed from the

• The rules of euphony, p. 153, must be attended to.

t See Appendix, Euphony, p. 153, i. 3.

PASsrvB voicK 239

first future passive, by prefixing the augment (with

reduplication), and rejecting -Otjcro- before -ytiat; * as,

—

^ov\ev6r/(rofxai l3el3ov\€v/xai

\€i(p6f](T0fJi.ai XeXetyu/iat

2. Exc.—But o- before -Qriaofiai does not always

remain before -fxai ; and some verbs which have not o-

in the future assume it before -fiai (see p. 153,7); as,

fivt]a6t](T0fxai fxe/iti/r]/jiai

cr(a6j](rofi.ai (reaaxTfiai

3. A few verbs lengthen the last vowel of the

future stem ; as,

—

alpeO^crofiai ^pijfxai

4. In the Attic dialect, v before fi (see p. 154, 13)

is sometimes changed into a- ; thus, irecpav/xai should

become 7re(pafxfxai, but is made irecpacrfMai.

5. The three verbs, T^oeVo), rpecpw, and (rrpecpw,

change the vowel of the future stem, making TCTpa/j.-

fiai, TcOpafMfjLai, ecrrpafi/xai.

VI.-THE PLUPERFECT.

Rule—The pluperfect passive is formed from the

perfect passive, by prefixing the augment, and chang-

ing -fxai into -p-rjv', as,

—

TeTVfifxai ereTVfifjitjv

XeXv/xai iXeXvfirjv

* In declining the perfect passive, the rules of enphonj most be care-

fullj attended to,—viz., p. 153, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; and p. 154, 11,

12, 13. It must further be remarked that, in the terminations -<rBow,

ffOe, -cdcu, -ffdw, -ffOwv, the <r is rejected when another consonant pre-

cedes ; as, TiTV<t>Bo¥, for Tirvwadom.

240 FORMATION OP TENSES.

VII.-SECOND AORIST.

Rule.—The second aorist passive is formed from

the simple stem of the verb, by prefixing the aug-

ment, and adding the termination -fjv ; as,

—

Pres. Simple Stem. 2 Aor.

VIII.-SECOND FUTURE.*

RuLK—The second future passive is formed from

the simple stem, by adding -i/cro/xat ; as,

—

Pros. Simple Stem. 2 Fut.

Tl/TTTO) TUTT- TU7r^(T0/J.ai

IX.-THIRD FUTURE, OR PAULO POST FUTURE.

Rule.—The third future passive is formed from

the simple stem, by prefixing the reduplication, and

adding -crojULai ; as,

—

Xuft) XeXvcrofxai

III.—MIDDLE VOICE.I.-PRESENT AND IMPERFECT.

[See corresponding tenses of Passive, p. 237]

II.-FUTURE

Rule.—The future middle is formed from the

future active, by changing -w into -ofiai, and in

liquid verbs into -ovjuai ; as,

—

* The second future is of rare occurrence. See note||, p. 235.

MIDDLE VOICE. 241

Xuo-to Xva-ofiai

fxevu) fievovfxai

ill-FlRST AORIST.

Rule.—The first aorist middle is formed from

the future middle, by prefixing the augment, and

changing -o/mai into -afirjv ; as,

—

Tvy^ofxai eTir<\raiJ.r]v

Xe^ofxai eXe^dfirjv

K.B.—In liquid verbs the penult is lengthened, as

in the first aorist active, which see, p, 234, 2.

IV.-SECOND AORIST.

Rule.—The second aorist middle is formed from

the simple stem, by prefixing the augment, and add-

ing -ofitjv ; as,

—

Prea. Stem. 9Aor.

XetXft) XlTT- eXlTTOflTJV

[See the Second Aorist Active.]

GENERAL VIEW.ACTIVE VOICE

Present.—Either simple or strengthened stem.

Imperfect.—From present;

prefix augment, and

change -o) into -ov.

Future.—From present ; insert a- before to in pure

and mute verbs ; in liquid verbs shorten the

penult (if long) without insertion of cr.

Aorist I.—From future; prefix augment, and change

-co into -a.


Perfect I.—From future ; augment (with redupli-

cation), and change -w or -o-m into -Ka or -a.

Pluperfect I.—From perfect ; augment, and change

-a into -eiv.

Aorist II.—Simple stem, with augment, and termi-

nation -ov.

Perfect II.—From simple stem ; augment (with re-

duplication), and add the termination -a.

Pluperfect II.—^From second perfect ; augment, and

change -a into -€iv.

PASSIVE VOICE.

Present.—From present active ; change -w into -ofiai.

Imperfect.—From present ; augment, and change

-fiat into -fitjv.

