Fire & its Protection

**Fire Basics

Fire Triangle: Heat, Fuel and Oxygen.

Extinguishment theory: break the triangle.

**The Fire TriangleFour things must be present at the same time in order to produce fire:

**The Fire TriangleFUEL - any combustible material - solid, liquid or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporize before they will burn.

**The Fire TriangleFUEL - any combustible material - solid, liquid or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporize before they will burn. OXYGEN - Sufficient oxygen must be present in the atmosphere surrounding the fuel for fire to burn.

**The Fire TriangleFUEL - any combustible material - solid, liquid or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporize before they will burn. OXYGEN - Sufficient oxygen must be present in the atmosphere surrounding the fuel for fire to burn. HEAT- Sufficient heat energy must be applied to raise the fuel to it's ignition temperature

**The Fire TriangleFUEL - any combustible material - solid, liquid or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporize before they will burn. OXYGEN - Sufficient oxygen must be present in the atmosphere surrounding the fuel for fire to burn. HEAT- Sufficient heat energy must be applied to raise the fuel to it's ignition temperature Chemical, exothermic reaction - This reaction can occur when all three of the above elements are present in the proper conditions and proportions. Fire (rapid oxidisation) is the result of this chemical reaction.

**The Fire TriangleFUEL - any combustible material - solid, liquid or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporize before they will burn. OXYGEN - Sufficient oxygen must be present in the atmosphere surrounding the fuel for fire to burn. HEAT- Sufficient heat energy must be applied to raise the fuel to it's ignition temperature Chemical, exothermic reaction - This reaction can occur when all three of the above elements are present in the proper conditions and proportions. Fire (rapid oxidisation) is the result of this chemical reaction.

**The Fire TriangleFUEL - any combustible material - solid, liquid or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporize before they will burn. OXYGEN - Sufficient oxygen must be present in the atmosphere surrounding the fuel for fire to burn. HEAT- Sufficient heat energy must be applied to raise the fuel to it's ignition temperature Chemical, exothermic reaction - This reaction can occur when all three of the above elements are present in the proper conditions and proportions. Fire (rapid oxidisation) is the result of this chemical reaction.

Fire extinguishers put out fire by taking away one or more elements of the fire triangle.

**Fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid oxidation (burning) of a fuel.

**Life SafetyThe primary goal of fire safety efforts is to protect building occupants from injury and to prevent loss of life. Property ProtectionThe secondary goal of fire safety is to prevent property damage. Protection of OperationsBy preventing fires and limiting damage we can assure that work operations will continue.

Fire Prevention Goals

**Stages of Fire DevelopmentIncipient fire: is the beginning stage and can be controlled with rapid intervention.Free burning fire: is the building stage of fire and is beyond the capability of untrained personnel.Decay stage: of fire is when the fire is out of fuel OR has a lack of oxygen.

**Detection SystemsThe detection systems may be heat detectors or smoke detectors or a combination of both.Purpose of detection system is to react to a fire at the incipient stage. Once the fire is detected the system should at a minimum warn occupants.The system may also notify Fire Department.

**Classes of FireClass A:

Class B:

Class C:

Class D:

**Classes of firesFires are categorized into classes according to the type of fuel or the dangers present.

**Classes of firesClass A Extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary combustibles, such as wood and paper.

Class B Extinguishers should be used on fires involving flammable liquids, such as grease, gasoline, oil, etc.

Class C Extinguishers should be used on fires involving flammable gas.

Class D Extinguishers are designed for use on flammable metals and are often specific for the type of metal in question.

Class E Extinguishers are suitable for use when electricity is present.

Class F Extinguishers are suitable for cooking oils and fats.

**Classes of firesClass A Extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary combustibles, such as wood and paper.

Class B Extinguishers should be used on fires involving flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, etc.

Class C Extinguishers should be used on fires involving flammable gas.

Class D Extinguishers are designed for use on flammable metals and are often specific for the type of metal in question.

Class E Extinguishers are suitable for use when electricity is present.

Class F Extinguishers are suitable for cooking oils and fats.

**Classes of firesClass A Extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary combustibles, such as wood and paper.

Class B Extinguishers should be used on fires involving flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, etc.

Class C Extinguishers should be used on fires involving flammable gas.

Class D Extinguishers are designed for use on flammable metals and are often specific for the type of metal in question.

Class E Extinguishers are suitable for use when electricity is present.

Class F Extinguishers are suitable for cooking oils and fats.

**Classes of firesClass A Extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary combustibles, such as wood and paper.

Class B Extinguishers should be used on fires involving flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, etc.

Class C Extinguishers should be used on fires involving flammable gas.

Class D Extinguishers are designed for use on flammable metals and are often specific for the type of metal in question.

Class E Extinguishers are suitable for use when electricity is present.

Class F Extinguishers are suitable for cooking oils and fats.

**Classes of firesClass A Extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary combustibles, such as wood and paper.

Class B Extinguishers should be used on fires involving flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, etc.

Class C Extinguishers should be used on fires involving flammable gas.

Class D Extinguishers are designed for use on flammable metals and are often specific for the type of metal in question.

Class E Extinguishers are suitable for use when electricity is present.

Class F Extinguishers are suitable for cooking oils and fats.

**Classes of firesClass A Extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary combustibles, such as wood and paper.

Class B Extinguishers should be used on fires involving flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, etc.

Class C Extinguishers should be used on fires involving flammable gas.

Class D Extinguishers are designed for use on flammable metals and are often specific for the type of metal in question.

Class E Extinguishers are suitable for use when electricity is present.

Class F Extinguishers are suitable for cooking oils and fats.

**Using ExtinguishersCall local Fire Department.Evaluate type of fire and size of fire.NEVER put the fire between you and your exit.Remember P A S S.Test, before attempting extinguishment.Back away from fire area even if no fire is visible.

**Automatic Sprinkler SystemsOver 100 years of protection.90 % effective in keeping fire small.Excellent record in protecting life safety and property. Designed to meet hazard.

**Structure Fire ThreatsLife Safety: To occupants and responding firefighters

Incident Stabilization: Without sprinklers the fire can continue to grow in size

Property Conservation: The greater the damage the more disruption will occur

**Cost of Business InterruptionUnemployment

Decreased tax base

Loss of product/service availability

Restoration of Property Costs