fiqh (basics).txt

8/12/2019 fiqh (basics).txt

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The Basics of FIQof FIQH

Prepared by:

Mohamed Baianonie

(Imam of the Islamic Center of Raleigh, NC)

CONTENTS

Pages

1. What are Physically Impure Things?2First:Confirmed Impurities (agreed upon by all 3scholars)

Second: Controversial Impurities with the Stronger 4Opinion being Impure

Third:Controversial Impurities with the Stronger 5Opinion being Pure

2. How to Purify Things?83. Sunan Al-Fitrah114. Going To The Bathroom14


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What are Physically Impure Things? e Things?

They can be placed in three different categories:

First:Confirmed Impurities (agreed upon by all scholars).

Second:Controversial Impurities with the Stronger Opinion being Impure.

Third:Controversial Impurities with the Stronger Opinion being Pure(because everything is pure unless clear-cut evidence statesotherwise).

Details to follow.

What are Physically Impure Things?

First: Confirmed Impurities (agreed upon by all scholars).

1. Human Urine.2. Human Excrement.

3. Wadi: Thick white secretion that might be discharged afterurination.4. Mathi: a white sticky (Prostatic) fluid (other than sperm orsemen).5. Menstrual Blood.6. Defecation and Urine of animals whose meat is not permissibleto eat.7. Carcass of terrestrial animals (i.e. those which do not live inwater) that have running blood when cut or killed (which doesnot apply, for example, to insects).Second: Controversial Impurities with the Stronger Opinion being Impure.

1. Dogs Saliva.

2. Water remaining after the Beasts have drunk from it.Third: Controversial Impurities with the Stronger Opinion being Pure(because everything is pure unless clear-cut evidence statesotherwise).

1. Alcoholic Drinks.2. Sperm.3. Human Vomit.4. Blood of Human & Living Terrestrial Animals.5. The Body of a Dead Person.6. Urine and Defecation of Animals Whose Meat is Permissible toEat.7. The Tanned Skin of a Dead Animal (Carcass).

8. Pork.2


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What are Physically Impure Things?

First: Confirmed Impurities (agreed upon by all scholars).

1. Human Urine: Based on an authentic Hadith1 reported by Imam Bukhari andMuslim that a Bedouin urinated in the Mosque (of the Prophet (S.A.W.)) andthe Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said: Leave him alone and do not makehim interrupt his urination.After the Bedouin ended his urination, the Prophet(S.A.W.) requested a bucket of water and poured it on the urine.2.Human Excrement: Based on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam AbuDaud that the Prophet (S.A.W.) said: If one of you steps on Al-Atha(excrement), dirt will purify his shoes.3.Wadi: Thick white secretion that might be discharged after urination. Basedon an authentic Hadith by Imam Abu Daud and Al-Baihaqi that Ibn Abbas inhis answer said: In regards to Wadi and Mathi, you should wash your privateparts then make Wudu (ablution) for prayer.4.Mathi: a white sticky (Prostatic) fluid (other than sperm or semen) that flows(secretes) from the sexual organs (male and female) because of thinkingabout sexual intercourse or foreplay that might not be noticed when it comesout, but is noticed on the clothes or the body. Based on an authentic Hadith

reported by Imam Bukhari and Muslim that the Prophet (S.A.W.) commandedAli to wash his private parts from Mathi then make Wudu (ablution) for prayer.5.Menstrual Blood: Based on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam Bukhariand Muslim that a woman asked the Prophet (S.A.W.) that if one of us(women) has menstrual bloods on her clothes what should she do? TheProphet (S.A.W.) answered that She should scrape the blood, rub it withwater, then wash that part of the clothing, and then she may pray in it.6.Defecation and Urine of animals whose meat is not permissible to eat:Based on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam Bukhari and others on theauthority of Abdullah Bin Massoud, it was related that the Prophet (S.A.W.)went to answer the call of nature. He asked me to bring him three stones. I

could not find three stones, so I found two stones and a donkeys defecation.He took the two stones and threw away the defecation, and said: It is Rijss(impure).

