fire fighting and suppression system

8/11/2019 Fire Fighting and Suppression System

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Lecture Part 11

Fire Protection System Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

Fire Protection System:

Standpipes – emergency fire hose connections to give firemen immediate access to an adequatesupply of water in case of a fire.Dry Standpipe – is a fire line system without a constant water supply and is equipped with a fire

service inlet and outlet connection, and installed exclusively for the use of the fire service.Wet Standpipe – is an auxiliary fire line system with a constant water supply installed primarily foremergency fire use by the occupants of the building.Combination Standpipe – It is a fire lie system with a constant water supply and installed for the use ofthe fire service and the occupants of the building.Automatic Sprinkler System – are integrated fire suppression systems consisting of a water supply, anetwork of pipes, sprinkler heads and other components to provide automatic fire suppression in areasof a building where the temperature or smoke has reached a predetermined level.Fire Service – It is an organization or a component of the Philippine National Bureau of Fire Protectionin charge with the mission of fire prevention and fire protection.Fire Department House Connection – It is a hose connection of grade or street level for use by the FireService only. It is also known as Fire Service Connection .

Dry Standpipes:Location:

1. There shall be one dry standpipe outlet connection located at every floor level landing abovethe first floor of every required enclosed stairway or smoke-proofed enclosure.

2. No point within building requiring dry standpipes shall be more than 40 m travel distance froma dry standpipe outlet connection.Piping:

1. All horizontal runs of dry standpipe system shall have a 20% slope for the purpose ofdraining.Size:

1. The size of the standpipe shall not be less than 102 mm (4”) in buildings in which the highestoutlet is 23 m or less above the Fire Service Connection.

2. The size of the standpipe shall not be less than 153 mm (6”) in buildings where the highestoutlet is higher than 23 m above the Fire Service Connection.Fire Service Connection:

1. All 102 mm dry standpipe shall be equipped with a 4-way Fire Service Connection .2. All Fire Service Connections shall be located on a street front, not less than 460 mm or more

than 1220 mm above grade and shall be equipped with an approved straight way check valve

and substantial plugs or plugs.Outlets:

1. Each standpipe shall be equipped with an approved 64 mm outlet at a height of not lessthan 610 mm nor more than 1220 mm above the floor level of each storey.

2. All dry standpipes shall be equipped with a two-way 64 mm outlet above the roof line ofthe building when the roof has a slope of less than 34%. Sign:



Lecture Part 11


1. An approved durable sign with raised letters of at least 25 mm in height, shall bepermanently attached to all Fire Service Connections. Such signs sh all read “ DryStandpipe”

Wet Standpipes:Where required:

1. In assembly occupancies with an occupant load exceeding 1000.2. In educational, institutional hazardous storage, business and mercantile, industrial, and hotels andapartment occupancsies four or more stories in height.3. In hazardous storage, business and mercantile occupancies having a floor area exceeding 1860 m 2 per floor.4. In theaters, auditoriums and other occupancies on each side of any stage, on each side of the rear ofthe auditorium and on each side of the lavatory.Exceptions:

1. Wet standpipes are not required in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic firesuppression system.

2. Wet standpipe shall not be required in basements or collars equipped with a completeautomatic fire suppression system.

3. Wet standpipe shall not be required but only encourage in assembly area used solely forworship.

Location:1. Wet standpipe shall not be located so that all portions of the building are within 6 meters of a

nozzle attached to a 22 meter hose.Automatic Fire Suppression System – an integrated system of underground or overhead piping or bothconnected to a source of extinguishing agent when actuated by its automatic detecting device.Fire Alerting System – it is activated by the presence of fire then a signal is transmitted to designatedlocations.

Sprinkler System – means a system of piping designed in accordance with fire protection engineeringstandards and installed to control or extinguish fires.Classification of Sprinkler System:1. Wet Pipe Sprinkler System – a sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a

piping system containing water and connected to a water supply so that water dischargeimmediately from sprinklers opened by heat from a fire.

2. Dry Pipe Sprinkler System - a sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attachedto a piping system containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the release of which (as from theopening of a sprinkler) permits the water pressure to open a valve known as a dry pipe valve, andthe water then flows into the piping system and out the opened sprinklers.

3. Pre-action Sprinkler System - a sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attachedto a piping system that contains air that might or might not be under pressure, with asupplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers.

4. Deluge Sprinkler System - a sprinkler system employing open sprinklers that are attached to apiping system that is connected to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operationof detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers.

5. Gridded Sprinkler System – a sprinkler system in which parallel cross mains are connected bymultiple branch lines. An operating sprinkler will receive water from both ends of its branch linewhile other branch lines help transfer water between cross mains.



Lecture Part 11


6. Looped Sprinkler System - a sprinkler system in which multiple cross mains are tied together so asto provide more than one path for water to flow to an operating sprinkler and branch lines are nottied together.Sprinkler Vent Method – Consisting a combination of an automatic or smoke detection system,automatic exhaust system and an automatic water curtain.

Spray nozzle method - consisting a combination of an automatic fire or smoke detection system, and asystem of high velocity water spray nozzle.Rolling Shutter Method - consisting of an automatic self-closing rolling shutter which completelyencloses the top of each escalator.Sprinkler Heads – these are transparent quartzoid bulb type that contains a colored liquid. At 135 °F,the bulb breaks and releases a water stream.Types of Sprinkler Heads:

1. Pendent – Projects through a finished ceiling when piping is concealed. 2. Upright – used above piping when piping is exposed.

Fire Extinguisher – a device that contains within it chemicals, fluids or gases for extinguishing fires, themeans for application of its contents for the purposes, and is capable of being readily move from placeto place.Types of Fire Extinguisher :

1. Water Fire Extinguishers (red) – the cheapest and most widely used fire extinguishers. Used forClass A fires not suitable for class B (liquid) fires, or where electricity is involved.

2. Foam Fire Extinguishers (cream) – more expensive than water but more versatile. Used forclasses A and B fires. Not recommended for fires involving electricity, but are safer than water ifhad inadvertently sprayed onto live electrical apparatus.

3. Dry Fire Extinguishers (blue) (Dry powder) – The multi-purpose extinguisher, as it can be used onclasses A, B and C fires. Best for running liquid fires (liquid B).Will efficiently extinguish Class C gasfires.

4. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers (black) – is ideal for fires involving electrical apparatus. Alsoextinguish class B liquid fires, but has no post fire security and the fire could re-ignite.



Lecture Part 11


Classification of Fire Extinguisher :1. Class A – Ordinary combustible(wood, cloth , paper) (Green Triangle)2. Class B –Flammable liquids, engine oil, gases and greases (Red Square)3. Class C – Energized electrical equipment ( Blue Circle)4. Class D – Combustible metals ( yellow star)

5.

Class K – Kitchen ( cooking oils and fats) (Black Decagon)

Number of Exits :

1.

Class A Place of Assembly (more than 1000 persons) – at least 4 separate exits2. Class B Place of Assembly (300 to 1000 persons) - at least 3 exits3. Class C Place of Assembly (50 to 300 persons) - at least 2 main exitsHazard – shall be the relative danger of the start and spread of fire, the generation of smoke orgasesClassification of Hazard:1. Low Hazard – those with low combustibility that no self-propagating fire.2. Ordinary Hazard – those which are liable to burn with moderate rapidity or to give off a

considerable volume of smoke, but from neither poisonous fumes nor explosions are to beexpected in the event of fire.

3. High Hazard – those which are liable to burn with extreme rapidity or from which poisonousgases or explosions are to be expected in the event of fire.

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