1

LIVIC

LIVIC Fireworks Edition

Nov 2017

2

LIVIC

Editor ’s Rant Dear Skemptonites, November rolls in and as the cold front approaches, we (or at least those of us not born in this awful climate) begin to wrap up, suit up and hide in our rooms next to the heaters, every morning mentally forcing ourselves to come to lectures (or not) despite our desire to never leave our warm beds. November in the UK is for Guy Fawkes Night. November for me used to stand for the Malaysian school holidays, where I went from being an annoying brat in school to being an annoying brat at home. My first exposure to Guy Fawkes was through V for Vendetta, where I wondered why anyone would want to celebrate him. Anyway, since I know you guys are always on the lookout for reasons to get smashed, even if that reason is some guy in 1605 trying to blow up Parliament to kill a King and a lot of posh people and failing, I’ve got a page about Fireworks parties around London that may interest you. I’ve got some smashing articles from faculty and alumni (though he’s from Mech Eng, not Civil Eng) about their experiences, which can inform your career choices, or at least make for a good read. Also, CivSoc tour, something that you cannot miss for the world! CivSoc has got amazing events planned for you this month, with details inside.

As the Chinese saying goes: “万事俱备,只欠东风”. Ten thousand things are ready,

only lacking the east wind, namely, you. “East wind?” you may ask. It refers to a ship ready to sail, namely, our events. Maybe one day you too will win the coveted Civsocks. You’re halfway there. You’re living on a prayer. Until next month, Jian Li

Cover photo: The Oculus at the World Trade Center

Credit: Crystal Ng Pei Qi

3

LIVIC

What ’s On in Nov

Bar Night

Thu 9 Nov, Union Bar, 18:00-late

Come along to enjoy cheap booze and celebrate surviving the first half of first term (I know. How did we do it?). This will be in the Union Bar and fun will be had. If you don’t have fun I don’t know what’s wrong with you.

Tickets are available online for the low, low price of £7, which gets you three drinks vouchers worth £9. Since you know your maths you know that’s a good deal. Don’t worry if you don’t drink as soft drinks are available too!

Night of Engineering Philosophy

Tue 14 Nov, Mezzanine Level - 224/240

Whoever said that art and science don’t mix have never been to one of our most popular events. This is a chance to forget, put work and lectures aside and discover the philosopher poet in you. Join us and engage in an informal discussion that presents engineering in a different perspective with your peers and lecturers. A tasteful spread of cheese and wine will leave you feeling sophisticated.

Pub Quiz

Tue 28 Nov, Mezzanine Level - 224/240

This runaway success gets better and better every year! Free pizza, free beer, free bantz, the chance to beat (or horror of horrors, join) Professor Wadee on a booze-filled quiz field, what’s not to love? A perfect time to put your general knowledge to the test, and try your luck to get the ultimate prize. Seriously, I can’t recommend this enough!

4

LIVIC

Industry Talks and

Staff Seminars

Thu 9 Nov

Skem 201

12:00-13:00

Thu 16 Nov Staff Seminar Series:

Skem 201 Dr Adam Jan Sadowski

12:00-13:00

Thu 23 Nov Geotechnics Consulting

Skem 301 Group

12:00-13:00

5

LIVIC

Fireworks Alexandra Palace – Fri 3 and Sat 4 Nov, £11

This year the main event is more spectacular than ev-er. Set against unrivalled panoramic views of London the fireworks display will illuminate the evening sky for an unforgettable experience. Bigger, brighter and including an epic laser show – this is the capital’s hot-test bonfire night ticket for a reason.

Fri: Laser show 20:30, fireworks 21:00 Sat: Laser show 19:30, fireworks 20:00

Battersea Park – Sat 4 Nov, £9.50-11

The award-winning pyro-technicians, Jubilee Fire-works, are powering up for what promises to be an electrifying 22 minute firework display, set to music inspired by this year’s theme “Power”.

18:00 — Gates open 18:00 onwards — Pre-show entertainment, food, bars 19:30 — Bonfire lit 20:00 — Fireworks No entry after 20:00.

Crystal Palace – Sun 5 Nov, £8.50-9.50

One of the city’s longest-running fireworks displays, the annual Crystal Palace Park Firework Display brings thousands to the South London park that’s also famed for its dinosaurs. Expect plenty of family fun, including a children’s firework display, food, and chil-dren’s activities at this alcohol-free event.

