fire protection & fire prevention - tradecore...

Fire Protection & Fire Protection & Fire PreventionFire Prevention

29 CFR 1910.15729 CFR 1910.157--16516529 CFR 1920.25229 CFR 1920.252

29 CFR 1910.3929 CFR 1910.39

Written Fire Prevention Written Fire Prevention ProgramProgram

For locations with 10 or more employees For locations with 10 or more employees personnel must be provided with the written personnel must be provided with the written Fire Prevention Plan.Fire Prevention Plan.

29 CFR 1910.157-16529 CFR 1920.252

Written ProgramWritten Program

Plan must contain the following elements: Plan must contain the following elements:

A list of the major workplace fire hazards and A list of the major workplace fire hazards and their proper handling and storage procedures their proper handling and storage procedures

potential ignition sources and control potential ignition sources and control procedures procedures

type of fire protection equipment type of fire protection equipment

Names or regular job titles of those personnel Names or regular job titles of those personnel responsible for maintenance of equipment responsible for maintenance of equipment

Names or regular job titles of those personnel Names or regular job titles of those personnel responsible for control of fuel source hazards responsible for control of fuel source hazards

Presenter

Presentation Notes

A list of the major workplace fire hazards and their proper handling and storage procedures, potential ignition sources (such as welding, smoking and others) and their control procedures, and the type of fire protection equipment or systems which can control a fire involving them; Names or regular job titles of those personnel responsible for maintenance of equipment and systems installed to prevent or control ignitions or fires; and Names or regular job titles of those personnel responsible for control of fuel source hazards.

Responsibility Responsibility

The company Safety Officer is solely responsible The company Safety Officer is solely responsible for all facets of this plan and has full authority to for all facets of this plan and has full authority to make necessary decisions to ensure success of make necessary decisions to ensure success of this plan. this plan.

This authority includes both determining This authority includes both determining personnel activities and equipment purchases personnel activities and equipment purchases necessary to implement and operate this plan. necessary to implement and operate this plan.

The Safety Officer will audit the Fire Prevention The Safety Officer will audit the Fire Prevention Plan as necessary to ensure its effectiveness. Plan as necessary to ensure its effectiveness.

ResponsibilityResponsibility

Our employees have the most important role Our employees have the most important role in our Fire Prevention Plan. in our Fire Prevention Plan.

The items required by this role are:The items required by this role are:

Attend the fire prevention training sessions,Attend the fire prevention training sessions,

Remain aware of any potential fire hazards in your Remain aware of any potential fire hazards in your work area and follow the proper fire prevention work area and follow the proper fire prevention procedures,procedures,

Be familiar with any applicable emergency Be familiar with any applicable emergency procedures and evacuation procedures,procedures and evacuation procedures,

Practice good housekeeping procedures.Practice good housekeeping procedures.

Housekeeping Procedures Housekeeping Procedures

In our facility and on job sites, flammable In our facility and on job sites, flammable and combustible materials are controlled and combustible materials are controlled so that they do not contribute to a fire so that they do not contribute to a fire emergency. emergency.

HousekeepingHousekeeping

While accumulations of waste and scrap materials may not While accumulations of waste and scrap materials may not by themselves cause a fire, they do present an invitation to by themselves cause a fire, they do present an invitation to serve as fuel for a fire. Below is a list of controls:serve as fuel for a fire. Below is a list of controls:

Provide a program of adequate disposal of all combustible Provide a program of adequate disposal of all combustible wastes and rubbish designed specifically for the operations wastes and rubbish designed specifically for the operations or processes involved.or processes involved.

Provide safe containers for all substances subject to Provide safe containers for all substances subject to spontaneous heating, also for prompt and regular disposal spontaneous heating, also for prompt and regular disposal of their contents.of their contents.

Store large amounts of wastepaper or combustible waste, Store large amounts of wastepaper or combustible waste, which cannot be removed immediately, in fire resistive which cannot be removed immediately, in fire resistive vaults. If possible, the waste should be baled and a vaults. If possible, the waste should be baled and a sprinkler system installed in the vault.sprinkler system installed in the vault.

