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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh i

FINALENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

REPORT

FOR

PROPOSED AUGMENTATION IN LPG BULK STORAGE CAPACITY AT

LPG BOTTLING PLANT AT MEHATPUR, UNA, HIMACHAL PRADESH

SUBMITTED TO

M/s INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT

M/s. ULTRA-TECH

ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY AND CONSULTANCY

(GazzetedByMoEF)

Unit No. 206, 224, 225 Jai Commercial Complex, Eastern Express Highway,

Opp Cadbury Factory, Khopat, Thane (West) – 400 061

Tel: 022-2534 2776, Fax: 022-25429650, Email: [email protected]

Website: www.ultratech.in

August , 2018

http://www.ultratech.in/

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh ii

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 11

1.2 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT ............................. 11

1.3 NEED FOR PROJECT ACTIVITY .................................................................................... 13

1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE AND LOCATION OF THE PROJECT 14

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY .............................................................................................. 18

1.6 APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ............................................... 19

1.7 STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT .................................................................................. 19

CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DISCRIPTION ................................................................................ 21

2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT ...................................................................................................... 21

2.2 NEED AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT ..................................................... 21

2.3 LAYOUT 21

2.4 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT ................................................................. 24

2.4.1 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation ........................................... 25

2.4.2 Land use .................................................................................................................. 25

2.5 PROCESS DESCRIPTION............................................................................................ 25

2.5.1 LPG Receipt and Storage ........................................................................................ 25

2.5.2 Unloading ................................................................................................................ 25

2.5.3 LPG Pump House ................................................................................................... 25

2.5.4 Air Compressor and Air-Drying Unit ..................................................................... 26

2.5.5 LPG Cylinder filling and associated facilities ........................................................ 26

2.6 PROCESS FLOW CHART ............................................................................................ 27

2.7 INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE FACILITY .................................................................. 28

2.7.1 Description of Mounded Bullets ............................................................................. 28

2.7.2 Parking Lot.............................................................................................................. 29

2.8 FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM .................................................................................... 29

2.9 PLANT AND EQUIPMENT DETAILS........................................................................ 34

2.10 POWER REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................ 36

2.11 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT ................................................................................... 36

2.12 WATER AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT ..................................................... 36

2.13 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM ..................................... 37

PLATE 2.1: SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ........................................................................................ 38

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh iv

CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................. 39

3.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 39

3.2 GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY ........................................................................ 39

3.2.1 Physiography ................................................................................................................ 39

3.2.2 Drainage ....................................................................................................................... 39

3.2.3 Geology& Hydrogeology ............................................................................................. 40

3.2.4 Ground Water Resources .............................................................................................. 41

3.3 STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................... 41

3.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area ................................................................ 41

3.3.2 Drainage Pattern...................................................................................................... 44

3.3.3 Contour Pattern of the Study Area .......................................................................... 44

3.4 METEOROLOGICAL DATA ....................................................................................... 45

3.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ........................................................................................... 47

3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study ...................................................................... 48

3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques ..................................................................... 48

3.6 NOISE.............. .............................................................................................................. 52

3.6.1 Objective ................................................................................................................. 52

3.6.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 52

3.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured .................................................. 54

3.6.4 Noise Results .......................................................................................................... 55

3.7 WATER ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................... 56

3.7.2Water Sampling Locations ............................................................................................ 56

3.7.3 Ground and Surface Water Quality Results ............................................................ 58

3.8 SOIL................. .............................................................................................................. 62

3.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations ............................................................................. 62

3.8.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 64

3.8.3 Soil Results ............................................................................................................. 64

3.9 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................... 67

3.9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 67

3.9.2 Objectives of Ecological studies: ................................................................................. 67

3.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................... 75

CHAPTER 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASURES ................................................................................................................................ 86

4.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 86

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh v

4.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................. 86

4.2.1 During Construction Phase: .................................................................................... 86

4.2.2 During Operation Phase .......................................................................................... 88

4.3 IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES ......................................................................... 93

4.3.1 During Construction Phase ..................................................................................... 93

4.3.2 During Operation Phase .......................................................................................... 95

4.4 IMPACT MATRIX ........................................................................................................ 96

4.5 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ... 98

4.6 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................ 101

CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES AND TECHNOLOGY .............. 102

5.1 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES AND TECHNOLOGY ................................... 102

5.2 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................... 102

5.3 ALTERNATIVE SITE ................................................................................................. 102

CHAPTER :6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME .............................. 103

6.1INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 103

6.2ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING .............................................................................. 103

6.2.1 Ambient Air Quality ............................................................................................. 107

6.2.2 Surface Water Quality........................................................................................... 107

6.2.3 Noise Level ............................................................................................................... 107

6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL .......................................................... 107

6.4 BUDGETARY ALLOCATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

MEASURES........... ................................................................................................................. 108

CHAPTER 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES ................................................................................ 109

7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ........................................................................................ 109

7.2 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT ................................................................... 110

7.2.1 Methodology ......................................................................................................... 110

7.2.2 Objectives Of Risk Assessment.................................................................................. 111

7.2.3 QRA Approach ..................................................................................................... 111

7.2.4 Hazard Identification ............................................................................................ 114

7.2.5 Events and Ignition Probability ............................................................................ 118

7.2.6 Consequential Events ............................................................................................ 119

7.2.7 Consequence Analysis .......................................................................................... 121

7.2.8 Likelihood Estimation ........................................................................................... 132

7.2.9 Risk Analysis ........................................................................................................ 134

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh vi

7.2.10 Risk Contours........................................................................................................ 134

7.2.11 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 136

7.2.12 Recommendations ................................................................................................. 137

7.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................. 138

7.3.1 Emergency Organization Set-up ................................................................................. 139

7.3.2 On site Emergency: .................................................................................................... 140

7.3.3 Emergency Action Plan for Emergency during Off- Shift Hours (Including Holidays):

................................................................................................................................142

7.3.4. Emergency During Working Hours of Week Days ................................................... 144

7.3.5 Specification of Team Members And Their Duties ................................................... 145

7.3.6. Off site Emergency: ................................................................................................... 147

7.3.7. Roles & responsibilities:............................................................................................ 148

7.3.8. Maintenance of ERDMP Records. ..................................................................... 152

7.3.9. Time Recorder ...................................................................................................... 153

7.3.10. Communications Services. ................................................................................... 153

7.3.11. Communication Flow Chart .................................................................................. 154

CHAPTER8: PROJECT BENEFITS ...................................................................................... 161

8.1 PROJECT BENEFITS ................................................................................................. 161

8.2 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ............................... 161

8.3 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE .................................... 161

8.4 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL ................................................................................... 162

8.5 CSR AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT .................................................. 162

8.6 DIRECT REVENUE EARNING TO THE NATIONAL AND STATE EXCHEQUER

.......................................................................................................................................163

8.7 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS ................................................................................ 163

CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS.................................... 164

CHAPTER 10. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................ 165

10.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 165

10.2 EMP DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE................................................................ 165

10.2.1 Air Environment ................................................................................................... 166

10.2.2 Noise Environment ............................................................................................... 166

10.2.3 Water Environment ............................................................................................... 166

10.2.4 Land Environment ................................................................................................ 167

10.2.5 Biological Environment ........................................................................................ 167

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh vii

10.2.6 Socio-economic Environment ............................................................................... 167

102.7 Health and Safety .................................................................................................. 167

10.3 EMP DURING OPERATION PHASE ........................................................................ 168

10.3.1 Air Environment ................................................................................................... 168

10.3.2 Noise Environment ............................................................................................... 168

10.3.3 Water Environment ............................................................................................... 169

10.3.4 Land Environment ................................................................................................ 169

10.3.6 Biological Environment ........................................................................................ 170

10.3.7 Socio-economic Environment ............................................................................... 170

10.3 RAIN WATER HARVESTING .................................................................................. 170

10.5 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ................................................................. 170

CHAPTER 11. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ..................................... 172

11.1 CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ..................................................................................... 172

11.2 LABORATORY FOR ANALYSIS ............................................................................. 174

LIST OF TABLES

Table-E.1: Environmental Setting around Project Site ................................................................... 2

Table -E.2:Salient Features of Proposed Expansion Project .......................................................... 3

Table -E.3: Project Capacity ........................................................................................................... 5

Table -E.4: Water Consumption ..................................................................................................... 5

Table E.5: Details of Fire Tanks ..................................................................................................... 6

Table E-6: Schedule of Fire Pumps ................................................................................................ 6

Table-E.7: Summary Of The Meteorological Data Generated At Site ........................................... 7

