SPEAKER: Senior Inspector Cessar M. Patrocinio Jr.

FO2 Corpuz

Theme: “SUNOG AT SAKUNA AY PAGHANDAAN,KALIKASAN AY PANGALAGAAN NG

MATAMASA ANG PAGUNLAD NG BAYAN”

TOPICS: 1. Specific Objectives of Fire Protection

2. Fire Chemistry and Its Behavior

3. Fire Prevention and Control

4. Fire Safety Tips and Emergency Plan

5. Fire Suppression

“All the thieves in the world cannot take all your belongings, but one good FIRE could raze it to the ground in five minutes time”

Specific Objectives of Fire Protection To prevent fire from starting

To minimize losses if a fire occurs To eliminate the causes of fire To confine fire at its point of origin To save lives and property To put out the fire

Fire Chemistry and Its Behavior

Fire

- It is a result of a chain reaction from the rapid combination of oxygen, fuel, and heat.- It naturally occurs when the elements are present and combined in the right mixture,

and a fire can be prevented or extinguished by removing any one of the elements in the fire triangle.

What are the elements of fire?

Oxygen Twenty-one percent of the air we breathe is oxygen. Fires require at least 16% oxygen content to burn.

FuelThis is anything that will burn. It may be in the form of a solid, a flammable liquid or gaseous state. Solids may be wood, cloth or paper. Examples of flammable liquids are kerosene, oil and gasoline.

Heat A heat source is responsible for the initial ignition of fire. Boiling point of a water is 100°C while a fire starts around 300 degrees then grows up to 1,800.( A human body does not easily burn because we have our own prevention from the heat waves like sweating and hydration)

What kind of gas does fire produce?

Carbon monoxide

It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, poisonous gas produced by incomplete burning of carbon-based fuels, including gas, oil, wood and coal. Carbon monoxide stops a person from thinking and breathing. It prevents the blood from bringing oxygen to cells, tissues, and organs.

Nitrogen oxide It is a colorless, sweet-tasting gas. Continued breathing of the vapors makes you breathe faster and may impair the decision making process.

What is the temperature of the fire?

A fire starts around 300 degrees then may exceed to 1800°F. But the temperature of fire varies greatly depending on what is being burned and under what conditions.

Why fire is deadly?

Fire is deadly because you can die from breathing smoke and toxic gases. It can burn human and property.

How fast fire can spread?

A fire will double up every 30 Sec. In as 3 minutes it will turn into a FLASHOVER or when a room or other area becomes heated to the point where flames flash over the entire surface or area.

How fire can be dark?

Fire can be dark because it produces black and toxic smoke that can make the place zero visibility.

What are the stages of fire?

Incipient stage There is no visible smoke, no flame and very little heat. A significant amount of invisible combustion particles may be created.

Smoldering stage There are smoke but no flame and a little heat.

Flame stage There are smoke and visible flame. More heat and smoke are generated and travel in an upward direction toward the ceiling.

Heat stage Uncontrolled spread of superheated air. Large amounts of heat, flame, smoke and toxic gases are produced.

How fire can spread?

Direct Heat Transfer This is the transfer of heat from one body to another through direct flame contact.

Heat Transfer by Radiation It is the act of radiating or the emission and propagation of radiant heat or energy. It involves the thermal process whereby the atmospheric circulation is maintained through the upward or downward transfer of air masses of different temperature.

Heat Transfer by Conduction Heat may be conducted from one body to another by direct contact of the two bodies or by an intervening heat-conducting medium. Transfer of heat from one molecule to another,

Heat Transfer by ConvectionIt is the diffusion of heat in liquid or gas form through the motion of its parts. It is the transfer of heat by the movement of air or liquid.

What are the classification of fire?

Class A Involve ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics.

Class B

Involve flammable or combustible liquid greases and gases such as gasoline, oil, paint and etc.

Class C Involve energized electrical equipment such as charger, gadgets, appliances, etc.

Class D Involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, and potassium or any other metals that can be burned

Fire Prevention and Control

Safety Programs Prevent the outbreak of fire Provide early detection

Smoke Detector/Smoke Alarms It is a device that detects smoke, typically as an indicator of fire. Sprinkler System It is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a water supply system, providing adequate pressure and flow rate of a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected. Prevent the spread of fire Provide for prompt extinguishments Provide for prompt and early evacuation

Fire Safety Tips and Evacuation Plan

Fire safety tips: Smoker’s Safety

- If you smoke, smoke outside.- Wherever you smoke, use deep, sturdy ashtrays.- Make sure cigarettes and ashes are out.- Check for cigarette butts.

