FINDING VALUE IN TRADITIONS

Amy L. VerlanicExecutive Director, Institute for Educational Opportunities Montana Tech, 1300 West Park, Butte, MT 59701406.496.4289 (d), 406.491.0766 (c), 406.496.4696 (f)averlanic@mtech.edu

David Megquier, Director Maine Educational Opportunity Center

Maine Educational Talent SearchCooperating Assistant Professor of Education

University of Maine300 Chadbourne Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5713

207.581.2527 (d), 207.949.4116 (c), 207.581.2533 (f)

megquier@maine.edu

This presentation can downloaded. http://trio.maine.edu

Session Purpose/Goals• To help new-to-TRIO professionals and leaders understand the

history and success of COE’s grassroots advocacy work.• To clearly define the need for ALL TRIO professionals to take

on advocacy as a key responsibility.• To improve communication and mutual respect between the

various generations of TRIO leaders.

Victories Tell The Value

1960’s + Broadening AccessWar on Poverty; includes creation of Upward Bound• Education recognized as a way out of poverty

• Higher Education Act of 1965 + reauthorizations• Federal student financial aid & Pell Grants

(1972)• TRIO Programs; Gear Up• Minority Serving Institutions

• Vietnam War and returning veterans• Americans with Disabilities Act (Section 504 - 1973

Rehabilitation Act)• Gender equity laws (Title IX)• Affirmative action/anti-affirmative action

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1964 Economic Opportunity Act• Cornerstone of the “War on Poverty”. • Created the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO)• Head Start• Job Corps• Community Action Programs

•Upward Bound -- recognition that education is a way out of poverty

9-05-2014

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1965 Higher Education Act• Educational Opportunity Grants

(EOG) Pell Grant• First granted in 1972

• First federal grant program to address financial need as a barrier to educational opportunity

• Grants to institutions to identify youth with educational talent (Talent Search) to take advantage of the EOG and to inform prospective college students about financial opportunities

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Remarks at Southwest Texas State College Upon Signing the Higher Education Act of 1965. November 8, 1965

In a very few moments, I will put my signature on the Higher Education Act of 1965. The President's signature upon this legislation passed by this Congress will swing open a new door for the young people of America. For them, and for this entire land of ours, it is the most important door that will ever open--the door to education. And this legislation is the key which unlocks it.To thousands of young men and women, this act means the path of knowledge is open to all that have the determination to walk it.It means a way to deeper personal fulfillment, greater personal productivity, and increased personal reward. This bill, which I will make law, is an incentive to stay in school.It means that a high school senior anywhere in this great land of ours can apply to any college or any university in any of the 50 States and not be turned away because his family is poor.So, when we leave here this morning, I want you to go back and say to your children and to your grandchildren, and those who come after you and follow you--tell them that we have made a promise to them. Tell them that the truth is here for them to seek. And tell them that we have opened the road and we have pulled the gates down and the way is open, and we expect them to travel it.

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Today, then, we embark on a new adventure in learning. And it has a very special meaning to me.This is a proud moment in my life. I am proud to have a part in the beginning that this bill provides, because here a great deal began for me some 38 years ago on this campus.Here the seeds were planted from which grew my firm conviction that for the individual, education is the path to achievement and fulfillment; for the Nation, it is a path to a society that is not only free but civilized; and for the world, it is the path to peace--for it is education that places reason over force.He (Dr. Donato) came here and looked over my credentials and somehow or other offered me a job at $125 a month to teach in a Mexican school at Cotulla, Texas when I was a sophomore, and it was necessary that I leave that year to teach.I shall never forget the faces of the boys and the girls in that little Welhausen Mexican School, and I remember even yet the pain of realizing and knowing then that college was closed to practically every one of those children because they were too poor.And I think it was then that I made up my mind that this Nation could never rest while the door to knowledge remained closed to any American.

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1968: Higher Education Act Amendments

• Authorized Student Support Services (SSS)• Re-authorized Upward Bound & Talent

Search• UB, TS, SSS = TRiO is Born!

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TRIO IS BORN!

TRIO

Amendments to HEA

1972:Authorized Educational Opportunity Centers

Veteran’s Upward Bound

1972 HEA•Congress authorized $4 million to fund a

special Veterans Upward Bound

HEA 1976Authorized Training Authority (staff

development programs) for TRIO personnel – now known as TRIO

Training Grants.

HEA 1980

• Standardized TRIO student eligibility• Added First Generation College Student as a

criteria• Established Prior Experience as a funding criteria• Multi-year funding

HEA 1986

• Authorized Ronald E. McNair Post-baccalaureate Achievement Programs• Changed SSDS to Student Support Services.