18:00 — Gates open 19:00 — Children’s show 20:15 — Gates close 20:30 — Main family show

Bishop’s Park – Fri 3 Nov, £6-8

Stand back and watch in awe as the sky lights up with fireworks at Bishop’s Park. Prices have been frozen making this one of the cheapest displays in London. You can also enjoy the rides at the funfair, and tuck into plenty of warming food and drink throughout the evening.

18:00—21:30 — Event time 19:15 — Children’s event 20:00 — Main display

Tickets for all events can only be

bought online from their respec-

tive websites.

6

LIVIC

We Asked You to Choose

7

LIVIC

And the Winner is...

The provisional dates for tour are Saturday 24th March 2017 – Thursday 29h March

2017. Congratulations to all of you who made it and are coming on tour! For those of you

that didn’t, buy your own ticket and your own accommodation and come along anyway! It’s

going to be a whale of a time!

“Outspoken, adventurous, proud and audacious: Belgrade is by no means a 'pretty' capital,

but its gritty exuberance makes it one of the most happening cities in Europe. While it hurt-

les towards a brighter future, its chaotic past unfolds before your eyes: socialist blocks are

squeezed between art nouveau masterpieces, and remnants of the Habsburg legacy con-

trast with Ottoman relics.”(LP)

Facts

Pint price: £1.50 Cost of a meal: £5.00 Cost of a Pljeskavica: £2.50 Students: 90,000 students, the University is one of Europe's largest. Weather Forecast: 15-18°C and healthy amounts of sun Cool people: • Nikolai Tesla • Novak Djokovic Sights: • Kalemegdan Fortress • Nikola Tesla Museum • Skadarlija Bohemian Quarter • Avala Tower • Museum of Yugoslavia • Novi Sad (1hr away)

Dress code:

(Those shoes though)

8

LIVIC

‘WISER: Water Infrastructure for Schisto-

somiasis-Endemic Regions’

Dr Michael Templeton, the Director of Undergraduate Studies in our De-partment, recently was successful in winning a research grant from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) for a three-year project entitled ‘WISER: Water Infrastructure for Schistosomiasis-Endemic Regions’. The project started on 1 May 2017 and has a budget of £1,487,272.

Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia or 'snail fever', is a parasitic disease carried by fresh water snails that are infected by one of five varie-ties of the parasite Schisto-soma. Schistosomiasis is transmitted by human con-tact with contaminated fresh water that are inhabited by snails carrying the parasite. Larvae, known as cercariae, emerge from the infected

snails and swim in the water until they come into contact with an individu-al and penetrate the skin. The transmission to humans can occur through a range of normal water contact activities such as collection of drinking water, bathing, washing clothes, swimming or fishing. Once inside the body the larvae develop into worms which live in the blood vessels for years. Female worms shed eggs which end up in urine and faeces; if in-fected individuals urinate or defecate into freshwater bodies, the eggs mi-grate to snails where they hatch and begin the cycle again.

The symptoms of schistosomiasis can include frequent painful and bloody urine, abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea, inflammation and scarring of the bladder, enlargement of the liver or spleen, and where in-fection persists, bladder cancer may develop. In children it leads to ane-mia, malnutrition and learning difficulties, thus dramatically impairing their future quality of life and productivity. It is estimated that 258 million people are infected in 78 countries worldwide, though 90% of the infec-tions occur in Africa. Schistosomiasis kills an estimated 280,000 people annually and ranks second only to malaria as the most common parasitic disease.

Schistosomiasis worm. Credit: David Williams, Illinois

State University

9

LIVIC

The drug praziquantel is the primary form of treatment, with a single dose reducing the burden of infection and severity of symptoms. However, re-infection will quickly occur when people are re-exposed to contaminated water. Education campaigns about the risks of exposure to contaminated water and improved water supply and sanitation should in theory break the life cycle of the disease. Universal sanitation coverage should prevent the passage of urine and faeces into contaminated water bodies, however there is always a danger of transmission by infected people visiting from elsewhere and urinating or defecating into the water body, or occasional lapses in the usage of sanitation facilities. Mollusciciding (i.e. killing the snails) has also been suggested as a solution, however there are con-cerns regarding potential unintended consequences of dosing mollusci-cides into water bodies, and the long-term effectiveness and sustainabil-ity of this strategy is questionable, since the snails could return at some point in the future.

