FirePro MonitorsFirePro Monitors

Product OverviewProduct Overview

TopicsTopics Monitors Monitors

• FunctionFunction• Monitor / Nozzle ApplicationsMonitor / Nozzle Applications• Manual MonitorsManual Monitors• Motorized monitorsMotorized monitors• Elevated MonitorsElevated Monitors

WaterwaysWaterways• Single vs. BifurcatedSingle vs. Bifurcated• Single waterway geometrySingle waterway geometry

NozzlesNozzles• Straight BoreStraight Bore

Advantages and disadvantagesAdvantages and disadvantages Flow rate equationFlow rate equation Typical fixed orifice flow ratesTypical fixed orifice flow rates Change in flow rate due to change in nozzle inlet pressureChange in flow rate due to change in nozzle inlet pressure

• Fog / StreamFog / Stream Fixed Flow RateFixed Flow Rate AdjustableAdjustable Constant PressureConstant Pressure

• ReachReach Keys to maximum reachKeys to maximum reach Straight bore vs. fog nozzleStraight bore vs. fog nozzle Reach for a typical 750GPM monitor / Nozzle combinationReach for a typical 750GPM monitor / Nozzle combination

• Jet Reaction ForceJet Reaction Force

MonitorsMonitors

Question: What is the primary function of a Fire monitor?Question: What is the primary function of a Fire monitor?

Answer:Answer:• To provide physical support for the nozzle.To provide physical support for the nozzle.• To endure the jet reaction forces produced at the nozzleTo endure the jet reaction forces produced at the nozzle• To provide water supply to nozzle with minimal pressure To provide water supply to nozzle with minimal pressure

losseslosses• To provide either manual or motorized articulation up / To provide either manual or motorized articulation up /

down, left / right in order to direct the stream at the down, left / right in order to direct the stream at the targettarget

Monitor / Nozzle ApplicationsMonitor / Nozzle Applications

Question: What are some example applications for Question: What are some example applications for monitor / nozzle combinations?monitor / nozzle combinations?

Answer:Answer: Firefighting (Municipal, Industrial and Marine)Firefighting (Municipal, Industrial and Marine) Tank Cooling (Refineries)Tank Cooling (Refineries) Tank Cleaning (refineries)Tank Cleaning (refineries) Sludge removal (Waste water plants)Sludge removal (Waste water plants) Dredging (Excavation)Dredging (Excavation) Dust Abatement (Waste management)Dust Abatement (Waste management) Crowd controlCrowd control

Manual MonitorsManual MonitorsQuestion: What are the different styles of manual monitors offered?Question: What are the different styles of manual monitors offered?

Answer: There are two basic styles of manual monitors that are Answer: There are two basic styles of manual monitors that are offered by FirePro. They are:offered by FirePro. They are:

Tiller bar: Monitor operated using a tiller bar mounted to the upper Tiller bar: Monitor operated using a tiller bar mounted to the upper elbow weldment (Shown below on the left)elbow weldment (Shown below on the left)

Hand Wheel: Monitor is operated by turning the hand wheels Hand Wheel: Monitor is operated by turning the hand wheels clockwise or counterclockwise to move monitor up, down, left or clockwise or counterclockwise to move monitor up, down, left or right. (Shown below on the right)right. (Shown below on the right)

Manual MonitorsManual MonitorsQuestion: What are the advantages and disadvantages to manual tiller bar monitors vs. hand Question: What are the advantages and disadvantages to manual tiller bar monitors vs. hand

wheel monitors?wheel monitors?

Answer: Answer:

Tiller Bar (Shown on the left):Tiller Bar (Shown on the left):• AdvantagesAdvantages

Inexpensive designInexpensive design Reliable (few moving parts) Reliable (few moving parts) Simple constructionSimple construction

• DisadvantagesDisadvantages Locking mechanism is inferior to hand wheel monitor (Worm driven)Locking mechanism is inferior to hand wheel monitor (Worm driven) Heavy nozzles require a counterweightHeavy nozzles require a counterweight

Hand Wheel (Shown on the right):Hand Wheel (Shown on the right):• AdvantagesAdvantages

No locking required to maintain position (Worm driven)No locking required to maintain position (Worm driven) More precise positioning possibleMore precise positioning possible Better support for heavy nozzles Better support for heavy nozzles

• DisadvantagesDisadvantages More expensive designMore expensive design More moving partsMore moving parts

Motorized MonitorsMotorized Monitors

Question: What types of motor drive options are offered by FirePro on Question: What types of motor drive options are offered by FirePro on their motorized monitors?their motorized monitors?