- Never smoke in a home where oxygen is used.

Electrical Safety- Check for outlets that have loose-fitting plugs, which can overheat and lead to fire- Make sure cords are in good condition—not frayed or cracked- Extension cords should only be used on a temporary basis; they are not intended as permanent household wiring.

- Don't leave plugged-in appliances where they might fall in contact with water- During an electrical storm, do not use appliances

During a fireCrawl 2 feet lower than the smokePutting out a fire on your body: STOP, DROP, ROLLEmergency procedures: STOP, THINK, ACT

Fire Escape Plan

Draw an escape plan of your home or inspect the place where you can go outside easily. Mark two ways out of each room, including windows and doors

Wake up all the members of the family If windows or doors in your home have security bars, make sure that the bars

have can be opened immediately in an emergency. Install smoke alarms in every sleeping room, outside each sleeping area and on

every level of the home. And when a smoke alarm sounds, get out immediately. Never Open Doors that are Hot to the Touch

Once Out, Stay Out It is important that all family members know the emergency numbers, especially

the fire, police and ambulance contact number. In escaping on the windows father should go down first then followed by

children, grandparents, mother and nanny if ever you have.

Fire Suppression

“Prevent Awareness Detection Response Extinguishment (PADRE)”

Parts of Fire Extinguisher

Types of Fire Extinguisher Water Fire Extinguishers (color red)

The cheapest and most widely used fire extinguishers. Used for Class A fires. Not suitable for Class B (Liquid) fires, or where electricity is involved.

Foam Fire Extinguishers (color cream)More expensive than water, but more versatile. Used for Classes A & B fires. Foam spray extinguishers are not recommended for fires involving electricity, but are safer than water if inadvertently sprayed onto live electrical apparatus.

Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers (color blue)Often termed the ‘multi-purpose’ extinguisher, as it can be used in classes A, B &

Safety Pin Lever

Carrying Handle

Hose

Data Plate

NozzleBody

Pressure Indicator Guide

C fires. Best for running liquid fires (Class B). Will efficiently extinguish Class C gas fires

CO2 Fire Extinguishers (color black)Carbon Dioxide is ideal for fires involving electrical apparatus, and will also extinguish class B liquid fires

How to use a Fire Extinguisher? (PASS) Pull the safety pin from the handle.

The pin is located at the top of the fire extinguisher. Once removed, it releases the locking mechanism, allowing you to discharge the extinguisher.

Aim the extinguisher nozzle or hose at the base of the fire. As explained, this removes the source or fuel of the fire. Keep yourself low.

Squeeze the handle or lever slowly to discharge the agent. Letting go of the handle will stop the discharge, so keep it held down.

Sweep side to side approximately 6in or 15cm over the fire until expended. The sweeping motion helps to extinguish the fire. Stand several feet or meters back from the fire: fire extinguishers are manufactured for use from a distance.

Guidelines in using a Fire Extinguisher

At least feet away from fire Check for your own safety before starting to extinguish a fire

Look for your exit points. Ensure that there is a clear exit for immediate escape should this become necessary

Only a contained fire should be fought using a fire extinguisher Check the type of extinguisher. Remember the simple acronym P.A.S.S. to help you use the fire extinguisher

effectively. Be aware that the typical fire extinguisher will contain around 10 seconds of

extinguishing power. If the room fills with smoke, make a hasty exit Fire extinguishers should be wall mounted in an accessible place.

Any extinguisher having a shell constructed of copper or brass joined by soft solder and/or rivets are dangerous

Regular maintenance and inspections of your portable fire extinguishers will provide assurance that they will operate effectively and safely if they are needed

Group 9 – BSA

Leader:Abdul Raman MalambutAsst. Leader: Joy Angelique Javier

Secretary: Helen Casey Peña

Members:Sheila Marie Dipolog

May EstamoGina Fabia

Gilcer HontiverosJehosaphat Rei PadayaoBienvenida Andrea Ceres

Gelbertjun GalendezGeraldine GonzagaKathleen Mendoza