fire safety in hospital

8/7/2019 Fire safety in hospital

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FIRE SAFETY IN HOSPITAL

Presented by:- Guided by:-Dr. Monisha Gupta Dr. G.R.M.PatilDr. Nivedita GaztaDr. Prafull Vishe



INDEX

Introduction & planning for firepreparedness

Fire Fighting & Equipments

Fire Plan & Fire Drill



I NTRODUCT I ON

y What is Fire?Fire is a chemical reaction of combustible

substances with oxygen in presence of heat AT

RI

GHT RATI

O, which further produces heat ,smoke, flame & light.

y Combustion :

is a process of oxidation or chemical reaction inwhich heat & light is produced.



COND I TI ONS FOR FI RE :The Fire Triangle

y Combustible substancey Oxygeny Heat

4th condition is the CHAIN REACTION which is necessary forany fire to burn continuously .(Fire Tetrahedron)

Fire Triangle



CLASS IFICATION OF FIRE SD epending on substance involvedType A general substances cotton, wood, paperType B inflammable liquids petrol, dieselType C inflammable gases L.P.G., medical O2Type D inflammable metals magnesium, sodiumType E electrical fires

Type F cooking oil, fat etc.



I NFRASTRUCTURE PLANNI NGy Appropriate Fire safety system should be installed in hospitals.y Means of egress/exit.y Fire resistant doors/fire check doors.y Fire lifty Fire exity Fire separating wall.y Fire stopy Fire towery Horizontal exity Smoke and fire barriers.y Construction material should be heat resistant.y Pressurized exclusion of smoke in case of fire or any smoke leak.y Lobbies, staircases, aisles, etc should be sufficiently wide to ensure

easy movement of traffic.

(National Building Code of India, 1980)



ELECTRICAL AND ENGI NEERI NG PLANNINGy Automatic fire detecting system.y Smoke and heat detection alarms.y Automatic sprinkler system.y Automatic switch off of electrical supply.y Electrical wiring enclosed in metal/ heavy gauge screwed

conduits.y The cable passing from one floor to the other should be

suggestively sealed off .y A master control switch for each floor should be located at the

ground floor for easy switching off of systems in case of emergency.

y I n case of centralized systems that we generally use in hospitalinfrastructures; care should be taken to provide appropriateautomatic fire dampers for each floor in the common ducting

system.



Contd«.«.

y Proper cooling facilities to dissipate heat for overheatedequipments/plants/machinery.

y Boilers, plant rooms, freezers, manholes and similar confinedspaces should have safe access & exits.

y

All equipments should be bonded and earthed properly todissipate the static charges to the earth.y I ncorporate totally enclosed switchgear systems/ miniature

circuit breakers instead of ordinary fuses.y

Emergency power supply arrangements like emergencylighting system and escape lighting system need to bedesigned & incorporated in case of total system switch-offsduring emergency



FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTI BLEMATER I ALS PLANNI NG

y Substitution:

Flammable liquids may be substituted by:

o relatively safe materials(stable and nontoxic)o nonflammable or materials having a high flashpoint.

y Storagey

Cabinetso Containero Glass or approved plastico Metalo Safety Canso Metal drumso Approved portable tanks

y Ventilationo Mechanical exhaust ventilation systemo To prevent the accumulation of vaporso Air movement directly to the exterior of the building



Condt««.y Elimination of I gnition Sources

y All nonessential ignition sources must be eliminated whereflammable liquids are used or stored such as:y Open flames- such as cutting and welding torches,

furnaces, matches.y Chemical sources of ignition- such as d.c. motors,

switched, and circuit breakers.y Mechanical sparks-these sparks can be produced as a

result of friction.y Static sparks-these sparks can be generated as a result of

electron transfer between two contacting surfaces.y Removal of I ncompatibles

y Oxidizers and organic peroxides, which, on

decomposition, can generate large amounts of oxygen.



