final!year!project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/masoud_seifikar_fyp_presentation...mutually!delay[coupled!lasers!...

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Final Year Project 2018 The numerical inves9ga9on of the Lang Kobayashi equa9ons for coupled semiconductor lasers Masoud Seifikar ,

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Page 1: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

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Final  Year  Project  2018  

The  numerical  inves9ga9on  of  the  Lang  Kobayashi  equa9ons  for  coupled  

semiconductor  lasers  

Masoud  Seifikar,    

Page 2: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

Mo9va9on  •  Around  54%  of  the  world  popula4on  has  an  internet  connec4on  today  (was  40%  in  2014).

•  An  adult  in  the  US  spends  10h  39min  a  day  online.

2  www.internetlivestats.com

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Mo9va9on    

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Page 4: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

Mo9va9on    

•  Data  centres  consume  ~  3%  of  the  global  electricity  supply,  accoun4ng  for  ~  2%  of  total  greenhouse  gas  emissions.

•  Internet  consumes  ~  10%  of  total  electricity  consump4on.

4  hLps://yearbook.enerdata.net

World  power  consump4on

Page 5: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

Photonic  Integrated  Circuits  •  Photonic  integrated  circuits  (PICs)  are  devices  on  which  several  components  are  integrated.

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•  The  main  advantages  of  PICs:

o  Smaller  size,  weight,  lower  power  consump4on -­‐  Lower  CO2  emission  

o  Lower  cost o  Improved  reliability o  …

•  We  are  interested  in  mutually  Coupled  lasers  in  a  PIC.

Page 6: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

What  is  Laser?  

• Principles  of  Lasers o Spontaneous  Absorp4on o Spontaneous  Emission o S4mulated  Emission o Popula4on  Inversion

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Page 7: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

Absorp9on  

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Page 8: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

Spontaneous  Emission  

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Page 9: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

S9mulated  Emission  

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Page 10: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

Popula9on  Inversion  

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Op4cal  pumping

Page 11: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

S9mulated  emission  

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Page 12: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

LASER  (Light  Amplifica9on  by  S9mulated  Emission  of  Radia9on)  

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Page 13: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

•  Using  PheT  Laser  simula4on,  a  laser  is  produced.  thanks  PhET,  for  the  awesome  simula4on  tool.  

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Page 14: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

How  a  Laser  works?  

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Page 15: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

The  characteris9cs  of  laser  

•  The  Important  characteris4cs  of  laser  are  Monochroma4city,  Coherence,  Direc4onality  and  Sharp  focus

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Page 16: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

Coupled  Lasers  

Synchroniza4on  of  Mechanical  Oscillators  

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Page 17: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

Synchroniza9on  of  Metronomes  

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Page 18: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

Pendulum  Waves  

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Page 19: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

Mutually  Delay-­‐coupled  Lasers  Laser  1 Laser  2 &me  delay,  τ  =  d/c

•  We  are  looking  at  the  development  of  mutually  coupled  lasers  for  integra4on  in  a  PIC.

•  Interes4ng  laser  dynamics •  It  is  of  importance  in  the  crea4on  of  advanced  modula4on  formats  within  a  PIC.

•  We  study  the  dynamic  of  the  system  for  finite  small  τ.

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Page 20: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

Two  mutually  delay-­‐coupled  lasers    

•  The  lasers  are  coherently  coupled  via  their  op4cal  fields  E1  and  E2,  where  the  4me  delay  τ  (=  d/c),  arises  from  the  propaga4on  4me  of  the  light  from  one  laser  to  the  other  one.

•  Yanchuk  used  the  rate  equa4on  models  to  predict  one  colour  symmetric  states  for  very  small  delays  [1].

•  Erzgraber  et.  al.  used  DDE-­‐BIFTOOL  and  studied  the  dependence  of  behaviour  of  this  system,  to  coupling  phase  and  detuning  of  two  lasers  [2].

