firestopping and compartmentation fire & life safety 2012

Firestopping and Compartmentation

Fire & Life Safety 2012

Plan Review through As-Built Documentation for

Firestopping presented by FCIA & IFC

© Copyright, FCIA, 04-30-2012

Learning Objectives

Upon completing this program, the participant should

know how to:

1. Recognize Product Design/Testing, Installation &

Inspection Standards for Firestopping.

2. Understand Plan Review for Firestopping

3. Understand Requirements for Firestopping for

Safety in the US and Canada

4. Understand specification and code sections for

Firestopping

Firestopping for Safety

• Outline – Bob Hasting/Bill McHugh

– FCIA & IFC – Two SEPARATE Trade Associations

– Total Fire Protection & Effective Compartmentation

– Codes, Testing, Products – Materials

– Firestopping for Safety – A Quality Protocol

• Properly Designed and Specified Firestopping – 07-84-00

• Tested Systems - ASTM E 814 / UL 1479 – S115 - UL 2079, ASTM E2307

• Professional Installation – FCIA Member, FM 4991 Approved, UL Qualified Contractors…

• Properly Inspected - ASTM E 2174 / 2393 Protocol

– IAS AC 291 Accreditation Criteria for Inspection Agencies

• Maintained (Inspected) Annually by FCIA Members

• More on Plan Review, Inspection © Copyright, FCIA, 04-30-2012


• FCIA – Worldwide Association

• Firestop Contractors, Manufacturers,

Consultants, Reps, Distributors,

• FCIA Website Resources - FREE

• FCIA MOP on PDF FREE to

Specifiers, Architects,

Building/Fire Officials

• Life Safety Digest FREE – www . FCIA . org © Copyright, FCIA, 04-30-2012


• Membership Reflects FCIA’s Activity…

300+ Members…US, Canada, Middle East, Far East, India

– Accreditation – FM, UL, ULC & IAS - Growth

– Apprenticeship – US Dept. of Labor; CAN Ministry

– Technical & Education – MOP, UL TFPSS

– Codes & Standards – ICC, NFPA, ASTM, IAPMO

UL STP’s

– Marketing – Relationships, Shows

– Program – Committee work, Education

– Legislative – Track, Advocate

INTERNATIONAL FIRESTOP

COUNCIL The International Firestop Council (IFC) is a not-for-profit association of manufacturers and industry partners of fire protective materials and systems. IFC's mission is to promote the technology of fire containment in modern building construction through research, education and development of safety standards and code provisions.

Website - www.firestop.org

Email - [email protected]


• “TOTAL FIRE PROTECTION” • Effective Compartmentation – Bob/Bill

– Fire Barriers, Walls/Floors, Smoke Barriers &

– Firestopping, Fire Dampers, Swinging and Rolling Fire Doors, Fire Rated Glazing

• Detection & Alarm Systems

• Sprinkler Suppression Systems

• Education & Egress– TRB, Fire Safety Committee

– Building Managers, Occupants and Firefighters


Proper ‘DIIM’ Effective Compartmentation Means Reliable Systems…

• Properly Designed - A/E, Firestop Consultant

– Tested and Listed Systems, FCIA Member Mfr’s., Compartments per IBC, NFPA Codes–Specified (CCS,CDT)

• Properly Installed

– FCIA Member, “FM 4991, or UL Qualified Contractors”

• Properly Inspected

– ASTM E 2174 & ASTM E 2393, by IAS AC 291 Accredited Inspection Firms

• Properly Inspected and Maintained –

– FCIA Member, FM 4991, or UL Qualified Contractor or Inspection Agency


IFC Image


Firestopping

• Fire Walls, Fire Barriers, Horizontal Assemblies, Smoke Barriers, Fire Partitions, Smoke Partitions

– Penetrations – Through & Membrane Pens

– Joint Systems

– Perimeter Fire Containment Systems

– Tested & Listed Systems and Engineering Judgments

– Plan Review & Field Inspection


• Code Requirements – Firestopping

– International Building Code – Chapter 7

• New Construction

– International Fire Code – Chapter 7

• Existing Buildings

• Enforced by Fire Marshal

– NFPA 5000 – 101- Chapter 8

• Minimum requirements for

Construction & Maintenance


• NFPA

– NFPA 5000 – “Consensus Codes”

• Other international locations…US, not

much

– NFPA 101 – Life Safety Code

• Healthcare Industry

• Overseas


• ICC=International Code Council

• IBC – Building Code - New

• IFC – Fire Code – Maintenance

• Other “I-Codes”

– IPC, IMC, IEBC, WUIC, IPMC

US ICC Adoptions – ICCsafe.org

Search00020177-ISO-8859-110

http://www.iccsafe.org/e/category.html

http://www.iccsafe.org/cs/

http://www.iccsafe.org/government/

http://www.iccsafe.org/training/

http://www.iccsafe.org/certification/

http://www.iccsafe.org/safety/

http://jobs.iccsafe.org/home/index.cfm?site_id=429

http://www.iccsafe.org/news/


• ICC=International Code Council

• USA

• Middle East, Caribbean, etc.


• Compartmentation & Codes - US

– Fire Resistance – Time, in minutes or hours that

materials or assemblies have withstood a fire exposure

as determined by tests, methods based on tests, or this

code …. NFPA. ICC adds… “Systems”

• Ch. 7 – IBC - Fire Barrier – Hourly Rated – Continuous

• Ch. 7 IBC - Fire Wall – Fire rating, structural independence

• IBC – Fire Partition – Rated, not continuous.

• IBC - NFPA - Smoke Barrier – Hourly Rated, continuous…

• IBC – Horizontal Assemblies – Fire Resistance Rated Floor

or Roof …


• Compartmentation Codes – US

– Smoke Barrier – Firestopping for Continuity

• IBC – Hourly Rated, Quantified “L” Rating

– <5cfm/sf (IBC 2006)

– < 50 cfm, 100sf of Wall Area (IBC 2009…2012)

• NFPA – Similar, no quantified “L” Rating

• Healthcare Occupancies

• Building Owner/Manager Preference

– Smoke Partition – “Common Materials”

• IBC – Continuous barrier, not rated… ‘retard’.

• NFPA – Continuous membrane that is designed to form a

barrier to limit the transfer of smoke….’


