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EKTA SHAH IF2008046ZINAL SHAH IF2008055
FORUM SHETH IF2008057
• Urbanization transforms the role of the family, demographic structures, the nature of work, and the way we choose to live and with whom.• It is now widely accepted that urbanization is as much a social process as it is an economic and territorial process.• It also modifies domestic roles and relations within the family, and redefines concepts of individual and social responsibility.
INTRODUCTION:
HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDSMalariaMalaria
ARIARI
Cerebro-Cerebro-vascularvascular
DengueDengue
TuberculosisTuberculosis
PolioPolio
ObesityObesityInjuriesInjuries
Ischemic HeartIschemic HeartDiseaseDisease
Indoor Air PollutionIndoor Air Pollution
Diarrheal DiseaseDiarrheal Disease
DiabeteDiabetess
Gun ViolenceGun ViolenceEnvironmentalEnvironmentalPollutionPollution
AgingAging
Avian InfluenzaAvian Influenza
Education - 20% of the urban population age 6-17 are out of school;
Power - ~10% of urban households do not have electricity;
Water - ~25% of urban households do not have access to piped water; ~50% do not purify water before drinking;
Sanitation - 20% of urban households do not have toilets;
Source: National Family Health Survey 1998-99
Shelter - >3 people share one room in 30% of urban households;
Health – Urban populations (especially the poor) are at high risk to infections and chronic diseases
Pollution effects are indeed many and wide ranging
The excessive level of pollution is causing damage to human and animal health and plants and trees
It causes physical as well as psychological and behavioral disorders.
Our global human population, 6 billion at present ,will cross the 7 billion mark by 2015.
Rising population growth can lessen our quality of life because it:
destroys resources, such as water and forests, needed to sustain us
slows the dynamics of a healthy economy decreases the level of biodiversity upon
which we depend
There are many aspects of poverty – Lack of income Lack of assets Lack of legal rights Lack of the resources Lack of access to education Poor quality of housing.
0
20
40
60
80
100
East Asiaand
Pacific
Europeand
CentralAsia
SouthAsia
1960 1990 2020
Poverty is growing in urban areas.
By 2020 over 75% of the poor in Central Asia and almost half of the poor in Asia will reside in cities and towns
Perc
ent
of
Poor
Popula
tion
Perc
ent
of
Poor
Popula
tion
In C
itie
s and T
ow
ns
In C
itie
s and T
ow
ns
Source: Bloem, M., et. al., 2003. Cities in Transition Presentation
Urban population – India: ~328 million India is expected to be approximately 40%
(550 million) urban by 2026 Urban poor estimated at 80 -100 million Estimated annual births among urban poor:
2 million (Based on CBR 19.1 for urban population and 100 million urban poor population)
Courtesy of Dr. Siddarth Agarwal, Urban Health Resource Center, India; USAID/India Urban Health Project
Understanding the local context through needs assessment and situation analysis
Listing ofSlums
ensuring Identificati
on of all Poverty Pockets
DevelopingVulnerability Criteria through
Slum Visits and
Discussions
Slum-based Data
Collection
Triangulation of Results
for Vulnerability
, Slum Location and
Hidden Areas
Consolidation of Data and
Categorization of Slums;
Mapping
Courtesy of Dr. Siddarth Agarwal, Urban Health Resource Center, India; USAID/India Urban Health Project
328 unlisted slums (population 510,397)
452 listed slums (population 820,139)
780 slums (Total)
According to NSSO 58th Round (2002) 49.4% slums
are non-notified in India
City Slums on official List Unlisted Slums
Agra 215 178
Dehradun 78 28
Bally 75 45
Jamshedpur 84 77
452 328
Courtesy of Dr. Siddarth Agarwal, Urban Health Resource Center, India; USAID/India Urban Health Project
Expand attention to and investment in urban health – build a rational global strategy
Link to major health programs such as PEPFAR, CS/MCH, TB, Malaria and Infectious Diseases (including AI) maximize “wrap around” efforts with these programs
Mainstream urban health in the donor community
Increase local municipality engagement in health
An urban transition is inevitable Virtually all growth will be urban in the
future Recognize the urban imperative,
mainstream it… Acknowledge the transitions…
deal with in the urban settingBalance infectious and chronic disease
interventions in the crucible