First Continental First Continental Congress Congress (1774)(1774)

55 delegates from 12 55 delegates from 12 coloniescoloniesAgendaAgenda How How

to respond to respond to the to the Coercive Coercive Acts & the Acts & the Quebec Act?Quebec Act?1 vote per colony 1 vote per colony represented.represented.

Attack by British to capture stockpiled arms,

Militia warned by Paul Revere.

Fort Ticonderoga Fort Ticonderoga (ti-con-de-roga) (ti-con-de-roga)

• Taken by Ethan Allen & the Green Taken by Ethan Allen & the Green Mountain Boys Mountain Boys

Cannons from TiconderogaCannons from Ticonderoga

Second Continental CongressSecond Continental Congress17751775

• Sent the Olive Branch Petition to King Sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George IIIGeorge III

“Attached to your majesty’s person, family, and government with all the devotion that principle and affection can inspire, connected with Great Britain by the strongest ties that can unite societies, and deploring every event that tends in any degree to weaken them, we solemnly assure your majesty, that we not only most ardently desire the former harmony between her and these colonies may be restored, but that a concord may be established between them on so firm a basis, as to perpetuate its blessings uninterrupted by any future dissension to succeeding generations of both countries.”

• Created the Continental Army and Created the Continental Army and appointed George Washington as appointed George Washington as commander in chiefcommander in chief

• http://www.history.com/shows/america-www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/george-the-story-of-us/videos/george-washington?m=518971d79ac04 washington?m=518971d79ac04

Continental ArmyContinental Army

Continental ArmyContinental Army

Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence (1776)(1776)

http://www.history.com/shows/http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/america-the-story-of-us/videos/declaration-of-independence# declaration-of-independence#

American lost b/c they ran out of ammo

Psychological victory

Thomas PaineThomas Paine

a.a. ““Common Sense” Common Sense” – Jan. 1776– Jan. 1776

b.b. 150,000 copies 150,000 copies

-- written in “common” & “simple” language so that all people -- written in “common” & “simple” language so that all people

could could understand understand

c. Wanted radical action for the coloniesc. Wanted radical action for the colonies

-- independence from Britain-- independence from Britain-- wanted the common people to elect ALL of their -- wanted the common people to elect ALL of their

gov’t gov’t

-- denounced the king & aristocrats of Britain as frauds -- denounced the king & aristocrats of Britain as frauds & & parasites parasites

“The period of debate is closed. Arms as the resource decide the contest … everything that is rightor reasonable pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, ‘TIS TIME TO PART”

-Thomas Paine“Common Sense” 1776

“ “ The cause of America is The cause of America is in a great measure the in a great measure the cause of all mankind!” cause of all mankind!”

(ending paragraph)(ending paragraph)

“ “O! ye that love mankind! Ye that dare oppose not O! ye that love mankind! Ye that dare oppose not only the tyranny but the tyrant, stand forth! Every only the tyranny but the tyrant, stand forth! Every spot of the old world is overrun with oppression. spot of the old world is overrun with oppression. Freedom hath been hunted round the globe. Freedom hath been hunted round the globe. Asia and Africa have long expelled her. Europe Asia and Africa have long expelled her. Europe regards her like a stranger, and England hath regards her like a stranger, and England hath given her warning to depart. O! Receive the given her warning to depart. O! Receive the fugitive, and prepare in time an asylum for fugitive, and prepare in time an asylum for mankind.” mankind.”

Military StrategiesMilitary Strategies

Defensive war

No nerve center

Moral rightness

Geographic isolation- extended supply lines

Knowledge of the countryside

Possibility of a foreign alliance

The American

s

The British

Well-trained existing army

Powerful navy

Experienced leadership

Manufacturing and finance

Loyalists / Tories

Washington & Continental Army cross the Delaware River

on Christmas nightSurprised the Hessians (German mercenaries)

http://www.history.com/topics/battles-of-trenton-and-princeton/videos#george-washington-makes-surprise-attack-on-trenton

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Df7kUedWwn8 v=Df7kUedWwn8

Moral booster – surprise attack Marched through the snow

with little supplies

Patriot victory convinces France to make alliance!