• Fire Resistance Rated Compartmentation

and Structural Fire Resistance

– Continuous Walls / Floors – Fire & Smoke…

• Interior and Exterior Walls

– Firestop Systems

» Penetrations

» Joints – Walltops – Perimeter Joints

• Fire Damper Duct Systems

• Fire Doors and Hardware Systems

– Rolling & Swinging

• Fire Glass


• Effective Compartmentation for Safety

– Chemical, Biological, Radiation, Explosion

• Continuity Standards for…??

– R - Nuclear Power Plant Standards

– E – Blast Strength? Check with manufacturer

– C – Which Chemicals? Check with manufacturer

– B – Which Agents? Check with manufacturer

– How to Regulate for Terrorism?

– Due Diligence – Design, Owner, Manufacturers

• Review Required by code?


• Fire Walls and Floors –

– Continuity - Fire Resistance Rated Assemblies

“Tested & Listed Wall/Floor

Systems”

– Concrete

– Concrete Block

– Plaster

– Gypsum Block

– Drywall

– Floor/Ceiling Assemblies

– Firestop Systems


Effective Compartmentation Features


• FCIA Members Understand Compartmentation & DIIM Firestop Quality Process…

– D - Firestop Systems Tested to ASTM E 814, UL 1479/2079, ASTM E 2307

– Specified by Professionals

– Plan Review Checked by Building Officials

– I - Installed by FCIA Member, UL&FM Contractors

– I - Inspected to ASTM E2174 & ASTM E2393 Inspection Process by Qualified Firms/Individuals

– Inspected for Certificate of Occupancy

– M - Maintained by FCIA Member Firestopping Contractors, Inspection Agencies


I – Classified Systems


• Sealants

– Silicone, Latex, Intumescent

• Wrap Strips

– “Thick, Thin, Wide, Less Wide”

• Putties

• Pillows

• Composite Sheets

• Bricks / Plugs

• Pre Fabricated Kits

• Mortar

• Spray Products

Graphics, STI,3M, AD, HILTI, Nelson


• Firestop Systems Materials

• Pipes – Cables

– Sealants, Wrap strips, Putty, Pre-Fabricated Kits

• Gaps/Joints/Walltops/Perimeter Joints

– Sealants – Firestop Spray – Track Systems

• “Backing Material”

– Mineral Wool, Ceramic Fiber,

– Backer Rod, Others

Graphics - AD, Nelson, Tremco


• Firestop Products Become Firestop Systems -

– “A Specific field erected construction, consisting of an

assemblage of materials to prevent the spread of fire

through openings in fire rated walls and floors using

ASTM E 814 / UL 1479, S-115, UL 2079, E 2307 as the

test method…” UL Definition

– Testing = Suitability statement for use of a firestop

product in a specific system application

– “Tested and Listed SYSTEMS… Anything less …. Up to Judge”

– Karen Layng, Esq


• What are Firestop Systems?

– ASTM E814/UL 1479–UL S115 Tested Systems

• F Rating - Flame

• T Rating – Temperature

• H Rating – Hose (CAN-Optional)

• L Rating – Smoke (UL)

• W Rating – Water (UL)

Graphics – 3M


Hose Stream

& “W” Rating


• Firestop Systems Directories – ULc, ULus®,

Systems Selection…Not as easy as it looks…


• Firestop Systems Directories - UL®

Alpha: The first letter is either “F” for floors, “W” for walls or “C” for a combination of walls and floors.

Alpha: The second letter or combination of letters, signify the following.

A Concrete floors < 5”

B Concrete floors > 5”

C Frame floors

D Deck construction

E – I Reserved for future use

J Concrete or Masonry walls < 8”

K Concrete or Masonry walls > 8”

L Framed Walls

M Bulkheads

N – Z More in another seminar….


• Firestop Systems Directories - UL® – F - Floors

– W - Walls

– C - Combination

– A - Concrete floors < 5 inches

– B - Concrete floors > 5 inches

– C - Frame floors

– D - Deck construction

– E - I - Reserved for future use

– J - Concrete or Masonry walls < 8 inches

– K - Concrete or Masonry walls > 8 inches

– L - Framed Walls

– Much more….another session!!

First letter of the system

• Numeric: The first digit of the four digit number,

identifies the type of penetrant in accordance with the

following list. The next three digits will be assigned

sequentially to successfully tested systems.

– 0000 – 0999 No Penetrant

– 1000 – 1999 Metallic Pipe, Conduit or Tube

– 2000 – 2999 Non Metallic Pipe, Conduit or Tube

– 3000 – 3999 Cables

– 4000 – 4999 Cables in a Tray

– 5000 – 5999 Insulated Pipes

– 6000 – 6999 Misc. Electrical Penetrates

– 7000 – 7999 Misc. Mechanical Penetrates

– 8000 – 8999 Mixed multiple penetrates

– 9000 – 9999 more…at another session!


Every application has

its own unique UL

tested assembly

which specifies:

• Hourly Fire Rating

• Type of Barrier

• Type of Penetrant

• Min/Max Hole/Gap

Size

• Firestop Products

UL Classified Firestop Systems

STI Graphic

Systems Selection, Inspection

UL & Other Systems

• Wall or Floor Construction Type

• Wall or Floor Thickness

• Penetrating Item, Coverings

• Size, Type, Thickness

• Annular Space, Joint / Gap Sizes

• Backing Mateirals

• Fill Material(s)

STI Graphic

Engineering Judgments

• Brice Miller

• An Engineering Judgment is a letter or

report issued by some knowledgeable party

which evaluates the construction of some

site-specific application which deviates

from a tested design, system or assembly

and concludes with a judgment of the

applicable rating of that assembly

IFC Slide & Images

Engineering Judgments Cont.

• Recommended IFC Guidelines for

Evaluating FireStop Systems in

Engineering Judgments. e resistive

construction

IFC Slide & Images

Engineering Judgments Cont. When field conditions differ from original design or unanticipated

construction hindrances are encountered, Engineering Judgments

(EJ’s) are typically made that recommend alternative methods to

ensure performance of the firestop system is not compromised.