•  Clerkin  and  Amann  studied  this  this  system  for  zero  delay  4me  [3]. •  We  study  the  dynamic  of  two  mutually  coupled  lasers  for  finite  small  

delays,  to  account  for  non-­‐zero  separa4ons  of  the  lasers.

[1]  Yanchuk  et.  al.  Phys.  Rev.  E  69  056221  (2004)    [2]  Erzgraber  et.  al.  SIAM  J.  Appl.  Dyn.  Sys.  5,  30  (2006)  [3]  Clerkin  et.  al.  Phys.  Rev.  E  89  032919  (2014)      

d  

Laser  1 Laser  2

𝜏=0 𝜏≠0

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Rate  Equa9on  Model  •  Lang-­‐Kobayashi  Eqs,  in  nondimensional  form:

 Our  main  parameters: o  N1,2  are  normalized  inversions o  E1,2  are  normalized  complex  slowly  varying  envelope  of  the  op4cal  fields.

o  Coupling  phase,  Cp o  Coupling  rate  𝜅,    frac4on  of  the  photons  coupled  into  the  other  laser.   o  Here  we  assume  zero  detuning  Δ=0. o  Time  is  measured  in  units  of  photon  life4me,  𝜏p  (~5ps)     !  d=  𝜏c=1.5-­‐3  mm

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𝑑𝐸1(𝑡)/𝑑𝑡 =(1+𝑖𝛼)𝑁1(𝑡)𝐸1(𝑡)+𝜅𝑒↑−𝑖𝐶↓𝑝  𝐸2(𝑡−𝜏)−𝑖Δ𝐸1(𝑡) 𝑑𝐸2(𝑡)/𝑑𝑡 =(1+𝑖𝛼)𝑁2(𝑡)𝐸2(𝑡)+𝜅𝑒↑−𝑖𝐶↓𝑝  𝐸1(𝑡−𝜏)+𝑖Δ𝐸2(𝑡) 𝑇𝑑𝑁1(𝑡)/𝑑𝑡 =𝑃−𝑁1(𝑡)−(1+2𝑁1(𝑡))|𝐸1(𝑡)|↑2  𝑇𝑑𝑁2(𝑡)/𝑑𝑡 =𝑃−𝑁2(𝑡)−(1+2𝑁2(𝑡))|𝐸2(𝑡)|↑2 

Page 22: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

Solve  the  DDE  •  Separate  the  real  and  imaginary  parts  of  E1,2,    and  solve  system  of  six  DDEs  for  given  values  of  κ,  Cp  and  𝜏.

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       Ini4al  condi4on: ℜ(E1(t=0))=0.4             ℜ(E2(t=0))=0 ℑ(E1(t=0))=-­‐0.4             ℑ(E2(t=0))=0 N1(t=0)=0.05           N2(t=0)=0.05

𝜏  =0.5, κ=0.1, Cp=0.1π,

Page 23: Final!Year!Project2018!physics.ucc.ie/fyp2018/Masoud_Seifikar_FYP_Presentation...Mutually!Delay[coupled!Lasers! Laser1 medelay,τ) = d/c Laser2 • We(are(looking(at(the(development(of(mutually(

Cp  =0.1𝝅

Cp  =0.2𝝅

Cp  =0.2𝝅

Cp  =0.3𝝅

Cp  =0.513𝝅

Symmetric  1-­‐colour

Symmetric  1-­‐colour

Sym.  Broken  2-­‐colour

Sym.  Broken  2-­‐colour

Symmetric  2-­‐colour

Symmetric  and  Symmetric  Broken  𝜏=0.5;        κ=0.1  

ℜ(E2(t  =  0))  =  −0.39,  N2(t  =  0)  =  −0.05

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time (ns) time (ns) frequency (GHz)

Fixed  point

Periodic  orbit

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Final  Year  Project  

•   We  want  to  inves4gate  the  effect  of  the  material  parameters  like  carrier  life4me,  linewidth  enhancement  factor  and  pumping  parameters  in  the  behaviour  of  the  lasers,  especially  their  frequency.

•  If  you  are  interested  please  contact  me  by  [email protected]

•  My  office  is  located  in  1.01C

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