HousekeepingHousekeeping

Provide for regular inspections of the waste Provide for regular inspections of the waste storage area.storage area.

Provide a program of internal housekeeping Provide a program of internal housekeeping which will prevent any accumulation of waste which will prevent any accumulation of waste and which will provide safe, clean work areas.and which will provide safe, clean work areas.

Use nonflammable cleaning solvents.Use nonflammable cleaning solvents.

Provide a program of external housekeeping to Provide a program of external housekeeping to prevent accumulation of waste, brush, or high prevent accumulation of waste, brush, or high grass around buildings.grass around buildings.

HousekeepingHousekeeping Flammable LiquidsFlammable Liquids

Flammable liquids do not by themselves Flammable liquids do not by themselves cause fire, but they are dangerous cause fire, but they are dangerous because of their low flash points and low because of their low flash points and low ignition temperatures. Some common ignition temperatures. Some common precautions are:precautions are:

Avoid use of highly flammable liquids, where Avoid use of highly flammable liquids, where possible, by substituting a nontoxic and possible, by substituting a nontoxic and nonflammable or less flammable liquid in their nonflammable or less flammable liquid in their place. place.


Keep flammable liquids in closed metal Keep flammable liquids in closed metal containers or safety cans, never in glass containers or safety cans, never in glass containers.containers.

Limit the amount of flammable liquid in the work Limit the amount of flammable liquid in the work area to that needed for one shift.area to that needed for one shift.

Provide safe operating procedures, including Provide safe operating procedures, including local exhaust Systems, for all processes.local exhaust Systems, for all processes.

Remove or control all ignition sources, such as Remove or control all ignition sources, such as static electricity, smoking, and open flames.static electricity, smoking, and open flames.


Provide for adequate clearances between Provide for adequate clearances between flammable liquid containers or safety cans and flammable liquid containers or safety cans and any heat sources.any heat sources.

Provide adequate ventilation for all operations Provide adequate ventilation for all operations involving the use or storage of flammable involving the use or storage of flammable liquids.liquids.

Store large amounts of flammable liquids in a Store large amounts of flammable liquids in a separate fire resistive building or vault which separate fire resistive building or vault which conforms to the recognized standards. Storage conforms to the recognized standards. Storage tanks should be properly vented and placed in tanks should be properly vented and placed in diked areas, and supported by masonry or diked areas, and supported by masonry or poured concrete supports. poured concrete supports.


Provide suitable gas free testing Provide suitable gas free testing equipment and personal protective equipment and personal protective equipment for the safe operating equipment for the safe operating procedures in cleaning and repairing procedures in cleaning and repairing tanks.tanks.

Provide for the safe disposal of flammable Provide for the safe disposal of flammable liquid waste; e.g. by burning the waste at liquid waste; e.g. by burning the waste at an isolated safe location. Never dump an isolated safe location. Never dump flammable liquid waste into sewers.flammable liquid waste into sewers.


Anticipate flammable liquid spills and Anticipate flammable liquid spills and provide means to control and limit provide means to control and limit spillage, as well as suitable absorptive spillage, as well as suitable absorptive material for use in cleaning up spills.material for use in cleaning up spills.

Always use and handle flammable liquids Always use and handle flammable liquids with extreme caution, no matter how with extreme caution, no matter how familiar they are to you.familiar they are to you.

Major Workplace Fire Hazards Major Workplace Fire Hazards

All major workplace fire hazards, their All major workplace fire hazards, their proper handling and storage procedures, proper handling and storage procedures, potential ignition sources such as welding, potential ignition sources such as welding, smoking, and forklifts, control procedures smoking, and forklifts, control procedures such as hot work permit, and the type of such as hot work permit, and the type of fire control equipment to be utilized shall fire control equipment to be utilized shall be documented and kept on file.be documented and kept on file.