Generally these conditions or hindrances cannot be easily or cost

effectively redesigned so alternative protection schemes must be

implemented to maintain the system’s integrity. Since these

recommendations are not based upon identical designs as that which

were fire tested, it is important that they be developed using

sound engineering principles and good judgment.n

IFC Slide & Images

Engineering Judgments Cont. Engineering Judgments for firestop systems should:

1. Not be used in lieu of tested systems when available;

2. Be issued only by a firestop manufacturer’s qualified technical personnel or in concert with the

manufacturer by a knowledgeable registered Professional Engineer, Fire Protection Engineer, or an

independent testing agency that provides listing services for firestop systems;

3. Be based upon interpolation of previously tested firestop systems that are either sufficiently similar

in nature or clearly bracket the conditions upon which the judgment is to be given. Additional

knowledge and technical interpretations based upon accepted engineering principles, fire science and

fire testing guidelines (e.g. ASTM E 2032 – Standard Guide for Extension of Data from Fire

Endurance Tests) may also be used as further support data;

4. Be based upon full knowledge of the elements of the construction to be protected, the

understanding of the probable behavior of that construction and the recommended firestop system

protecting it were they to be subjected to the appropriate Firestop Standard Fire Test method for the

rating indicated on the Engineering Judgment;

IFC Slide & Images

Engineering Judgments Cont. Basic Presentation Requirements

Proper Firestop System Engineering Judgments should:

1. Be presented in appropriately descriptive written form with or without detail

drawings where appropriate;

2. Clearly indicate that the recommended firestop system is an engineering

judgment;

3. Include clear directions for the installation of the recommended firestop

system;

4. Include dates of issue and authorization signature as well as the issuer’s

name, address and telephone number;

5. Reference tested system(s) which design (EJ) is based on;

6. Identify the job name, project location and firm EJ is issued to along with

the

non-standard conditions and rating supported by the EJ; IFC Slide & Images


5. Be limited only to specific conditions and configurations upon which

the engineering judgment was rendered and should be based upon

reasonable performance expectations for the recommended firestop

system under those conditions;

6. Be accepted only for a single, specific job and project location and

should not be transferred to any other job or project location without

thorough and appropriate review of all aspects of the next job or

location’s circumstances.

IFC Slide & Images

Engineering Judgments Cont. 7. Have proper justification (i.e. UL, Intertek or other independent

laboratory system(s) and or opinions);

8. Provide complete descriptions of critical elements for the firestop configuration.

IFC recommends that these guidelines be considered when evaluating

whether any firestop system engineering judgment meets minimal

requirements. Questions concerning the EJ request should be addressed

to the initiator of the judgment.

IFC Slide & Images


• Typically, an Engineering Judgment is used

when a tested design, systems or assembly

is unavailable

• Most often applied to fire resistive

construction

IFC Slide & Images

IBC References Justifying


• IBC 104.11 – Alternative materials, design

and methods of construction and equipment

• IBC 703.2 – Fire-resistance ratings

• IBC 703.3 – Alternative methods for

determining fire resistance

IFC Slide & Images

Who Issues Engineering

Judgments?

• Who issues Engineering Judgments?

– Professional engineer

– Fire protection engineer

– Manufacturer

– Testing laboratory

• Must be acceptable to the Building Official

or the AHJ

IFC Slide & Images

Important Points of an

Engineering Judgment

• Best documents available are from the

International Firestop Council (IFC) –

www.firestop.org

• No guidance from the International Code

Council or the various I-Codes

• No guidance from UL…

• FCIA’s Firestop Manual of Practice –

FCIA.org IFC Slide & Images

IFC/UL Video Demonstration of the

Need to Properly Protect Openings

IFC Slide & Images

../../../Media Player/Fire Related Videos/IFC Videos/UL_FIRESTOP_FINAL_3.mov

QUESTIONS

Graphics – STI

Through-Penetrations – Brice Miller

IFC Slide & Images

Membrane-Penetrations

IFC Slide & Images

Joint Systems

IFC Slide & Images

Perimeter Containment

IFC Slide & Images

Firestop Systems

IFC Slide & Images

Penetration Firestop System

Consists of:

• Assembly being penetrated

• Penetrating item

• Fill, void or cavity materials (firestopping

materials)

IFC Slide & Images

Code Requirements

General – IBC 714 • 714.3 – Penetrations into or through fire walls, fire

barriers, smoke barrier walls and fire partitions shall

be protected

• 714.4 – Penetrations of horizontal assemblies not

required to be protected by shaft enclosure shall be

protected per Section 714.4

• 714.3.3 and 714.4.1.3 – Noncombustible penetrants shall not be connected to combustible material beyond point of firestop system

IFC Slide & Images

Code Requirements

Wall Assemblies – IBC 714.3

• 714.3.1 – Through penetration shall be

protected by one of the following:

– As tested as part of the entire wall assembly

– As tested to ANSI/UL 1479 / ASTM E 814

– Exceptions

• Concrete, grout or mortar

• Annular space protection materials

IFC Slide & Images

Code Requirements

Wall Assemblies – IBC 714.3

• 714.3.1.2 – When tested to ANSI/UL 1479 or

ASTM E 814, systems shall have F Rating

equal to rating of wall penetrated

IFC Slide & Images

Code Requirements

Wall Assemblies – IBC 714.3.2

• 714.3.2 – Membrane penetration shall be

protected as follows:

– As specified in 714.3.1 (i.e. through

penetrations)

– Recessed fixtures shall be installed so as not to

reduce the required fire resistance

– Exceptions for outlet boxes

– Other boxes

– Automatic sprinkler IFC Slide & Images

Code Requirements

Smoke Barriers

• 714.5 – Penetrations in smoke barriers shall

have an L Rating at ambient and 400°F

– Max 5.0 CFM / sq ft of opening

– Max cumulative leakage of 50 cfm for any 100

square feet of wall or floor area

IFC Slide & Images

Sprinkler Pipe Considerations

IFC Slide & Images

Metallic Sprinkler Pipe Penetrations:

• NFPA 13 Annular Space Limitations

–If Pipe < 3.5” then annular = 1”

–If pipe > 3.5” then annular = 2”

–Annular must be 360 degrees

• Pipe Movement

–Seismic Movement

–Water-Hammer from Testing

Sprinkler Pipe Considerations

IFC Slide & Images

Annular Space

Min/Max Hole Size

STI Graphic

1. Centered 2. Off-Centered

3. Point Contact

4. Continuous

Point Contact

STI Graphic


• Field or other Variances to Systems?

