Fire Hoses, Nozzles, Portable lighting, appliances, and

ladders.

Sizes of Hoses• Fire hoses range in size from 1” to 6” in diameter

a. small diameter hose – 1” to 2”1. used in small outdoor firesb. medium diameter hose – 2 ½ “ to 3”1. used to attack larger firesc. large diameter hose – 3 ½ or more

Types of Hoses

• Booster hose – type of attack hose usually carried on a hose reel holding 150’ or 200’ of rubber hose; limited to small outdoor fires

• Forestry lines- type of attack hose small in diameter, often used for fighting wildland and ground fires; sometimes extended for hundreds of feet

• Soft suction hose- type of supply hose that is a short section of large diameter hose; used to connect fire department engine directly to the large streamer outlet on a hydrant

• Hard suction hose- special type of supply hose; drafts water from a static source such as a river, lake or portable drafting basin

Functions of Fire Hoses

• Hoses are used for two main purposesa. used to discharge water from an attack engine onto the fireb. used to deliver water to a fire department connection that supplies a standpipe or sprinkler system inside a building

Uses of Hoses• designed to be used as either an attack or supply hose a. attack hose – withstands higher pressures when subjected to sharp surfaces, abrasions and other potentially damaging conditions b. supply hose – constructed to operate at lower pressures and in less severe operating conditions, but must still be durable and resist- ant to external damage

Explaining The Uses

Nozzles, Hose Adapters, Hose Appliances

Uses of Nozzles

• Defines the pattern and form of the water discharged onto the fire

• Smooth bore or adjustable nozzles can both produce a fire stream

• Nozzle discharge patterns first major distinction is between a fog stream and a straight stream

Hoses

Adapters• Connects hose couplings of the

same diameter having dissimilar threads

• Connects threaded couplings to Storz-type couplings

• Double male and double female adaptors commonly used to perform a reverse hose lay

Appliances• The conjunction of any device

with a fire hose for the purpose of delivering water

• Wye, water thief, Siamese connection, double-male and female adaptors, reducers, hose clamps, hose jackets and hose rollers are all examples of hose appliances

Connecting A Fire Hose To A Hydrant1. Remove cap from outlet2. Look inside hydrant for any

objects that may have been thrown inside

3. Double check the remaining hydrant caps are snugly attached

4. Place hydrant wrench on the stem nut; check top of hydrant for the arrow indicating which direction to turn the nut to open the hydrant valve

5. Open the hydrant enough to determine there is a good flow of water and to flush any objects

6. Shut off the flow of water7. Attach the hose or valve to the

hydrant outlet

Analyzing Techniques

Coupling/Extending Fire Hoses

• One set or pair of connection devices attached to a fire hose allowing hose to be interconnected to additional lengths of hose

Demonstration

Procedures for Inspection and Maintenance of Fire Hoses, Coupling and Nozzling

• Common damage to hoses include mechanical causes, chemicals, heat, cold weather and mildew

• Nozzles inspected on regular basis, along with all of the department equipment

• Defective hoses must be marked; replace worn coupling gaskets

Procedures for Inspection and Maintenance of Fire Hoses, Coupling and Nozzling

• Possible debris inside nozzle will affect the performance reducing flow

• Any problems should be referred to a competent technician for repair

Illustrating Hydrant-To-Pumper Hose Connections

Uses For Portable Lighting

• When emergency incidents happen at night• Illuminates the scene, enabling safe, efficient

operations• Interior lighting essential due to heavy smoke

blocking out natural• Different types of lighting equipment are used for

different situations; spotlight projects a narrow concentrated beam of light and floodlights project a more diffuse light over a wide area

Identifying Ladder Components

Basic Ladder Components• Beams• Butt• Rail• Truss block• Rung• Tip

Extension Ladder Components• Pulley• Fly section• Bed section• Halyard• Dogs

Identifying Types of Ladders

Aerial• permanently mounted and

power-operated from piece of fire apparatus1. Vary in design and function2. Often referred to as straight- stick aerials3. has an elevated platform apparatus

Portable• designed to be removed

and used in other locations1. straight 2. roof3. extension4. bangor5. combination6. folding7. fresno8. pompier

Ladders

Importance of Ground Ladder Maintenance

• Must be visually inspected at least once a month and after each use

• Regular maintenance of keeping the ladder in proper operating condition

• Should be cleaned regularly to remove road grime and dirt build-up

• Service testing required periodically evaluating the continued usefulness of a ladder during its life

Procedures for Carrying, Positioning and Raising Ladders

• Full turnout clothing and protective equipment are essential for working

• Teamwork is essential• Must always use proper lifting techniques, coordinate all

movements• Fire fighter should survey area where ladder is going to be

used in case ladder is placed in potentially hazardous location• Rather than risking injury, it is better to ask for help especially

over uneven terrain, through gates or over snow and ice

Significance of Safety In Climbing Ladders

• Set at proper angle for maximum load capacity and safety, dogs must be locked and the halyard tied before anyone climbs to prevent from falls occuring

• To prevent slipping, another fire fighter should secure the base by footing the ladder

• Ladders should have ability to accommodate weight limit of 750 lbs or the equivalent to that of one person and two firefighters

Review

• What type of ladder exponent is a halyard?

• Name one importance of ground ladder maintenance?

• Name two different types of hoses used for fire fighting?

• Define coupling