Fire Insurance is coverage against loss by fire and/or lightning. It may include coverage against loss by windstorm or earthquake and other allied risks, when such risks are covered by extension to fire insurance policies or under separate policies.Allied PerilsRIOT and CIVIL COMMOTION.Damage by riot or civil commotion or caused maliciously by strikers or persons acting in connection with political organizations can be covered for a small premium in Great Britain; in Ireland such cover is not freely granted. "Riot" is a term which has been judicially defined, and, where the requisite elements are present, a person whose property is damaged may, on claiming within fourteen days of the damage, recover compensation from the local police authority. Damage of this kind has been negligible in this country for many years, though the position is very different in more turbulent territories abroad. War damage is never covered by insurers under fire policies. For a situation to be classified as a riot five elements have to be shown, that is -there must be three people present -there be a common purpose lawful or unlawful-there must be execution, or inception, of the common purpose-they must intend mutually to assist one another, by force if necessary, in the execution of the common purpose-there must be force of violence displayed in such a manner as to alarm at least one person of reasonable firmness and courage.Where the riot peril is in force the circumstance in which it applies become slightly reduced but some damage which may have previously been recoverable as riot may fall under another peril such as a fire, explosion, thus making the cover slightly wider.ExplosionExplosion is, briefly, the sudden release of pent-up pressure with the force of concussion. The standard fire policy includes fire resulting from explosion, and the explosion of domestic boilers or of gas used for lighting or heating the building. Damage caused by the bursting of boilers and steam pressure vessels normallyforms the subject of an engineering insurance, as boilers require not only insurance but periodical inspection to ensure that they are and remain safe. For certain types of property such as offices, churches, schools, and municipal buildings, explosion cover is normally obtainable free of charge. For industrial risks, an extra premium is, as a rule, payable.

AIRCRAFT and ARTICLES DROPPED THERE FROM. Damage by fire caused by aircraft or articles dropped there from is covered by the standard fire policy, but a great deal of damage may be caused by the fall of an aircraft without the intervention of fire. Insurance can be obtained against such damage, and the insurance will include damage that can be shown to be directly attributable to sonic booms where an aircraft breaks the sound barrier.The standard fire cover covers fire whether proximately caused by an aircraft crash or not, and therefore the aircraft crash or not, and therefore the aircraft extension is concerned solely with damage other than by fire.

STORM, TEMPEST, and FLOOD. The word storm is used in its everyday sense and denotes some form of atmospheric disturbance. It is the abnormal conditions where the word storm is appropriate. Storm and tempest insurance is easily obtainable; flood insurance less easily. The risk of damage to a building by storm and tempest does not differ enormously from one building to another in this country, whereas flood insurance is likely to be sought only by proposers whose property, from its situation, is in jeopardy.

Impact damage. Another special peril is that of damage to property by impact with the vehicles, horses, and cattle of a third party. The premium is low, as it is often (though not always) possible for the insurers to recover the cost of such damage from the negligent third party.

ARCHITECTS, SURVEYORS AND CONSULTING ENGINEER'S FEE (up to 3% of the claim amount) "It is hereby declared and understood that the expenses incurred towards Architects, Surveyors and Consulting Engineers fees for plans, specification tenders, quantities and services in connection with the superintendence of the reinstatement for the Building, machinery, Accessories and equipment insured under this policy is covered upto 3% of the adjusted loss, but it is understood that this does not include any costs in connection with the preparation of the Insured's claim or estimate of loss in the event of damage by insured perils".

ARCHITECTS, SURVEYORS AND CONSULTING ENGINEER'S FEES (in excess of 3% of the claim amount) It is hereby declared and understood that the expenses incurred towards Architects, Surveyors and Consulting Engineers fees for plans, specification tenders, quantities and services in connection with the superintendence of the reinstatement for the Building, Machinery, Accessories and equipment insured under this Policy up to 7.5% of the adjusted lossis covered, but it is understood that this does not include any cost in connection with the preparation of the Insured's claim or estimate of loss in the event of damage by the insured perils. LOCAL AUTHORITIES CLAUSE (Applicable only with insurances on Reinstatement Value) 2.44.1 The insurance by this Policy extends to include such additional cost of reinstatement of the destroyed or damaged property hereby insured as may be incurred solely by reason of the necessity to comply with the Building or other Regulations under or framed in pursuance of any act of Parliament or withBye-laws of any Municipal or Local authority provided that: 2.44.1.1 The amount recoverable under this extension shall not include : a) in respect of destruction or damage occurring prior to the granting of this extension in respect of destruction or damage not insured by the Policy under which notice has been served upon the Insured prior to the happening of the destruction of damage, in respect of undamaged property or undamaged portions of property other than foundations (unless foundations are specifically excluded from the insurance by this Policy) of that portion of the property destroyed or damaged, the cost incurred in complying with any of the aforesaid Regulations or Bye-laws