In some cases there may be alternative water sources (e.g. boreholes), however often such sources aren’t available or sufficient in endemic re-gions. Therefore, the immediate focus for cutting schistosomiasis trans-mission must be treating the contaminated freshwater body. Unfortunate-ly however, there is very limited and incomplete information available re-garding the effectiveness of water treatment processes at removing or in-activating cercariae of different Schistosoma. Also, there are no rapid means for detecting cercariae in water samples and determining their vi-ability, which makes assessing the degree of contamination of a water body and testing the effectiveness of water treatment processes as barri-ers against cercariae difficult.

The WISER research programme aims to address these gaps in critical knowledge through a collaboration between civil-environmental engi-neers, synthetic biologists, parasitologists, and social scientists in the UK, Ethiopia and Tanzania, in the hope of developing invaluable new knowledge to guide the design of sustainable water infrastructure for schistosomiasis-endemic regions.

Besides Dr Templeton’s group, the other project partners are Addis Aba-ba University (Ethiopia), the National Institute for Medical Research (Tanzania), the Natural History Museum’s Department of Life Sciences, and Professor Paul Freemont’s group in the Faculty of Medicine at Imperi-al. Further information about the research can be found at www.wiserschisto.com. There will be opportunities for interested under-graduate students to get involved in this research over the next few years, so speak to Dr Templeton if you’re keen.

10

LIVIC

Have you Considered a Career in Research?

Prof M Ahmer Wadee

Director of Postgraduate Research

The path in your life hitherto has most probably been quite well de-fined: you were at school, undoubtedly passed examinations with ex-cellent attainment and made it to study civil engineering at Imperial. So what next? Surely, people have said “it’s time to get a proper job” or “I want to join the real world” or some other lazy cliché, but have you considered all the options open to you? The UK famously has a shortage of engineers and Imperial graduates are therefore in high demand. There is also the ‘dark side’ of the financial sector (or what-ever may remain of it after the cataclysm that is Brexit), luring the un-wary with promises of high salaries and long stressful hours. Engi-neers are practical problem solvers, but a particular reason why Im-perial civil engineering graduates are in such demand is that our MEng degree is highly technical compared to most other UK civil en-gineering degrees; an intake with outstanding potential is converted to a group of excellent graduates with highly transferable skills. An additional reason is that our Department is consistently ranked in the top echelons of civil engineering departments worldwide. Neverthe-less, have you wondered why our rank is so high? What makes us world leading? One answer is the quality of research produced with-in the Department.

Fine, but who does the research? How did these individuals that stand up in front of you in lectures, tutorials, laboratory classes and field trips get into research? What is the career path for a researcher? How can you get into research? Have you ever been curious about what the academic staff and graduate teaching assistants do when they are not teaching undergraduates? Well, one thing they are not doing is sitting in their offices waiting for you to knock on their door (unless of course you have arranged to see them) and they certainly do not spend the entire summer vacation months on holiday.

My journey into research and subsequently academia outwardly seems very straightforward: graduating with a prizewinning BEng in Civil Engineering with First Class Honours in 1994, followed immediat-

11

LIVIC

ely by an MSc with distinction in Structural Steel Design in 1995, both obtained in this Department. This was followed by a doctorate (PhD) in nonlinear structural stability in the Mechanical Engineering Depart-ment at the University of Bath in 1998. After a further year as a re-search associate in Bath, I returned to Imperial in 1999 and I am still here today. There were several key factors that influenced my career choice. Probably the most critical was the fact that my older brother was a research student in the Structures Section in this Department when I joined Imperial as an undergraduate. This gave me an extend-ed insight into life within the research community by getting to know the Structures researchers and staff at a more social level. I was also somewhat unfortunate to have a fairly negative experience in industry during the summer before my final undergraduate year – I seemed to spend the majority of my 10 weeks performing hand calculations eval-uating the cross-section properties of a bridge. This, frankly, rather dull experience put me off working in industry, at least for the immedi-ate future (at the time). Finally, I relished the challenge of my under-graduate research project. Although not much tangible was achieved within that period, I began to realise that what we learned as under-graduates was necessarily quite superficial. Therefore, with my de-sire to make a career in structural engineering, I felt that I had to mas-ter the relevant topics at a more fundamental level. All these factors led me eventually deciding to study for a masters and subsequently a doctorate.