Answer: All motorized monitors are worm gear driven. Drive type Answer: All motorized monitors are worm gear driven. Drive type can by either hydraulic or 12/24VDC Electric. Firepro’s 12/24VDC can by either hydraulic or 12/24VDC Electric. Firepro’s 12/24VDC Ultra-low electric monitor is shown below on the left. The Ultra-low electric monitor is shown below on the left. The hydraulic version is shown on the right. Monitor control box is hydraulic version is shown on the right. Monitor control box is available with controls for electric or hydraulic fog nozzle and/or available with controls for electric or hydraulic fog nozzle and/or water valve. water valve.

Elevated MonitorsElevated MonitorsQuestion: What are the Question: What are the

different types of elevated different types of elevated monitors offered by FirePro:monitors offered by FirePro:

Answer: Elevated monitors can Answer: Elevated monitors can be broken down into two be broken down into two basic groups:basic groups:• Supported (monitor Supported (monitor

requires reinforcement requires reinforcement from a supporting from a supporting structure) (Shown to the structure) (Shown to the left). Heights up to 150’.left). Heights up to 150’.

• Freestanding (Monitor is Freestanding (Monitor is mounted and supported mounted and supported by the base inlet flange by the base inlet flange only) (Shown to the only) (Shown to the right). Height up to 42’.right). Height up to 42’.

Elevated Monitors (cont.)Elevated Monitors (cont.)Question: What are advantages and disadvantages to using a supported elevated Question: What are advantages and disadvantages to using a supported elevated

monitor vs. a freestanding unit?monitor vs. a freestanding unit?

Answer:Answer:• FreestandingFreestanding

AdvantagesAdvantages• Simple flange mounting with no supporting structure neededSimple flange mounting with no supporting structure needed• Good overall flow characteristicsGood overall flow characteristics

DisadvantagesDisadvantages• Heights are limited to 42’Heights are limited to 42’• Maximum flow rates are limitedMaximum flow rates are limited• More Nozzle deflection than a supported unit More Nozzle deflection than a supported unit

• SupportedSupported AdvantagesAdvantages

• Heights up to 150’Heights up to 150’• Higher flow rates supportedHigher flow rates supported• Nozzle deflection is minimizedNozzle deflection is minimized

DisadvantagesDisadvantages• Supporting structure is requiredSupporting structure is required• Higher pressure losses at heights exceeding 42’ than a freestanding Higher pressure losses at heights exceeding 42’ than a freestanding

unitunit

WaterwaysWaterways

Question: What are advantages and disadvantages to a single Question: What are advantages and disadvantages to a single waterway vs. a dual (bifurcated) waterway?waterway vs. a dual (bifurcated) waterway?

Answer:Answer:• Single WaterwaySingle Waterway

AdvantagesAdvantages• Constant velocityConstant velocity• Simpler constructionSimpler construction• Good overall flow characteristicsGood overall flow characteristics

DisadvantagesDisadvantages• Bulkier shape and size.Bulkier shape and size.

• Dual WaterwayDual Waterway AdvantagesAdvantages

• Compact constructionCompact construction• Symmetrical designSymmetrical design

DisadvantagesDisadvantages• Changing stream velocities and directions.Changing stream velocities and directions.• Loss of stream energy (through friction = heat loss)Loss of stream energy (through friction = heat loss)• More difficult construction (requires castings)More difficult construction (requires castings)

Question: Why is a single waterway monitor shaped the way it is?Question: Why is a single waterway monitor shaped the way it is?

Answer: A single waterway monitor is shaped the way it is so the centerline of the nozzle passes Answer: A single waterway monitor is shaped the way it is so the centerline of the nozzle passes through the centerline of both swivels. The reason for this is to eliminate any resulting torque about through the centerline of both swivels. The reason for this is to eliminate any resulting torque about either swivel that would be produced by the jet reaction force of the nozzle. For a torque to exist, either swivel that would be produced by the jet reaction force of the nozzle. For a torque to exist, there has to be a reaction force AND a moment arm. Ensuring that the nozzle centerline passes there has to be a reaction force AND a moment arm. Ensuring that the nozzle centerline passes through the swivel centerlines eliminates the moment arm, thereby eliminating the resulting torque. through the swivel centerlines eliminates the moment arm, thereby eliminating the resulting torque. If a moment arm did exist, the torque to turn the monitor would dramatically increase.If a moment arm did exist, the torque to turn the monitor would dramatically increase.

