firdavs - terrestrial surveying1

8/11/2019 Firdavs - Terrestrial Surveying1

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TERRESTRIAL

SURVEYING

Department of «Geodesy andGeoinformatics» Tajik Agrarian

University

named after Sh. Shotemur

Firdavs Kukanov



• Objective

The purpose of this lesson is that such

a terrestrial surveying, how and why it is

held. Students need to know about the

type of terrestrial surveying, terrestrial

instruments used for surveying



Introduction

• Terrestrial surveying is also referred

to as field or ground-based surveying.

It can be defined as the art andscience of taking measurements on

or near the surface of the earth. Data

acquisition is based on the collectionof geospatial data.



Measurements

Measurements are collected using equipment at

ground level of obtain the position an object.

Terrestrial surveying techniques involve the

measurement of :

Distance

Angle Azimuth

Height



Equipment used

Electronic Distance Meter (EDM)

Theodolite

LevelingTotal station

GPS Receiver



Electronic Distance Meter (EDM)



• Theodolite - measuring instrument for determining

direction and measuring the horizontal and vertical

angles when surveying, topographic, and geodetic

surveying, construction. The main measure of labor

in the theodolite are the limbs of degree and minute

graduations

Theodolite



Theodolite



Leveling

•

Level (from Fr. Niveau - level, level) - a geodeticinstrument (Equipment) for the leveling, that is,

determining the difference in elevation between the

several points of the earth's surface relative to the

conventional level ie the definition of excess.



Level



Total station

•

A total station is an electronic/optical instrumentused in modern surveying. The total station is an

electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an

electronic distance meter (EDM) to read slope

distances from the instrument to a particularpoint.[1]

• Robotic total stations allow the operator to

control the instrument from a distance via

remote control. This eliminates the need for an

assistant staff member as the operator holds the

reflector and controls the total station from the

observed point.



• Total station



GPS• - the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite

navigation system that provides location and time informationin all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there isan unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. Itis maintained by the United States government and is freelyaccessible to anyone with a GPS receiver.

• The GPS program provides critical capabilities to military, civil

and commercial users around the world. In addition, GPS isthe backbone for modernizing the global air traffic system.

• The GPS project was developed in 1973 to overcome thelimitations of previous navigation systems,[1] integrating ideasfrom several predecessors, including a number of classified

engineering design studies from the 1960s. GPS was createdand realized by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) andwas originally run with 24 satellites. It became fullyoperational in 1994



GPS Receiver



•Student task

• Topic; to measure the dictance using EDM

task: Define an azimuth and elevation varios

Tools: EDM, theodolite, level.

firdavs - terrestrial surveying1

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