WELCOME TO

WELCOME TO FIRST AID1

2What is FIRST AID ?

3FIRST AID IS.A matter of Common SenseApplication of mindSwift Response

4DEFINITION First aidis the provision of initial care for anillnessorinjury.

It is usually performed by non-expert, but trained personnel to a sick or injured person until definitivemedical treatmentcan be accessed.

Certain self-limiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require further medical care past the first aid intervention.

It generally consists of a series of simple and in some cases, potentially life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment.

5SCOPE OF FIRST AIDFrom the definition four things are apparent :

PREVENT further deterioration

PRESERVE in the same condition

PROMOTE recovery

To arrange for regular Medical AID

6METHOD OF FIRST AID

Diagnosis TreatmentDisposal

7DIAGNOSIS BASED ON

Circumstantial EvidenceSignsSymptoms (Patient tells)

(you observe)

8PRIORITIES OF FIRST AID

Check BreathingCheck Blood lossTreat Shock

Treat FractureLook For Simple InjuriesDisposal

9BREATHING PROCESS

10CHECK BREATHING

Can Hear It Can Feel ItCan Observe It

(Normal Person Breathes 15-18 Times In One Minute)

11ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

Mouth To Mouth Mouth To Nose

@ 10 Breaths Per Minute& Check Pulse

Give 2 ventilations if there is no breathing

12CHEST COMPRESSION(Give 30 Compression if there is no Circulation)

13RECOVERY POSITION (In case of unconscious casualty)

14BLEEDING (HAMEORRAGE)

Blood Contains About 5 Liters in a normal body

- Red cells- White cells- Plasma

15BLOOD CIRCULATES THROUGH

Arteries

Carry Blood from Heart to body

Capillaries

Small Blood Vessels

Veins

Carry Blood Back to Heart

16CIRCULATORY PROCESS

17CIRCULATORY PROCESS

Blood react with Oxygen returns with Heart

Where it is pumped out to the body

18CIRCULATORY PROCESS

Blood is collected from the Body19CIRCULATORY PROCESS

It is pumped to lungs to collect Oxygen20CIRCULATORY PROCESS

21CYCLE OF FLOW OF BLOOD LV

Body

RARV

RVL1L2LALV

(LUNGS)(HEART)(HEART)(72-80 Times in one minute)

22HOW TO CHECK BLEEDING ? (HAEMORRHAGE)

Direct Pressure Indirect Pressure

Press Near the woundApply dressingPress The Pressure Point Temporal Region 2 Back of Ear 2 Jaw 2 Collar Bone 2 Armpit 2 Upper Arm 2 Wrist 2 Elbow-2 Sides of Abdomen 2 Groin 2 Back of Knee 2 Ankle - 2

Pressure bandageUse a roller bandage (preferably crepe bandage)b)Give support to the limb

23INTERNAL BLEEDING

Bleeding from Nose/Ears.Bleeding from Lungs with coughFrom Stomach with Vomiting

Through Urine (Bladder, Unitary track, Kidney) Through Rectum with Stool (injury in intestines)

TREATMENT Handle Carefully and transport for Medical AID

24Impairment of Normal Functioning of Body, is Shock.SHOCKTwo TypesEstablished ShockNervous Shock

Asphyxia

Bleeding

Sickness

Bad/Good News

Heat/Cold/Hunger

Injury to Brain/Spine

25SHOCK : SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Discoloration of FaceLoss of PowerSlow/weak Pulse

Cold SweatingIrregular Breathing/Shallow breathingNausea & Giddiness

Clammy & Sandy SkinFall in Temperature

26SHOCK TREATMENT

Remove Cause From Effect

Lay down the Patient & Loose Clothing

Let Fresh Air Come

Reassure the Patient

Try to Maintain Temperature

Resort to Artificial Respiration

Arrange Medical Aid

SHOCK TREATMENT DO NOT GIVE ANYTHING ORALLY

GIVE NORMAL HOT OR COLD WHEN PATIENT IS CONSCIOUS OR REGAINS CONSCIOUSNESS

ALWAYS SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE27

Skeleton System

28

SKELETONHEAD CAVITY : BRAIN/EYES/EARS /MOUTH/JAWS.