Waterways (cont.)Waterways (cont.)

Question: Why is a single waterway monitor shaped the way it is?Question: Why is a single waterway monitor shaped the way it is?

Answer: A single waterway monitor is shaped the way it is so the centerline of the nozzle passes Answer: A single waterway monitor is shaped the way it is so the centerline of the nozzle passes through the centerline of both swivels. The reason for this is to eliminate any resulting torque about through the centerline of both swivels. The reason for this is to eliminate any resulting torque about either swivel that would be produced by the jet reaction force of the nozzle. For a torque to exist, either swivel that would be produced by the jet reaction force of the nozzle. For a torque to exist, there has to be a reaction force AND a moment arm. Ensuring that the nozzle centerline passes there has to be a reaction force AND a moment arm. Ensuring that the nozzle centerline passes through the swivel centerlines eliminates the moment arm, thereby eliminating the resulting torque. through the swivel centerlines eliminates the moment arm, thereby eliminating the resulting torque. If a moment arm did exist, the torque to turn the monitor would dramatically increase.If a moment arm did exist, the torque to turn the monitor would dramatically increase.

Waterways (cont.)Waterways (cont.)

Waterways (cont.)Waterways (cont.)The following is a simple illustration showing the torque calculation with and without an The following is a simple illustration showing the torque calculation with and without an

existing moment arm. Shown on the left would be a swivel with a existing moment existing moment arm. Shown on the left would be a swivel with a existing moment arm. The torque in this situation is T = JLarm. The torque in this situation is T = JL

Where:Where:

J = Jet reaction force (lbs)J = Jet reaction force (lbs)

L = Length of the moment arm (inches)L = Length of the moment arm (inches)

T = Torque (in*lbs)T = Torque (in*lbs)

Shown on the right would be a swivel with no moment arm, i.e. L = 0. The torque in Shown on the right would be a swivel with no moment arm, i.e. L = 0. The torque in this case would be T = J*0 = 0 because the length of the moment arm is zerothis case would be T = J*0 = 0 because the length of the moment arm is zero

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Straight bore nozzlesStraight bore nozzlesQuestion: What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of straight Question: What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of straight

bore nozzles? bore nozzles?Answer:Answer:

Advantages:Advantages:• Maximum reachMaximum reach• Best overall straight stream qualityBest overall straight stream quality• InexpensiveInexpensive• ReliableReliable

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:• Non-adjustable flow rateNon-adjustable flow rate• Non-adjustable stream shapeNon-adjustable stream shape• If pressure changes, nozzle must be changed to maintain flow rateIf pressure changes, nozzle must be changed to maintain flow rate• Low pressure yields poor stream velocity and poor reachLow pressure yields poor stream velocity and poor reach

Flow rate equation for a fixed orificeFlow rate equation for a fixed orifice

Q = 29.71CdQ = 29.71Cd22√P√P

Where:Where:

Q = Flow Rate (GPM)Q = Flow Rate (GPM)C = Flow coefficient = .98 for a typical C = Flow coefficient = .98 for a typical

straight bore nozzlestraight bore nozzled = Orifice diameter (in.)d = Orifice diameter (in.)P = Nozzle inlet pressure (PSI)P = Nozzle inlet pressure (PSI)

Flow rate equation for a fixed orifice (cont.)Flow rate equation for a fixed orifice (cont.)

Example: Find the flow rate through a 1.5” Example: Find the flow rate through a 1.5” fixed orifice nozzle with a nozzle inlet fixed orifice nozzle with a nozzle inlet pressure 80PSI.pressure 80PSI.