7.Carcass of terrestrial animals (i.e. those which do not live in water) thathave running blood when cut or killed (which does not apply, for1 (Plural: authentic Ahadith) The sayings, actions and approvals accurately narrated from the Prophet(S.A.W.).

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example, to insects): Based on an authentic Hadith reported by ImamMuslim and others the Prophet (S.A.W.) said: When the Ihab (skin of ananimal which died by itself or was not killed according to Islamic law) istanned, it becomes purified.Based on an authentic Hadith reported by ImamMuslim and others the Prophet (S.A.W.) said: When the Ihab (skin of ananimal which died by itself or was not killed according to Islamic law) istanned, it becomes purified.

However, Dead Sea animals are pure based on an authentic Hadithreported by Imam At-Tirmithi, An-Nasai and Abu Daud that the Prophet(S.A.W.) said about the sea that its water is purifying and its dead (animals)are permissible (to eat).

As for the insects that do not have running blood when cut or killed(example, flies or locusts), they are also pure based on an authentic Hadithreported by Imam Bukhari and others that the Prophet (S.A.W.) said, When afly falls in the drink of one of you, he should fully dip it and then throw it (thefly) away because there is disease in one of its wings and cure in the other.And also in a part of another authentic Hadith reported by Imam Ahmad andAl-Baihaqi that the Prophet (S.A.W.) said, Two types of dead animals have been made lawful for us, the two types of dead animals are locusts and

fish (sea animal)...

Second: Controversial Impurities with the Stronger Opinion being Impure.

1.Dogs Saliva: Based on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam Muslim thatthe prophet (S.A.W.) said: Tahour To purify (cleanse) the utensils belongingto one of you, if it has been licked by a dog, wash it seven times, using soilthe first time.The Prophets (S.A.W.) use of Tahour is evidence that thedogs saliva is Najiss (impure) because purifying is only needed when thingsare impure. This opinion is adopted by the Hanafi Madh-habs (School ofIslamic Law). The Shafee and Hanbali Madh-hab are of the opinion that theentire dog is Najiss (impure), not just its saliva. The Maliki Madh-hab

considers the entire dog Tahir (pure), and the cleansing of the utensils isneeded only to follow the commands of the Prophet (S.A.W.).2.Water remaining after the Beasts have drunk from it: Based on anauthentic Hadith reported by Imam Abu Daud, At-Tirmithi, An-Nasai and Al-Haakim that the Prophet (S.A.W.) replied to a person who asked him aboutthe purity of the water found in the open areas like ponds with the possibilityof beasts drinking from them. The prophet (S.A.W.) answered: If the quantityof the water is two Quillah (pots) or more, it does not carry any impurity.Thisproves that the leftover water of beasts is impure, because if it were pure theProphet (S.A.W.) would not have mentioned the minimum quantity of two potsor more as a condition for it to be pure. This opinion is adopted by the HanafiMadh-hab while the other three Madh-habs consider the remaining water

after the beasts have drunk from it as being pure with no minimum required.Imam An-Nawawi said that this opinion is based on three weak ahadith.4


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Third: Controversial Impurities with the Stronger Opinion being Pure (becauseeverything is pure unless clear-cut evidence states otherwise).Opinion being Pure (becauseeverything is pure unless clear-cut evidence states otherwise).

