FIRE & EXPLOSION RISK ASSESSMENTRoslinormansyahEHS Manager PT. Alstom Power ESI

Outline of Lecture

1. Understanding Fire and Explosion

3. Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control

2. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazard

Understanding Fire and Explosion

Understanding Fire and Explosion

History of Fire and Explosion Incident

Carbide Industries, Fire & Explosion

March , 2011

Understanding Fire and Explosion

History of Fire and Explosion Incident

Kleen Energy, Explosion

June, 2009

Understanding Fire and Explosion

Definition

1.Fire : A slow combustion that significant without overpressure

2.Explosion : A release of energy that causes a blast

3.Flammability Limit : The minimum (lower,LFL) and maximum concentration of combustible vapor in air that will propagate a flame

(source : Guidelines CPQRA, AIChE, 2000)

Understanding Fire and Explosion

Basic Philosophy

Understanding Fire and Explosion

Philosophy of FERA

Flammability Limits range

Objective of FERA

Understanding Fire and Explosion

Flammability Limits (FL) = ƒ (suhu, tekanan, inert gas)

Flammability Limits (FL)

Understanding Fire and Explosion

Combusation = ƒ (FL, Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE), Surface Area)

Philosophy of Combustion

Understanding Fire and Explosion

Fire occurance step

1. Jet Fire2. Flash Fire3. Pool Fire4. Fireball

Understanding Fire and Explosion

Explosion occurance step

Explosion

Physical Explosion

Chemical Explosion

1. Overpressure2. BLEVE - Fireball3. RPT 4. UVCE/CVE

1. Runway reaction

Understanding Fire and Explosion

Physical Properties Key Factor of Flammable

1. Boiling Point2. Vapor Pressure3. Flash Point4. Autoignition5. Enthalphy of Combustion (ΔHc)6. MIE7. Density8. Conductivity of material9. Size of material

Understanding Fire and Explosion

Environmental Properties Key Factor of Fire /Explosion

1. Operational Parameter (Pressure, Flowrate, Temp, etc)

2. Lay-out of unit process/equipment

3. Installation (congested, confined, etc)

4. Source of heat (open fire, conductive heat, static electric, etc)

5. Meteorogical condition (Wind speed, direction, etc)

6. Leakage dimension (bore, rupture, hole, etc)

Understanding Fire and Explosion

Impact of Fire & Explosion

1. Breakage the molecular bond

2. Heat Flux / Heat Radition

3. Poisonous Gas

4. Blast Wave/Shock Wave

5. Debris trajectory/projectile

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazard

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Overall Risk Assessment Process

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Detail Risk Assessment Process

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards

Scenario Development

Screening Method

Credible Scenario

Potential Accident Scenario

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards

Scenario Development

– Merupakan “critical step” dalam FERA -Key word : Loss of Containment-Tool yang umum dipergunakan

What-If HAZOPs FMEA Incident Analysis Tie-Bow Analysis

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards

Credible Scenario

Merupakan scenario yang akan dianalisis lebih lanjut tingkat “consequences” dan “probability”-nya

Merupakan model yang memiliki tingkat “kemiripan” yang tinggi bila terjadi accident

Tidak menggambarkan secara keseluruhan (each system has particular credible scenario)

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Step 2 – Determination of frequency and consequences

Frequency

Menggambarkan tingkat “failure” setiap peralatan yang terlibat dalam Credible Scenario

Memiliki satuan (……../waktu)

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Step 2 – Determination of frequency and consequences

Frequency

Fault Tree Analysis

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Frequency

Event Tree Analysis

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsFrequency

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Consequences

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Consequences

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Explosion

TNT Method

TNO Method

BST Method

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Consequences

Impact Calculation of Explosion

TNT Method

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Explosion

TNO Method

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Explosion

BST Method

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Fire

Fire Ball Effect

Pool Fire Effect

Jet Fire Effect

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Fire

Fire Ball Effect

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Fire

Pool Fire Effect

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Fire

Jet Fire Effect

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Estimating the Risk Analysis

Explosion Frequency

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Estimating the Risk Analysis

Fire Ball Frequency

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Estimating the Risk Analysis

Pool Fire Frequency

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Estimating the Risk Analysis

Individual Risk Calculation

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Estimating the Risk Analysis

Societal Risk Calculation

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Risk Criteria

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards

Fire and Explosion Risk Assessment Result

Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control

Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control

Startegy Prevention and Mitigation

Prevention Barrier

Mitigation Barrier

Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control

Prevention Barrier

1. Inherently Safe Practice Principles Minimize: Reducing the amount of hazardous material present at

any one time Substitute: Replacing one material with another of less hazard Moderate: Reducing the strength of an effect Simplify: Designing out problems rather than adding additional

equipment or features to deal with them2. Engineering consideration

Hazardous Area Zone Classification (IEC/EN 60079, NFPA 479, API 500)

Heating Venting Air Circulation (HVAC) system Electric Static Discharge (ESD) system Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) Design Emergency Shut Down Valve (ESDV) System Lay-out facility (lokasi, jarak, dll) Mechanical Protection (Material, Coating, dll) Inerting System

Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control

Prevention Barrier

3. Operation Consideration Preventive Maintenance Program (inspeksi rutin, testing

peralatan, dll) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) (operating parameter

controlling, alarm system, dll) Housekeeping Kompetensi Personel Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Pengendalian Kerugian

(Manajemen resiko) Permit System Storage and handling management system Cooling system (Deluge water system, vessel cooling system,

dll) Accident Investigation and Lesson Learned Electrical Connection System (Lighting Protection,

Grounding, dll)

Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control

Mitigation Barrier

1. Engineering Consideration Hydrant & Sprinkle System Purging system (PSV, Rupture Disc, Flare System, dll) Dikes Network Water Curtain System CO2/Inert Gas Suppression System Blast-Wall

Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control

Mitigation Barrier

2. Operation Consideration Fire Extinghuisers (APAR) Foam system Emergency Response Plan (assembly area) Personal Protective Equipment (APD) Community Emergency Response

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