CHEST ACAVITY : LUNGS/HEART/ SPLEEN/LEVER/ KIDNEYS

STOMACH : DIGESTIVE SYSTEM/ EXCRETARY SYSTEM

SMALL LIMBS : HANDS/ARMS/ FEET/LEGS ETC . 29

BONES IN BODY

An adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones.These include:

22 Cranial and Facial Bones 6 Ear Bones

1 Throat Bone 4 Shoulder Bones

25 Chest Bones 26 Vertebral Bones

6 Arm and Forearm bones 54 Hand Bones

2 Pelvic Bones 8 Leg Bones 52 Foot Bones

30

JOINTS

MOVEABLE

PARTIALLY MOVEABLE

IMMOVEABLE31

TYPES OF JOINTS

HINGE JOINTS

PIVOTAL JOINTS

BALL & SOCKET JOINTS32

33FRACTUREAny Breaking, Bending, Dislocation or Cracking of Bone is called Fracture.

TYPES OF FRACTURE SIMPLE OR CLOSED COMPOUND COMPLICATED COMMINUTED DEPRESSED IMPACTED GREENSTICK34

CAUSES OF FRACTURE

DIRECT INJURY

INDIRECT INJURY

MUSCULAR CONTRACTION OR EXPANSION35

36FRACTURE : SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

PainSwellingTenderness

Loss of PowerDeformityUnnatural Movement

Irregularity

Crapitus

37FRACTURE TREATMENT

Make The Patient ComfortablePrevent Any MovementCheck Bleeding

Treat for ShockImmobilize the LimbGive Support

Transportation.

MuscularSystem38

39WOUNDS Any cut in the outer surface of the body is a wound or impairment in the blood vessels.

Wounds are of two types:

OPEN

CLOSED (mostly head injuries)

40WOUNDS TYPES / CLASSIFICATIONS

INCISED

PUNCTURED

LACERATEDCONTUSED

41WOUNDS TREATMENT

LAYDOWN THE PATIENT OR ASK HIM TO SIT DOWN

LIFT THE LIMB IF POSSIBLE

APPLY PRESSURE ON THE WOUND - ON PRESSURE POINT

42WOUNDS TREATMENT

IN CASE OF INTERNAL BLEEDING:APPLY COLD FORMULATIONS

APPLY TOURNIQUET (All precautions)

43BURNS & SCALDS

Burn is an injury to the body by excessive heat or excessive cold.

Burns : Dry Heat (fire, flame, metal, sun, electricity etc and friction

Scalds : Moist Heat (steam, boiling water, milk, tea, oil etc)

ChemicalBurns : Acids : H2SO4 , Nitric Acid, Hcl

Alkalis : Caustic Soda, Potash, Ammonia or quick lime

Gases : Liquid O2 or Nitrogen

44BURNS & SCALDS

Area and not the degree of burn is important(Rule of 9)

BURN CAUSESIntense Pain

Shock

Infection

Scars after Healing

45BURNS & SCALDS

MANAGEMENTReassure the patientClean wrap the woundCover the woundWash with fresh waterKeep the patient warmKeep hands above the heart & feet elevatedKeep the face prop & observe continuouslyCold pack may also be applied (not excessive cold)Do not remove clothingDo not break blistersTreat for shockMove quickly to hospitalRemove ring, watch, bangles, belt & bootsCan give weak soda & salt solution if patient is conscious and not vomiting.