– ‘Impossible or Impractical’ to reconfigure

– Annular Space / Gap too large / small

– Oversized penetrating item

– Oversized Insulation

– Tolerances

– Anything outside ‘System’

Graphics – Firestop Technologies, Inc.


• Variances to Systems? – Now What…

– First Action in Process

• Find another system – Same Manufacturer

• Find another system – Different Manufacturer

– If no system exists in either case….

• Engineering Judgment – “EJ”

• Equivalent Fire Resistance Rated Assembly –

“EFRRA”

• Based on sound engineering IFC Protocol

• SPECIFY THE RULES FOR THIS…

Firestop sealant must be well bonded to

penetrating item and surrounding wall or floor

Pack

1

Caulk

2 Tool

3 Always Check BOTH SIDES

STI Graphic

When the sealant is properly recessed, it will expand

inward and work the way it was designed

Recessed sealant

STI Graphic

Left untooled, the sealant will expand

outward during a fire, and likely fail

Untooled sealant

STI Graphic

Inspection of Penetrations

• Firestop system must be installed in

accordance with the tested and listed system

• Rating of the system must match the

required rating of assembly being

penetrated

• Penetrating item and opening size must

match the tested and listed system

IFC Slide & Images

Inspection of Penetrations Cont.

• Packing material must be installed per the

tested and listed system

• Required firestopping material must be

installed per the tested and listed system

• Understand some sealants may shrink when

installed and the magnitude of shrinkage

may be in the listing

IFC Slide & Images

Properly Tooled/Smoothed

Penetrations

Firestop SolutionsGraphic

Correct Collar or Sealant Must Be Selected

for Combustible Penetrations

• Intumescent sealant expands and fills the void that

opens as the combustibles burn away

• Collar expands to crush the pipe

Hot-Side View

Charred Pipe

Cold-Side View

Knot formed from

Collapsing pipe

STI Graphic

• Key Points - Restricting Collars

– Fastening Tabs – 90 degree bends for expansion

– Directional Tabs

– Bands

Intumescent Wrap Strips and Steel Collars

STI Graphic

Sealant must be applied

BEFORE sheet metal flanges

in Duct Applications

Graphics – Firestop Solutions

Consult the Damper

Manufacturer & the

Authority Having

Jurisdiction

Fire/Smoke Dampers & Firestops

• Dampers are UL 555, 555S Listed Systems

– Installed to manufacturer’s written instructions (Systems

– Angles…no sealants)

• Firestop sealants – UL 1479 –

– Improper hole sizing or poor installation…

Graphics - Greenheck

Installing an Incorrect System

May Void the Fire / Smoke Damper

Manufacturer’s Warranty


Joint Systems

IFC Slide & Images

Building Code Requirements

2012 IBC – Joints

• 715.1 - Joints installed in or between fire-

resistance-rated assemblies shall be

protected by an approved fire-resistant joint

system designed to resist the passage of fire

for a time period not less than the required

fire-resistance rating of the assembly in

which it is installed

IFC Slide & Images

• 715.2 - Fire-resistant joint systems shall be

securely installed in or on the joint for its

entire length so as not to dislodge, loosen or

otherwise impair its ability to accommodate

expected building movements and to resist

the passage of fire and hot gasses

• 715.3 - Joints shall be tested to ANSI/UL

2079 or ASTM E 1966

Building Code Requirements

2012 IBC – Joints

IFC Slide & Images

2012 IBC - Definition

• Joint - The linear opening in or between

adjacent fire-resistance-rated assemblies

that is crested due to building tolerances, or

is designed to allow independent movement

of the building in any plane caused by

thermal, seismic, wind or any other loading.

(IBC)

IFC Slide & Images

Forces Which Induce Movement • Thermal

• Wind

Sway

• Seismic

• Load

IFC Slide & Images


• Firestop Joint Systems Definition – UL 2079

– “A joint system is a specific construction

consisting of adjacent wall and floor assemblies,

and the materials designed to prevent the spread

of fire through a linear opening between the wall

and / or floor assemblies”

– “ANSI / UL 2079 ” – Qualified Joint System

– Nomenclature…another session.

Graphics - STI


• Firestop Joint Systems Definition – UL 2079

– Min. Positive Pressure – .01 Water, 12” below assy.

– Movement Cycling

• Class I – min. 500 cycles, min. 1 cycle / minute

• Class II- min. 500 cycles, min. 10 cycles / minute

• Class III-min 100 cycles, min. 30 cycles / minute

– Fire Tested at Maximum Joint Width

– No Load Bearing Characteristics, unless noted

– Assembly, L or W Ratings

– FF, WW, FW, HW, BW, CG

– 0000- 3999

HILTI Graphic

Categories of Fire-Resistive

Joints Materials

• Sealant Systems (Caulks)

• Sprayed /Elastomeric Membranes (Sprays)

• Mechanical Joints

IFC Slide & Images

• Nominal Joint Width

• Assembly Rating

• Movement

• Extension

• Compression

• Percent (%) Extension / Compression

• Mineral Wool Compression

• Sealant Depth

Construction Joint Terminology

IFC Slide & Images

Joint System at Nominal Joint Width

Gypsum

Board

Roof or

Floor

Deck

Deep Leg

Track

Elastomeric Caulk

or Spray Mineral

Wool

1”

Steel

Stud

IFC Slide & Images

Elastomeric

Caulk or Spray Mineral

Wool

1/2”

Gypsum

Board

Steel

Stud

Load

Roof or

Floor

Deck Deep Leg Track

Joint System at Minimum Joint Width

IFC Slide & Images

Joint System at Maximum Joint Width

Elastomeric

Caulk or Spray

Mineral Wool

1-1/2”

Steel Stud

Roof or

Floor Deck

Deep Leg Track Load

Gypsum

Board

IFC Slide & Images

Head-of-Wall Spray Application

Flutes are stuffed

with mineral wool

or speed plugs per

UL system Remaining joint is

stuffed with

mineral wool or

speed strips per

UL system

Firestop sealant is

applied to both

sides of wall per UL

system IFC Slide & Images

Overlapping

Gypsum

Board

Gypsum

Board

Mechanical

Joint

Fire Rated

Gypsum

Compound

Steel Stud

1”

Roof or Floor Deck

IFC Slide & Images

Gypsum

Board

Overlapping

Gypsum

Board

Mechanical Joint Fire Rated

Gypsum

Compound Steel Stud

Roof or Floor Deck

0

”

Load

IFC Slide & Images

http://www.ul.com

Where Can I Find The

Most Current Listing?