What is a doctorate? Simply put, it is the training course for becoming a researcher. Doctoral students typically have one or two supervisors who oversee their progress and this team dynamic plays a critically important role in the student’s development, with the aim that the stu-dent will be able to direct their own research in the latter stages. Clas-sically, a doctorate is 3-year programme but, unlike taught Bachelors and Masters courses, it is only complete once the student has submit-ted a thesis that contains original work of a publishable standard. A doctorate is assessed by an external and an internal examiner with the candidate having to defend their work in a viva voce interview to their satisfaction. At Imperial, students may submit their thesis after two complete years but not beyond four. The vast majority of students in our Department complete their doctorate successfully and submit on average around the three-and-a-half year point. There are scholar-ship schemes for home, EU and overseas students that may include

12

LIVIC

all tuition fees and the maintenance stipend. The stipend is far more generous now than in my time, but we were not saddled with massive debts on graduation. In real terms, the stipend is only slightly below the starting salary of a graduate engineer. These scholarships are usually highly competitive and being awarded one is no mean achievement. Some scholarships are controlled by the Department, some by the College and some externally – the Department Research Office can provide details.

The initial task is to define the research question; this may seem trivi-al, but from personal experience, this is one of the most difficult parts of the research process. Once the research question is posed, the answers tend to present themselves; this, again, may seem obvious, but it is only straightforward if the student has spent the requisite time becoming intimately familiar with relevant previous work and mastering the relevant techniques such as up-to-date theories, data acquisition and analysis, software and so on. There is also no need to rush—being cautious, meticulous and sceptical of your own results is not a sign of weakness and in fact saves time from the outset. Being rigorous is absolutely essential and results must be ethically and carefully obtained. Validation of research results is also critically im-portant; without some form of independent verification, any results obtained would simply be assertions and is insufficient for a scientific study of a publishable standard.

Publication of research in an internationally renowned journal, as dis-tinct from producing the final thesis, is the standard doctoral supervi-sors set for research students. It is the route we use to share our find-ings dispassionately and scientifically to benefit society. Moreover, it is one of the ways that an individual research profile can be estab-lished and creativity demonstrated. Indeed, returning to the question of why our Department has such a strong reputation, one reason that stands out is the overall quality of our published research in terms of academic and industrial impact. This is routinely evaluated in univer-sity league tables such as the QS World University Rankings and by the UK government’s periodic Research Excellence Framework (REF) exercise, last held in 2014, with the next one in 2021.

Another important route to disseminate research is to present it in person, principally at academic conferences. This may require travel-ling abroad and can be immensely rewarding. In the third year of my doctorate, I went to my first international conference in Sydney,

13

LIVIC

Australia. This was a real highlight for obvious reasons. International conferences have proliferated in recent years and it is fairly straight-forward to find a relevant one in some exotic location. However, con-ference attendance requires funding; there are some mechanisms within the College that provide travel grants to facilitate this and, again, further information is available from the Department Research Office.

Finally, it is worth stressing two things. Firstly, you are not obliged to make this decision now; many return to pursue a doctorate after spending time in industry, having developed a strong interest in a par-ticular subject. Secondly, if you pursue a doctorate, contrary to what you may have heard anecdotally, it does not close any employment opportunities; in fact, you open up the option of an academic or re-search career that without a doctorate these days is basically closed. However, good opportunities in academia can be quite rare and if that path attracts you then these need to be sought and grasped. Notwith-standing, the enlightened part of the civil engineering industry strongly value the skills that a doctoral graduate has to offer; they tend to be given more technically challenging projects since they have a demonstrable track record for being problem solvers from con-ception to realization. Moreover, there is a disproportionate number of individuals with doctorates in very senior positions in the larger civil engineering companies. Successful doctoral study inculcates a rigorous mindset, technical expertise and provides mastery in the key transferable skills of critical analysis, presentation and project man-agement that are highly prized within industry. Therefore, with a doc-torate, your career prospects are only enhanced.

Notes Professor Wadee has served as the Director of Postgraduate Re-

search within the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering since 2014. He oversees the progression of all doctoral research stu-dents within the Department. Also in 2014, he was listed as one of the leading 100 practising scientists in the UK by the Science Council.

An extended version of this article is available on the Department in-tranet.