Hot Work ControlHot Work Control

Hot work will be controlled through Hot work will be controlled through implementation of Hot Work Safety implementation of Hot Work Safety Procedures. Procedures.

Hot work is any operation that produces Hot work is any operation that produces heat or sparks. heat or sparks.

Fire WatchFire Watch

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Hot work may include, but is not limited to, welding, cutting, brazing, drilling, grinding, heating, soldering, thawing pipe, torching, and welding. The hot work permitting process is designed to eliminate this potential ignition source for fires and explosions by establishing specific steps to be followed whenever hot work operations are to be performed.

Smoking Control Smoking Control

Smoking is allowed only in certain areas. Smoking is allowed only in certain areas.

Smoking is prohibited in all NEW Organics Smoking is prohibited in all NEW Organics plant locations. plant locations.

It is important that all employees realize It is important that all employees realize the importance of not smoking in any the importance of not smoking in any areas around the production process.areas around the production process.

Certain job sites may not allow smokingCertain job sites may not allow smoking

Exit DoorsExit Doors

All doors should swing out with the exit All doors should swing out with the exit travel. travel.

On stairwells and other exits, doors should On stairwells and other exits, doors should be used to protect the route from smoke be used to protect the route from smoke and fire during an emergency. and fire during an emergency.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

All exit doors in schools, plants cafeterias, and assembly halls having a seating capacity of more than 500 persons should be equipped with panic hardware and should meet the recognized standard requirements.

Exit Routes Exit Routes

Exit routes should be kept free from obstruction Exit routes should be kept free from obstruction and constructed of noncombustible materials. and constructed of noncombustible materials.

The travel distance to exit requirements depends The travel distance to exit requirements depends upon the occupancy hazard classification listed upon the occupancy hazard classification listed below:below:

In a High Hazard industry a person must be within 75 In a High Hazard industry a person must be within 75 feet of an exit.feet of an exit.

In an Ordinary Hazard industry with no sprinklers, a In an Ordinary Hazard industry with no sprinklers, a person must be within 200 feet of an exit.person must be within 200 feet of an exit.

In an Ordinary Hazard industry with sprinklers, a In an Ordinary Hazard industry with sprinklers, a person must be within person must be within 250 250 feet of an exit feet of an exit

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The High Hazard classification is based on sprinklered buildings containing explosives, flammable gases or liquids, or subject to dust explosion or other hazards. Ordinary Hazard classification is for department stores, machine shops, woodworking shops, sheet metal shops, etc. All exit routes should be well lit at all times and in emergencies. The light should be provided, if possible, by battery powered emergency lighting or other means, in accordance with the recognized standard 29 CFR 1910.37 (q)(6).

Exit Signs Exit Signs

All exit routes and other escapes should All exit routes and other escapes should be readily accessible and so arranged that be readily accessible and so arranged that the path of escape is well indicated. the path of escape is well indicated.

Signs showing the direction of travel to Signs showing the direction of travel to exits should be conspicuously posted. exits should be conspicuously posted.

Lighted exit signs should be clearly visible Lighted exit signs should be clearly visible at all times and they should be regularly at all times and they should be regularly inspected. inspected.

Fire Exit Drills Fire Exit Drills

Proper fire drills insure controlled exiting Proper fire drills insure controlled exiting of people and prevent panic. of people and prevent panic.

They should be held regularly as a test for They should be held regularly as a test for evacuation. evacuation.

Order and control are the primary Order and control are the primary purposes, with speed of evacuation purposes, with speed of evacuation secondary. secondary.

Alarms/Signs Alarms/Signs

Sprinkler systems with more than 20 sprinklers Sprinkler systems with more than 20 sprinklers must be provided with alarms.must be provided with alarms.

The facility must ensure that the fire detection The facility must ensure that the fire detection system and its components are in proper system and its components are in proper working condition after each test or alarm. working condition after each test or alarm.