Dr. Prafull Vishe

FIRE FIGH TING & EQUIPMEN TS



IMPOR TANCE OF FIRE SAFETY

O nce feature of manufacturing industry thissystem has been introduced in hospitalsmarking changing nature of hospitals asindustry.Need permission from Chief Fire O fficer

Compared to other survival methods likeswimming, first aid



PLANNING FOR FIRE FIGHTINGPLANNING FOR FIRE FIGHTING

y Principles of fire fighting

- Fire can be prevented by not allowing 3conditions to complete the fire triangle.

- Controlling even one factor will ensure

the fire safety.



FIRE DETECTION SYSTEMFIRE DETECTION SYSTEMH eat & smoke

detectors : sense fire &

give off alarm so that firecan be controlled ininitial stage itself.

Control system shouldbe manned 24 hrs.



FIRE DE TECTION SYSTEM«..contdFIRE DE TECTION SYSTEM«..contd.

A part from thesedetectors, breakglass units &hooters are alsoprovided at strategic

areas.



FIRE ALARMSFIRE ALARMSSmoke & fire detection devices areinstalled in patient rooms & other highrisk areas in the heating & ventilating

ducts between floors.O n activation there will be an audiblesound throughout hospital campus.

If there is fire in room, indicator lightoutside that patient room should getactivated.



FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMSFIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

Extinguishers

Wet riser system

Sprinkler system



FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM AT HOSPITALFIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM AT HOSPITALB asically it consists of static water supply sourcewithin the building . Connected to this are first aidhose reels & hydrant valve s with hoses at everyfloor level & strategically placed.If the building is high rise, there should be a wetriser serving 1000 sq. meters of floor area towhich hose reels & hydrant valves are connected.The required pressure in line should be providedwith suitable capacity pumps.Unmanned areas require sprinklers.Portable fire fighting extinguishers of the type &capacity suitable for specific areas of application

should be provided in strategic location.



ExtinguishersExtinguishersFire extinguishers are sturdy, metal cylinders filled withwater or a smothering material. When you depress alever at the top of the cylinder the material is expelledby high pressure

Type of extinguishing materialWater Class A

Pure Carbondioxide Class ADry chemical foam Class A ,BDry chemical powder (D.C.P.) Class A ,B ,CMonnex Dry Powder Class A ,B ,CWet chemical Class B

Location and MarkingEasily accessible,Clearly visibleProperly marked with class of fire



y Mounting and Distributiony installed on hangers, brackets, in cabinets, or on shelves.y gross weight not exceeding 40 pounds will be so installed

that the top of the extinguisher is not more than 3-1/2 feetabove the floor

y extinguisher operating instructions face outwardy distributed in such a way that the amount of time needed

to travel to their location and back to the fire does not allowthe fire to get out of control.

y O ccupational Safety and H ealth A dministration ( OSHA ) :y Class A ,D- 75 feety Class B - 50 feet

y Inspection and Maintenancey the CDC O ffice of H ealth and Safety to oversee the

inspection, maintenance, and testing of fire extinguishers



PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERES

Mode of A ction-Water based

-Foam type-DCP-CO 2



Application of Extinguishers



WET RISER SYSTEMWET RISER SYSTEM

Consists of 2 high pressure pumps2 water tanksB ooster pumpsWater pipes, valves,

hydrants, hoses, nozzles

Electrical control panel



SPRINKLER SYSTEM LAYOUT



SPRINK LER SYSTEM

H eat bursts thebulb at head,water falls on the

deflector formingspray



GAS BASED EXTINGUISHER SYSTEM

To be used for fire fighting in O TConsists of inert gaseous mixture mainly

Nitrogen & A rgon with special proprietaryadditive

A cts by lowering the oxygenconcentration below 11.5% which isrequired for sustainment of fire.



D r. Monisha Gupta

FIRE P LAN & FIRE DRI LLS



EMERGENCI ES I NVOLVI NG FI REy Fire Alarmsy Evacuation Routes and Plansy Emergency Coordinators



EMERGENCY EGRESS



EMERGENCY EGRESSy Fire escape routes are kept free of clutter all the

timey I t should be provided with emergency lighting

system or radium glow strips for easy identificationof route in dark

y For accessing the fire spot this route is used inreverse direction.

y

At designated station there should be a headcountto find out any missing person.