Future.—From the future active ; change -co or -o-w

into -OfjcrofJLai.

Aorist I,—From future ; augment, and change

-Otjarofiai into -6t]v.

Perfect.—From future ; augment (with reduplica-

tion), and reject -drjao- before -/uLai.

Pluperfect.—From perfect ; augment, and change

-jmai into -fxt]v.

Aorist II.—From simple stem; augment, and add -tjp

MIDDLE VOICE.

Present.—From present active ; change -w into -ofxai.

Imperfect—From present ; augment, and change

-fjiai into -fjujv.

Future.—From future active ; change -« into -ofiau

I

GEKEBAL VLKW.

Aorist I.—From future ; augment, and change -oiJ.at

into -a/xrjv [or, add -/xrjv to first aorist active].

Aorist II.—From simple stem ; augment, and add

TABLESHOWINQ THE FORMATIONS ACCORDING TO THE PRECEDING SCHEME.

Note, that thoteform* which hteome principal partt, art aUo ffiven, in bolder

type, and xciih a waved line underneath, in the column to which eadi properlybelongs, at being themtelvet derived.

PRINCIPAL PARTS. ACTITE. PASSIVE. MIDDLE.

TUTTTto)

(Tvrroy

T&rroiiM Ti}rro/iot

Tvy^w

(rv\pa

TeTV<pa

TV(p6t^(ro/xai ri^ofuu

Tervcba

irerOipfiP

TV(p6i}arofiai

Tervju/xai

TeTV/JLfiai

irerimiriv

Simple Stem.

(rvTOf

rirwah-€T{nrew

TVr-fjffO/JMl

Tenu^f/OfjLoi

trvrbiiifv

244 PURE VERBS.

PURE VERBS-

INDICATIVE. SUBJtjNCTIVK.

Pres. \i5w Xi/w

Imperf. ^vov

>

•<

Fut.

Aor.

Perf.

Xi5(r«

\6\vKa

\6<TU

XeXiJxw

Pluperf. iXeMKeif

Pfes. Mo/mi XibJfJMl

Imperf. i\v6iJ.7i»

m Fut. I. \v6-^ao/J,ai

>

1 Aor. iUOrjv XvOQ

<Perf. \^v/uu \e\v/Mipos (3

Pluperf. iXeki/iriP

Put. III. \{\i(rofiai

Pres. \ionai Ma/uu

Imperf. i\v6fir}v

Fut. \6aofJiai

aAor. iXvcrd/JLTiv Xicw/Mi

I

PURE VERBS. 245

\vM, I loose.

OPTATITB. IMPKKATIVE. IHFISITIVE. PARTICTPLB.

Xi^;u

XiiTOlfU

\6ffaifu

Xe\iJKOifU

XOe

XvffOf

XiXvKS

Xveip

Xvceiv

Xvaai

XeXvK^vat

Xvoiv

Xvffuv

Xiffas

XeXvKws

\volfJir]v

\v6riffolfi7iv

XvOelrjP

XeXv/iivos ett]v

XeXvffol/i'Tjv

X6ov

XMirri

XAvffo

Xveffdai

XvO^ffEcffai

Xvdijvcu.

Xe\6(r0ai

XeXijo-eadat,

Xvofievos

Xydriffofievoi

XvOdt

XeXu/iA-os

XeXvffonevos

Xvot/iriv

XwraifJ.r]P

Ximi

Xv<TCU

Xie(r6ai

Xtjffeffdai

XvffaaOai

\v6iJ.€vos

Xvcofievos

Xvffdfievos

246 MUTE VERBS.

MUTE VERBS-

INDtOATIVK. SUBJUNCTIVK.

Pres. riiTTO} TlJjTTCO

Imperf. h-VITTOV

Fut. *Ti;^w [ruirTT^ffw]

>Aor, I. iTv\pa [^ri/TTTijo-a] TlJ\f/U

Perf. I. *TiTV<pa \T€T6irTr]Ka] TeTi;0W

^ Pluperf. I. * irerijipeiv

Aor. II. irvirov t6iru

Perf. II. * Th-vira TeT&irco

Pluperf. II. * ireriTteiv

Pres. r&TtTOfiai T&trTU/JUU

Imperf. iTVVT6/i7]V

Fut. * Tvcpd'^ffofiai

^Aor. I. h'i>(f>6r]v {irvirT-fid-riv] TV(t)65>

xaPerf. th-vfinai [and TeT&irrriiMi] rervfifiipoi d

t Pluperf. h-erCfifiriv

Aor. II. iTijTrr}ti TvirQ

Fut. II. Tvn-^ffOfiat

Fut. III. * T€Tii\f'oiiai

Pres. T&lTTO/iat. T&irrunai

iImperf. irvirrbiiriv

p Fut. Tifofuu [Ttrtrrijffo/iot]

a Aor. I. hv^dfirju rij\punai

Aor. II. * iTinr6fir]i> T&irufiai

Note.—Those parts which are not found, or which are used only in

brackets exist, and some of them are more Attic than those of the

MUTE VERBS. 247

ryTTTO), / strike.