Table 1.1(a): Project and Project Proponent Description ............................................................. 12

Table 1.1(b): Environmental Setting around Project Site ............................................................. 14

Table-2.1: Land Break Up of Project area (land) ......................................................................... 22

Table 2.2: Salient Features of Existing /Proposed facility ............................................................ 24

Table 2.3: List of Fire Fighting Equipment‘s ............................................................................... 31

Table 2.4: Non-Plant Shed/Building ............................................................................................. 34

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh viii

Table 2.5: Plant Shed/Building ..................................................................................................... 34

Table 2.6: Brief Description of Facilities ..................................................................................... 34

Table 2.7: Electrical Systems ........................................................................................................ 35

Table 2.8: Safety data ................................................................................................................... 36

Table 2.10: Non-Hazardous Waste ............................................................................................... 37

Table 2.11: Hazardous waste ........................................................................................................ 37

Table 3.1: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 10 km Radius..................................... 43

Table 3.2: Meteorological Monitoring At study area ................................................................... 45

Table 3.3: Meteorological Data Recorded at study area ............................................................... 46

Table 3.4: Techniques Used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring .............................................. 48

Table 3.5: Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ............................................... 49

Table 3.6: Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results ............................................... 50

Table 3.7: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area .................................................... 54

Table 3.8: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results ............................................................................. 55

Table 3.9: Ambient Noise Standards ............................................................................................ 55

Table 3.10: Water Quality Sampling Locations .......................................................................... 56

Table 3.11: Ground Water Characteristics.................................................................................... 58

Table 3.12: Surface Water Characteristics.................................................................................... 61

Table 3.13: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area.................................................................. 64

Table 3.14(A): Soil Analysis Results............................................................................................ 65

Table 3.19: Demography of Una &Rupnagar Districts ................................................................ 76

Table 3.20: Village & Town Breakup in the Study Area ............................................................. 77

Table 3.21: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area.................................................. 78

Table 3.22: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area.................................................. 78

Table 3.23: SC & ST Population break-up in the Study Area ...................................................... 79

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh ix

Table 3.24: Literacy break-up in the Study Area .......................................................................... 79

Table 3.25: Urban/Rural Population break up in the Study Area ................................................. 79

Table 3.26: Status of working population in the study area ......................................................... 80

Table 3.27: Distribution of Main workers by category................................................................. 81

Table 3.28: Recommended PCU Factors on Urban Roads ........................................................... 82

Table 3.29: Traffic Survey, Node I ............................................................................................... 83

Table 3.30: Level of Service ......................................................................................................... 84

Table 4.1: Hazardous waste .......................................................................................................... 89

Table 4.2: Treated Wastewater Characteristics ............................................................................ 90

Table-4.3: List of Plant Species in the Existing Plantation .......................................................... 90

Table 4.4: Impact Matrix .............................................................................................................. 96

Table 4.5: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures ........................................................... 98

Table 4.6: Overall Matrix ........................................................................................................... 101

Table-6.1: Environmental Monitoring During Project Construction Stage ................................ 103

Table-6.2: Environmental Monitoring During Project Operation Stage .................................... 106

Table 6.3: Cost of Environmental Protection Measures ............................................................. 108

Table 7.1: List of identified Scenarios ........................................................................................ 116

Table 7.2: Typical Pasquill Stability classes............................................................................... 117

Table 7.3: Ignition Probabilities as used in PHAST. .................................................................. 121

Table 7.4: Leak sizes considered ................................................................................................ 121

Table 7.5: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Personnel ..................................................... 122

Table 7.6: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Equipment .................................................... 122

Table 7.7: Damage Due to Overpressures ................................................................................. 123

Table 7.8: Flammable (LFL) dispersion distances ..................................................................... 124

Table 7.9: Jet fire radiation distances ......................................................................................... 127

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh x

Table 7.10: Pool fire radiation distances..................................................................................... 129

Table 7.11: Overpressure Distances due to Explosion .............................................................. 129

Table 7.12 Fireball (BLEVE) distance for Road Tanker ........................................................... 131

Table 7.13: Estimated Failure Frequency ................................................................................... 133

Table 7.14: On site-Emergency Organogram & IOCL Organogram Correspondence: .............. 141

Table 7.15: Emergency Organogram during off-office hours (including holidays) .................... 143

Table 8.1: CSR Activities by IOCL ............................................................................................ 162

Table 11.1: EIA Team................................................................................................................. 172

Table 11.2: EIA Coordinator and Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA....................... 173

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.2: 10 Km Study Area Map-IOCL Plant .......................................................................... 17

Figure 2.1: Layout Showing Existing and Proposed Storage Facilities........................................ 23

Figure 2.2: Process Flow Chart ..................................................................................................... 28

Figure 2.3: Typical Mounded Bullet System ................................................................................ 29

Figure 3.1(A): Satellite Map of the study area ............................................................................. 42

Figure 3.1(B): Land use/Landcover of 10 Km Study Area .......................................................... 43

Figure 3.2: Drainage Map of the study area ................................................................................. 44

Figure 3.3: Drainage Map of the study area ................................................................................. 45

Figure 3.4: Wind rose for period of January 2017 to March 2017. .............................................. 47

Figure 3.5 (A): Map Showing Ambient Air Monitoring Locations.............................................. 50

Figure 3.5(B) : Map Showing Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations .......................................... 54

Figure 3.5 (C) : Map Showing Water Sampling Locations .......................................................... 57

Figure 3.5 (D) : Map Showing Soil Sampling Locations ............................................................. 63

Figure 3.8: Percentage Distribution of Main Workers in the Study Area .................................... 81

Figure 3.9: Location of the Node for Traffic Survey .................................................................... 83

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh xi

Figure 3.10: No‘s of vehicles during peak hour & lean hour ....................................................... 84

Figure-4.1: Existing Plantation Layout ......................................................................................... 92

Figure 7.1: Risk Acceptance Criteria .......................................................................................... 112

Figure7.2: Event tree for Continuous release with rainout (from PHAST software) ................. 119

Figure 7.3: Risk Contour for LPG Bottling Plant, Una .............................................................. 135

Figure 7.4: FN Curve for LPG Bottling Plant, Una .................................................................... 136

Figure 7.5: ERDMP Organogram for Level 1 & Level 2 (Onsite) Emergencies ................. 144

Figure 10.1: Photographs of Different CSR Activity ................................................................. 171

LIST OF ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE I: Copy of Terms of Reference &TOR Compliance

ANNEXURE II: Project Site Layout Plan

ANNEXURE III: Baseline Monitoring Results

ANNEXURE IV: Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to

Operate and CTO compliance.

ANNEXURE V: Occupational Health & Safety Policy

ANNEXURE VI: Application for Ground Water Permission from concerned Authority.

ANNEXURE VII: Electricity Permission.

ANNEXURE VIII: Land Document

ANNEXURE IX: Certificate from PESO.

ANNEXURE X: Bullet Design Details

ANNEXURE XI: Factory‘s License

ANNEXURE XII: Photograph Showing Safety Training

ANNEXURE XIII: Photograph Showing Mock drill in the Plant

ANNEXURE XIV: Minutes of Public Hearing Along with Photographs

ANNEXURE XV: ETP design details

ANNEXURE XVI: STP design details

ANNEXURE XVII: Fire layout plan

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government of India enterprise with a

Maharatna status and a Fortune 500 and Forbes 2000 company. Incorporated as Indian Oil

Corporation Ltd. on 1st September, 1964 Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for

approximately 48% of petroleum products market share, 34% national refining capacity and 71%

downstream sector pipelines capacity in India. It is India‘s flagship national oil company and

downstream petroleum major thus being India‘s largest commercial enterprise. As the flagship

national oil company in the downstream sector, Indian Oil reaches precious petroleum products

to millions of people every day through a countrywide network of about 35,000 sales points.

They are backed for supplies by 167 bulk storage terminals and depots, 101 aviation fuel stations

and 91Indane (LPG) bottling plants. IOCL is a premier public-sector company in the Oil & Gas

Sector and is engaged in the business of refining and retailing of petroleum products including

LPG in the country. IOCL is having about 91 LPG bottling plants, which serve every corner of

the country. Indane (the trade name of LPG of IOCL) is supplied to the consumers through a

network of about 5,456 distributors (51.8% of the industry). The growth in demand of LPG for

domestic purpose is increasing at a rapid pace.

In order to meet the local need in the State of Himachal Pradesh, IOCL is proposing to augment

the storage capacity at Una LPG Bottling Plant withinIOCLpremises of32.56 Acres.