IFC Slide & Images

Evaluating a

Fire-Resistive Joint System

IFC Slide &Image

UL Nomenclature

Navigating the UL Directory:

JOINT SYSTEMS (XHBN)

First Two Alpha Characters identify the type of

joint system:

FF = Floor-to-Floor

WW = Wall-to-Wall

FW = Floor-to-Wall

HW = Head-of-Wall

HW – D – 0060

IFC Slide & Images

Navigating the UL Directory:

JOINT SYSTEMS (XHBN)

Third Alpha Character identifies the movement

capabilities of the system:

D = Dynamic (movement capabilities)

S = Static (no movement capabilities)

HW – D – 0060

UL Nomenclature Cont.

IFC Slide & Images

Joint Systems

IFC Slide & Images

Typical Floor-to-Floor System

Typical Floor-to-Wall System

Typical Wall-to-Wall System

Plan Review of Joint Systems • What type of joint is being protected?

• What is the required hourly rating?

• What is the width of the joint (nominal

installed width)?

• How much movement is required?

• Is an L Rating required?

• Is submitted system consistent with the above

requirements?

IFC Slide & Images

Recommended Joint System

Correction Notice • Deflection is required to be installed with an approved

joint system per Section 715 of the IBC. The assemblies

need to be designed to allow joints to compress and extend

with movement of structure while maintaining the fire-

rating of the assemblies.

• Please clarify building deflection to determine movement

capabilities of assembly and identify listed assemblies for

all joint systems.

IFC Slide & Images

Inspection of Joint Systems

• What type of building assemblies form the

joint (type and thickness)?

• What materials are the assemblies

constructed from?

• Are there any special considerations? (EJ)

IFC Slide & Images

Joint Inspection Process

• Inspect joint systems during framing inspection

• Contractor to provide you with the UL listed

assembly as shown / approved on the plans

• Confirm all joints provide required movement

• For Mechanical Joints observe the ceiling runner

for the UL label located on the side of the runner

IFC Slide & Images

Perimeter Fire

Containment Systems

PATHS OF FIRE

PROPAGATION

Extending the Rated Floor to the

Wall...

The perimeter joint must be sealed

with an approved material or system

that extends this rating to the exterior

wall surface

MANDATORY!

IFC Slide & Images


• Firestop Perimeter Systems Definition – ASTM E 2307

– “A Perimeter Fire Containment System is a specific field erected construction consisting of a floor with a fire resistance rating, and an exterior curtainwall with no hourly resistance rating, and the fill material installed between the floor and the curtain wall to prevent the vertical spread of fire in a building.”

– Intertek Directory

Graphic - Superl

Wrong !

Correct

Proper Installation of Mineral Wool

• Compressed mineral wool must be inserted

perpendicular to the joint to allow for movement

between the slab and wall.

STI Graphic

STI Graphic

Properly Installed and Ready to Spray

STI Graphic

Common Terminology Aluminum Transom Vision Glass

Glass Spandrel

or Aluminum

Spandrel

Aluminum Mullion

IFC Slide & Images

Code Requirements

• Sections 715.4, 715.5 and 705.8.5 of 2012

IBC

• 715.4 – Void at edge of rated floor shall be

sealed with material which will resist

interior passage of flame. System must

provide an F Rating when:

– Tested to ASTM E 2307 for time period equal

to rating of floor

• Protects perimeter void or joint IFC Slide & Images

Code Requirements Cont.

• 715.4.1 – Void at edge of non-rated floor

shall be sealed with approved material or

system which will retard the interior spread

of flame and hot gases between stories

• Protects perimeter void or joint

IFC Slide & Images

Elements of Perimeter

Fire Containment Systems

• Floor Assembly

• Curtain Wall Assembly

• Safing Materials

• Attachment methods

• Sealants

IFC Slide & Images

4 Compression Fit Safing

Mechanically Attached 3

Protect Mullions

5

Reinforcement Member 1

2 Mineral Wool Insulation

Smoke Barrier

6

1

3

4

5 6

2

Curtain Wall Fire Containment

Six Basic Design Principles

IFC Slide & Images

Fiber Orientation is Critical!

Horizontal fiber

Alignment -

Incorrect

Vertical fiber

Alignment -

Correct

Typical Curtain Wall System Cont.

IFC Slide & Images

Inspection of

Perimeter Fire Containment Systems

• Does the size of joint fit within the

guidelines of the tested assembly?

• Was the mineral wool installed to the

correct compression and according to the

correct orientation?

• Was the firestopping material installed to

minimum depth and installed with the

correct overlap onto both the insulation and

the concrete floor? IFC Slide & Images

Summary

Perimeter Fire Containment Systems

• Approved system should be submitted on

plans

• Complete System Tested or review E.J.

• Inspected at rough inspection

IFC Slide & Images

Firestopping in the Real World

• Firestop system details are hardly ever on

plans

• Code Officials generally do not ask for copies

of approved firestop systems

• Tested/Listed systems rarely installed

correctly

• Joints are generally not inspected during the

framing inspection and installed to provide

movement IFC Slide & Images

Firestopping in the Real World

Cont. • Engineering judgments are being used when

there are tested and listed systems available

• Firestopping considered beneath contractors

• Most users are untrained

• No Licensed firestop contractors

IFC Slide & Images

PROCESS

Building Department Submittals

107.2.1 - Construction

documents shall be of

sufficient clarity to indicate

the location, nature and

extent of the work proposed

and show in detail that it will

conform to the provisions of

this code

IFC Slide & Images

PROCESS

Plans Examination/Review • A SAMPLE of some Firestop systems details

should be included on the plans

• Material properties, contractor qualifications,

special inspection is in Specifications

• 07-84-00 Firestopping

• Recommended to have UL Details for firestop

applications on the plans

• If available, needs to be tested and listed

systems IFC Slide & Images

• For unique conditions have policy for Engineering

Judgments

• The amount of movement required for all joints

must be specified on plans

• Consider requiring special inspection for

firestopping on large projects (IBC Ch. 17)

• IBC 2012 Chapter 17 Special Inspection – Later…

• Require or encouraging use of Firestop Specialty

Contractor

• FM 4991 Approved or UL Qualified Contractors

PROCESS

Plans Examination/Review Cont.