Fire detectors and detection systems must be Fire detectors and detection systems must be tested and adjusted as often as needed to tested and adjusted as often as needed to maintain proper reliability and operating maintain proper reliability and operating condition. condition.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Sprinkler systems with more than 20 sprinklers must be provided with alarms. Areas protected by a fixed system that uses extinguishing agents in concentrations known to be hazardous to employees must be adequate warnings provided to these employees if the system were to discharge. Signs with warnings of the nature of hazard must be posted. A pre-discharge alarm that gives employees time to safely exit must be provided with dry chemical systems if vision is obscured during discharge. The facility must ensure that the fire detection system and its components are in proper working condition after each test or alarm. Spare devices and components that are destroyed in the process of detecting fires must be available on the premises or from a local supplier for restoration of the system. Fire detectors and detection systems must be tested and adjusted as often as needed to maintain proper reliability and operating condition

Alarms/SignsAlarms/Signs

Pneumatic and hydraulicPneumatic and hydraulic--operated operated detection systems must be equipped with detection systems must be equipped with supervised systems. supervised systems.

A trained person knowledgeable in the A trained person knowledgeable in the operations and functions of that system operations and functions of that system must perform all inspection and must perform all inspection and maintenance. maintenance.


All fire detectors must be cleaned of dirt, All fire detectors must be cleaned of dirt, dust, or other matter on a regular basis in dust, or other matter on a regular basis in order to be fully operational.order to be fully operational.

Alarm system must be seen and heard Alarm system must be seen and heard above ambient noise and light levels, and above ambient noise and light levels, and must be distinctive and recognizable as a must be distinctive and recognizable as a signal to evacuate.signal to evacuate.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

All fire detectors must be cleaned of dirt, dust, or other matter on a regular basis in order to be fully operational. The Employee Emergency Alarm system must be seen and heard above ambient noise and light levels, and must be distinctive and recognizable as a signal to evacuate. The alarm system must provide warning for necessary emergency action as called for in the emergency action plan, or for reaction time for safe escape of employees. Employees must be trained in the means of reporting or responding to emergencies and if there must be established procedures for reporting emergencies and sounding emergency alarms.


Emergency telephone numbers must be Emergency telephone numbers must be posted near telephones that would be posted near telephones that would be used to report emergencies. used to report emergencies.

The facility must ensure that employee The facility must ensure that employee alarm systems are restored to normal alarm systems are restored to normal operating condition as soon as possible operating condition as soon as possible after each test or alarm. after each test or alarm.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Emergency telephone numbers must be posted near telephones that would be used to report emergencies. The facility must ensure that employee alarm systems are restored to normal operating condition as soon as possible after each test or alarm. The spare alarm devices and components subject to wear or destruction must be available in sufficient quantities and locations for prompt restoration of the system. The reliability of the adequacy of non-supervised employee alarm system must be tested every 2 months. Employee alarm systems must be maintained in proper operating condition. Backup alarms must be provided whenever an alarm system is taken out of service Power supplies must be replaced as often as is necessary to assure a fully operational condition. All supervised systems must be inspected at least annually for reliability and adequacy. The individual responsible for servicing alarm systems must be trained and qualified

TrainingTraining

As part of our Fire Prevention Plan, As part of our Fire Prevention Plan, employees are provided documented employees are provided documented training under the following training under the following circumstances:circumstances:

At the time of initial assignment, and At the time of initial assignment, and annually thereafter; whenever new fire annually thereafter; whenever new fire hazards are introduced into their work area; hazards are introduced into their work area; and for any existing fire hazard when and for any existing fire hazard when transferred to new work areas.transferred to new work areas.

TrainingTraining

Training topics include:Training topics include:

Potential fire hazards in their work area and Potential fire hazards in their work area and the proper storage and handling procedures,the proper storage and handling procedures,

general housekeeping procedures associated general housekeeping procedures associated with fire prevention, andwith fire prevention, and

any specific housekeeping procedures for any specific housekeeping procedures for highly combustible or flammable materials in highly combustible or flammable materials in their work area.their work area.