No additional land will be required for the proposed augmentation as the same is coming up

within the existing land.

As per Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September 2006, the proposed

augmentation comes under Item No. 6(b) of Category ‗B‘. However, the Plant Site is located

within 5 km of Interstate boundary i.ePunjab and Himanchal Pradesh (0.24 km towards west

direction and 0.35 km towards north direction) and hence falls under Category ‗A‘ as per EIA

Notification 2006 of MOEF&CC for which Environmental Clearance (EC) from Ministry of

Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MOEF&CC) is necessary.

1.0 Project Location

The details of environmental setting are given below.


Table-E.1: Environmental Setting around Project Site

SN Particulars Details

1. Name of Project Proposed augmentation in LPG Bulk

Storage capacity at LPG Bottling Plant at

Village Raipur Sahoran, Mehatpur, Una,

Himachal Pradesh by M/s Indian Oil

Corporation Ltd.

2. Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited

3. Plant location Village Raipur Sahoran, Mehatpur, Una,

Himachal Pradesh by M/s Indian Oil

Corporation Ltd.

4. Coordinates A:31°23'55.08"N, 76°19'39.81"E

B: 31°23'37.44"N, 76°19'48.13"E

C: 31°23'35.70"N, 76°19'42.22"E

D: 31°23'38.69"N, 76°19'41.53"E

E: 31°23'38.75"N, 76°19'32.66"E

F: 31°23'49.45"N, 76°19'35.62"E

5. General elevation above MSL 1220 ft

6. Nearest highways NH 503 – 1.47 km(E)

7. Present land use at the site Land use pattern is notified for industrial use

8. Nearest railway station Rai Mehatpur Railway Station: 0.4 km(N)

9. Nearest Airport Chandigarh Airport: 118 km(SSE)

10. Nearest major water bodies Satluj Lake: 3.5 Km, E

Nangal Dam: 10.0 Km, E

Soan River (Tributaries of river Satluj): 4

Km, W

11. Nearest town/City Nearest City Nangal:8 km (ESE)

District HQ Una: 12 km

12. Interstate boundary Punjab and Himanchal Pradesh boundary -

0.24 km towards west direction and 0.35 km

towards north direction

13. Archaeologically important places None within 10 km

14. Protected areas as per Wildlife

Protection Act, 1972 (Tiger reserve,

Elephant reserve, Biospheres,

National parks, Wildlife

sanctuaries, community reserves

and conservation reserves)

None within 10 km



15. Reserved / Protected Forests None within 10 km

16. Defence Installations None within 10 km

17. Seismicity The proposed augmentation project is

located in Seismic Zone IV as per IS: 1893

and all designs will be as per IS Codes

18. Industries 1. Swiss Garnier HP: 2.5 km, NE

2. Tahliwal Joshi Industries: 7.8 Km,

SW

3. The SukhjitAgro Industries: 8.2 Km,

SSW

4. Atul Automotive Safety Glass

Industries: 9 Km, SSW

5. Kalgidhar Furniture Industries: 8

Km, NNW.

6. National Fertilizer Limited: 5 KM,

SE.

7. Punjab Alkalies& Chemical Limited

:3 KM. SE

2.0 Project Description

There is no chemical process involved and the operation carried out will be receipt of LPG in

Bulk form in tank trucks from the sources namely IOCL Jalandhar, Lonietc. The storageshall be

in mounded bullets (existing and proposed) and filling of LPG into cylinders using carousel and

associated systems. The cylinders filled will be checked for quality and then dispatched. In the

proposed augmentation of storage capacity at LPG bottling plant the storage will be pressurized

form in mounded storage. The LPG storage will be in existing 3 bullets of 300 MT (i.e. 900 MT

existing) each and proposed 2 bullets of 600 MT each (i.e. 1200 MT) with a total capacity of

2100 MT.

The Mounded Bullet Systemwill store the LPGin liquid form. The system of mounded storage

has been recognized as one of the safest form of storage for LPG.Mounded Bullets will be

submerged in ground and encased in four-sided retaining wall having a designed layer of earth

over the bullets.

Table -E.2:Salient Features of Proposed Expansion Project

Sr.

No.

Description Details

1 Total Land 32.56 acres

2 Capacity of Storage Tanks Type of Vessel/Status Nos Capacity Total


Sr.

No.

Description Details

Capacity

Existing Mounded

Bullets

3 300 MT 900 MT

Proposed Mounded

Bullets

2 600 MT 1200 MT

3 Power requirement 450 KW

Source: Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board

D.G Sets as Backup - 1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500

kVA

4 Water requirement Total water requirement approx. 15 m3/day including

domestic and fire water

Source: Existing tube wells.

No additional water requirement is envisaged with

proposed augmentation of storage capacity.

5 Man power Existing manpower= Permanent – 22; Temporary – 41,

Security - 21

No additional Manpower is envisaged with proposed

augmentation of storage capacity

6 Project Expansion Cost INR 21.70 Crores.

7 Fire Fighting Facilities

A Fire water storage 2 X 3700 m3

B Fire water pumps Diesel Driven Pumps of 5*410 kL/hr capacity

C Jockey pumps Electric motor driven 2*10 m3/hr capacity

C Water sprinkler / Deluge

system

At all relevant places (will be converted to auto sprinkler

system supported by PLC based ILSD)

D Fire Hydrant/monitor

piping network

As per prescribed OISD

E DCP & CO2 extinguishers As per prescribed OISD

F Gas Monitoring System As per prescribed OISD

G ILSD As per OISD-144

8 EMP costs Capital cost- Rs. 300 Lacs

Recurring cost – Rs. 21 lacs

Technology and Activity (Process) Description

There is no manufacturing process involved in the LPG Bottling Plant. The operations can be

divided into:


Receipt of LPG is by bulk truck from Jalandhar,Loni,etc

Storage of LPG in mounded bullets fabricated as per PESO standards

Filling of LPG in cylinder by carousel in domestic/ commercial/ industrial cylinders

Dispatch of packed LPG cylinder by packed trucks

The entire operation of RECEIPT, STORAGE, FILLING AND DISPATCH of LPG is

carried out in a closed system thereby eliminating risk of leakage of products and to achieve

enhanced safety. There is no chance of mixing LPG with atmosphere outside during normal

operations.

Table -E.3: Project Capacity

SN Product Existing (MT) Proposed (MT) Total (MT)

1 Storage of LPG

(Mounded Bullets)

3x300 -- 900

2 - 2x600 1200

Total 2100

Power Requirement

Power required for the existing operations is 450 KW contracted demand from Himachal

Pradesh State Electricity Board. D.G Sets are used of 1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500 kVA.

No additional power or DG Sets are required for proposed augmentation.

Water Supply

Total water requirement approx. 15 m3/day including domestic and fire water is being sourced

from existing tube wells from site and no additional requirement is envisaged with proposed

augmentation.

Table -E.4: Water Consumption

SN Description Water Consumption in

m3/day

Waste water generation and its

management

1 Domestic 7 Domestic wastewater generated is

being/will be treated in Sewage

Treatment Plant (Capacity 10KLD).

2 Cylinder washing 3 Effluent generated from cylinder

washing is being/will be treated in

ETP (Capacity 3 KL/D) and utilised

for greenbelt development.

3 Gardening 2+7* -

4 Fire Water Makeup 3 -

Total 15

* Treated waste water from

and ETP is being/will be used for green belt development at the LPG plant site.


Fire Fighting Facilities

Medium velocity Water Sprinkler system is available in product pump house, TLD

decantation Shed, Mounded Bullets, CR shed, Empty shed, Filling Shed and Filled Shed

as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD-144.

Firefighting system comprising of MVWS System & Fire hydrant ring on proposed LPG

Mounded Bullets shall be provided as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD-

150.

Provision of Fire hydrant piping network with intermittent deluge valves covering full

licensed area is available in line with OISD144 and shall be provided for proposed

augmentation as per OISD 150.

The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table E.5 and Schedule of Fire

Pumps have been provided in Table-E.6.

Table E.5: Details of Fire Tanks

SN Product Type of Tank Capacity

1 Existing Fire Water

Tank

Vertical Above ground cone roof 2 X 3700 m3

Table E-6: Schedule of Fire Pumps

SN Description Capacity Head

mWC

Nos of Pumps

Operating Standby

1 Main Pumps Diesel

Engine Driven 5x410 m3/hr 85m 3 2

2 Jockey Pumps Electrical

Driven 2x10 m3/hr 85m 1 1

Instrumentation and Automation

Instrumentation and Automation will be provided for the proposed Mounded Storage Vessels:

Tank Farm Management System: These shall comprise of automation of receipt of products.