IFC Slide & Images

Firestop Systems

Recommended Correction Notice

• All firestop systems for fire rated

construction need to be reproduced on the

plans as tested by an approved testing

laboratory.

• If an engineering judgment is needed, it

must be noted in specifications and must be

approved by the Building Official.

• The above information must be provided for

the field inspectors. IFC Slide & Images

• Review Design Drawings

Submittals

• Obtain Pre-Approved


• Establish inspection guidelines

and expectations

• Schedule Work and

Inspections

• Review qualifications

/experience of firestop

installers

Pre-Construction Meeting

IFC Slide & Images

QUESTIONS

Brice Miller, Bob Hasting/Bill McHugh

Graphics – STI

Joints and Seams

Edge of Slab


Wall to Wall / Wall to Floor

No-Sag & Self Leveling Sealants


Floor to Wall: Concrete floor assembly

to pre-cast concrete wall assembly


Poor Firestop Installation of Perimeter

Barriers



Graphics – OPL, 3M

Are firestop caulks required to be RED?

Answer: There is NO building code

requirement anywhere that mandates product

color. However, most manufacturers

deliberately use colors that stand out to

facilitate inspection and different colors to

distinguish between products. Red Black Gray Green

IFC Slide & Images

Correct Firestop Installations

IFC Slide & Images

Unlisted, Untested Firestop Systems

Firestopping for Safety Unlisted, Untested Firestop Systems

Polystyrene Block in CMU Slab

Joint Compound


Incomplete is ineffective


Foam Great Stuff


FCIA Graphic

Good Firestop Applications

Floor to Wall

Top of Wall


Joints and Seams

Top of Wall


Joints and Seams

I-Beam to Fluted Deck


Penetrations with Top of Wall


Unacceptable Substitutes



Insufficient Material?

Non Code Compliant!


Results of Improperly

Installed Mineral Wool


QUESTIONS

Graphics – STI

Firestopping for Safety Bob Hasting/Bill McHugh

• “Construction Quality Stinks” John R. Butler, Jr., Director, Construction Division of

the Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission,

ENR’s Viewpoint…2000

• “Where are the certified

firestoppers” • Ken Hercenberg, ‘The Construction

Specifier Magazine’ … 2002

Firestopping for Safety • Results of Non-Qualified

Contractor

– Firestopping wrong,

missing

– Systems Documentation?

– As Built Documentation??

Conclusion – No Single

Firestopping Trade means

fire & life safety risk…


Installation Who’s Responsible, Who Installs???

Graphics – STI


Firestop Contractors & Installation

• Firestopping Industry Installation Methods

• 3 Types

– All Trades -“He/She who pokes hole, fills hole”

– Multiple Contracts to Firestop Contractors, Subs,GC/O

– GC/O - Sub to Single Source Specialty Firestopping

Contractor

• Qualifications??



• Firestopping Industry Qualifications

– Installation Protocol – See FCIA Manual of Practice

– Manufacturers Warranties? – N/A in Firestopping

• Material only, ‘x’ year from date of shipment.

• Labor – Contractor only

• Manufacturer Inspection?



• How do I select a specialty firestop contractor ?

– FCIA Member

– Insurance – Classification? GL & WC…

• Specialty Firestop Contractor? – GL – Finished Products Liabilty

• Plumber?

– Workforce – Educated as Firestop/Containment Workers

– Licensed – Not yet…

– Bonding Capability

– Project References & Experience

– Management System reviewed by?

• FM 4991 and / or UL Qualified?

• Manufacturer?



• Firestopping Industry Qualifications

– Manufacturer/Contractor Programs – ‘No legal tie’

• ‘Certified Trained?’

• ‘Accredited?’

• ‘Approved?’

• ‘other name’

– FCIA Contractor Member

– FM 4991 Standard for Approval of Firestop

Contractors

– UL & ULC Qualified Firestop Contractors


Qualified – Does the Firestop Contractor understand the ZERO TOLERANCE INSTALLATION PROCESS

• “F” Fire & “T” Temperature, “H” Hose

• “L” Smoke

• “W” Water

• Insulation/Integrity

• Movement Capability

• Annular Space Sizes, Gap Sizes

• SYSTEMS DOCUMENTATION

• FM 4991 Approved or UL / ULC Qualified Firestop Contractor


What are the FM 4991 & UL Qualified

Firestop Contractor Programs?

Management Systems

• Office Facility Procedures Audit

• Field Procedures Audit

• Employ a person who passed the UL/FM

Firestop Exam, 80% or better – If employed by Approved, Qualified Firm,

• Designated Responsible Individual (DRI)


FM 4991 & UL QFC Requirements

FM 4991 & UL DRI Contractor Personnel Only if Employed by a FM/UL Contractor

– Pass Rigorous Firestop Examination

• FCIA Firestop Manual of Practice

• Firestop Systems Selection & Protocol

• Management System Knowledge

– Retested every 3 years (FM Only)

– CEU Requirement – 6 ea. 3 yrs.

– One DRI per Approved Contractor Location

• Installation & Maintenance


FM/UL Office Facility Procedures Audit

– Firestop Contractor Management System Manual Procedures

• Employee Training & Education

• Systems Selection

• Communicate systems to Field

• Material Controls

• Systems installation “protocol”

• Labeling

• Record keeping - Variance Procedures

• Non-Conformances

• Documentation

• Project closeout


Initial Firestop Firm Jobsite Audit by

FM, UL Personnel

– Verification of firestop systems installation

– Verify Quality Procedures

– Verify “communication”

• Office to field, field to office

– “Culture of Quality…”


Annual FM 4991/ UL QFC Audit • Continued satisfactory performance

– Quality Manual Implementation

• Documented - Archived record keeping

• Employee Training Documentation

• Jobsite Visit

• DRI CEU Verification


FCIA Members - FM 4991 Approved and / or

UL Qualified Firestop Contractor Firms

Management Systems Manual – Investment in Education

– Investment in FCIA Firestop Manual of Practice

• Project Successful Proven Contractor

• Education, Training, Accountability

= Reduced Risk – Life, Property, Business

www . fcia. org


Inspection

QUALITY

PROCESS


• Types of ‘Inspection’ – ASTM E 2174 & ASTM E 2393 –

• Destructive, Non Destructive

• Specified Frequency

• Independent 3rd Party

– Contractor Self Inspection –

• Verify Management System validity

• May or may not be destructive

– Manufacturer Inspection

• May not exist…due to ASTM E 2174, ASTM E 2393 req’t.