The Department Research Office is based in Room 443 of the Skemp-ton Building; the Research Administrator is Sarah Willis.

The URL for the research support intranet pages is: http://www.imperial.ac.uk/civil-engineering/intranet/research-support/

14

LIVIC

Tunnelling into the Future

My appearance on National Geographic Megastructures – MRT

Malaysia Urban Diggers. Go check out the full documentary!

Profile Name : Ivan Leong Jun Wei

Course : MEng Mechanical Engineering,

Imperial College London

Graduate : Class of 2014

Employer : MMC Gamuda Klang Valley Mass

Rapid Transit (Underground) Joint Venture

Position : Tunnel Plant Engineer

You must be wondering why someone from the Mechanical Engineering de-partment is writing an article for LIVIC. Well I’m not too sure myself, but I am working for a construction company, attached to one of the largest infrastruc-ture projects in downtown Kuala Lumpur, the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT) Project. I will share two main civil related projects that I have compet-ed throughout my career so far, and hopefully inspire more tunnel engineers within the Civil Engineering department.

After graduating, I applied for a graduate program within Gamuda, one of Ma-laysia’s leading infrastructure groups. Gamuda has the track record of build-ing the world renown SMART Tunnel, a dual purpose tunnel to both solve flood problems plaguing the Klang Valley and ease traffic congestion within the city centre. At the time, they were already building the first underground metro line and I had to jump on the bandwagon.

I told the interviewer I was intrigued by the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) and the working principles behind such massive machinery. The next thing I knew, I was the Shift Engineer within a TBM. My experience was quite an interesting one. I had never imagined going from Imperial to working underground, on a

Me and my multicultural team celebrating

within the TBM for the completion of tunnels.

The TBM breaking into the final

station. A very proud moment.

15

LIVIC

12 hour-a-day shift. Spending 12 hours underground may not be everyone’s cup of tea; the environment was hot and humid, you can never tell the night from day, and not to mention that the nearest toilet is at least 1 kilometre away, on the surface! My responsibilities included making calculated decisions in the construction of the tunnel using segment linings, coordinating the supply of consumables into the TBM, and managing the shift to ensure production down-time is minimised.

My stint as a Shift Engineer was a short one. My six months was nothing com-pared to colleagues who had been working underground for over a year. The TBM that I was working on was the last one in the ground. As soon as this TBM broke into the next underground station, we would have completed all tunnels for the project and one could walk from the Northern Portal to the Southern Portal through seven underground stations. I was lucky enough that my shift fell on the day we were scheduled to break into the final station. The excitement was evident and there were the press and media waiting for the TBM to emerge through the station diaphragm wall. This is one of the proudest moments in my life. Not only did I manage to bring the TBM safely into the station, I also ap-peared on a Megastructures documentary on National Geographic about the Kuala Lumpur MRT. I appeared for less than 10 seconds on screen but hey, at least that is a tick off my bucket list!

My second civil related project was a pipe jacking project. How is this a civil en-gineering project you may ask? Let me first describe the problem that we were tasked to address. On one side of Jalan Cheras, one of the busiest roads in downtown Kuala Lumpur, is an underground MRT station called Maluri. On the opposite side of the road is a shopping complex and one of the underground entrances to access Maluri Station. To complicate the situation, under the road is a utility corridor which houses high voltage electrical supply to Bukit Bintang in Kuala Lumpur, water pipes and telecommunication cables. The ground under the road is soft, unconsolidated alluvium soil.

A series of steel pipes are installed for the

excavation to be carried out safety under-

neath the busy road.

The pipe jacking machine installing

steel pipes into the ground, a 24 hour

operation.

16

LIVIC

From the situation described above, how would you build an underground pe-destrian passage way from one side of the road to the other? A cut-and-cover method is not possible as the dual carriageway cannot be diverted due to sta-tion construction, and there is a utility corridor where all surrounding utilities have been diverted into to make way for the construction of Maluri under-ground station. The only solution was to build a tunnel across without disturb-ing the traffic or utilities under the road.

Here we deployed a pipe jacking machine to install a series of steel pipes into the ground to form a structure known as a pipe roof. The pipe roof will form a support structure for the soil above while drill-and-blast tunnelling can be car-ried out below to produce an adit into the station.