Valve Automation system: The tank body Valves have been fitted with Electro-

pneumaticRemote Operated Valves (ROV) to be closed by bleeding air manually or by a

safety PLC in case of emergency.

Servo gauges: The gauges functions in remote for the tank inventory and tank shut down

procedures

Interlock Shutdown System has been provided per the provision of OISD 144.

Earthing system at grid.


Gas Monitoring system having sensors all over the license area to pre-warn slightest of

Leakage and MIMIC panel to communicate real time status

Access Control System: The system permits only authorized personnel to enter Plant.

Control Room with equipment: The control room monitors and logs all events pertaining to

the operation of the LPG BottlingPlanton real time basis.

Manpower

The total existing manpower LPG BP is 43 numbers of permanent staffs (Technical 22 numbers,

Security 21 numbers) and 41 numbers of temporary staffs. No additional requirement is

envisaged with proposed augmentation.

3.0 Description of Environment

The area around the LPG BottlingPlant has been surveyed for physical features and existing

environmental scenario. The field survey and baseline monitoring has been done from the period

of January 2017 to March 2017

3.1 Meteorology

The meteorological parameters were recorded on hourly basis during the study period near

proposed expansion site and the summary of meteorological datagenerated at site is presented in

following Table-E.7.

Table-E.7: Summary Of The Meteorological Data Generated At Site

Month Temperature, °C

Relative Humidity

%

Wind

Speed, m/s

Predominant

wind direction

Min Max Min Max Mean

January 2017 3 23 11 87 13.2 SE

February 2017 6 29 19 84 11.1 SE

March 2017 9 38 9 83 13.2 ESE

3.2 Air Environment

10 ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected in and around the project site and

studies were carried out as per CPCB standards. Levels of PM10and PM2.5 are found to exist in

the range of 72 to 96 µg/m3 and 18 to48µg/m

3respectively. Sulphur dioxide and Oxides of

Nitrogen are observed in therange of 2 to 8 µg/m3 and 3 to10 µg/m3respectively which are

wellwithin limits as per National Ambient Air Quality standards 2009.

3.3 Noise Environment

The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels at10 locations in the

study area. Day and night noise level at the industrial zone is 59 dB(A) and 46 dB(A)

respectively and for residential zone is 53 to 64 dB(A) and 44 to 52 dB(A) respectively, which

are well within the limits as per ambientnoise standards.

3.4 Water Environment


Ground Water Quality

The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 7.2 to 7.6, which is well within

the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5

Total hardness was observed to be ranging from 90 to 260 mg/l. The minimum hardness (90

mg/l) was recorded at GW2 and the maximum (260 mg/l) was recorded at GW1.

Chlorides were found to be in the range of 7 to 28 mg/l, the minimum concentration of

chlorides (8 mg/l) was observed at GW2, whereas the maximum value of 28 mg/l was

observed at GW1.

Sulphates were found to be in the range of 20 to 54 mg/l. The minimum value observed at

GW2 (20 mg/l) whereas the maximum value observed at GW5 (54 mg/l).

The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentrations were found to be ranging in between 150 to

320 mg/l, the minimum TDS observed at GW5 (150 mg/l) and maximum concentration of

TDS observed at GW1 (320 mg/l).

Iron is found in between 0.12 to 0.20 mg/l and Zinc found in between 1.6 to 2.4 mg/l.

Surface Water Quality

The analysis results indicate that the pH values in the range of 7.1 to 7.2

DO was observed to be in the range of 4.2 to 5 mg/l.

The TDS was observed in the range of 120 to 125 mg/l, the minimum TDS value was

observed at SW2, and where as maximum value was observed at SW1.

The chlorides and Sulphates were found to be in the range of 3 to 5 mg/l and 42 to 55 mg/l,

respectively.

Total hardness expressed as CaCO3 ranges between 40 to 58 mg/l.

The calcium & magnesium were found to be in the range of 12 to 14 mg/l and 3.2 to 3.5

mg/l, respectively. zinc is found in between 2.1 to 3 mg/l.

3.5 Soil Quality

A total of seven samples within the study area were collected and analysed. It has been observed

that the texture of soil is mostly Sandy Clay in the study area. It has been observed that the pH of

the soil quality ranged from 7.1 to 8.2indicating that the soil is slightly alkaline in nature. The

electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 370 to 420 mmhos/cm.

3.6 Ecology and Biodiversity

As per records of the forest Department there are no Wildlife sanctuaries,National

parks/biosphere reserves and migratory corridors of important species inthe study area. As per

the records of the Botanical Survey of India there are noplants of conservation importance in the

study area. It can be concluded that thereare no endangered species in the study area as per the

Wildlife Protection Act,1972.

3.8 Socio Economics

The total population of the study area as per the Census of 2011 is 395,083. The percentages of

male, female population are51%,and49% respectively. The sex ratio of the area is 957 (females)


per 1000 (Males): The sex ratio for the study area is very low as compared to the sex ratio of the

Una district (977) and the state (972). There are about 54,008households in the study area. The

average family size is about 5 persons per household.

4.0. Anticipated Environment Impacts and Environment Management Plan

Land/Soil Environment Impact Mitigation

During construction phase the top soil will be stored carefully and will be used again after

construction/installation phase is over so as to restore the fertility of project site. During

operation phase, as the complete system is closed loop, no leakage is envisaged and hence

negligible impact on the topography during operation phase.

Air Impact Mitigation

The emission anticipated during construction period will include fugitive dust due to excavation

of soil, levelling of soil, use of DG sets, movement of heavy construction equipment/vehicles,

site clearing and other activities. Also, water sprinkling shall be carried out to suppress fugitive

dust during earthworks and along unpaved sections of access roads. During operational phase the

facility has already been equipped with leak detection systems and shall be extended further to

the augmented mounded bullets system. The air environment has minimal impact due to truck

movement for receipt and dispatch.

Noise Impact Mitigation

Noise is generated from operation of pumps, blowers and DG sets and during vehicular

movement. The mitigation measures have been implemented like acoustic enclosures for DG

Sets as per CPCB guidelines, provision of ear plugs for labour in high noise area, green belts and

landscaping have been developed which act as noise buffer.

Water Impact Mitigation

Avoid unwanted wastage of water and use of tanker water for construction activity. Wastewater

generated will be continued to be recycled/ reused during operation of the LPG Plant and rain

water harvesting shall be further promoted.

Ecology and Biodiversity Impact Mitigation

It is plans to strengthen and maintain the extensive green belt encompassing minimum 33% of

plot area. The probability and consequences of significant ecological impacts occurring as a

result of the operation of the facility are considered to be almost negligible. Municipal solid

waste will be continued to be disposed through local bodiesandused spent oil from D.G. set is

sold to HPPCB Authorized recyclers. Hence no impact on flora and fauna is envisaged.

Moreover, there are no reserve forest and protected areas within 10 km radius. There will be no

effluent discharge in the water body. Thus, domestic wastewater generated at the LPG plant is


being /will be treated in Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Hence there is no impact on the aquatic

biota present in vicinity of project site.

Socio-Economic Environment Impact Mitigation

The construction of the proposed augmentation is expected to provide temporary indirect

employment to a good number of skilled and unskilled workers. The project will contribute to

the socio-economic development of the area at the local level in turn reducing migration for

employment. Hence the proposed augmentation project will have positive impact on the socio-

economic environment.

5.0 Environmental Monitoring Programme

It is imperative that the IOCL shall continue to monitor environmental health, post clearance.

It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.

It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations,

and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.

Detailed EMP plan during construction and operation phase is given chapter 6 of EIA/EMP

report.

6.0 Project Benefits

To cater the domestic as well as non-domestic LPG demand, Bulk LPG and Auto LPG demand

of Unaand surrounding districts.

7.0 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan

The maximum tolerable IR is 1.0 x 10-3 per year, whilst an IR of 1.0 x 10-6 per year is regarded

as broadly acceptable. An IR falling between these values is within the ALARP region of risk

acceptability and must be demonstrated to be as low as reasonably practicable

Flammable Gas Dispersion: The flammable cloud dispersion distances (LFL) are more in case

of full bore rupture of LPG Mounded Bullets. It goes up to approximately 450m for5Dwind

condition.

Radiation Distances due to Pool Fire: In case of Fireball for gas facility, in the event of loss of

containment of LPG from 600MT Mounded Bullets, the Fireball radiation distances for 4kW/m2

radiation goes up to approx. 1350 m for 5D wind condition.