OPTATIVE, IMPKBATIVE. ISFISITIVE. PAKTICIPLE.

T&rroifu tiJttoi/ rinrreiv TlJuTWI'

riôi/u TT/êo> nJ^wi'

Tufatfu rvôp rCâi rifas

reriipoi/u, TiTV<pe renxphxu TCTWpiit

T&roifu rim Txnreiv Tvriip

Terôi/u rhmre rennrivat TervTuis

TVTTolnrp> rinrrov TihrTea6ai TVTrSfieyos

Tv<j>dT}ffoliiriv rv<p6^€a0ai TvipdrjiTofieyos

TVipddriv TtKpdrp-i rv<t>0rpnu TV<t>d€Ls

rervfifj-ivos etijv riTv\po Ter{nf>6ai rerv/jLfjLivoi

TVTreii}v Tivrfii TVTTljVai Ti/iret'j

TVTnjaolfiifv TviTTêffOai TwrtaofJiivos

TfTV\polfiy)V TfTVif/eadaL rerV'poiJ.evoi

TVTITolfiriV TVTTOV T&rreffOai Tvrr6yj£P0i

rvfolfii}* Ti^peadcu Twf/6/jLeros

Tvâl/jLijv Tvypat T&if/a<r0<u TV\f/dfj.epos

TVTolnrjv TVTTOV rwicOai Tvirofievos

post-classical times, arc marked with an Oiiterisk. The forms in

regular formiation.

248 MUTE VERBS.

MUTE VERBS-

INDICATIVE. SUBJUNOTIVK.

Pres. tX^/cw irX^Kw

Imperf. iirkeKOV

Fut. fl-X^ty

w Aor. I. iir\€â wXiô}>•

Perf. TiirXexa. ireTrX^X"

-<1 Pluperf. iTreirXixîv

Aor. II. * îrXaKov nXdKO)

Perf. II. * TriirXaKa ireirXdKU

Pluperf. II. * iireirXdKCiv

Pres. TX4K0fjLat. wX^KU/JXLl

Imperf. iTrX€K6firiv

Fut. TrXex6'fl<ôiiai.

H> Aor. I. iirXixOw irXexOio

Perf. TTîrXeyfiai ireTXeyfi^yoi (3

t Pluperf. iireirX^Hrjv

Aor. II. iirXdKr]P 7rXa/cw

Fut. II. irXaK-^ffOixaL

Fut. III. irewXiôixai

Pres. ir'KiKO/JLa.t. 7rXiKWfi(n

W Imperf. iTrXeK6fir]i>

Fut. TfX^ôfiai

Aor. I. iirXi^dfirfv TrX^ûfiai

Aor. II. * iirXaK6/JLrjv irXdKWfiat

MUTE VERBS. M9

7rXe/cw, / plait.

OPTATIYB. IMPZaATITB. iinriHiTivB. PARTICIPLE.

rXiKOtfu vXiKe xXiKCiP xXiKVP

rXiioifju rXiêii> xXi^wv

xXiâifu vXiôv tX4î xX^laj

TcxXôt/u x^Xexe xerXexA'cu xexXexi!)i

irXdKoipu irXdiKi rrXaKeiv xXaKtbp

xeirXdKoifu TrbrXaKi reirXaKivcu xexXaKus

T\eKoifJir]» vXiKOU rXiKeffdai xXeKofievoi

TXex^<''oiM'?»' irXex&'^ffeaOai xXex9r}c6fievos

xXex^fti?*' XX^^T/Tt vXexdiiKU xXexOili

veirXeyfiims etrpr x^Xe|o -rerXix^cu xexXejfiivot

irXaKeir]v rXdxTidi TXaKrjvai xXaxeli

vXaKrjaol/l-rjP vXaKTicecdaj. xXaKrjabfJLtvfn

V€TrXeôlfirjv TeirXiêffdcu xexXe^6ixfvos

TXeKolfi-qv xXiKOV xXiKCffOat xXtK6fievoi

irXeôifj.r]v xXiêadai xXe^fiePos

vXfâlfiip' xX^lat xXiâadai xXe^dftevot

trXaKolfitjp xXaKov xXajciffdaL xXaKbfuvoi

2S0 MUTE VERBS.

