final.pptxgoogle car ppy

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GOOGLE

DRIVERLESS

CAR

S7 EA

PRESENTED BY,



What Is It?It is a project led by Sebastian Thrun,Co-inventor of Google

Street View and Director of the Stanford ArtificialIntelligence Laboratory

The Google Driverless Car is like any car, but:

It can steer itself while looking out for obstacles

It can accelerate itself to the correct speed limit

It can stop and go itself based on any traffic condition It can take its passengers anywhere it wants

to go safely, legally, and comfortably.



How It Works?General Idea

Integrates Google Maps with various hardware sensorsand artificial intelligence software

Google Maps

Provides the car with road information

Hardware Sensors

Provides the car with real time environment conditions

Artificial Intelligence

Provides the car with real time decisions



Google Maps Google Maps interacts with GPS and acts like a

database

Speed Limits

Upcoming intersections

Traffic Report

Nearby collisions

Directions



Hardware Sensors Gives real time environmental properties

Environment is dynamic so need real time

results

Attempt to create fully observable environment



LIDAR

'Eyes' of Google Car The Velodyne LIDAR HDL-64E use an array of either 64

or 32 lasers to electronically "see" the environment,

The module is set inside a rotating drum.

Its lasers complement Google's mapping software and

GPS data, which help orient the car on the road.

The LIDAR provides additional positional data, but also

identifies other cars, bicycles, pedestrians, and road

hazards.



Parts Of LIDAR Laser :

1550 nm lasers , eye-safe at much higher power .Better target resolution isachieved with shorter pulses.

Scanner and optics

Time taken for image development is affected by the speed at which they are

scanned.

Photo detector and receiver electronics

Two main photo detector technologies are used in LIDAR: solid state photo

detectors, such as silicon avalanche photodiodes, or photomultipliers.

Sensitivity of the receiver is a parameter that has to be balanced in a LIDARdesign.

Position and navigation systems

LIDAR require instrumentation to determine the absolute position and

orientation of the sensor. So Global Positioning System receiver and an Inertial

Measurement Unit (IMU)is added



How LIDAR Works? LIDAR Uses optical remote sensing technology

Measure the distance and other properties of a target by illuminating

the target with light, often using pulses from a laser.

Can be used with a wide range of targets.

A narrow laser beam can be used to map physical features with very

high resolution



Video Camera

Mounted near the rearview mirror to detect

road signs and traffic lights ,speed limits .

It also has computers on board the vehicle

to recognize obstacles such as

pedestrians and cyclists etc.



RADAR RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging)

A way to detect and study far off targets by transmitting a

radio pulse in the direction of the target and observing

the reflection of the wave.

It is basically radio echo

Radar observables:

Target range

Target angles (azimuth & elevation) Target size (radar cross section)

Target speed (Doppler)

Target features (imaging)



Position Estimator Position estimation consist of the following

process :

A priori map of its environment .

A combination of odometery and

optical range sensing. An algorithm for matching sensing data to

map .

An algorithm to estimate precision.

Position Estimator is mounted on left rear

wheel



Artificial IntelligenceGoogle Maps and the hardware sensors data are sent to

the AI

AI then determines:

how fast to accelerate

when to slow down/stop

when to steer the wheel

which personality to incorporate

Cautious Personality

Aggressive Personality



Relation to AI Machine Learning

The agent learns of its

environment based on

sensor data and its

database

Autonomy

The agent can solve

tasks independently and

does not need any

human interaction

Goals

The agent's goal is to take

the driver to its desired

destination safely and

legally

Reasoning

Car starts off with acautious personality but

can determine when to go

into an aggressive

personality



Let's See It In Action!

A look from the inside...

Google Cars Drive Themselves, in Traffic

approved in Nevada.mp4

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/Google%20Cars%20Drive%20Themselves,%20in%20Traffic%20approved%20in%20Nevada.mp4






Currently... As of 2010:

6 Google Driverless Cars

5 Toyota Prius

1 Audi TT

Total miles

1,000 miles without human

intervention

140,000 miles with occasional

human intervention

2 accidents

Both human error

Nevada

1st state to allow driverless

vehicles can be legally operatedon public roads



AdvantagesSafer roads with fewer traffic collisions and

therefore reduction in road injuries.

Reduced journey time as fewer traffic jam.

Reduction of physical road signage.

Elimination of driving licenses.

Alleviation of parking scarcity



Disadvantages

Legal issues.

Wont fully eliminate car accidents , but will

reduce them.

Currently expensive.

Trained professional is needed to fix

problems and broken part of robotic cars.



Social Impact and Ethics

The job opportunity of a paid driver will beat stake .

Machine caused accidents



ConclusionDriverless vehicles will make a great impact on

the society.

Motor Vehicle laws on every country should be

reconstructed.

These vehicles will be a great solution to avoid

traffic congestion , parking problem etc.

It will save time and life.

Researches should be made it 100% accurate



Reference (afp), Charlotte Raab. "AFP: Google Brain Drives Cars in Quest for

next Auto Revolution." Google. Web. 21 Nov. 2011.

<http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hVGLbxyIGl0-hBE0omPclrPNrwHg?docId=CNG.f44dc0982a11a52246a9f2b994a36455.a1>.

"Google Robot Car: Self Driving Artificial Intelligence Cars Created ByGoogle." Viking305 on HubPages. Web. 21 Nov. 2011.

<http://viking305.hubpages.com/hub/Google-testing-robot-cars-drive-on-their-own-news-KITT-new-Knight-Rider>.

"How Google's Self-Driving Car Works - IEEE Spectrum." IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News. Web. 21 Nov.2011. <http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/artificial-intelligence/how-google-self-driving-car-works>.

Markoff, John. "Google Cars Drive Themselves, in Traffic -NYTimes.com." The New York Times - Breaking News, World News &Multimedia. 09 Oct. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2011.<http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/10/science/10google.html?pagewanted=1>.

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