Radiation Distances due to Jet Fire: Jet fire is a credible scenario for gas facility, in the event

of loss of containment from LPG pump discharge, the jet fire radiation distances for 4kW/m2

radiation goes up to approx. 433m for 2F wind condition

8.0 Conclusions


The proposed augmentation project will have certain level of marginal impacts on the local

environment. However, it would also generate indirect employmentgeneration, improve the

social and economic environment in the vicinity and meets the fuel need of the state.

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of the Report

As per Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September 2006, the proposed

augmentation comes under Item No. 6(b) of Category ‗B‘. However, the Plant Site is located

within 5 km of Interstate boundary i.ePunjab and Himanchal Pradesh (0.24 km towards west

direction and 0.35 km towards north direction) and hence falls under Category ‗A‘ as per EIA

Notification 2006 of MOEF&CC for which Environmental Clearance (EC) from Ministry of

Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MOEF&CC) is necessary.

The application for EC (Form-1 and PFR) was submitted to MOEF&CC New Delhi on

13.01.2017 and the same was reviewed by the Expert Appraisal Committee held on28.03.2017

(21stmeeting of Industry -2). TOR has been issued by MOEF&CC vide letter No. J-

11011/80/2017-IA. II(I) dated31.05.2017. A copy of the letter giving thedetails of the TOR and

its compliance is enclosed as Annexure-I. This EIA reportis prepared in line with TOR

conditions recommended by EAC committee (IND-2).

Ultratech, Environmental Consultancy & LaboratoriesThane, has been retained by IOCL to

undertake anEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for various environmental

components,which may be affected due to the proposed augmentation project.

The public hearing for the proposedaugmentation project at village Raipur

Sohran,MehatpurinUna District, H.P has been conducted by HPSPCB on 30-01-2018 asper

Environment Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September2006 and as per TOR

conditions issued by MOEF&CC, and the details areprovided in Chapter-7.

1.2 Introduction of Project and Project Proponent

M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government of India enterprise with a Navratna

status, and a Fortune 500 and Forbes 2000 company. Incorporated as IOCL on 1st September,

1964 Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for approximately 48% petroleum products market

share, 34% national refining capacity and 71% downstream sector pipelines capacity in India. It

is India‘s flagship national oil company and downstream petroleum major thus being India‘s

largest commercial enterprise. As the flagship national oil company in the downstream sector,

Indian Oil reaches precious petroleum products to millions of people every day through a

countrywide network of about 35,000 sales points. They are backed for supplies by 167 bulk

storage terminals and depots, 101 aviation fuel stations and 91Indane (LPG) bottling plants.

Indian Oil's vast marketing infrastructure of petrol/diesel stations, Indane (LPG) distributorships,

SERVO lubricants and greases outlets and large volume consumer pumps are backed by bulk


storage terminals and installations, inland depots, aviation fuel stations, LPG bottling plants and

lube blending plants amongst others. The countrywide marketing operations are coordinated by

16 State Offices and over 100 decentralized administrative offices

IOCL is a premier public-sector company in the Oil & Gas Sector and is engaged in the business

of refining and retailing of petroleum products including LPG in the country. It is the leading

Indian corporate in the Fortune 'Global 500' listing, ranked at the 168th

position in the year 2017.

IOCL is having about 91 LPG bottling plants, which serve every corner of the country. Indane

(the trade name of LPG of IOCL) is supplied to the consumers through a network of about 5,456

distributors (51.8% of the industry). The growth in demand of LPG for domestic purpose is

increasing at a rapid pace.

Bulk Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is received in a bullet tanker – truck from IOCL Jalandhar

and Loniunloaded by using vapor compressors and stored in Mounded Bullets. The empty

cylinders are unloaded in the unloading shed and sent by means of conveyors to the carousel for

filling them with LPG. LPG is filled in cylinders of capacity 5 kg,14.2 kg, 19.0 kg and 47.5 kg.

LPG from the storage area is pumped to the filling machine by means of LPGpumps for filling

the cylinders. After filling cylinders and subsequent checks, the filled cylinders are sent tothe

filled cylinder shed and loaded on to the trucks for dispatch to the LPG distributors to use for

house holdand industrial purposes. The details of the Project and Proponents are as mentioned in

Table 1.1(a).

Table 1.1(a): Project and Project Proponent Description

Name of Project Proposed augmentation in LPG Bulk Storage capacity at

LPG Bottling Plant atRaipur SahoranMehatpur, Una,

Himachal Pradesh by M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited

Name, contact number and

address of Project Proponent

M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited

Shri Manoj Kumar Pangtey

Ch. Mgr(LPG-E), PSO

Indian Oil Corporation Limited,

Punjab State Office,

Indian Oil Bhavan, Plot No. 3A, Sector-19A,

Madhya Marg, Chandigarh - 160 019

Location of the Project

Village : Raipur Sahoran

District : Una

Taluka : Una

State : Himachal Pradesh

Latitude : 31°23'43.72"N

Longitude : 76°19'40.43"E


Name, contact number

andaddress of Consultant

Environmental Consultants:

M/s. Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory

(An ISO 9001-2008 Company, Accredited by NABET, Lab:

recognized by MOEF&CC, GoI)

Unit No. 206, 224, 225, Jai Commercial Complex,

Eastern Express Highway, Opp. Cadbury Factory,

Khopat, Thane (W) – 400601

Tel.: 91-22-25342776, 25380198, 25331438

Fax : 91-22-25429650

Email: [email protected]

Website:www.ultratech.in

Size of project activity 13.17 ha (32.56 acres)

Plant Overview 1. LPG bottling plant

2. Distribute bulk products by road (by tank lorries)

Category of Project i.e. ‗A‘ or

‗B‘

Category ‗A‘

Capacity Proposed augmentation from 900 MT storage capacities of

LPG to 2100 MT by installing 2x600 (1200 MT) of

additional LPG Mounded Bullets

1.3 Need for Project Activity

Liquid LPG is a clean fuel and is extensively used as cooking fuel in India. Due to increase in

urbanization and improved quality of life the demand for its consumption is increasing. In order

to increase its new customer base and to serve the existing customers in a better way M/s Indian

Oil Corporation Ltd. are augmenting their existing bottling plants and adding 2x600 (1200 MT)

of additional LPG Mounded Bullets. With the present LPG Bottling facilities in Himachal

Pradesh, IOCL is unable to meet the growing demand of LPG in the State.

As per the installed capacity, plant can bottle around 250 MT per day. Therefore, the existing

tankage of 900 MT provides a cover equivalent to bottling of around 4 days. Moreover, with

increase in demand in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, there will be a need to operate the plant in

two shifts, which will further reduce the cover to 2 days.

Bulk LPG to the BP is positioned by road tankers which are loaded primarily from Loni BP near

Delhi which is at a distance of about 350 kms from Una. In the event of non-availability of

product at Loni, either due to high demand at other plants/markets or any technical constraint in

JLPL, bulk LPG supplies to Una BP is executed from alternate sources e.g. Jaipur, Dumad,

Kandla or Jamnagar, which are at a distance higher than Loni. This may result in non-availability

of product at Una if sufficient stock at plant is not maintained.

The existing tankage at Una BP is sufficient for bottling of around 4 days. Any disruption in

supplies either due to non-availability of product may result in dry out.

http://www.ultratech.in/


In view of the foregoing, IOCL has proposed for provision of augmentation with 2 x 600 MT of

mounded bullets at existing Una LPG BP. The augmentation of the storage capacity of Bottling

Plant is estimated to cost 21.70 crores.

1.4 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project

The project activity isaugmentation in LPG Bulk Storage capacity at LPG Bottling Plant at

Raipur SahoranMehatpur, Una. As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification

dated 14th

September, 2006 as amended, the proposed augmentation project falls under 'Type 6b -

Isolated Storage and Handling of Hazardous Chemicals’ (As per threshold planning quantity

indicated in column 3 of schedule 2 and 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 amended 2000), which requires

preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report.

This EIA Report addresses the environmental impacts of the proposed augmentation project and

proposes the mitigation measures for the same. The report is prepared, based on the Standard

Terms of Reference (ToR) for EIA/EMP Report for Projects requiring Environmental Clearance

(EC) for Isolated Storage & Handling of Hazardous Chemicals project by Ministry of

Environment & Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) NewDelhi , GOI.

The Bottlingplant is located at Raipur SahoranMehatpurUna district in Himachal Pradesh.

Thetotalplot area of the LPG Plant facility is approximately 13.17hectare (32.56 acres). The

proposed augmentation shall be carried out within the existing premises of the Bottling Plant.

