fire fighting .pptx

7/25/2019 FIRE fighting .pptx

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FIRE


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Fire fighting on board ship can be defined in three

separate categories:

Fire protection, by design features

Fire Detection, using artificial systems or human

senses.

Fire suppression using a number of fixed or portable

systems.


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3

All fire fighting starts

with the idea of what

is needed for FIRE


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4

All fire fighting breaks the triangle

REMOVAL

Or

SO!!A"E

Red#$e

to less

than

1%&

O'(gen


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)

$lassifi$ations of Fires *lass A SOLI+S or *arbona$eo#s fires *lass , Li-#ids or LI./IFIA,LE solids

*LASS * "ases *LASS + Metals

*LASS E Ele$tri$al E-#i0ent

*lass F *ooking Oil or Fat


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FIRE +EE*IO

FIRE ALARM

FIRE FI"I"

FIRE !REVEIO

SA"ES OF FIRE I*I!IE SA"E

SMO/L+ERI" SA"E5soke started

FLAME SA"E5fast rea$tion

EA SA"E5large ao#nt of heat flae soke and

to'i$ gases

FIRE PROTECTION SCHEME


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Fire Detectors

1.Heat Detectors

2. Smoe Detectors

!. Flame Detectors

". Fire #as Detectors

$. %hermocouples


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Classification of Heat Detectors

1. Heat Detectors respond to the excess heat

generated in a fire E'0ansion of eated Material Melting of

eated Material

*hanges in Resistan$e of eated Material Fixed %emperature &hich operate at

predetermined temperature

2. 'ate of 'ise operate based on a specified

rate of temperature rise (degrees)min.*Alarswhen te0erat#re rises 12 to 1) degrees 0er

in#te


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4. Smoke Detectors

Smoe detectors respond

to the presence of

smoe

+hotoelectric smoe

detectors

oni-ation smoedetectors


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Classifications of Smoke Detectors

+hotoelectric smoe detectors


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VS 1 "


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!RO!ER LO*AIO OF

SMO6E +EE*ORS

VS 1!"

O#tsi$e Slee%in&

'reas

On Eac( )e*elof Ho#se

Dinin& +itc(en

Entr,)i*in& Room

-at(

-R-R

Master -e$room

Dinin&

Room

)i*in&

Room

-asement

-e$room

No. 1

-e$room

No. "Hall.a,

O O " O S O VS 1 /


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!RO!ER MO/I" OF SMO6E

+EE*ORS

VS 1!/

/ Feet01m

Hori2ontalDistancefrom Peak

Mo#nt on 3allat least4 inc(es01" mm

from ceilin&

No Closert(an

4 inc(es01" mm

FromSi$e 3all

-est inCenter ofCeilin&

Dea$ 'ir

S%ace

No more t(an1" inc(es

0/5 mmfrom ceilin&

-est )ocation'cce%ta6le )ocation


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Flame Detectors

Flame detectors respond to thepresence of a flame

highha-ard areas fuelloading platforms,

industrial process areas, hyperbaric

chambers, highceiling areas, andatmospheres in &hich explosions or /ery rapid

fires may occur. must not be bloced by ob0ects placed in front

of them. infraredtype detector, ho&e/er, has some

capability for detecting radiation reflected from

&alls.


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Fire5"as +ete$tor

Monitors *arbon +io'ide and *arbon

Mono'ide

More +is$riinating

+esigned for S0e$ifi$ Fires


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*obination

+ete$torsdesigned to respond from

either element, or from

the combined partial or

complete response of

both elements.+rinciples element

Fi'ed e078 Rate

of Rise

eat8Soke+ete$tor

Soke8Fire5gas

+ete$tor


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Placement of Fire Detectors n general, fire detectors are normally

placed on the ceiling or &ithin 12 of ceiling.

here possible the detectors should be

located throughout entire building.

3t least one detector per 42 s5.m of airconditioned space.

12m spacing in ordinary areas and 16m

spacing in corridors.

Distance from any &all or partition not more

than 7m,and in corridors not more than 4m.


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A#toati$ Alar S(stes

Monitored S(stes

*alls the Fire +e0artent #0on Alar


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A#'iliar( S(ste

hree ,asi$ (0es

17 Lo$al Energ( S(ste

27 Sh#nt S(ste

37 !arallel ele0hone S(ste


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Reote Station S(ste

*onne$ted to the Fire +e0artent

ele$o#ni$ations S(ste

/sed Mostl( in Vol#nteer Areas


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!ro0rietar( S(ste

/sed for Large *oer$ial9 Ind#strial

,#ildings9 igh Rises9 and "ro#0s of

*oonl( Owned ,#ildings

Alwa(s Staffed


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*entral Station S(ste

M#$h like !ro0rietar( s(ste9 e'$e0t

re$ei:ing 0oint is not on the 0reises


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A#'iliar( Ser:i$es

Sh#tting down or altering airflow in air

:ents for soke $ontrol

*losing soke or fire5rated doors and

da0ers

O:erriding ele:ator $ontrols


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3

he $hoi$e of dete$tor head to be fitted in thealar $ir$#it will de0end on a n#ber of fa$tors;

17 Fire risk

27 !osition

37 Area to be onitored47 Vol#e of s0a$e

)7 eight of $o0artent

7 Atos0here in s0a$e

+ifferent t(0es of dete$tor head are #sed on

$oon bases7

FIRE DETECTION


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3 MA?@ +ISA*EA!AR

+istan$e

Fro

,#lkhead

EA 37m2 47)

SMO6E 74m2 11 )7)