1.Alcoholic Drinks: It is considered impure by the four Madh-habs based on theverse of the Quran (Surah 5 (Al-Maidah), Verse 90) what can be translated asO you who believe! Surely Al-Khamer (alcoholic drinks), gambling, Al-Ansab2 ,and Al-Azlam3 are Rejss.They said that Rejss means Najiss, impure. Otherscholars adopted the opposite opinion, like the Tabee4 Rabeea Al-Raee andafter him Imam Al-Laith Ibn Saad and Ismail Bin Yahya Al-Muzni, also ImamAsh-Shawkani and As-Sanaani. These scholars interpret the word Rijss asMoral (Conceptual) Impurity.2.Sperm: Is impure according to the opinion of Hanafi and Maleki Madh-hab. Pureaccording to the Shafee and Hanbali Madh-hab and others, based on thesaying of Aeysha as reported by Imam Bukhari and Muslim: I used to scrape it(the sperm) off the garment of the Prophet (S.A.W.), and then he used toperform prayer with it.In another hadith reported by Imam Ad-Daraqatni,Bayhaqi and At-Tahawi on the authority of Ibn-Abbas who said, I asked theProphet Muhammad (S.A.W.) about Sperm on the clothes. He said: It is thesame as mucus and spittle. It is sufficient to rub the area with a rag or cloth.

3. Human Vomit: Is impure according to the four Madh-habs5. Pure according tothe opinion of Imam Ibn Hazm and Ash-Shawkani and others as there is noQuranic verse or Hadith.4. Blood of Human and Living Terrestrial Animals: Is impure according to thefour Madh-habs6. Pure according to the opinion of Imam Bukhari, Ibn Hazmand others as there is no Quranic verse or Hadith. In addition, thecompanions of the Prophet (S.A.W.) used to pray while their wounds werebleeding and the Prophet (S.A.W.) knew about it. Also, it was reported byImam Bukhari and Ahmad that a man from Ansar7 was praying at night whena disbeliever shot him with arrows and he continued praying while he wasvigoursily bleeding.5. The Body of a Dead Person: Is impure according to the Hanafi Madh-hab.Pure according to the opinion of the other three Madh-habs, based on the

2 Al-Ansabis plural of An-Nusub. They were stone-altars at fixed places or graves, etc., whereon sacrificeswere slaughtered on certain occasions in the name of idols, jinns, angels, piousmen, saints, etc. in order tohonor them, or to expect some benefit from them.3 Arrows for seeking luck or decision.4 The generation that came after the Prophets (S.A.W.) companions.5 Because they assumed it mixes with impurities inside the body.6 Because they include them in the general prohibition of blood; and also because they made an analogywith the impurity of menstrual blood.7 Al-Ansar

are the natives of Madinahwho accepted Islam and supported the Prophet Muhammad(S.A.W.).

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saying of the Prophet (S.A.W.) that a Muslim does not become impure. Inaddition, everything is pure unless clear-cut evidence suggests otherwise.

6. Urine and Defecation of Animals Whose Meat is Permissible to Eat:Isimpure according to the Hanafi Madh-hab and some Shafees. Pure accordingto the Madh-hab of Malik, Ahmad and some Shafees. Imam Ibn Taymeah saidthat none of the companions of the Prophet (S.A.W.) said that it is impure. Inaddition, they also base it on the Hadith reported by Imam Bukhari and Muslimthat some people from Aklen and Oreina (two Arab tribes) became sick andcame to the Prophet (S.A.W.) who told them to drink from the urine and milk ofthe female camel.7. The Tanned Skin of a Dead Animal (Carcass):Is impure according to theMaliki and Hanbali Madh-habs. Pure according to the Hanafi and ShafeeMadh-habs, based on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam Muslim and othersthat the Prophet (S.A.W.) said that when the skin of a dead animal is tanned, itbecomes purified.8. Pork: Is impure according to the Hanafi, Shafe'e, and Hanbali Madh-habsbased on the verse of Quran (Sura 6 (Al-Anam) Verse 145) which meansSay (O Muhammad (S.A.W.)) I do not find that which has been revealedto me anything forbidden to be eaten by one who wishes to eat it,

unless it be a dead animal or blood poured forth or pork for that surelyis Rijss.. These scholars said that the word Rijss means Impure. Pureaccording to the opinion of Imam Malik, Imam Ibn Hazm, and others, whosaid that this verse is evidence for prohibition of eating and not evidence forproof of physical impurity.

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How to Purify Things? to Purify Things?