The site is easily accessible by road. The nearest railway station is RaiMehatpurRailway Station

at approximately 0.4km. The nearest airport is Chandigarh Airport at about 118Km.The details

of environmental setting are given in Table 1.1(b). The location map is shown in Figure -1.1.

Further, 10 km radius study area map and Google map are given in figure 1.2 and Figure -1.3

respectively.

Table 1.1(b): Environmental Setting around Project Site


1. Name of Project Proposed augmentation in LPG Bulk

Storage capacity at LPG Bottling Plant

atRaipur SahoranMehatpur, Una, Himachal

Pradesh by M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

2. Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited

3. Plant location Mehatpur, Una, Himachal Pradesh by M/s

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

4. Coordinates A:31°23'55.08"N, 76°19'39.81"E

B: 31°23'37.44"N, 76°19'48.13"E

C: 31°23'35.70"N, 76°19'42.22"E

D: 31°23'38.69"N, 76°19'41.53"E

E: 31°23'38.75"N, 76°19'32.66"E



F: 31°23'49.45"N, 76°19'35.62"E

5. General elevation above MSL 1220 ft

6. Nearest highways NH 503 – 1.47 km(E)

7. Present land use at the site Land use pattern is notified for industrial use

8. Nearest railway station RaiMehatpur Railway Station: 0.4 km (N)

9. Nearest Airport Chandigarh Airport: 118 km (SSE)

10. Nearest major water bodies Satluj Lake: 3.5 Km, E

Nangal Dam: 10.0 Km, E

Soan River (ributaries of river Satluj)

11. Nearest town/City Nearest City -Nangal:8 km (ESE)

District HQ Una: 12 km

12. Interstate boundary Punjab and Himanchal Pradesh boundary -

0.24 km towards west direction and 0.35 km

towards north direction.

13. Archaeologically important places None within 10 km

14. Protected areas as per Wildlife

Protection Act, 1972 (Tiger reserve,

Elephant reserve, Biospheres,

National parks, Wildlife

sanctuaries, community reserves

and conservation reserves)

None within 10 km

15. Reserved / Protected Forests None within 10 km

16. Defence Installations None within 10 km

17. Seismicity The proposed augmentation project is

located in Seismic Zone IV as per IS: 1893

and all designs will be as per IS Codes

18. Industries Swiss Garnier HP: 2.5 km, NE

Tahliwal Joshi Industries: 7.8 Km,

SW

The SukhjitAgro Industries: 8.2 Km,

SSW

Atul Automotive Safety Glass

Industries : 9 Km, SSW

Kalgidhar Furniture Industries: 8

Km, NNW.

National Fertilizer Limited, Nangal :

5 KM, SE.

PACL, Nangal :3 KM, SE


Project Site


Figure 1.1: Location Map

Figure 1.2: 10 Km Study Area Map-IOCL Plant


Figure-1.3 Google Map

1.5 Scope of the Study

The scope of the study broadly includes:

To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out

the proposed development

To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its

surroundings


To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be

affected by the project

To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction

and operation phase of the project

To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to

suggest the management plan for the same

Details about conservation of resources

To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the

implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted

To access risk during construction and operation phase and formulate the disaster

management plan onsite and offsite

To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate Environmental Management

Plan (EMP)

To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program

1.6 Applicable Environmental Regulations

With respect to prevention and control of environmental pollution, the following Acts and Rules

of Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India govern the proposed

expansion/augmentation project:

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended in 1988

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended in 1987

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991 and Environment (Protection) rules,

1986 and amendments thereafter

The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016

Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.

The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989

E- Waste (Management) Amendment Rules, 2018

The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended

EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 as amended

1.7 Structure of EIA Report

EIA report contains baseline data, project description and assessment of impacts and preparation

of Environmental Management Plan and Disaster Management Plan. The report is organized in

following ten chapters:

Executive Summary

This chapter describes the summary of the environmental impact assessmentstudies.

Chapter 1: Introduction


This chapter describes objectives and methodology for EIA.

Chapter 2: Project Description

This chapter gives a brief description of the existing facilities and infrastructure required for

augmentation etc. This chapter also gives outline of status of completion of construction

activities as this is an augmentation project

Chapter 3: Description of the Environment

This chapter presents details of the baseline environmental status for microclimate, air quality,

noise, traffic, water quality, soil quality, flora, fauna and socio-economic status etc.

Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures

This chapter discusses the possible sources of pollution and environmental impacts due to the

project during construction and operation phases and suggests the mitigation measures.

5. Analysis of Alternative Sites and Technology

This chapter describes the analysis of various alternative sites and the technology required for the

project.

6. Environmental Monitoring Program

This chapter provides recommendations for Environment Management Plan (EMP)including

mitigation measures for minimizing the negative environmental impacts of the project.

Environmental monitoring requirements for effective implementation ofmitigative measures

during construction as well as during operation of the projectalong with required institutional

arrangements for their implementation. Budgetarycost estimates for mitigation measures are also

brought out.

Chapter 7: Additional Studies

This chapter covers information about Public Consultation and Risk Assessment Studies for the

construction and operation phase, the safety precautions that are taken during construction phase.

Chapter 8: Project Benefits

This chapter presents the benefits from this project.

Chapter 9: Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis

Chapter 10: Environmental Management Plan

This chapter deals with the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed

augmentation Project and indicates measures proposed to minimize the likely impacts on the

environment during construction and operation phases and budgetary allocation for the same.

Chapter 11: Disclosure of Consultants

This chapter deals with the details of consultants engaged and the NABET accreditation details

of environmental consultants.


CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DISCRIPTION

2.1 Type of project

Una LPG Bottling Plant (BP) operates strictly as a storage & packing facility for LPG. No by-

products / additional products are generated / manufactured during the operations. The proposed

augmentation enhances the storage capacity of LPG from 900 MT to 2100 MT. Hence, the

present proposal is classified under Schedule 6(b) & Category ‗B‘ according to EIA Notification

2006 & subsequent amendments.

2.2 Need and Justification of the Project

Liquid LPG is a clean fuel and is extensively used as cooking fuel in India. Due to increase in

urbanization and improved quality of life the demand for its consumption is increasing. In order

to increase its new customer base and to serve the existing customers in a better way M/s Indian

Oil Corporation Ltd. are augmenting their existing bottling plants and setting up new plants.

With the present LPG Bottling facilities in Himachal Pradesh, IOCL is unable to meet the

growing demand of LPG in the State. As per the installed capacity, plant can bottle around 250

MT per day. Therefore, the existing tankage of 900 MT provides a cover equivalent to bottling of

around 4 days. Moreover, with increase in demand in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, there will

be a need to operate the plant in two shifts, which will further reduce the cover to 2-3 days.

Bulk LPG to the BP is positioned by road tankers which are loaded primarily from Loni BP near

Delhi which is at a distance of about 350 kms from Una. In the event of non-availability of

product at Loni, either due to high demand at other plants/markets or any technical constraint in

JLPL, bulk LPG supplies to Una BP is executed from alternate sources e.g. Jaipur, Dumad,

Kandla or Jamnagar, which are at a distance higher than Loni. This may result in non-availability

of product at Una if sufficient stock at plant is not maintained. The existing tankage at Una BP is

sufficient for bottling of around 4 days. Any disruption in supplies either due to non-availability

of product may result in dry out. In view of the foregoing, IOCL has proposed for provision of

augmentation with 2nos of mounded bullets with 600 MT (each) capacities at Una LPG BP. The

augmentation of the storage capacity of Bottling Plant is estimated to cost 21.70crores.

2.3 Layout

No additional land is proposed to be acquired for the augmentation/expansion project. About

2016 sq. mt. of land is required for the construction of additional mounded storage vessels which

shallbe accommodated within the vacant area available in the existing plant premises of32.56

acres (131765 sqmt) ofIOCL.

The plant layout showing the location of various units of existing as well asproposed mounded

storage Bulletsis shown in Figure-2.1. The land use breakup of the project area is given in Table-

2.1.


Table-2.1: Land Break Up of Project area (land)

Sl.

No

Particulars Existing After Expansion

Area

(SQM)

Percentage

(%)

Area

(SQM)

Percentage

(%)

1 Plant Area, Office Area, and

housing (all covered area)

7537 5.72 7537 5.72

2 Car Parking Area 100 0.08 100 0.08

3 Green Belt Area 43500 33.02 43500 33.02

4 Mounded Bullet Area 1100 0.83 3116 2.36

5 Open Area and others Total 79528 60.35 77512 58.82

a) Truck parking area. 7650 5.81 7650 5.81

b) Fire water tanks 760 0.57 760 0.57

c) Approach roads, Paved

areas and other misc. area

71118 53.97 69102 52.44

Total Plot Area 131765 100 131765 100

Layout plan of the bottling plant including existing and proposed facilities have been given

inFigure 2.1 and also as Annexure II.

