fire & life safety fundamentals

7/30/2019 Fire & Life Safety Fundamentals

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Functional Specialist Group

Fire & Life Safety

Fundamentals


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Functional Specialists Group

Creating value through knowledge

and innovationcollaboration

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Course Outline

Fire Hazards Awareness

Classification of Fire

Different Types of Fire Suppressions

Basic Fire Fighting

Fire DetectionPrevention/Fire Safety

Emergency Action Plan

At the end of this course youll be able to understand basic

fire safety and prevention .


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the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light

and (often) smoke; "fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries. Fire

occurs anytime when these four elements are present:

Fuelany combustible material solid, liquid or gas

Oxygen -The air we breathe is about 21 percent oxygen. fire only needs an

atmosphere with at least 16 percent oxygen.

Heat - Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to

a point where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur.

Chemical Reaction - means the burning process that takes place in order for

fire to burn continuously.

What is A Fire?


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Fuel, Oxygen, Heat & Chemical Reaction are collectively knownas Fire Tetrahedron or also known as the Four Aces of Fire.

Take any one of these elements and fire cannot occur

The Fire Triangle The Fire Tetrahedron (new term)


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Classes of Fire

wood

cloth paper

rubber

many plastics

gasoline

oil

grease

tar

oil-based

paint lacquer

flammablegases

energizedelectricalequipment

Electrical

Cables

magnesium

sodium

potassium

titanium

zirconiumother flammable metals


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Classes of Fire

Recently recognized by NFPA10.

Fires involving combustiblevegetable or animal non-saturated cooking fats incommercial cookingequipment.

CLASS K FIRES


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Fire SuppressionFire Extinguishers Anatomy

DISCHARGE LEVER

DISCHARGE HOSE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE

DISCHARGE ORIFICE

DATA PLATE

CARRYING

HANDLE

PRESSURE GAUGE(not found on CO2

extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LOCKING PINAND SEAL


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Fire Extinguisher Ratings

NUMERAL FIRE CLASS RANGE

DIRECT INDEX OF THE SIZEFIRE THE QUANTITY OF AGENT

CAN HANDLE1-A thru 40-A

A Trash Wood Paper

INDICATION OF THE SQUARE FOOTAREA OF FLAMMABLE LIQUID THE

EXTINGUISHER WILL HANDLE1-B thru 640-BB Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

NO NUMERAL IS USED BECAUSETHERE ARE NO DEGREES OF

SAFETY WHERE ELECTRICITY ISCONCERNED

N/A

NOT APPLICABLE BECAUSE OFTHE SPECIALIZED NATURE OF

THE BURNING MATERIAL

N/ACOMBUSTIBLE

K Cooking Media 1-A:C:K or 2-A:C:K

DIRECT INDEX OF THE SIZEFIRE THE QUANTITY OF AGENT

CAN HANDLE


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Fire Extinguishers Applications

FIRE CLASS EFFECTIVE EXTINGUISHER TYPES

PRESSURIZED WATER, MULTIPURPOSE DRYCHEMICAL, LARGER SIZE HALON, WET CHEMICAL

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE,HALON

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE,HALON, WET CHEMICAL

COMBUSTIBLE METALD

COMBUSTIBLE

B Liquids Grease

A Trash Wood Paper

K Cooking Media

WET CHEMICAL

FIRE CLASS EFFECTIVE EXTINGUISHER TYPES

PRESSURIZED WATER, MULTIPURPOSE DRYCHEMICAL, Halotron I, FE 36, WET CHEMICAL

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE,

FE 36, Halotron I

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE,FE 36, WET CHEMICAL, Halotron I

COMBUSTIBLE METALCOMBUSTIBLE

B Liquids Grease

A Trash Wood Paper

K Cooking Media

WET CHEMICAL

D


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Fire Extinguisher Type

CLass Model Discharge Metres (Feet) Discharge Time

ABC Dry Chemical Powder 5 lbs. 4 (15) 15.2 Seconds

BC CO2 15 lbs. 3 to 8 ft. 8 to 21 Seconds

BC CO2 20 -100Ibs 3 to 8 ft. 8 to 27 Seconds

ABC Type CO2 Type


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Fire Extinguisher Type

Class Model Weight Class Discharge (feet) Discharge Time

B C FE 36 10 to 20 Ibs 9 to 16 ft. 8 to 18 sec.

D MET-L-X , LITH X Dry Powder 30 Ibs 6 to 8 ft

K

R-102, Wet Chemical or potassium

based liquid 1.5 Gallons (pressurized) 10 to 12 ft. 40 sec.

Dry Powder w Nitrogen Wet Chemical


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Basic Fire Fighting

P......Pull the Pin.

A......Aim the extinguisher nozzle

at the base of the flames.

S......Squeeze trigger while holding

the extinguisher upright.

S......Sweep the extinguisher from

side to side, covering thearea

of the fire with the extinguishingagent.

F i l S i li G


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Maximum CeilingTemperature

Temperature RatingTable

6.2.5.1 NFPA13 2007 EditionTemperature

Classification Color Code (with

Fusible Link)Sprinkler Head Glass Bulb Color

100F / 38C 135-170F / 57-77C Ordinary Uncolored or Black Orange (135) or Red (155)

150F / 66C 175-225F / 79-107C Intermediate White Yellow (175) or Green (200)

225F / 107C 250-300F / 121-149C High Blue Blue

300F / 149C 325-375F / 163-191C Extra High Red Purple

375F / 191C 400-475F / 204-246C Very Extra High Green Black

Sprinkler Classification

Fire Suppression

F ti l S i li t G
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFPA


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Prevention/Fire Safety

Class A

Ordinary combustibles: Keep storage andworking areas free of trash, place oily rags in

covered containers.

Class B

Flammable liquids or gases: Don't refuel gasolinepowered equipment in a confined space,

especially in presence of an open flame such as a

furnace or water heater.Keep flammable liquids

stored in tightly closed containers. Use flammable

liquids only in well-ventilated areas.

F ti l S i li t G


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Prevention/Fires Safety

Class C

Electrical equipment: Look for old wiring, worn insulation andbroken electrical fittings. Report any hazardous condition to

your fire safety officer. Prevent ovens from overheating, avoid

leaving the pantry area while the oven is turned on. Maintain

your oven in good working order.

Note:

Don't misuse fuses. Never install a fuse rated higher than specified for the circuit.

Investigate any appliance or electrical equipment that smells strange. Unusual odors

can be the first sign of fire.

Don't overload wall outlets. Two outlets should have no more than two plugs.



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Prevention/Fires Safety

Class K Fires - Kitchen Fires : Normally caused by theaccumulated grease within the Kitchen Hood or burners.

or due overheated cooking oils. Ensure that Hoods &

cooking equipment are regularly cleaned, grease and used

oils should be kept in sealed container and must be disposed

properly.



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Emergency Action Plan

Have an Emergency action Plan in place within your work place.

Conduct regular training and drills to simulate evacuation in your flooror work place and know your Assembly area.

Keep record of your Fire safety equipment and maintain regularly

IMPORTANT! NEVER use elevators during Fire evacuation.

Unless otherwise advised or operated by qualified personnel.

Check your electrical wirings, panel boards regularly.

Ask a compliance certificate from the Building Admin that the

Fire Alarm system & Suppression are tested regularly.



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Exit Stairway

Several stairways are designedinto every multilevel building to

serve as a means of quick

evacuation to ground level. Some

stairs are exterior, others are

found inside of the building.

Interior stairwells have special

doors and ventilation features

which help to keep smoke from

entering the space.


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Thank you

fire & life safety fundamentals

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