1.Purifying the body and clothes.2.Purifying the clothes from the male infants urine.3.Purifying the hem of a womans clothes from what may touch it from impurityon the ground.4.Purifying the bottom of shoes.5.Purifying the ground.6.Purifying the utensils if they were touched by a dogs saliva.7.Purifying mirrors and similar objects (as knives, glass and other smoothsurfaces that have no pores).8.Purifying ghee (cooking butter) and other similar substances.9.Purifying the skin of a dead animal (not slaughtered according to the Islamiclaw).

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How to Purify Things? to Purify Things?

The Scholars agreed that purification from impurities is performed by usingwater based on a verse from Quran (Surah 25 (Al-Furqan), Verse 48) what canbe translated as, And We send down pure cleansing water from the sky,and on another verse (Surah 8( Al-Anfal), Verse 11) what can be translated as,and He sends down on you from the sky water to purify you with it

And the Scholars agreed that purification from urine and excrement isperformed by wiping with paper, stones or any similar pure material based onmany authentic narration of sayings and actions of the Prophet (S.A.W.), like anauthentic Hadith reported by Imam Abu Daud and An NasaI, If any of you goesto relieve himself, let him take three stones with him to clean himself, as it isenough for him.

It is also allowed to use water for purification from urine and excrementbased on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam Bukhari and Muslim that AnassBin Malik narrated: Whenever Allahs Messenger (S.A.W.) went to answer thecall of nature, I along with another boy used to accompany him with a tumbler fullof water for him to clean himself with.

1.Purifying the body and clothes: This is performed by washing them withwater until they are cleansed of the impurities. This is especially the casewhere the impurity is visible, such as the menstrual blood. If there are somestains that remain after washing which would be difficult to remove, they canbe overlooked based on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam Abu Daudand Baihaqi that a woman came to the Prophet (S.A.W.) and said OMessenger of Allah, I dont have but one outfit and I have my monthly periodwhen I am wearing it, and sometimes I see blood on it. What should I do?The Prophet (S.A.W.) replied: After the menstrual cycle is over, wash theblood stained area and then you can pray with it.The woman said OMessenger of Allah, what if the blood traces dont come out?He replied: It

suffices for you to clean it with water, and the traces of blood will not harmyou.If the impurity is not visible, such as urine, it is sufficient to wash it once.2.Purifying the clothes from the male infants urine: This is performed bysprinkling water on it. The urine of a female infant needs to be washed. Thisis based on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam Bukhari, Abu Daud andAn-Nasai that the Prophet (S.A.W.) said, The urine of a baby girl should bewashed off and the urine of a baby boy should be sprinkled (with water). Thisopinion is adopted by the scholars except by Imam Malik.3.Purifying the hem of a womans clothes from what may touch it of theimpurity on the ground: This is performed by touching the pure ground after

it. Based on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam Abu Daud, At-Termithi8


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and Ibn Majah that a woman asked Um Salamah (the Prophets wife) I am awoman who makes my clothes extra long and I may walk on impure places.Um Salamah replied that the Prophet (S.A.W.) said touching pure groundafter it will purify it.woman who makes my clothes extra long and I may walk on impure places.Um Salamah replied that the Prophet (S.A.W.) said touching pure groundafter it will purify it.

4.Purifying the bottom of shoes: This is performed by rubbing them againstthe ground as long as the remains of the impurity (Najassah) are removed.Based on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam Abu Daud that the ProphetMuhammad (S.A.W.) said: If any of you step on impurities (Najassah) withhis shoes, rubbing them against the soil will purify it.This opinion has beenadopted by the scholars except by Imam Ash-Shafee who requires that theyshould be washed with water.5.Purifying the ground:(a) By pouring water over it: Based on the Hadith reported by Imam Bukhari andMuslim that a Bedouin came and urinated in the Masjid of the ProphetMuhammad (S.A.W.), and he said to them: Leave him alone and pour a bucketof water over his urine. You have been sent to make things easy and not to makethem hard.This opinion has been adopted by the scholars except by Imam Abu