FIRE DETECTION


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3

Soke and heat

dete$tors #st

also be sited to

a:oid

stratifi$ation; that

is the dete$tor

#st not be

blanketed b(

la(ers of hot air7

FIRE DETECTION


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4%

In this $ase9 the

in$reasing

$on:e$tion air

$#rrents ha:e$reated a flow

of $ob#stion

0rod#$ts a$ross

the dete$tors7

FIRE DETECTION


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41

As shown9

dete$tor heads

#st be

0ositioned to

allow eas(0assage of

$ob#stion

0rod#$ts in all

fire s$enarios

FIRE DETECTION


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42

SMO6E +EE*IO; +EFLE*IO OF LI"5 B"OC

FIRE DETECTION


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43

ORMAL *O+IIO BO5"OC

FIRE DETECTION


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44

FIRE *O+IIO BO5"OC

FIRE DETECTION


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4)

FIRE FI7HTIN7 S8STEMS

*#rrentl(9 the $lassifi$ations of Fires are as follows*lass A SOLI+S or *arbona$eo#s fires

*lass , Li-#ids or LI./IFIA,LE solids

*LASS * "ases

*LASS + Metals

*LASS E Ele$tri$al E-#i0ent

*lass F *ooking Oil or Fat


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4

All fire fighting s(stes are #sed to either;

Reo:e eat

Reo:e O'(gen

Reo:e f#el

or

*AI,REA65sto0 the $hei$al rea$tion

FIRE FI7HTIN7 S8STEMS


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4A!@

27 *arbon +io'ide >*O2@

37 +r( *hei$al >A,*9 ,*9 +*@


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17 ater >A!@ Fire E'ting#ishers

Oklahoma StateUniversit

(0es of Fire E'ting#ishers

Large sil:er fire

e'ting#ishers that stand

abo#t 2 feet tall and weigh

abo#t 2) 0o#nds when f#ll7

A! stands for

BAir5!ress#riGed ater7C

Filled with ordinar( ta0

water and 0ress#riGed air9the( are essentiall( large

s-#irt g#ns7


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A!s e'ting#ish

fire b( taking

awa( the BheatC

eleent of the

Fire riangle7


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17ater >A!@ Fire E'ting#ishers



A!s are designed for *lass A fires only;

ood9 0a0er9 $loth7

/sing water on a flaable li-#id fire $o#ld $a#se

the fire to s0read7

/sing water on an ele$tri$al fire in$reases the risk of

ele$tro$#tion7 If (o# ha:e no $hoi$e b#t to #se anA! on an ele$tri$al fire9 ake s#re the ele$tri$al

e-#i0ent is #n50l#gged or de5energiGed7


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3+s &ill be found in older buildings, particularly in public

hall&ays.

%hey &ill also be found in computerlaboratories. t is important to remember,

ho&e/er, that computer e5uipment must

be disconnected from its electrical source

before using a &ater extinguisher on it.


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27 *arbon +io'ide Fire E'ting#ishers



C2cylinders are red. %hey range in si-e from $ lbs to 199 lbs orlarger. Cn larger si-es, the horn &ill be at the end of a long,

flexible hose.

he 0ress#re in

a *O2e'ting#isher is

so great9 bits ofdr( i$e a(

shoot o#t of the

horn


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*O2is :er( $old as it $oes o#t of the e'ting#isher9 so it

$ools the f#el as well7

*arbon dio'ide is a

non5flaable gas

that takes awa( the

o'(gen eleent of

the fire triangle7

itho#t o'(gen9

there is no fire7


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*lass A aterials a( also solder and

re5ignite7

A *O2a( be ineffe$ti:e in

e'ting#ishing a *lass A fire be$a#se it

a( not be able to dis0la$e eno#gho'(gen to s#$$essf#ll( 0#t the fire

o#t7


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37+r( *hei$al >A,*@ Fire E'ting#ishers



he 0owder also works to interr#0t the $hei$al rea$tion

of fire7 hese e'ting#ishers are :er( effe$ti:e at 0#tting

o#t fire7

+r( $hei$al

e'ting#ishers 0#t

o#t fire b( $oating

the f#el with a thinla(er of d#st7 his

se0arates the f#el

fro the o'(gen in

the air7


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37 +r( *hei$al >A,*@ Fire E'ting#ishers



BA,*C fire e'ting#ishers are filled with a fine9 (ellow

0owder7 he greatest 0ortion of this 0owder is $o0osed ofonoaoni# 0hos0hate7 he e'ting#ishers are

0ress#riGed with nitrogen7

A,* e'ting#ishers

are red7 On

$a0#s9 the(range in siGe

fro ) to 2% lbs7


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Ko# a( see the labeled;

+* >for B+r( *hei$alC@ A,* >$an be #sed on *lass A9 ,9 or * fires@ ,* >designed for #se on *lass , and * fires@

+r( $hei$al

e'ting#ishers $oe ina :ariet( of t(0esJ


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An BA,*C e'ting#isher will ha:e a labellike this9 indi$ating it a( be #sed on

*lass A9 , and * fires7

It is e'treel( i0ortant to identif( whi$h t(0es of dr(

$hei$al e'ting#ishers are lo$ated in (o#r area

Ko# dont want to istakenl( #se a B,*C e'ting#isher on a

*lassAfire thinking that it was an BA,*C e'ting#isher7


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+r( $hei$al e'ting#ishers with

0owder designed for *lass , and * fires

>B,*C e'ting#ishers@ a( be lo$ated in

0la$es s#$h as $oer$ial kit$hensand areas with flaable li-#ids7

Ko# will t(0i$all( find A,*s in 0#bli$ hallwa(s of new

b#ildings9 in laboratories9 break roos9 offi$es9 $hei$al

storage areas9 e$hani$al roos9 :ehi$les9 et$7

fire fighting .pptx

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