financial decision making 1 introduction to management accounting introduction to management...
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Financial Decision Making 1 Introduction to management accounting
Introduction to management accounting
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Financial Decision Making 1 Introduction to management accounting
What is management accounting?
• Providing information to managers
• Aim to support decision making
• Financial and non-financial information
• Reading: Drury chapter 1
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Financial Decision Making 1 Introduction to management accounting
What is information?
• Questions:
• Is there a difference between data and information?
• What makes information useful (or not)?
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Financial Decision Making 1 Introduction to management accounting
Data and information
• Data– Facts which have been recorded but not
converted into a form suitable for use
• Information– Data which has been processed in such a
way that it is meaningful and useful to the recipient
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Financial Decision Making 1 Introduction to management accounting
Characteristics of good information
• Accurate• Complete• Cost-effective• Understandable• Relevant• Accessible• Timely• Easy to use
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Financial Decision Making 1 Introduction to management accounting
Information for management decisions
• Questions:
• What do managers need information for?
• What decisions do they need to make?
• What kind of information do they need?
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Financial Decision Making 1 Introduction to management accounting
The main functions of management
• Planning– The first part of the decision-making process
• Decision making
• Control– The final part of the decision making process
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Financial Decision Making 1 Introduction to management accounting
Different levels of planning and decision making
• Strategic– Long–term objectives and plans
• Tactical– Short-term objectives and plans
• Operational– Day-to-day
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Financial Decision Making 1 Introduction to management accounting
Decisions to be made
• Long-term– Build a new factory– Expand into new markets
• Short-term– Should we increase the size of our workforce
to improve sales?– Should we make this product on-site or buy it
in?
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Financial Decision Making 1 Introduction to management accounting
What information do managers need?
• Key issue – what are the objectives of the business
• Historic information
• Forecasts
• Performance reports
• Analyses of different options
• Financial and non-financial information
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Financial Decision Making 1 Introduction to management accounting
Management accounting
• Provision of information for use within the business
• Uses historic information but also looks forward• Format and content determined by the needs of
the business – not legal requirements• Aims to aid planning, decision making and
performance management• Differs in a number of ways from financial
accounting
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Financial Decision Making 1 Introduction to management accounting
Development of management accounting
• Origins in the industrial revolution (19th century)• Largely about accounting for product costs• Little development until 1980s• Challenges to traditional approach such as:
– Changes in technology– Development of service sector– Criticism of narrow focus
• 1980s onwards: new management accounting approaches
• Development of ‘strategic management accounting’ • Recent years - emphasis on creating value through
better use of resources