46BURNS & SCALDS

FOR MINOR BURNSClean the AreaSubmerge in waterGive soda & salt solutionCover DryWarm drinksWash well for chemical corrosive burnsCan also neutralize and diluteRemove contaminated clothingWash the face/eye sidewaysNo rubbing of eyes

47POISONPoison is any such thing which after coming into contact or entering the body is capable of causing harm or leads to deathIt can be:

Accidental orIntentional

Can enter the Body:

Through mouth (solid or liquid)Through skin (injection or sting etc)Through nose (gases or toxic fumes)

48POISONPoison may be:

Corrosive or burning (acids, alkalis, insecticides)Non-Corrosive (decomposed food, fungus etc)Depressants (opium, dhatura, sankhiya etc)

Signs and Symptoms

If through mouth (nausia, vomiting, lose motions, and stomach-ache)Burning of lips, tongue, mouth and throatAffect the brain (can cause asphyxia, deep sleep, fits, unconsciousness and giddiness

49POISONTREATMENT

Call the doctor immediatelyKeep samples, if possible, of poison, bottle, box or vomitIf Unconscious-Do not induce vomiting-Keep the patient in recovery position-Artificial respiration, if neededIf Conscious-Give enough water to drink-Do not induce vomiting if acid, alkali or any other chemical is taken-Induce vomiting in other cases(a) By luke warm salty water(b) By irritating tongue/throatGive antidote if availableKeep the patient warm

50SIMPLE INJURY

Disinfect the woundWash with waterCover with any clean thing

Dont apply any lotion except diluted mercurochrome Tincture Iodine etc.Use disinfectant sprays if available

51Transportation

Seek for Ambulance(local Hospital or Nursing home)Use Stretcher

Handle the spine fracture victim with utmost care and CautionOR

Place the patient under proper care102 : Ambulance1099 : Cats(Improvise if not available) (Bicycle, coil, shirt or Blanket etc,)

52MODES OF CARRYING Single Person (One First Aiders)

Cradle

Human Crutch

53MODES OF CARRYING

Pick a Back

Fire mans lift

54MODES OF CARRYING Hand Seat (Two First Aiders)

Four Handed Seat

Two Arm Seat (When The Casualty is Co-operating)

55MODES OF CARRYING

when not conscious or cant assist

Use Hand lock

56MODES OF CARRYING

When space does not permittwo hand seat

Improvised (chair)

57MODES OF CARRYING

Carrying Stretcher

58TRIANGULAR BANDAGE

3838(Preferably Marcin cloth)We get Two Triangular Bandages

59TRIANGULAR BANDAGE

60FIRST AID BOX Large : 17 x 10 x 6 Medium : 16 x 7 x 4Small : 5 x 3 x 2

61FIRST AID BOX EquipmentCONTENTS

Dressings

Medicine for Local Application

Medicine for OralApplication

62FIRST AID BOX Safety PinsEquipment

Scissors

Pad & Pen

Measuring Cup

Torch

Splints

Bamboo Sticks

Cotton WoolDressings

Sterilized Dressings

Eye Pad

Adhesive Plaster

Roller Bandages

Triangular Bandages

Gauze

Band-aids

Stretch Bandage

63FIRST AID BOX Savlon/DettolFor Local Application

Eye drops/Ointment

Tincture Iodine

Tincture Benzoin

Iodex etc.

SaltFor Oral Application

Sugar

Sodamint

Aspirin(250-350 mg.)

Medicines

EYEFOREIGN OBJECTSLOCAL INJURYBLEEDINGS Internal External

Over exposureAny inflammation or infection

64

DONTS

DO NOT RUB THE EYESDO NOT PANICDO NOT USE ANY MEDICINE65

DOS KEEP CALM

REMOVE FOREIGN OBJECTS IF POSSIBLE

GIVE COLD COMPRESS IN CASE OF INTERNAL BLEEDING

WASH THE EYE WITH FRESH WATER FOR ANY CHEMICAL BURN SMALL FOREIGN OBJECT66

67The End

RESHOP NANDA .P JAITHAR .I PRAVEEN KUMAR .S Rajasimman .P RAMANAN .S68DONE BY :