Ben Franklin = ambassador to France negotiates Alliance

Marquis de Lafayette = French general (aided Americans)

Supported cause of “liberty”Revenge for French and Indian War

The Battle of Saratoga

•American victory•Brings France into the war on the side of the Americans.

SaratogaSaratoga

A modern-day re-enactmenthttp://www.history.com/topics/battle-of-saratoga/videos#

Army barely survives3,000 men had

no shoes or coatssymbolized the heroism

of the Continental Army & Washington’s Leadership

http://www.history.com/shows/save-our-history/videos/george-washingtons-life-changing-battle

Baron Von Steuben & The Baron Von Steuben & The Marquis de Lafayette Marquis de Lafayette

• The Crisis – Thomas Paine The Crisis – Thomas Paine • December 23, 1776 December 23, 1776 • Washington has troops at Valley Forge Memorize … we will only read the first Washington has troops at Valley Forge Memorize … we will only read the first

paragraph paragraph

• THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper gives every thing its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods; and it would be strange indeed if so price upon its goods; and it would be strange indeed if so celestial an article as FREEDOM should not be highly rated. celestial an article as FREEDOM should not be highly rated. Britain, with an army to enforce her tyranny, has declared that Britain, with an army to enforce her tyranny, has declared that she has a right (not only to TAX) but "to BIND us in ALL she has a right (not only to TAX) but "to BIND us in ALL CASES WHATSOEVER" and if being bound in that manner, is CASES WHATSOEVER" and if being bound in that manner, is not slavery, then is there not such a thing as slavery upon not slavery, then is there not such a thing as slavery upon earth. Even the expression is impious; for so unlimited a power earth. Even the expression is impious; for so unlimited a power can belong only to God.can belong only to God.

The Wilderness Campaign to the WestOnly battle on frontier

Allowed US to have claim to Ohio & Tennessee Valley

George Rogers Clark

The Wilderness The Wilderness Campaign (the South)Campaign (the South)• Guerrilla WarfareGuerrilla Warfare• General Nathaniel Greene “the General Nathaniel Greene “the

fighting Quaker” fighting Quaker” • Thomas Sumter “the Gamecock” Thomas Sumter “the Gamecock” • Marian Francis “The Swamp Marian Francis “The Swamp

Fox” Fox” • leads Cornwallis to Yorktown … leads Cornwallis to Yorktown …

no fighting just hit and run raids no fighting just hit and run raids … harassment … harassment

Patriot victory Brit surrender Washington corners Lord Cornwallis

(Brit commander) on peninsulaFrench blockade prevents reinforcements

The Battle of Yorktown The Battle of Yorktown (1781)(1781)

Count de Rochambeau

AdmiralDe Grasse

French aid makesvictory possible.

Cornwallis’ Surrender at Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:Yorktown:

Painted by John Trumbull, 1797““The World Turned Upside The World Turned Upside

Down!” Down!”

The HORSE AMERICA, throwing his Master

1.Great Britain recognized USA

2.Northern border = Great Lakes

3.Western border = Mississippi River

4.Florida returned to Spain

5.G.B. agreed to remove troops from US territory

6.Loyalist would be returned their land

1.Great Britain recognized USA

2.Northern border = Great Lakes

3.Western border = Mississippi River

4.Florida returned to Spain

5.G.B. agreed to remove troops from US territory

6.Loyalist would be returned their land

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6ikO6LMxF4 v=Y6ikO6LMxF4

Review Video Review Video

• http://www.youtube.com/http://www.youtube.com/watch?watch?v=3EiSymRrKI4&list=PL8dPuuv=3EiSymRrKI4&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s (12:41 min) zO7s (12:41 min)