– Contractor Approval/Qualification Personnel

Inspection Practices for

Firestopping

• Two types of Inspection

– Jurisdiction

– Special Inspection

IFC Slide & Images


Firestopping

• Inspections typically done by AHJ, but

2012 IBC Chapter 17….inspected by

approved agency or individual, certain

occupancies

• Require construction documents with

Firestop systems details

• During framing inspection observe that

joints are installed in manner that required

movement can be achieved IFC Slide & Images


Firestopping Cont.

• Observe the products, empty containers or

boxes for label with approved testing

agency

• Have your inspection tools such as a

flashlight, coring device, wire, tape measure

and other appropriate tools

• Verify insulation type, thickness orientation

and compression

IFC Slide & Images


Firestopping Cont.

• Verify firestopping was installed in

accordance with the published system

• Verify who did installation of systems to

determine reasonable verification

• When necessary destructive evaluation will

be made on various types of systems

• During inspection have person follow-up to

repair systems after destructive testing

• Observe the labeling/marking IFC Slide & Images

Special Inspections

IFC Slide & Images

• 1705.1.1 Special Cases. Special inspections

shall be required if in the opinion of the

building official the proposed work in unusual

in its nature.

• 1704.xx (pre-2012 Codes) - Typically only

needed for large and complicated projects

• If special inspection is required for firestop

systems, the inspector shall be a qualified

person who demonstrates competence for

inspection of these systems.

Special Inspections

IFC Slide & Images


• ASTM E 2174 & ASTM E 2393 -

“Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of

Installed Fire Stops – Pen’s - Joints”

– PASSED at ICC 2009/2010 Code Cycle

Firestopping for Safety 1705.16 Fire-resistant penetrations and joints.

In high-rise buildings or in buildings assigned to Risk

Category III or IV in accordance with Section 1604.5,

special inspections for through-penetrations, membrane

penetration firestops,fire resistant joint systems, and

perimeter fire barrier systems that are tested and listed in

accordance with Sections 714.3.1.2, 714.4.1.2, 715.3 and

715.4 shall be in accordance With Section 1705.16.1 or

1705.16.2.


• ASTM E 2174 & ASTM E 2393 –

• 1705.16 – Special Inspection

• High Rise - Buildings 75’ and higher above Fire

Department Access

• Occupancy Type III & IV, Chapter 16 Table 1604.5


1705.16.1 Penetration firestops. Inspections of

penetration firestop systems that are tested and

listed in accordance with Sections 714.3.1.2

and 714.4.1.2 shall be conducted by an

approved inspection agency in accordance

with ASTM E 2174.


1705.16.2 Fire-resistant joint systems. Inspection

of fire resistant joint systems that are tested and

listed in accordance with Sections 715.3 and 715.4

shall be conducted by an approved inspection

agency in accordance with ASTM E 2393.


• ASTM E 2174 & ASTM E 2393 - “Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed Fire Stops – Pen’s - Joints”

• “Standard Inspection Procedure” • Special Inspection Agency Firms

• Other Qualified Firms

• Reports For Fire Marshals & Code Official Review


• ASTM E 2174 & ASTM E 2393 - “Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed Fire Stops …

– Penetrations

– Joints and Perimeter Fire Barriers


• ASTM E 2174/ASTM E 2393 - “Inspector & Firm Requirements”

– Inspector firm NOT Related to Installing firm

• Distributor, Manufacturer, Competitor, Supplier

– Inspector Personnel meet at least one criteria…..

• 2 years experience (Construction, Field), education, and credentials acceptable to AHJ

• Accredited by AHJ

• Meet ASTM E699

– OPTIONAL:

• Inspection Agency Company Accreditation

• International Accreditation Services IAS AC 291


• “NEW Inspector Credentials in AC 291”

– IAS Accreditation Criteria AC-291

• Management System Audit by IAS … AND have a person…

• PASS UL/FM Firestop Exam

• 1 year Quality Assurance

Or…

• PASS UL/FM Firestop Exam, and PE, FPE, Registered Architect, or

• PASS UL/FM Firestop Exam, and Education by Certified Agency

– Must Specify IAS Accreditation… Not part of ASTM Standards


• ASTM E 2174/ ASTM E 2393 –

“Inspection Process”

– Pre Construction Meeting

• Review Documents – Identify Conflicts

• Materials - ASTM E 814 or UL 1479-S115 Systems

– “exactly as Identified on inspection documents”


• ASTM E 2174/ ASTM E 2393 – “Inspection Process”

• Pre Construction Meeting

– Mock Ups

• Destructive Testing

• Installation Measurements

– Discuss Inspection Method

• Required for During/Post Insp. Methods


• ASTM E 2174/ ASTM E 2393 –


• During Construction Inspection Method

– Firestop Installation Start & Random witness

• 2174 - min. 10%, each type of Firestop, No Less

than one

• 2393 – Min. 5 % of total linear feet of each type of

fire resistive joint system being installed



• Post Construction Method – 2174 Pens

– Destructive Testing

• Minimum 2% , no less than 1, each type per 10,000 SF of floor area

• If 10% variance per firestop type

– Inspection stops

– Installer inspects, repairs

– Inspector reinspects


• Destructive Testing - 2393 • Minimum of one sampling per type of joint system per 500 lineal feet.