The project to install 16 steel pipes took about five months. At the end of the project, we managed to not only work well within our budget, but also complet-ed the pipe roof structure a full month ahead of schedule! I wrote a paper titled “Pipe Roofing Installation by Micro Tunnelling Method” which was published in the Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) magazine and gave a presentation re-garding the topic during the South East Asian Conference and Exhibition for Tunnelling and Underground Space (SEACETUS 2017).

I know some of you are currently in a position of job application and are look-ing forward to move into the next phase of building your career. I was in that position once and believe me, I never liked writing overly exaggerated cover letters, and I always thought interviews were never a true representation of an individual. My advice is to always make the best of what you have, and do not be afraid to follow your interests. Finally, all the best, good luck, and I’ll hope-fully see you in the tunnelling industry!

The micro TBM emerging at the retrieval

shaft, marking the end of another pipe in-

stallation.

The excavation under the steel pipes. Large

steel members are installed to support the

exposed steel pipes as the excavation pro-

gresses.

17

LIVIC

Get Involved With:

IC Beyond

Ever wonder what the world would look like in a decade or two, or five? You know what they say: "Change is the only constant!" What is your vision of the future?

Imperial College Beyond Society (“IC Beyond”) is futurism-themed so-ciety, aimed at serious discussion about the change and evolution of global society. At Imperial, we are exposed to lots of science, tech-nology, and engineering, and mainly given a technical education about these subjects. However, we aren’t given many tools to think about the social, political, and economic impact of what we learn.

For example: artificial intelligence and automation. Cool, right? What happens to the jobs that are displaced by these technologies? When happens when an entire industry becomes human-less, and millions of people are suddenly out of work? Will they all be able to re-train and re-educate themselves to find a different job?

Let’s bring it closer to Civil Engineering in the form of urban design. Cities today evolved out of small villag-es which evolved out of small settlements. In many cases, little foresight was given to the future; they just sprawled out of a central resource, for example a riv-er. How might cities of the future look like? Can you

think of how disciplines such as environmental science, behavioural psychology, mathematical optimisation, sociology, and others, need to be tied together to design the optimal city for given conditions?

Alex Lee Kao Shing

18

LIVIC

IC Beyond deals with questions like these. How does inequality af-fect our social systems? What does it mean to have a systems-approach to problem solving? How will transhuman enhancements change society? Are politics and democracy obsolete? What other methods of societal planning exist?

If you find these questions intriguing, look us up on Facebook (“Imperial College Beyond Society”), or join us for FREE on the Un-ion website to get updates on our events. We regularly organise guest lectures on such thought-provoking issues and socials to get to know each other and get the dialogue flowing.

Consider this quote: “Without data, you’re just another person with an opinion.” With that in mind, join us in an interactive forum about big data, its future, its implications on decision-making, and other possible effects on society on Tuesday, 7 November at 18:30 at Hux-ley 130. We have Nick Bouch, Partner at PwC UK, and Professor Asoke Nandi from Brunel University coming down to share their thoughts and experiences on the subject, so do take the opportunity to ask as many relevant questions as possible! This event is open to students from other universities so do invite your friends if they are interested! See you there!

19

LIVIC

Taken from the “Trust me, I’m an “Engineer”” Facebook page

Oppose Animal Cruelty

Taken from https://shannonsmodernbeauty.wordpress.com/2015/01/21/lush-fights-against-animal-testing/

20

LIVIC

Created on imgflip.com

Actual Commemoration Day Reaction

21

LIVIC

Aquarius The stars and planets will not affect your life in any way.

Pisces The stars and planets will not affect your life in any way.

Aries The stars and planets will not affect your life in any way.

Taurus The stars and planets will not affect your life in any way.

Gemini The stars and planets will not affect your life in any way.

Cancer The stars and planets will not affect your life in any way.

Leo The stars and planets will not affect your life in any way.

Virgo The stars and planets will not affect your life in any way.

Libra The stars and planets will not affect your life in any way.

Scorpio The stars and planets will not affect your life in any way.

Sagittarius The stars and planets will not affect your life in any way.

Capricorn The stars and planets will not affect your life in any way.

Accurate Horoscope

22

LIVIC

Sudoku Easy Medium

Hard Evil

Taken from www.websudoku.com

23

LIVIC

Taken from https://en.grandgames.net/nonograms/picross/kot_25

Nonogram

24

LIVIC