MUTE VERBS—

INDICATIVE. SUBJUNCTIVE.

Pres. rphru) rpdrw

Imperf. h-peirw

Fut. rpi\l/u)

wAor. I. h-p€â Tpitpo

>Perf. I. Tirpocpa [and rirpaiixx] rerpoû

""l

Pluperf. I. iT€rp6<p€iv [or iTeTpd<f)€<,v]

Aor. II. ^rpairov rpd-TU)

Perf. II. * Tirpoira Terpord)

Pluperf. II. * ireTpoTreiv

Pres. Tpivofia.1. Tpiirwfx.at.

Imperf. irpeiroix-qv

Fut. * TpeipO-âofiai

Aor. I. hpiipd-qv Tpe(p0u

Perf. Tirpa/ifiai rerpafifiipos (3

Pluperf. ireTpip-fji-qv

Aor, II. iTpdlTTjV rpairQ

Fut. II. Tpaviicojiai

Fut. III. rerpiypopjui [or T^rpi-']

Pros. Tpiiro/xai Tpîrwfiai

w Imperf. iTpenonrjv

Qa

Fut. rp4\j/opLai

a Aor. I. irpefiUfiv Tpi\f/<t)piai

Aor. II. iTpaironrjy Tpdrrufiat

MTTTX VERBS. S6l

Tpeiro), I turn.

OPTATITK. IMPKRATIVE. ISriKITIVK. PAETICIPLH.

rphroifu

Tp4^0lfU,

TpiypaifU

T€Tp6<pOl/U

rpdToifu

TerpoToifu

rpire

rphj/ov

rirpotpe

Tpdxe

rirpowe

rphpev

Tp4^CU,

Ttrpoiftivai

rpaweip

Tcrpovhai

rphrup

rphf/op

rpiiffas

f rerpoifKlii [or

\ TeTpCUffUi']

Tpariim

TcrpoTtis

Tpi-rolflTJV

Tpe<pOt)<rol/JiriP

Tp€<p0eirjv

TcrpafipLipos etjjp

Tpaxelriv

TpaTr)<ro[/i7}P

Terpe-'polfirjv

rpixou

Tpi<pOriri

Tirpayj/o

Tpdvi}6i

TpixeffOcu

Tp€<pdl^€ff6(U

Tp€<p6ijpai

TeTpd<f>0ai

rpwrifvai

Tparq<rea6cu

Terpd^eaBai

Tperbiievos

Tp€(f>0r]ff6/xa>os

Tp€(pdeli

TerpamUvoi

rpareii

Tparijcdfuvos

Terpe^SfJuevos

Tperolfjirjv

Tpe^oLfi-qv

Tpf\f/alfir]v

TpaxolfJLtjv

rpixov

Tp4\pat

Tparov

TpixfffOai

Tpi\fieff$ax

Tphf/turOai

rpaviaOai

.TperSfievos

TpeTpd/s^voi

Tpe\l>i4i€voi

Tpaxbfuvos

a28i17

252 MUTE VERBa

MUTE VERBS—

INDICATIVE. SDBJ0NCTITE.

Pres. velOu irelOu

Imperf. iireidov

Fut. irel<ru

>Aor. I. lwei<Ta trdffO}

Perf. viireiKa ireirdKO)

< Pluperf. iweirelKeiv

Aor. II. îriOov Tridu

Perf. II. viwoiOa T€Trol0(i)

Pluperf. II. iiretroldetv

Pres. Treldofiai irelOufiai

Imperf. iireiOofiTiv

Fat. I. ireKrO-^jofiai

Âor. I. €weUr6r]P ireiaOu)

i Perf. rriirei(T/JM,i ireireifffi^vot c5

Pluperf. îreireiafirjv

Aor. II. * eiridr)V iriOw

Fut. II. * TnO-f)(TotiaL

Fut. III. * ireirelffo/Mai

Pres. irelSoftai vel$u/jLal

sImperf. iireiOofiriv

aFut. veiffOfiai

Aor. I. iireicdfir]v TrelffWfiat

Aor. II. iirido/JLTJV irlOu/jiai

I

MUTE VEBBS. 363

'TreiOco, I persuade.

