fire protection systems chapter 6. fire protection systems most of the time you will work with an...
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Fire Protection Systems
Chapter 6
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Fire Protection Systems
• Most of the time you will work with an electrical engineer or fire-protection designer to coordinate fire protection systems with the rest of the design.
• Detection Systems• Alarm Systems• Extinguishing Systems
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Fire Detection
• Smoke Detectors– Reference NFPA 72 for
location requirements• Heat Detectors
– Often used in combination with smoke detectors
• Manual Fire Alarms– Typically should be within a
travel distance of 200 feet – Must meet accessibility
requirements
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Alarm Systems
• Visual & Audible Alarm Systems– Refer to standard NFPA 72– Must meet accessibility requirements
• Voice Communication Systems– Factories, hospitals & assisted living, large storage facilities, high-
rise buildings, plus other Assembly and Hazardous occupancies• Accessible Warning Systems
– Additional systems to the required visual & audible systems• Tactile systems (vibrations), etc.
• Emergency Alarm Systems– For emergencies other than fires– Computer controlled or manual and includes a voice
communication system
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Extinguishing Systems
• Fire Extinguishers– Refer to fire codes, LSC, and NFPA
10– Must meet ADA guidelines
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Extinguishing Systems
• Standpipes & Fire Hoses: refer to codes & NFPA 14– Classes:
• Class I: Designed for fire departments to use – pipes with outlets for fire department hoses to hook up to
• Class II: Designed for occupants to use – hoses are attached – for buildings with no sprinkler system
• Class III: Combination of Class I and Class II
– Types:• Automatic wet system: water supply within piping system• Automatic dry system: filled with pressured air & has a hose valve• Manual wet system: doesn’t have water in pipes, but connects to water
supply that can be pumped into pipes by fire dept.• Manual dry system: no water within the pipes or in an attached supply –
must be pumped in from fire dept.• Semiautomatic dry system: – similar to automatic dry system, but requires
a remote control to activate valve system for water
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Extinguishing Systems
• Sprinkler Systems: refer to building codes, fire codes, LSC and NFPA 13– Respond to heat– Types of sprinkler systems:
• Wet pipe system: most common. Pipes are filled with water all of the time
• Dry pipe system: used in unheated building types – filled with pressurized air or nitrogen that when released, fills pipes with water
• Deluge system: used in hazardous situations – activated by a separate detection system - open head water system to discharge large quantities of water for sever fires
• Preaction system: combination of wet and dry systems to allow delayed reaction & warning signals. Activated by detection system and allows for delayed reaction for system to be turned off if not needed– For areas where property is susceptible to water damage (museums)
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Extinguishing Systems
• Sprinkler Systems, continued…– Types of sprinkler heads
• Standard spray head: most common type, can be used as an upright, pendant, sidewall, recessed or concealed. Each head covers approximately 225 square feet.
• Fast-response: activated by low level of heat• Residential: used to minimize heat buildup and production of carbon
monoxide while occupants are exiting (NFPA 13D, NFPA 13R, and NFPA 13 systems)
• Quick response: upright, pendant, or sidewall• Extended coverage: can cover up to 400 sq. ft., can be upright, pendant or
sidewall.• Large-drop: deliver water in large droplets for hard-to-suppress fires• Open: used in deluge systems – heads remain open and once turned on,
release large amounts of water for sever fires• Specialty: tamper-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and decorative.
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Extinguishing Systems
• Alternative Extinguishing Systems– Non-water-based
fire extinguishing• Wet-chemical• Dry-chemical• foam• Carbon dioxide• Clean-agent