Hanifah who requires that in case the ground is solid, it needs to be dug and theimpure soil removed.(b) Drying of the ground is its purification if the impurity is gone: Based on aHadith reported by Imam Bukhari that Ibn Umar said that dogs used to urinatein the Mosque of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) during his time and hiscompanions did not pour any water on it (i.e. let it dry by itself).This opinionhasbeen adopted by the Hanafi Madh-hab contrary to the majority.6.Purifying the utensils if they were touched by a dogs saliva: This isperformed by washing them seven times with water, the first mixed with soil. Thi

sis based on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam Muslim: Tahour to purify bycleaning utensils belonging to one of you. If it has been licked by a dog, washitseven times, using soil at the first time.7. Purifying mirrors and similar objects (as knives, glass and other smoothsurfaces that have no pores): This is performed by wiping them and removingany impure remains.8.Purifying ghee (cooking butter) and other similar substances: This isperformed by taking out the impurity and what is around it. Based on an authenticHadith reported by Imam Bukhari that the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) was

asked regarding ghee in which a mouse had fallen. He said: Take out the mouseand throw away the ghee around it and use the rest. As for a liquid substance,there is some difference of opinion. The majority of scholars are of the opinionthat the entire liquid becomes impure. Imam Az-Zuhri, Al-Auzai and Al-Bukhari9


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and some companions of the Prophet (S.A.W.) like Ibn-Abbas and Ibn-Masudsay it is pure.-Abbas and Ibn-Masudsay it is pure.

9. Purifying the skin of a dead animal (not slaughtered according to the Islamiclaw): This is performed by tanning. Based on an authentic Hadith reported byImam Muslim that the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said: When the skin istanned it becomes purified.This opinion has been adopted by Hanafi andShafee Madh-habs and not by Maliki and Hanbali Madh-habs. Imam Ash-Shawkani supports and adopts the opinion of Ath-Thahiriah Madh-hab thattanning purifies all kinds of animal skin, including dogs and pigs, because theauthentic ahadith do not differentiate between these two kinds of animals andothers. It is obvious that if an animal is permissible to eat and is slaughteredaccording to the Islamic law, then it is already pure.10


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Sunan Al-Fitrah -Fitrah

The State (Condition) That Allah (S.W.T.) Likes the Humans to Be In

1. Circumcision.2&3. Shaving pubic hair and pulling out underarm hair.4&5. Clipping ones fingernails and toenails, and trimming or shaving his mustache.6.Letting the beard grows and become thick.7.Using the Siwak (a piece of a root of a tree called Al-Arak found in the regionof Hejaz in the Arabian Peninsula).11


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Sunan Al-Fitrah -Fitrah

The State (Condition) That Allah (S.W.T.) Likes the Humans to Be In

1.Circumcision: is obligatory according to Shafeis and Hanbalis, based on a fairHadith reported by Imam Abu Daud and Al-Baihaqi that the Prophet Muhammad(S.A.W.) had said to a man who converted to Islam: Get rid of the Kufr hair andcircumcise.It is only recommended according to Hanafis and Malekis, becausethey consider the above-mentioned Hadith as weak. Imam Ash-Shawkani alsofavors this opinion. They all base their opinion on an authentic Hadith reportedbyImam Bukhari and Muslim that the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said that fiveacts are considered from the (Sunan) Al-Fitrah and he mentioned circumcision asone of them. Since this Hadith does not include any commands, it is proof that itis a recommended act. The scholars who preferred it to be done on the seventhday after birth based their opinion (according to Imam Ash-Shawkani) on twoweak Ahadith.2&3. Shaving pubic hair and pulling out underarm hair: These are tworecommended acts. If either hair is shaved, trimmed or pulled out, it will suffice.Based on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam Bukhari and Muslim that the

Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said that five acts are considered from the (Sunan)Al-Fitrah and he mentioned shaving the pubic hair and pulling out the underarmhair as two of them. It is preferred that they are removed whenever they get long,not exceeding forty days. In an authentic Hadith reported by Ahmad, Abu Daudand others that Anass (R.A.A.) said: The time period for us to trim themoustache, cut the nails, pluck out the underarm hair and cut the pubic hair wasforty nights.