OPTATIVE. IMPERATIVE. INFINITIVE. PABTICIPLB.

ireldoifu ireWe reWeiv veldwv

jrelffoifu irelffeiv ireliTwv

veiuaifii veiffov ireiffai irelaai

iren-elKoifu viveiKe xexet/cA'ot TTEfl-eiACcij

vldoifu ride iriOeiv viOdv

ireirolOoifu irh-oiOe • Teiroidivai V€VOl0d)S

ireidol/jLTiv treldov ireWeadai ireMfifvos

ireia&rjffol/jLrjv weurOi^aeffdai veurdTjabnevoi

weurOelTpi velffOrp-i jretffOTJvai veurdels

TreireKTfUvos etrjv xln-euTO reirelaOai ireireiff/Uvoi

jndetrjp trie-rrri iriOijvai irideli

iridrjffol/Mrjv TiO-^ffeffOai iri^TjffdfJievos

ireireiffol/JiTjp veirelffeadai vereuro/tevoi

vei0ot/j.7iv velOov irelOeaOai ireiddufvos

jreuTolfj.r]v ireiaecrOai veiffbfjxvoi

xei(Taifij)v xeiffai TtlcaaOai veiffdfievos

iriOolfjiijv VI.0OV mdiaOat. vi06fiepos

2&4 LIQUID VERBS.

LIQUID VERBS—

INDICATIVE. BUBJUNCTIVB.

Pres. AtyAXw dyyiXXu

Imperf. ^êXXoj'

gFut. dyyeXQ

Aor. I. ^f776tXa dyyeCXu)O-< Perf. ^l77eXKa ifYyiXKw

Pluperf. ^YY^xeiv .

Aor. II. ijyyeXov dyy{\(a

Pres. dyyOiXo/Jui dyyiXXu/xai

Imperf. fjyyeXKofiijv

Fnt. I. dyyeXO'/iffOfiai

>Aor. I. iiyyÔrjv dyyeXOu

iPerf. fyyeX/Mi 177-yeX/i^j'os <3

SJ Plaperf. nyy^/J-V

Aor. IL fryy^v d77eXw

Fut. II, iyyeX-^ffoixai

Fut. III.

Pres. iyyiXXo/j-ai iyyfKXu/tat

M Imperf. êXU/ivV

g Fut. dyyeXoO/nai

3 Aor. I. iiyyeikdnrir d77efXw)[«it

Aor. II. fiyyeX6fj.r)v dyyAw/ittt

LIQUID VEBBS. 866

ay-yeXXw, / r&port.

OPTATITK. nfPXU.TIYS. IHnHITIT*. PABTICIPM.

d77AXoi/u dvyeX^c iyyMi€u> dyy^Xkuv

dVYeXw/w dyyeXeiv dyyeXQv

iyyeCKaxiu iyyiikov dyyetXot dyyeCXas

ijYy^XKOifu ^yyeXxh'cu TTVyeXActij

d.yyf\ot/u iyyeXe dyyeXer^ d'/^/eXuv

dyyeXXof/iJjj' iyy^XSov dyyfêffOai d77€XX6/x€TOj

dyye\dT}ffoi/JLi]v dyyeXdiêffOai dyyeX^Tjffd/itvoj

ayyeXdelrjP iyyÔWi dyyeXOTJPcu d77eX«eri

rfYêkfitvoi etTju ijyyeXffo î\0ai iTVyeXÂ'Oj

ayy€\eir]v dryAi;fft dyyeXijvai d77eXe/i

dYy€\i}<Toi/j.rjv dyyeXêo-ât dyyeXriffdfiePOi

dvyeXXof/tiji' d77AXoi; dyyMêaOai dyyfWdfievot

dyyeXol/JLTjv dyye\ela6ai dyyeXo^fievoi

dYYî^cU/JLV d77etX(u dyy€[\oLa0ai dyyeikd/ievos

ayye\ol/J,r]r d77eXo5 iyye\iff6(u dyyiKhixevoi

-fe

t

3m 1Pi -§

sa

> l-

gHPi ^&

*

a

ci 3

4d fc

Pci oo

a02 1-H s

P$«%

Jb

<J h:

w 2i

o

oHH&Q

4s

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3

I I•^ "1-

-I-I

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THE ADVANCED CLASS-BOOK OF BRITISH HISTORY. Crown8vo, 515 pages. Price 3s. Cd.

" The specialty of this work is that it endeavours to treat more fully

than has hitherto been done in school-books the interesting subject of

national life. The costume, manners, and ways of living of the people,

which, for old or young, are more important to be known than the

doings of kings and courtiers, are here sketched in a graphic and at-

tractive style. On the whole, we have seldom seen such a mass of

varied information condensed into so narrow a compass. The multi-

farious contents of the book are admirably digested, and the style of

composition is at once lively and concise. While calculated to bo

eminently useful as a school-book, it requires only to be known to com-

mend itself for purposes of general reading."

—

Scotsman." A. model of what a school history should be."

—

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BINDING SECT. MAY 6 1964

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