first aid chapter 15 cold related emergencies. frost nip freezing limited to skin surface freezing...
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First AidFirst Aid
Chapter 15
Cold Related Emergencies
Frost nipFrost nipFreezing limited to skin surface
Freezing of water on skin surface
Frost nipFrost nipSkin red and swollenNo further damage after re-warmingFirst sigh of impeding frost bite
Frost nipFrost nipGently warm by placing against a warm body part. Can blow warm air on Do not rub
Frost BiteFrost BiteFreezing extending deeper into skin and flesh
Frost BiteFrost BiteOccurs when temp drops below freezing
Mainly effects feet, hands, ears, nose
Frost BiteFrost BiteSevere consequences are gangrene and amputation
Frost BiteFrost BiteCannot judge extent of injury until after thawing occurs
Frost BiteFrost BiteCan be classified as:
Superficial
Deep
Frost BiteFrost BiteSuperficialSkin color white, waxy, or grayish yellow
Feels cold & numb
Tingling, stinging or aching sensation
Skin surface feels stiff or crusty but underlying
tissue is soft.
Frost BiteFrost BiteDeepFeels cold, hard and solid.Cold pale, waxy skin colorPainful parts suddenly stops hurtingBlisters after thawing
Frost Bite: What to DoFrost Bite: What to DoGet out of cold & into warm placeRemove any clothing or items that could impair circulationSMA
Frost Bite What to DoFrost Bite What to DoIf more than 1 hour from a medical facility:
Re-warm by placing in warm, not hot water.
Control pain with analgesics
Frost Bite What to DoFrost Bite What to DoAfter thawing:
Will not be able to walk if feet
are effected
Place gauze btw toes or fingers
Elevate effected part
Frost Bite What to DoFrost Bite What to DoDO NOTRub or massageUse heating pad or hot water bottlesConsume alcoholSmokeRe-warm if possibility of re-freezing
HypothermiaHypothermiaLife threatening
Body core temp falls below 95
Hypothermia: What to Look ForHypothermia: What to Look For
Change in mental statusShiveringCool abdomenLow core body temp
Hypothermia: TypesHypothermia: Types
Mild:Core temp
above 90 ShiveringSlurred speechMemory lapseCold hands, feet and abdomens
Hypothermia: TypesHypothermia: Types
Severe:Core temp below 90. Shivering has stopped
Muscles stiff & rigid
Skin is ice cold
Pulse and breathing slow down
Pupils dilate
Appears dead
Hypothermia: What to DoHypothermia: What to Do
Stop further heat loss: Get out of cold Replace wet
clothing Insulate beneath
and around victim
SMA
Learning Activities 15Learning Activities 15
1. 1. Rub or massage to re-warm Rub or massage to re-warm frostbitten partfrostbitten part. .
No
Frostbite
Learning Activities 15Learning Activities 15
2. F2. Frostbite damage becomes rostbite damage becomes more severe if affected part more severe if affected part is thawed and re-frozenis thawed and re-frozen. .
Yes
Frostbite
Learning Activities 15Learning Activities 15
3. It is best to re-warm a 3. It is best to re-warm a ffrostbitten part with warm rostbitten part with warm waterwater. .
Yes
Frostbite
Learning Activities 15Learning Activities 15
4. 4. Placing frostbitten hands in Placing frostbitten hands in another person’s armpits is the another person’s armpits is the best re-warming method. best re-warming method.
No
Frostbite
Learning Activities 15Learning Activities 15
5. When near a hospital, it is best 5. When near a hospital, it is best to let medical personal thaw to let medical personal thaw the frthe frostbitten part. ostbitten part.
Yes
Frostbite
Learning Activities 15Learning Activities 15ScenerioScenerio: Subfreezing temps. Elderly man in : Subfreezing temps. Elderly man in
stalled truck. Spilled gasoline on stalled truck. Spilled gasoline on hands. Stranded for over 3 hours. hands. Stranded for over 3 hours. Numb fingers. Cold feet. Numb fingers. Cold feet. What to do? What to do?
Get to warm placeRemove constricting clothingSMA Thaw with wam water if help is delayed
Learning Activities 15Learning Activities 15
1. 1. Add insulation, (blankets) Add insulation, (blankets) under and over victimunder and over victim..
Yes
Hypothermia
Learning Activities 15Learning Activities 15
2. 2. Replace wet clothing with Replace wet clothing with dry clothingdry clothing..
Yes
Hypothermia
Learning Activities 15Learning Activities 15
3. 3. Shivering is sufficient to Shivering is sufficient to re-warm a mild re-warm a mild hypothermia victimhypothermia victim..
Yes
Hypothermia
Learning Activities 15Learning Activities 15
4. 4. For mild hypothermia, heat For mild hypothermia, heat packs, using a rescuer's packs, using a rescuer's body are preferred methods body are preferred methods for re-warmingfor re-warming
No
Hypothermia
Learning Activities 15Learning Activities 15
5. 5. Severe hypothermia, Severe hypothermia, should be transported to should be transported to hospital for re-warminghospital for re-warming
Yes
Hypothermia
Learning Activities 15Learning Activities 15
6. Check a severe hypothermia 6. Check a severe hypothermia victim’s pulse for at least 30-45 victim’s pulse for at least 30-45 secondsseconds
Yes
Hypothermia
Learning Activities 15Learning Activities 15
Handle gently
SMA
Add blankets under and over.
Scenario: cold day. 80 y/o grandfather. Wrapped in blanket laying on top of bed. House very cold. He can only mumble. . What to do?