The design considerations for the site layout of the proposed augmentation project are provided

as below:

Design Parameters: Temperature, Pressure, Internal Corrosion, Hydro Test Pressure

Design Procedure: As per the Design Code: ASME SEC. VIII or equivalent duly approved

by PESO.

Piping layout is as per OISD-150. One liquid line, one vapour line, 2no‘s SRVs, ROVs on

liquid and vapour lines


Figure 2.1: Layout Showing Existing and Proposed Storage Facilities


2.4 Salient Features of the Project

The salient features of the Una LPG BP are presented in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2: Salient Features of Existing /Proposed facility

Sr. No. Description Details

1 Total Land 32.56 acres

2 Capacity of Storage

Tanks

Type of

Vessel/Status

Nos Capacity Total

Capacity

Existing Mounded

Bullets

3 300 MT 900 MT

Proposed Mounded

Bullets

2 600 MT 1200 MT

3 Power requirement 450 KW

Source: Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board

D.G Sets as Backup - 1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA

and 1x500 kVA

4 Water requirement Total water requirement approx. 15 m3/day

Source: Existing tube wells from site.

No additional water requirement is envisaged

with proposed augmentation of storage capacity.

5 Man power Existing manpower= Permanent – 22; Temporary

– 41, Security - 21

No additional Manpower is envisaged with

proposed augmentation of storage capacity

6 Project Expansion

Cost

INR 21.70 Crores.

7 Cost towards

environment

protection

INR 300 lakhs

8 Fire Fighting Facilities

A Fire water storage 2 X 3700 m3

B Fire water pumps Diesel Driven Pumps of 5*410 kL/hr capacity

C Jockey pumps Electric motor driven 2*10 m3/hr capacity

C Water sprinkler /

Deluge system

At all relevant places (will be converted to auto

sprinkler system supported by PLC based ILSD)

D Fire Hydrant/monitor

piping network


E DCP As per prescribed OISD


Sr. No. Description Details

&CO2extinguishers

F Gas Monitoring

System


G ILSD As per OISD-144

Source: IOCLUna BP

2.4.1 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation

The construction of LPG storage and related activities will commence on receipt of

Environmental Clearance (EC) from MOEF&CC, and Consent to Establish (CTE) from HPPCB

and other statutory approvals/NOCs as required. It is envisaged that construction activities will

take 12-15 months post the necessary approvals.

2.4.2 Land use

The proposedaugmentation will be carried out within the existing facilities of LPG BP at Una.

The site earmarked for proposed augmentationcurrently vacant. There is no change in land use.

2.5 Process Description

2.5.1 LPG Receipt and Storage

Bulk LPG is being received through road tankers of approx. 18 MT capacities from

IOCLJalandhar, Loni etc.

2.5.2 Unloading

LPG in road tankers will be unloaded in TLD shed comprising 8 nos. of unloading bays. LPG

will be unloaded from the road tanker by differential pressure method. During LPG unloading,

vapour from one storage bullet will be sucked and will be compressed in LPG compressor. The

compressed LPG vapour will be fed to bulk tanker to pressurize it and LPG (Liquid) will be

transferred from the road tanker to the Bullet.

After LPG unloading, the compressor suction will be reversed by changing the valve position

and LPG vapour will be recovered from road tanker through the same compressor and

discharged till the suction pressure of tanker is approximately1.5 Kg/cm2.

2.5.3 LPG Pump House

LPG Pumps

Vertical Can Type LPG pumps will take suction from bottom of Mounded Bullets and deliver

liquid to carousal for filling in empty cylinders.

LPG Vapour Compressors

Total three compressors of Capacity- 2*150cfm each and 1*65cfmhave been provided. The

compressor is used for unloading of LPG from road tankers by pressurization and thereafter for


recovery of LPG vapour from the road tankers when unloading will be complete. The

compressor will be equipped with a suction receiver (knock out drum) to trap any condensed

liquid.

2.5.4 Air Compressor and Air-Drying Unit

2 nos. of reciprocating type compressor and one lubricated type screw type Air compressor

provided for supply of compressed air for plant requirement as well as for preparation of

instrument air at a press of 5-6.5 Kg/cm2a. Compressed air shall be generally required as plant

air/service air and a part of the compressed air passes through air drying unit for generation of

instrument air at 5.6.5 Kg/cm2a and relative humidity at -15ºC. Instrument air will be required

for LPG handling and filling system, operation of instruments including ROVs and thermal fuse

bulbs etc. The air compressor and air-drying unit are located at a sufficient distance from LPG

handling facilities.

2.5.5 LPG Cylinder filling and associated facilities

Empty cylinders from empty cylinder storage shed are drawn in the filling shed by chain

conveyer. LPG will be filled by means of rotary machines called "Carousel". The carousel

consists of a rotating frame with running wheels on rail (and corresponding rail), a central

column for gas and air and which rotates with the carousel frame a hydraulic driving unit. The

speed of the driving unit will be variable so that the rotation of the carousel can be adapted to

various filling capacities. The carousel will be equipped with 24 filling guns‘ filling machines

mounted on the carousel works on gross weighing principle. The machine will be preset for the

net filling required in the cylinders. The cylinders are placed on the machine and the filling head

will be connected to the cylinder valve and LPG supply valve opens. The operator punches rate

of each incoming LPG cylinders and filling machine of the corresponding cylinder will be

adjusted for the respective tare weight of the cylinders. Remaining the filled LPG weight contant,

the filing gets automatically cut off when the total gross weight (Adjusted Tare weight + contant

LPG weight) reaches.

Checking of weight and Leak testing

After filling, every cylinder will be checked for its weight on a check weighing scale and the

cylinders having less or more weight are segregated and are sent through a integrated weight

correction unit. The cylinders are checked for valve leakage by Gas Detector and ‖O‖-Ring leak

by Pressure Tester, then checking for body and bung leaks by totally submerging cylinders under

water as per prevailing practice. After leak testing, sample of cylinders are segregated for

Statistical Quality Checking (SQC), then cylinders are sent to filled cylinder storage shed by

means of chain conveyers for loading in the packed trucks.

Air removal from cylinders and LPG vapour filling - Purging Unit


This unit will be required to fill LPG vapour in cylinders (new and repaired) after sucking the air

from cylinders by vacuum pumps. This operation is required to eliminate the possibility of

forming explosive mixture with air. Vacuum will be created upto 300 mm of Hg inside the

cylinder and then LPG vapour will be injected into the cylinder up to a pressure of 1.5 to 2

kg/cm2g before using them for filling of LPG.

Evacuation of leaky cylinders

Defective valves of LPG Cylinders shall be replaced by using Valve Change without Evacuation

Unit. In this unit the defective valves are replaced without evacuating the LPG from the defective

cylinders.

Storage of filled cylinders and transportation

Filled cylinders after leak testing, weight testing and fixing safety caps will be stacked in the

filled cylinder shed near the delivery end as per rules laid down by OISD-144/Gas Cylinder

Rules, 1981. Filled cylinders will be delivered only to the PESO approved godown of authorized

LPG distributors. Drivers of the trucks carrying LPG shall have valid license and training in

safety and fire fighting procedures.

Note: Whole filling shed are comes under the network of medium velocity sprinkler system

2.6 Process Flow Chart

There is no manufacturing process involved in the LPG bottling plant. The process involved can

be divided into 4 Stages as below and as shown in Figure 2.2:

Receiptof Bulk LPG through LPG bulk trucks.

Storage of LPG in mounded storage vessel tanks as per OISD-150.

Filling of the LPG into cylinders (domestic/ commercial/ industrial).

Dispatch of LPG cylinders through Vehicles (Packed cylinder Truck


Receipt of LPG by Bulk Truck

Transfer of LPG in existing 3X300 MT and

proposed 2 x 600 MT Mounded Storage Vessel

Cylinders are filled up by

Operating LPG Pumps

14.2 kg & 19 Kg Cylinder are filled by weight through Carousals, 47.5 Kg

cylinders filled through unit filling machine tested for weight and leakages

and sealed before dispatch.