TrainingTraining

Employees must be apprised of the fire Employees must be apprised of the fire hazards of the materials and processes to hazards of the materials and processes to which they are exposed. which they are exposed.

Employees expected to use portable fire Employees expected to use portable fire extinguishers must be properly trained. extinguishers must be properly trained.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Employees must be apprised of the fire hazards of the materials and processes to which they are exposed and the employer must review with each employee upon initial assignment those parts of the fire prevention plan which the employee must know to protect the employee in the event of an emergency. Employees expected to use portable fire extinguishers must be properly trained in the use of fire extinguishers including annual refresher training. Note: Employee training is required for employees designated to inspect, maintain, or repair fixed extinguishing systems. (29 CFR 1910.160(b)(10)) The level of training provided to employees responsible for inspecting, maintaining, or repairing fixed extinguishing systems must be adequate.

Fire Extinguishers Fire Extinguishers

Portable fire extinguishers must be properly Portable fire extinguishers must be properly mounted and identified. mounted and identified.

Only approved portable fire extinguishers must Only approved portable fire extinguishers must be used, and must be mounted and identified be used, and must be mounted and identified so they can be readily located without injury. so they can be readily located without injury.

All portable fire extinguishers must be All portable fire extinguishers must be maintained in a fully charged and operable maintained in a fully charged and operable condition, and kept in their designated places condition, and kept in their designated places expect during use.expect during use.

Fire ExtinguishersFire Extinguishers

Portable fire extinguishers must be Portable fire extinguishers must be appropriately selected and distributed in appropriately selected and distributed in the workplace. the workplace.

Portable fire extinguishers must be Portable fire extinguishers must be selected and distributed based on the selected and distributed based on the class of fire and degree anticipated in the class of fire and degree anticipated in the work area. work area.


Extinguishers for Class A and D fires Extinguishers for Class A and D fires must be located within a travel distance must be located within a travel distance of 75 ft or less of the hazard. (Class D of 75 ft or less of the hazard. (Class D extinguishers are required in those extinguishers are required in those combustible metal working areas where combustible metal working areas where combustible metal powders, flakes, combustible metal powders, flakes, shavings, or similarly sized products are shavings, or similarly sized products are generated at least once every 2 weeks.)generated at least once every 2 weeks.)


The travel distance from a Class B hazard The travel distance from a Class B hazard area to a Class B extinguisher must be area to a Class B extinguisher must be 50 ft. or less.50 ft. or less.

Extinguishers for Class C hazards must be Extinguishers for Class C hazards must be distributed on the basis of the appropriate distributed on the basis of the appropriate pattern for existing Class A or Class B pattern for existing Class A or Class B hazards. hazards.

The Fire TriangleThe Fire Triangle

Fire Safety, at its most basic, is based upon the Fire Safety, at its most basic, is based upon the principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition sources separate.sources separate.

The Fire TriangleThe Fire Triangle

1.1. EnoughEnough OXYGENOXYGEN to sustain combustionto sustain combustion

2.2. EnoughEnough HEATHEAT to reach ignition temperatureto reach ignition temperature

3.3. SomeSome FUELFUEL or combustible materialor combustible material

Together, they produce theTogether, they produce the CHEMICALCHEMICAL REACTION REACTION that is firethat is fire

Three things must be present at the same time to produce fire:

Take away any of these things and Take away any of these things and the fire will be extinguishedthe fire will be extinguished

Fuel ClassificationsFuel Classifications

Fires are classified according to the type of Fires are classified according to the type of fuel that is burning.fuel that is burning.

If you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher If you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher on the wrong class of fire, you might make on the wrong class of fire, you might make matters worse.matters worse.

Its very important to understand the four Its very important to understand the four different fire (fuel) classificationsdifferent fire (fuel) classifications……


Class AClass A: Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics: Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics—— solids that are not metals.solids that are not metals.

Class BClass B: Flammable liquids: Flammable liquids——gasoline, oil, gasoline, oil, grease, acetone. Includes flammable gases.grease, acetone. Includes flammable gases.