4&5. Clipping ones fingernails and toenails, and trimming or shaving hismustache: Based on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam Bukhari and Muslimthat the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said that five acts are considered from the

(Sunan) Al-Fitrah and he mentioned clipping ones fingernails and toenails, andtrimming or shaving his mustache as two of them. It is preferred that they areremoved whenever they get long, not exceeding forty days as reported in theHadith by Anass (R.A.A.) mentioned above in 2&3.

6. Letting the beard grow and become thick: Its prohibited to shave it accordingto the opinion of the four scholars, because it is considered as changing Allahscreation of the male and imitation of the female. In many authentic Ahadith, theProphet Muhammad (S.A.W.) ordered the believers to grow their beards. Amongthis is a Hadith reported by Imam Bukhari and Muslim that the ProphetMuhammad (S.A.W.) said: Be different from the Mushrikin (idolaters) and letyour beards grow and trim your mustaches. Imam Bukhari added Ibn Umar

(R.A.A.) used to grab his beard with his full hand and trim any excess, afterperforming Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah) or Umrah (a visit to Makkah different from12


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Hajj). And the same act was done by Umar Ibn Al-Khattab and Abu Hurierah(R.A.A.) during the life of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).). And the same act was done by Umar Ibn Al-Khattab and Abu Hurierah(R.A.A.) during the life of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).

7.Using the Siwak (a piece of a root of a tree called Al-Arak found in theregion of Hejaz in the Arabian Peninsula): It is recommended whether theperson is fasting or not, based on many authentic Ahadith like the one reportedby Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim that the Prophet (S.A.W.) said: Had I notfeared burdening my Ummah (Muslims), I would have ordered them to use theSiwak before every prayer.In another narration reported by Imam Ahmad touse the Siwak with every ablution.The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) used theSiwak when he entered his home and when he woke up for the Tahajjud (latenight prayers). If a Siwak is not available, it can be replaced with a toothbrush orany similar object to clean ones teeth.13


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Going To the Bathroothe Bathroom

1.If a person is outdoors, then he should be away and obscured from others.2.A person should say before uncovering himself Bismillah, Allahumma innyauzou beka menal khubuthy wal khabaith.3.A person should not mention the name of Allah while he is using the bathroom.4.A person should not face nor turn his back to the Qiblah direction if he isanswering the call of nature outdoors.5.A person should avoid shaded places, which are used by people, and thoseplaces where people walk and gather.6.A person should not urinate in a bathing place or in still water.7.A person must remove impurities from his private parts8.A person should clean his hand by rubbing on soil, using water or water andsoap, etc., after cleaning himself.

9.A person should not touch his private parts with his right hand even whencleaning himself.14


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Going To The Bathroom

1. If a person is outdoors, then he should be away and obscured from others:Based on an authentic Hadith reported by Ibn Majah and Abu Daud that Jaber(R.A.A.) said: We were traveling with the Prophet (S.A.W.) and the Prophet(S.A.W.) used to answer the call of nature by going away until he was not seen.

2.A person should say before uncovering himself Bismillah, Allahummainny auzou beka menal khubuthy wal khabaith.Meaning: "In the name ofAllah. O Allah! I seek refuge with you from the male and female devils." Basedon an authentic Hadith reported by Imam At-Tirmithi and Ibn Majah that theProphet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said: The partition (cover) between the Jinn andthe private parts of human beings whenever anyone enters the bathroom is tosay: Bismillah.In another Hadith reported by Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslimthat the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) used to say when he entered thebathroom Allahumma inny auzou beka menal khubuthy wal khabaith.Meaning:O Allah! I seek refuge with you from the male and female devils.3.A person should not mention the name of Allah (S.W.T.) while he is usingthe bathroom: Based on an authentic Hadith reported by all Hadith reportersexcept Bukhari that Ibn Umar (R.A.A.) said That a man passed by the Prophet