Answer:Answer:

Using the equation: Q = 29.71CdUsing the equation: Q = 29.71Cd22√P, √P,

Q = 29.71(.98)(1.5Q = 29.71(.98)(1.522)) √80 = 586GPM√80 = 586GPM

Typical fixed orifice flow ratesTypical fixed orifice flow ratesFlow Rate (GPM)Flow Rate (GPM)

Orifice SizeOrifice Size @75 PSI*@75 PSI* @100 PSI*@100 PSI* @125 PSI*@125 PSI*

------------------------------ -------------------- ---------------------- --------------------------

.500”.500” 6363 7373 8181

.625”.625” 9898 114114 127127

.750”.750” 142142 164164 183183

1.000”1.000” 252252 291291 326326

1.250”1.250” 394394 455455 509509

1.500”1.500” 567567 655655 732732

1.750”1.750” 772772 892892 997997

2.000”2.000” 10091009 11651165 13021302

* Pressure at Nozzle Inlet

Fixed flow rate fog nozzlesFixed flow rate fog nozzlesQuestion: What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of fixed flow rate fog nozzles?Question: What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of fixed flow rate fog nozzles?

Answer:Answer:Advantages:Advantages:

• Adjustable from straight stream to full fog patternAdjustable from straight stream to full fog pattern• Good straight stream qualityGood straight stream quality• Reliable (No moving parts)Reliable (No moving parts)• Reasonably inexpensive Reasonably inexpensive

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:• Non-adjustable flow rateNon-adjustable flow rate• Less reach than a straight bore nozzleLess reach than a straight bore nozzle• If pressure changes, nozzle restriction must be changed to maintain flow rateIf pressure changes, nozzle restriction must be changed to maintain flow rate• Low pressure yields poor stream velocity and poor reachLow pressure yields poor stream velocity and poor reach

Adjustable flow nozzlesAdjustable flow nozzlesQuestion: What types of adjustable nozzles does FirePro offer:Question: What types of adjustable nozzles does FirePro offer:

Answer: There are two types of nozzles that can be considered adjustable:Answer: There are two types of nozzles that can be considered adjustable: Stacked straight bore nozzleStacked straight bore nozzle

• Nozzle consists of a series of different orifices sizes that may be unscrewed and Nozzle consists of a series of different orifices sizes that may be unscrewed and removed or replaced in order to achieve a range of flow rates. (Shown below on removed or replaced in order to achieve a range of flow rates. (Shown below on the left)the left)

Selectable flow rate fog nozzleSelectable flow rate fog nozzle• Nozzle has a selectable flow rate feature that allows the user to choose a few Nozzle has a selectable flow rate feature that allows the user to choose a few

different flow rates different flow rates

Constant pressure fog nozzlesConstant pressure fog nozzles

Question: How does a constant pressure Question: How does a constant pressure nozzle differ from a fixed flow nozzle?nozzle differ from a fixed flow nozzle?

Answer: A fixed flow fog nozzle has a fixed Answer: A fixed flow fog nozzle has a fixed restriction that can only be changed restriction that can only be changed manually. A constant pressure nozzle has manually. A constant pressure nozzle has a spring loaded poppet that effectively a spring loaded poppet that effectively reduces or increases the flow rate reduces or increases the flow rate automatically in order to maintain automatically in order to maintain constant pressure. constant pressure.

Constant pressure fog nozzles (cont.)Constant pressure fog nozzles (cont.)

Question: What are some of the advantages and Question: What are some of the advantages and disadvantages to Constant pressure nozzles?disadvantages to Constant pressure nozzles?

Answer: Answer: Advantages:Advantages:• Improved stream velocity at low pressuresImproved stream velocity at low pressures• Improved reach at low pressureImproved reach at low pressure• Nozzle automatically adjusts when system flow capacity Nozzle automatically adjusts when system flow capacity

changeschanges

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:• More moving partsMore moving parts• Less reliable that fixed flow nozzlesLess reliable that fixed flow nozzles• Any binding in poppet assembly results in poor Any binding in poppet assembly results in poor

performanceperformance

ReachReach

Question: How is maximum reach achieved Question: How is maximum reach achieved through any nozzle?through any nozzle?

Answer: Maximum reach is achieved Answer: Maximum reach is achieved through the formation of tightly grouped, through the formation of tightly grouped, large slugs of water. Large slugs have less large slugs of water. Large slugs have less frontal surface area which reduces drag frontal surface area which reduces drag and loss of stream energy due to wind and loss of stream energy due to wind resistance.resistance.

Reach (cont.)Reach (cont.)