EMERGENCY PROCEDURESI F THE FI RE I S I N YOUR AREA

y Remove the person from immediate dangery Activate fire alarmy

Use the code Doctor Red or Code Red.y Dial telephone operator and give exact location and extentof fire.

y Seal off the affected area. Close all windows and doors.y Use wet blanket to confine smoke.y Shut off all equipment , gas etc.y Fight the fire by using a proper extinguisher.y Follow your dept. specific fire plans and procedures .



CONTD«

y Take a head count off patients and staff.y Post staff at the elevator.y Establish contact with engineering department and security.y Establish and maintain communication with the control

centre.y Relinquish control when fire dept. personnel arrive at scene.y When the fire is completely put off than an all clear message

to the control centre.



CONTD«.I

F THE FI

REI

S NOTI

N YOUR AREAy Stop what you are doing.y Report to your dept. head or supervisor.y Continue your duties within your department if instructed

by supervisor.y Take the head count off patients and staff.y Check with the supervisor before shutting off any

equipment or gas.y Communicate with the patients and reassure them.y Post staff at the elevator.y Maintain a stand by alert for any eventuality.



PREVENTI ONS OF FI REy Effective fire safety program for the hospital.y Written policies and procedure manual covering all

contingencies arising from fire.y Every department should have a departmental fire plan and

a fire procedure manual outlining every employee·s role inthe plan.

y There should be a Doctor Red alert team to direct all firefighting operations.

y Learn at least two escape routes, and emergency exits from

your area.y Never use an elevator as part of your escape route.y Learn to activate a fire alarm.



CONTD«.y

Learn to recognize alarm sounds.y Simulated fire drills should be conducted periodically.

These drills will ensure that all personnel understandthere roles in the fire safety program.

y Fire drills should be conducted in a realistic mannerand on periodic basis.



PRACTI CE MAKES A MAN PERFECT



FI RE DRI LLS

PERI OD I C FI RE DRI LLS SHOULD BE CONDUCTEDy To ensure staff is fully trained.y Everyone is able to recognize the alarm system & is

familiar with layout & escape routes to gather at

designated pointy Ensure fire fighting equipments are in proper working

condition along with trial of communicationequipment.

y The equipment used in drills should be immediatelybrought back to operational condition. Any faults &defects discovered should be remedied immediately

y Conducted as if there was actual emergency, should alsoinclude rescue of patients.



CHALLENGES IN FIRE SAFETY

y To maintain the integrity of the means of egressy To maintain fire safety equipment and fire safety building

featuresy Have building and fire protection features designed and

maintained to minimize the effects of fire, smoke and heaty To inspect, test and maintain emergency power systemsy To conduct fire drills at periodic basis to impart and improve

their fire fighting skills.



Maj or fire a t Hyder aba d hosp italA major fire broke out in a private superspeciality hospital in which around 150 people including 29

patients in I CU and emergency wards had a providential escape today but an old patient on

ventilation was not lucky.The condition of four persons, including three nurses, was critical after they inhaled smoke and

jumped from the secondfloor when huge flames and thick clouds of smoke leapt from the five-storey hospital buildinghere, hospital sources said.

The blaze started on the ground floor of 'Park Superspeciality Hospital' building this morning and

quickly spread to the top floor. The persons including several hospital staff who were lucky toescape were trapped inside for nearly one hour before being pulled out of the fire.

Mangaiah, 75, a native of Suryapet who was already on ventilation before being shifted to a nearbyhospital after the blaze, died this evening reportedly due to shock and inhaling smoke, hospitalsources said tonight.

As many as 37 persons, including 29 patients who were undergoing treatment in I CU and otheremergency wards, were shiftedto a nearby corporate hospital. Though none of them sufferedburn injuries, they complained of asphyxiation due toexcess inhaling of smoke, sources said.

They were among the 150 persons that including patients, medical, para- medical staff andattendants to have a providential escape due to timely evacuation by the fire brigade and policepersonnel.

Ten fire engines and advanced equipment were deployed to extinguish the flames in about twohours, Hyderabad district fire officer P Deen Dayal said.

fire safety in hospital

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