Class CClass C: Electrical: Electrical——energized electrical energized electrical equipment. As long as itequipment. As long as it’’s s ““plugged in.plugged in.””

Class DClass D: Metals: Metals——potassium, sodium, aluminum, potassium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium. Requires Metalmagnesium. Requires Metal--X, foam, and other X, foam, and other special extinguishing agents. special extinguishing agents.


Most fire extinguishers will have a pictograph label Most fire extinguishers will have a pictograph label telling you which types of fire the extinguisher is telling you which types of fire the extinguisher is designed to fight.designed to fight.

For example, a simple water extinguisher might have For example, a simple water extinguisher might have a label like thisa label like this……

…which means it should only be used on Class A fires.

How to Use a Fire How to Use a Fire ExtinguisherExtinguisher

ItIt’’s easy to remember how to use a fire s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you remember the acronym extinguisher if you remember the acronym PASSPASS::

PPull

AAim

SSqueeze

SSweep


PPull the pinull the pin……

This will allow This will allow you to you to discharge the discharge the extinguisherextinguisher


AAim at the base of the fireim at the base of the fire……

Hit the fuel.Hit the fuel.If you aim at If you aim at the flames...the flames...

… the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good.


SSqueeze the top handlequeeze the top handle……

This depresses a This depresses a button that button that releases the releases the pressurized pressurized extinguishing extinguishing agent. agent.


SSweep from side to sideweep from side to side……

.. until the fire is .. until the fire is completely out. completely out.

Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then slowly move forward.

Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it re-ignites.

Rules for Fighting FiresRules for Fighting FiresFires can be very dangerous and you should always be certain Fires can be very dangerous and you should always be certain that you will not endanger yourself or others when attempting that you will not endanger yourself or others when attempting to put out a fire. to put out a fire.

For this reason, when a fire is discoveredFor this reason, when a fire is discovered……

1. Assist any person in immediate danger to safety, if it can be accomplished without risk to yourself.

2. Call 911 or activate the building fire alarm. The fire alarm will notify the fire department and other building occupants and shut off the air handling system to prevent the spread of smoke.

If the fire is small (and Only after having done these 2 things), you may attempt to use an extinguisher to put it out. However . . . .However . . . .

Rules for Fighting FiresRules for Fighting Fires. . . before deciding to fight the fire, keep these . . . before deciding to fight the fire, keep these things in mind:things in mind:

1. Know what is burning. If you don’t know what’s burning, you won’t know what kind of extinguisher to use.

2. Even if you have an ABC fire extinguisher, there may be something in the fire that is going to explode or produce toxic fumes.

Chances are you will know what’s burning, or at least have a pretty good idea, but if you don’t, let the fire department handle it.

Rules for Fighting FiresRules for Fighting Fires. . . before deciding to fight the fire, keep these . . . before deciding to fight the fire, keep these things in mind:things in mind:

3. Is the fire spreading rapidly beyond the point where it started? The time to use an extinguisher is at the beginning stages of the fire.

4. If the fire is already spreading quickly, it is best to simply evacuate the building.

As you evacuate a building, close doors and windows behind you as you leave. This will help to slow the spread of smoke and fire.

Rules for Fighting FiresRules for Fighting FiresDo not fight the fire if:Do not fight the fire if:

You don’t have adequate or appropriate equipment. If you don’t have the correct type or large enough extinguisher, it is best not to try fighting the fire.

You might inhale toxic smoke. When synthetic materials such as the nylon in carpeting or foam padding in a sofa burn, they can produce hydrogen cyanide, acrolein, and ammonia in addition to carbon monoxide. These gases can be fatal in very small amounts.

Your instincts tell you not to. If you are uncomfortable with the situation for any reason, just let the fire department do their job.

Rules for Fighting FiresRules for Fighting FiresThe final rule is to always position yourself with an exit or means of escape at your back before you attempt to use an extinguisher to put out a fire.

In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something unexpected happens, you need to be able to get out quickly. You don’t want to become trapped.

Questions?Questions?

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