Nationalism

NationalismFirst CAUSE of World War IWHAT IS NATIONALISM AND HOW IS IT THE FIRST CAUSE OF WWI?

Spectrum of thought based upon where you live!!

Territorial GrowthNorthwest Territory: Individual colonies had once claimed the land bordered by the Appalachian Mountains, Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, and Great Lakes. When the Articles of Confederation were ratified, this landcalled the Northwest Territorywas turned over to the United States. Thousands of settlers moved into the territoryNorthwest OrdinanceLaw passed by the U.S. Congress to provide government for the Northwest Territory.

Territorial Growth AND Slavery

Why was this country so different?

Two distinct countries

Slavery and Civil WarsectionalismCompetition among sections or regions of a country. secedeWithdraw from a union.Slavery and Civil WarIn 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president. His Republican Party had already vowed to stop the spread of slavery to new territories.total warStrategy in which the enemys military and civilian resources are attackedAntietam- 23,000 casualties- bloodiest single day of the war- September 17, 1862 TOTAL WAR!!!

How were the Slaves Freed?Emancipation ProclamationExecutive order given by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 that ended slavery during the Civil War. The Proclamation did not apply to the five slave states that were not in rebellion, nor to most regions already controlled by the Union army; emancipation there would come after separate state actions and/or the December 1865 ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment, which made slavery illegal everywhere in the U.S.

Map Warm Up

What is nationalism?Book Definition:Love of ones country rather than ones native regionYour definition:

The Unification of GermanySection 2-3German UnificationMid 1800s Germany was a patchwork of independent statesIn the late 1800s Prussia led the fight for unification of these statesWHY Prussia and NOT Austria?After Napoleons conquests, Prussia along with Austria became two of the four great powers at the Congress of Vienna and joined the Quadruple AllianceCongress of Vienna granted important territories to Prussia including Saxony and areas along the lower Rhine River. (Helping Prussia)Before Napoleons downfall, he abolished the Holy Roman Empire but the Congress of Vienna did not restore it . (Hurting Austria b/c they lost influence over the German States)

4.) Prussia territories were primarily German5.) Austrian territories were many different nationalities like Hungarians, Romanians, Italians, and Slavs6.) After Congress of Vienna, Austria shifted its focus on Italy and the BALKANSSteps towards unificationEconomicallyHigh tariffs between states made trade expensive, driving up the cost of goodsJunkers- aristocratic landowners who complained about these tariffs hurting sales of farm productsCampaigned for freer movement of goods.1818 King of Prussia abolished tariffs within his territories

3.) Zollverein- Name given for the customs union of most German States in 1834Made prices lower and more uniformIndustrialization spread in the German Confederation due to free markets for goods and protection from foreign competitionUniform systems of weights, measures, and currency.PoliticallyEach state continued to act independentlyUprisings in France in 1848 caused a higher demand for liberal reforms throughout the German StatesCalls for reform failed at the diplomatic levelGerman system remained absolutist and separatedA King and his Prime Minister1861 William I became king of PrussiaAppointed Otto Von Bismarck to head the Prussian Cabinet

Otto Von BismarckPrussia must build up and preserve her strength for the favorable moment which has already come and gone many times. Her borders under the treaties of Vienna are not favorable to the healthy existence of the state. The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions- that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849- But by Blood and Iron.

Wars of Unification:The Danish WarKey Territory- Schelswig and HolsteinTerritory was acquired by combined forces of Austria and PrussiaAgreed that Prussian would control Schelswig and Austria would control HolsteinSeven Weeks WarBismarck provokes Austria to declaring war on PrussiaBismarck and Prussia defeat Austria in seven weeksTreaty of Prague- Austria surrendered Holstein to PrussiaGerman Confederation was dissolved

C. The Franco Prussian War-Bismarcks goal, to combine states in southern Germany to join North German Confederation-1870His opportunity came in the form of a telegram

-Bismarck edited the telegram so that it sounded as though the king had insulted the French ambassador-France declared war on Prussia in 1870

-Napoleon III surrendered-lost the territory of Alsace and LorraineFormation of the German Empire:January 1871Representatives of German states met in Hall of Mirrors (Palace of Versailles- France)William I was proclaimed German emperorBismarck named chancellor- Iron ChancellorConstitution 187125 German StatesKaiser- German emperor, headed the federal governmentThe Legislative BranchBundesrat- The Upper HouseReichstag- Lower House, had limited powers of liberal changeGerman Empire Continued..The German constitution strongly favored the interests of PrussiaPrussian king ruled GermanyHad most representatives in legislature

Section 3: Opposition to BismarckProblems for the New EmpireNew government gave people little voiceFormed a variety of factions (political parties)Prussians were more conservativeNew constitution favored Prussia (Bundesrat)Growing liberal parties threatened Bismarck and the New Empire

Problems ContinuedCatholics- Centre PartyKulturkampfculture struggleStrict and repressive rules against the CatholicsBismarck eventually modified the law to make Germany more accepting of CatholicsIndustrial DevelopmentGermany becomes an industrial giantHas many natural resources- coal and ironIndustrialism comes late (advantage)Government promoted business

Consequences of Industrialism?SocialismGrowing labor force living in povertyA strong need to bring about government reformSocial Democratic PartyNumber of representatives grew in the ReichstagCouldnt get many laws passed BUT serving in the Reichstag served as a public forumBismarcks responseNumber of socialists in Germany alarmed BismarckThere were two assassination attempts made on the KaiserBismarck blamed the socialists (wrongfully)Created many laws to persecute and suppress the socialistsSDP still grew in numbersHe started to grant reforms socialists wanted This did not make Germany socialist but it calmed down workers grievancesBismarck ResignsNew Kaiser William II- believed in absolute authority-he was a strict conservativeClashes with Bismarck who wants to give into liberal demands (Bismarck just wants a unified Germany)William II forces Bismarck to resign