Muhammad (S.A.W.) while the Prophet (S.A.W.) was urinating and the man saidAssalamu Alaykum and the Prophet (S.A.W.) did not respond.In anothernarration, that man asked the Prophet (S.A.W.) why did you not answer me?He replied: I hated mentioning the name of Allah (S.W.T.) while I was in thatstate.4.A person should not face nor turn his back to the Qiblah 8direction if he isanswering the call of nature outdoors: Based on an authentic Hadith reportedby Imam Muslim and Ahmad that the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said: Whenone of you relieves himself, he should neither face the direction of the Qiblahnorturn his back to it.In another authentic Hadith reported by the group of theHadith collectors that Ibn Umar (R.A.A.) related that he once went to Hafsahs

house, where he saw the Prophet (S.A.W.) relieving himself while facing Syriawith his back to the direction of Kabah.Based on these two Ahadith, it isforbidden to face or turn ones back to the direction of Kabah outdoors if there isno visible physical partition or wall, and permitted otherwise.5.A person should avoid shaded places which are used by people, and thoseplaces where people walk and gather: Based on an authentic Hadith reportedby Imam Muslim and Abu Daud that the Prophet (S.A.W.) said: Beware of thosetwo acts which cause others to curse.They asked, What are those two acts?He said: Relieving yourself in the peoples walkways or in their shades.8 The direction towards all Muslims face in Salat(prayers) and that direction is towards the Kabah

inMakkah(in the Arabian Peninsula).

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6.A person should not urinate in a bathing place or in still water: Based on anauthentic Hadith reported by Imam An-Nasai and Abu Daud that the ProphetMuhammad (S.A.W.) forbade urinating in a bathing place. In another authenticHadith reported by Imam Muslim and An-Nasai that the Prophet Muhammad(S.A.W.) forbade urinating in still water.7.A person should not urinate standing if that makes his private parts visibleto other people or impurities touch his clothes or body: Based on anauthentic Hadith reported by Imam Bukhari and Muslim that the ProphetMuhammad (S.A.W.) went to the dumps (away from the people) and urinatedwhile standingImam Ash-Shawkani authenticated that Umar, Ali, Zaid, andother companions of the Prophet (S.A.W.) urinated while standing. However,most of the time the Prophet (S.A.W.) used to urinate while sitting, according tothe authentic narration by Aeyshah and as reported by Imam At-Termethi, AnNasaiand others.8.A person must remove impurities from his private parts by using any purematter three times or by using water: Based on an authentic Hadith reportedby Imam Muslim and others that Salman (R.A.A.) said: the Prophet (S.A.W.)forbade us to clean ourselves with less than three stones (or any other puresimilar material)In another Hadith reported by Imam Bukhari and Muslim that

Anass (R.A.A.) said: that the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) used to cleanhimself using water9.A person should not touch his private parts with his right hand even whencleaning himself: Based on an authentic Hadith reported by Imam Bukhari andMuslim that the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said: Whenever anyone of youurinates, he should not touch his private parts nor clean himself with his righthand.10.A person should clean his hand by rubbing on soil, using water or waterand soap, etc., after cleaning himself: Based on an authentic Hadith reportedby Imam Abu Daud, An-Nasai, Al-Baihaqi and Ibn Majah that when the Prophet

Muhammad (S.A.W.) relieved himself, he cleaned himself and then rubbed hishand against the soil.11.A person should say after using the bathroom Ghufranak.Meaning: "OAllah! Bestow your forgiveness upon me.": Based on an authentic Hadithreported by Imam Abu Daud, At-Tirmithi and Ibn Majah that the Prophet(S.A.W.), when he came out of the bathroom, used to say Ghufranak.16


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fiqh (basics).txt

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