Question: Why do straight bore nozzles Question: Why do straight bore nozzles typically reach farther than fog nozzles?typically reach farther than fog nozzles?

Answer: Straight bore nozzles do a much Answer: Straight bore nozzles do a much better job of forming large slugs of water. better job of forming large slugs of water. Because the water is forced around a Because the water is forced around a poppet in a fog nozzle, some the water is poppet in a fog nozzle, some the water is broken up and atomized. Once the water broken up and atomized. Once the water is atomized, some of the stream energy is is atomized, some of the stream energy is lost and frontal surface area of the slugs lost and frontal surface area of the slugs increases which reduces the effective increases which reduces the effective reach. reach.

Reach (cont.)Reach (cont.)

Question: Can reach be calculated for any Question: Can reach be calculated for any monitor / nozzle combination?monitor / nozzle combination?

Answer: Yes, but it requires software or a Answer: Yes, but it requires software or a nomogram and some tabular data that has nomogram and some tabular data that has to be found experimentally. Firepro’s to be found experimentally. Firepro’s Trajectory Plot program may be used for Trajectory Plot program may be used for this purpose. this purpose.

Reach (cont.)Reach (cont.)Question: What factors affect stream reach and trajectory:Question: What factors affect stream reach and trajectory:

Answer: Listed below are some of the factors that affect reach:Answer: Listed below are some of the factors that affect reach:

• Crosswinds (Cause atomization as well as changes in stream trajectory Crosswinds (Cause atomization as well as changes in stream trajectory and magnitude which reduces effective reach.)and magnitude which reduces effective reach.)

• Nozzle inlet pressureNozzle inlet pressure Optimum nozzle inlet pressure is between 80-100PSIOptimum nozzle inlet pressure is between 80-100PSI Excessive pressure causes atomization which reduces reach. Excessive pressure causes atomization which reduces reach. Insufficient pressure causes poor stream velocity which reduces effective Insufficient pressure causes poor stream velocity which reduces effective

reachreach• Nozzle style and designNozzle style and design

Straight bore nozzles form larger slugs of water with less atomizationStraight bore nozzles form larger slugs of water with less atomization Fog nozzles redirect the stream around a poppet causing atomization as well Fog nozzles redirect the stream around a poppet causing atomization as well

as loss of stream energy through heat (Energy lost due to friction = heat as loss of stream energy through heat (Energy lost due to friction = heat loss)loss)

Reach (cont.)Reach (cont.)Question: What is the effective reach for a typical 750GPM monitor @ 100PSI Question: What is the effective reach for a typical 750GPM monitor @ 100PSI

using a straight bore nozzle vs. a fog nozzle?using a straight bore nozzle vs. a fog nozzle?

Answer:Answer:

Typical reach at various nozzle angles for each combination is shown Typical reach at various nozzle angles for each combination is shown below: below:

Jet Reaction ForceJet Reaction Force

Question: What is jet reaction force and how is it calculated?Question: What is jet reaction force and how is it calculated?

Answer: Jet reaction force is a force that is produced when the water Answer: Jet reaction force is a force that is produced when the water in the waterway is accelerated through the nozzle. As the slugs of in the waterway is accelerated through the nozzle. As the slugs of water leave the nozzle and enter the atmosphere, the force water leave the nozzle and enter the atmosphere, the force pushing the slugs of water out of the nozzle has an equal and pushing the slugs of water out of the nozzle has an equal and opposite force that pushes back on the nozzle. The equation for opposite force that pushes back on the nozzle. The equation for jet reaction force is shown below:jet reaction force is shown below:

J = .0529Q√PJ = .0529Q√P

Where:Where:J = Jet reaction force (LBS)J = Jet reaction force (LBS)Q = Flow rate (GPM)Q = Flow rate (GPM)P = Nozzle Inlet pressure (PSI)P = Nozzle Inlet pressure (PSI)

Jet Reaction ForceJet Reaction Force

Example: Find the jet reaction force for a Example: Find the jet reaction force for a straight bore nozzle flowing straight bore nozzle flowing 500GPM@120PSI.500GPM@120PSI.

Answer: Answer:

Using the equation: J = .0529Q√P,Using the equation: J = .0529Q√P,

J = .0529(500)√120 = 290LBSJ = .0529(500)√120 = 290LBS