1992 HEA•Upward Bound Math/Science began

as a Department of Education initiative

Emergence of the TRIO Based

Associations

Regional Associations

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Council for Opportunity in Education

SAEOPP

CATP

SWASAP

MEAEOPP

NEOA

AEEEMAEOPP

ASPIRENASP

WESTOP

ASPIRENAEOP

SWASAP

SAEOPP

USOE - 10 regional offices: How the Regions Were Formed

Reported to regional offices Funded by region Meetings called by region Regulations interpreted at regional levelvaried from region to region

1972: SWASAP Southwest Association of Student Assistance Programs

1974: MAEOPP Mid-America Association of Educational Opportunity Program Personnel

1975: NEAEOPP New England Association of Educational Opportunity Programs Personnel (now NEOA)

•November 1976 – ASPIRE Association of Special Programs in Region Eight (ASPIRE, Inc.)

•October 1977 – First ASPIRE Conference

• C’est Bon Hotel in Park City, Utah• 57 attendees (including guests)

NCCEOA•December 1977, New Orleans, LA•21 representatives from 9 regional

associations – agreed to:• Form an informal coalition•Begin lobbying effort for TRIO•Develop TRIO recommendations for

re-authorization of HEA

NCEOA

• 1981 - NCCEOA incorporated as the NCEOA (National Council for Educational Opportunity Associations)

• Opened a Washington office

• Held the first Policy Seminar (by invitation only)

NCEOA

• 1982: First Annual National Conference – Washington, DC

• 1983: 12 Day War – Mobilized TRIO community against 35% budget cut resulting in a $10 million increase for TRIO.

COE

1998: NCEOA changed name to Council for Opportunity in Education

TRIO Staff and Programs: Professionalism

In 1999, the Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education (CAS) added the

“TRIO and other Educational Opportunity Programs Standards and Guidelines” to the CAS Book of

Professional Standards for Higher Education. These standards and support for self-assessment added to

the recognition of TRIO as legitimate educational programs with nationally vetted professional

standards. Revised 2008: www.cas.edu

Recent History2005 – To increase funding for No Child Left

Behind:Bush proposed to cut $467.2 million

from TRIO and eliminate UB & TS &To eliminate the entire $306.5 million

budget for Gear Up COE mobilized TRIO community;

Congress rejected President Bush’s proposed cuts.

2006 – Again•President Bush proposed to cut TRIO and eliminate UB, TS, and Gear Up for FY 2007•Shift funding to High School Reform initiative •Once again, COE mobilized TRIO community; •Once again, Congress rejected President Bush’s proposed cuts.

August 2008 HEA Reauthorization

Higher Education Opportunity Act passes Revokes UB Absolute Priority Increases grant period to 5 years Establishes criteria for TRIO evaluations Creates an appeals process Allows targeting of specific populations Expands eligibility for VUB Specifies required and allowable services

2008-2014 Victories• $15 M increase in

appropriations• Sequestration

reversal• Only 9 of 280 Dept of

Ed programs received

• White House invites• Cromnibus Bill • SSS Competition

COE IMPACT1965 6.00 m 3,261 students

1973 67.30 m

1974, 75, 76

70.30 m Level funding for 3 years

1977 84.40 m NCCEOA Begins

1978 114.90 m

2004 823.11 m 872,000 students

2005 828.56 m

2006 824.22 m 877,777 students

2007 824.55 m + 48.34 CCRA UB

2008 824.68 m + $54.15 CRA UB

2009 847.92 m + $51.51 CCRA UB

2010 847.49 m + $56.78 CCRA UB

2011 822.39 m + $56.55 CCRA UB

2012 835.50 m + $0 CCRA UB

2013 840.50 m 0.6% increase ($5m); possible sequestration of $68.9 m

TRIO Funding – FY 1965 through FY 2013

19651968

19711974

19771980

19831986

19891992

19951998

20012004

*2007*2010

20130.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

900.0

1000.0

NCEOA/COE

Key Points To Preserving Successful Organizations While Allowing for Growth/Adaptation

• Keeping officer jobs manageable through delegation• Keeping roles for experienced folks• Remembering all relationships are personal• Treat your seasoned folks as sled dogs not watch dogs

Small Group Share• What traditions do

you value?• What do you want to

change?• Do you feel

empowered to change?

Report Out/ Contextualization

Conclusion• McMurray, A. J., et al. "Leadership, climate, psychological capital,

commitment, and wellbeing in a non-profit organization." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 31.5 (2010): 436-457.

• Bryson, John M. Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement. Vol. 1. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

• Piktialis, Diane Sue, and Kent A. Greenes. "Bridging the Gaps: How to transfer knowledge in today's multigenerational workplace." Conference Board, 2008.

• Cekada, Tracey L. "Training a Multigenerational Workforce: Understanding Key Needs & Learning Styles." Professional Safety 57.03 (2012): 40-44.

• Austin, James E. The collaboration challenge: How nonprofits and businesses succeed through strategic alliances. Vol. 109. John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

• Available at http://www.learncom.com/product/VL6610 Learning Communications presents expert Cam Marston on the Power of Generational Insight.