• (1) Destructive type verification of the fire resistive joint system and repair of the joint system;

• (2) Disassembly and verification of the components and reinstallation

of the joint system;

• (3) Visual inspection and verification of the component or entire joint

system, where a visual inspection establishes conformance to the

document enumerated in Section 7; or

• (4) Other appropriate methods showing compliance with the approval

process or manufacturers’ instructions or specifications,



• Post Construction Method – 2393 Joints

– Destructive Testing

• If 10% variance per firestop type

– Inspection stops

– Installer inspects, repairs

– Inspector reinspects


• ASTM E 2174/ ASTM E 2393


• Inspection Forms

– One for each type of firestop

– Submit 1 day after inspection to Authorizing Agency

– Numbered – Controlled

• Required – During/Post Construction Methods



• - Final Report – During/Post Inspection Method

– Name, address, location – project, installer, inspector

– Type and quantity of firestops inspected

– Verification method

– Percentage Deviation

– Copies of all documents sent to Authorizing Agency


• ASTM E 2174/ ASTM E 2393 –


• Why Require ASTM E 2174 / E 2393

– Quality Process – Install, Inspect

– Verify Field Installations

– IBC 2012 – Chapter 17 Requirement

– Qualifications of Inspectors

• IAS AC 291 – Accreditation Criteria for

Special Inspection Agencies


Quality Assurance – Good Spec starts process in motion

Specifications– MF 04 - 07 84 00 … was 07270

– 07 84 00 – Both Pens & Joints

– 07 84 10 – Through Penetration Firestop Systems

• Pipes, cables, ducts, cable trays, MEP&C Systems

– 07 84 20 – Fire Resistive Joint Systems

• Top of Wall

• Fire Resistance Rated Joints – Soft, Metals & Fire Inserts

• Perimeter Joints (Floor Slab edge/Exterior Wall)

• Systems Spec, and product properties spec…


• Specifications– Systems Testing – Part 1 – Systems – DIIM References

– ASTM E 814 & UL 1479, UL S-115 - Penetrations

– ASTM E 1966, UL 2079, S115 - Joints

– ASTM E 2307 – Perimeter

– FM 4991 Standard for the Approval of Firestop Contractors

– UL or ULC Qualified Firestop Contractor Program

– ASTM E 2174 & ASTM E 2393 - Inspections


• Specifications– Systems Testing – Part 1 - Systems – “F” Ratings - Fire Resistance Rated Assy.

– “T” Ratings - = F & T??

– “H” Ratings – Hose Stream – (Canada, Europe, UK)

– “L” Ratings = Fire & Smoke Resistance Rated Construction

– “W” Ratings – Floors; Functional when? Floor Loading Capabilities?

• Match Physical Properties of Environment – Chemicals, Movement, Exposure

• FCIA UL STP - Movement


• Specifications– References

– FCIA Firestop Manual of Practice

– Manufacturers Printed Instructions

– Focus on Systems Selection by Contractor

– Installation by FM 4991, UL/ULC Contractors

– Inspections to ASTM E 2174, ASTM E 2393

by IAS AC 291 Inspection Agencies..


IV Maintenance


International Fire Code – 2003, 2006…and 2009

703.1 Maintenance. The required fire resistance rating of fire-resistance

rated construction (including walls, fire stops, shaft enclosures, partitions, smoke barriers, floors, fire resistive coatings and sprayed fire resistant materials applied to structural members and fire resistive joint systems) shall be maintained. Such elements shall be visually inspected by the owner annually and properly repaired, restored or replaced when damaged, altered, breached or penetrated. Openings made therein for the passage of pipes, electrical conduit, wires, ducts, air transfer openings, and hoes made for any reason shall be protected with approved methods capable of resisting the passage of smoke and fire. Openings through fire-resistance rated assemblies shall be protected by self closing or automatic-closing doors of approved construction meeting the fire protection requirements for the assembly.

2009 IFC Code Includes…

“ANNUAL INSPECTION, by owner”

• You are the last line of defense!

• We need your help to ensure:

– The code is enforced

– Contractors do the job per specifications

– Owner gets what is being paid for

Firestopping is only Installed to the Level

of Knowledge of the AHJ

Bob Hasting/Bill McHugh, Brice Miller

Question for your Building

Official

What is your Building Department’s Plan Review and Building Inspection

Policy and Procedure

for Firestopping?

Available Resources Cont. • ASTM

ASTM.org

• Firestop Contractors International Association

FCIA.org

• International Firestop Council (IFC)

FIRESTOP.org

• Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.

UL.com

202

Reference Materials

• ASTM E 2174 – “Standard Practice for On-

Site Inspection of Installed Fire Stops”

• ASTM E 2393 – “Standard Practice for On-

Site Inspection of Installed Fire Resistive

Joint Systems and Perimeter Fire Barriers”

• IFC Video’s “Inspecting Firestop for

Compliance” & “Side By Side/UL”

• IFC Pocket Guide for Inspectors

203

Reference Materials

• FM 4991, Standard for the Approval of

Firestop Contractors

• UL Qualified Firestop Contractor Program

• FCIA Firestop Manual of Practice

• Product

Information -

manufacturer’s

websites

• International

Firestop Council

(IFC) -

www.firestop.org

• Firestop

Contractors

International

Association (FCIA)

www.fcia.org

• IFC pocket

Firestopping

Inspection Manual

• IFC Inspection

Guidelines for

Through-Penetration

and Fire Resistive

Joint Systems in Fire

Resistance Rated

Construction

Available Resources


Proper ‘DIIM’ Effective Compartmentation Means Reliable Systems…

• Designed - A/E, Firestop Consultant

– Tested and Listed Systems, FCIA Member Mfr’s.

• Properly Installed

– FCIA Member, “FM 4991, or UL QFC Contractors”

• Properly Inspected

– ASTM E 2174 & ASTM E 2393 Inspection – By AC 291 Accredited Inspection Agencies

• Properly Maintained –

– FCIA Member


Freebies for CSC/CSI Member Specifiers,

Architects, Building Officials, Building

Owners, Government

- FCIA Firestop Manual of Practice PDF

Email Copy…

- Free Life Safety Digest, the Magazine of

Effective Compartmentation Subscription


• “TOTAL FIRE PROTECTION – Effective Compartmentation -Fire Walls/Floors &

Firestopping

– Fire Dampers, Fire Glass

– Detection & Alarm Systems

– Sprinkler Suppression Systems

– Building Personnel, Occupant and Firefighter

Education