Bottling of LPG Cylinder at

filling shed

Dispatch of filled LPG cylinder in Packed

Truck

Figure 2.2: Process Flow Chart

2.7 Infrastructure at the Facility

2.7.1 Description of Mounded Bullets

The mounded storage of LPG has proved to be safer compared to above ground storage vessels

since it provides intrinsically passive and safe environment and eliminates the possibility of

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). The cover of the mound protects the

vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in close proximity and acts of sabotage or

vandalism. The area of land required to locate a mounded system is minimal compared to

conventional storage. Excavation up to a depth of 0.75 m is done for construction of mounded

bullet foundation (below FGL). Cathodic protection through sacrificial anode method has been

provided for all the three bullets to prevent them from corrosion.

A typical drawing of the mounded bullets system is as shown in Figure 2.3.


Figure 2.3: Typical Mounded Bullet System

2.7.2 Parking Lot

The proposed Bottling Plant has provided facility for approximately 20 Bulk Tank Trucks (TT)

and 65Packed Truck Parking Area.

2.8 Fire Prevention System

The gas leak detection, fire prevention and control system implemented at Una LPG Bottling

Plant complies with the norms prescribed under OISD 144 and OISD 150. The following are the

systems which are provided at Una LPG Bottling Plant: -

Gas Monitoring System: The system consists of gas detecting sensors linked to a computerized

processing unit and with alarm panels at control room, filing shed, plant manager‘s cabin as well

as security gate having audio / visual alarms and MIMIC Panel to alert the plant personnel. The

sensors are located at all sensitive or potential hazard areas in the plant as indicated in OISD 144.

Air/Vapor Extraction System: It is a blower with ducts extended to different operating points

in filling shed. The blower extracts any leaking LPG vapor from the floor level and cold flares

the same to the free atmosphere at the height of 1.5 meter from the highest points of eves of the

shed. This system is interlocked with filling system, such that the blower has to be started before

the carousel is started for filling operation. Blower runs during filling operation continuously. A

standby blower is also given to meet situations where one of the blowers is out of order. In this


way there is no accumulation of LPG at plant floor level and any minor leaks due to operation is

immediately evacuated and not allowed to reach the lower explosive limit.

Remote (Control) Operated Valves: These are pneumatically operated quick shut off valves

provided on LPG pipelines (in liquid line) connected to LPG equipment (like storage vessels,

carousel, TLD lines) with actuating points located both remotely and nearer to operating

facilities in plant. When actuated, the valves will close within 30 seconds, stopping the flow of

LPG in pipelines. Besides, in case of leakage of LPG through flange joint or rupture of pipeline,

the Excess Flow Check Valve are operated restricting the leakage of LPG to the sections

between two Gate Valves in LPG pipe line and the LPG in upstream area and the storage bullet

area is cut off from the leaking point, thereby preventing major leakage or fire.

High Level Alarm: This kind of alarm is installed in bullets. In case of filling of more than 85 %

the alarm will be actuated at Pump House and remote operated valves installed in storage vessel

will close the flow of LPG to vessel. The actuation of remote operated valve and alarm is

interlocked with the level of LPG liquid in vessel.

Fire Hydrant Network: All round the plant in licensed and non-licensed area there are fire

water line ring network. In both licensed &non-licensed area there are intermittent fire hydrants

and water monitors in a specific distance. Further in licensed area there are deluge valve in all

critical areas (called as fire zones), as per OISD 144. MV sprinkler system can be operated from

deluge valves.

Emergency Trip Buttons and Manual call Points: These emergency push buttons are provided

at strategic places in the plant. In case of emergency, when the emergency trip button is actuated

action takes place as specified in the clause 11.11 of OISD 144 which involves tripping of

electricity to all the operating equipment in the hazardous area of the plant, closure of all remote

operated valves on the LPG pipelines and sounding of siren. Operation of manual call point will

denote an abnormal situation alerting the plant personnel and will involve the sounding of siren

only. An annunciator panel installed at manned control room will indicate the location from

where Manual Call Point is actuated. These points are provided at strategic locations in the plant.

Medium Velocity Spray System : This sprinkle system is provided in the operating areas of

hazardous areas of plant like sheds involving filling, storage and operation on cylinders, tank

lorry decantation shed, expose flanges of mounded storage, LPG pump house, etc., as per the

specifications given in OISD 144 / 150.

Adequate storage of fire water in exclusive above ground tanks is maintained as per the fire

water calculation. There is a fire water pipeline system which is constantly kept pressurized with

a minimum of 7 kg per cmsquare at farthest point using jockey pumps which start and stop

automatically at preset pressures. The fire water pipeline is connected to the MV spray system


through deluge valves where an air water balance is maintained. The MV Spray system is

equipped with a quartzite bulb fire detection system. When the temperature reaches 79º C the

bulb will be burst releasing the air water balance at the deluge valve and thereby starting the

sprinkling of water. This will reduce the pressure in the pipeline which will actuate the fire water

pumps by a preset mechanical pressure switch. This process will repeat until other fire pump

start and same will stabilize when quantum of fire water as per designed scenario of firefighting

is achieved.Thus, the entire system of fire protection is automatic.

Interlock Shut Down System: As per OISD 144 all the plant has Inter Locked Shut Down

System (ILSD) in place. It is a combination of synchronised activity to control a emergency

situation in a far better way. In the plant with ILSD if fire water started at any point by any of the

4icases of actuation of sprinkler either by bursting of quartzite bulb, or operating sprinkler

manually, all plant machineries will trip electrically, electric siren will be sounded, fire engine

will be started, all remote operated valve in liquid LPG line will be closed and emergency light

will be activated (at night). This system is called Interlocked Shut down System. Apart from that

zone of emergency will be indicated in annuciator panel at control room.

List of existing and proposed firefightingequipment‘s are shown in the following table:

Table 2.3: List of Fire Fighting Equipment’s

Location in side plant

Description of safety

equipment

Available

quantity

Proposed

addition after

commissioning

of MSV

Bulk Storage Area-Vessel DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 6 4

Bulk Storage Area DCP Extinguisher 75 KG 1 1

Cyl. Filling / Storage shed-10

Kg DCP DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 39 -

Cyl. Filling / Storage shed-75

Kg DCP DCP Extinguisher 75 KG 3 -

LPG Pump House DCP 10 KG DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 10 -

LPG Pump House DCP 75 KG DCP Extinguisher 75 KG 1 -

TTL BAY DCP 10 KG DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 8 -

TTL BAY DCP 75 KG DCP Extinguisher 75 KG 1 -

Fire Pumps DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 3 -

Consumer Pumps DCP 10 KG DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 2 -




equipment

Available

quantity

Proposed

addition after

commissioning

of MSV

Consumer Pumps CO2 4.5 KG

CO2- FireExtinguisher 4.5

KG 2 -

Consumer Pumps SAND

BUCKETS 9 LIT 9 LIT Sand Bucket & Stand 2 -

Office / stores DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 3 -

Canteen DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 3 -

Computer Room

CO2- Fire Extinguisher 2.0

KG 2 -

Office cabin


KG 5 -

MCC/DG room/ HT room CO2

4.5 KG


KG 6 -

MCC/DG room/ HT room

SAND BUCKET 9 LIT 9 LIT Sand Bucket & Stand 8 -

Transformer CO2 Fire Extinguisher 6.5 kg 1 -

Fire water Hoses In Hose

Boxes Fire Hoses 40 -

Fire water Hoses In Store Fire Hoses 13 -

Jet noz_store Jet Nozzle 6 -

Jet noz_Hose Box Jet Nozzle 20 -

Jet noz_Fire Trolley Jet Nozzle 2 -

Water curtain nozzles Water Curtain Nozzles 4 -

Triple Purpose nozzle Tripple Action Nozzle 2 -

Universal Nozzle Universal Nozzles 6 -

Hose box Hose Boxes 20 -

Safety helmets Safety Helmet 70 -

Stretcher with blanket Stretcher 1 -

First Aid Box

First Aid Box With Anti

Snake 2 -

Rubber Hand Gloves Rubber Hand Gloves (Pair) 2 -

Low Temp Rubber Hand

Gloves

Low Temp Hand Gloves

(Pair) 0 -

Low Temp Prot Clothing

Low Temp Protective

Clothing 0 -

Fire Proximity Suit Fire Proximity Suit 1 -

Resuscitators Resuscitators 1 -




equipment

Available

quantity

Proposed

addition after

commissioning

of MSV

Red flags for Fire drill Red Flag 2 -

Green flags for Fire drill Green Flag 2 -

SCABA with spare cylinder Scaba With Spare Cylinder 0 -

Water Jel Blankets Water Jel Blankets 1 -

Portable Gas Detector

Port Gas

Detector_Explosi_MTR 2 -

Hand operated siren Hand Operated Siren 9 -

Electrical siren (1 km range) Electric Siren 1 Km Range 2 -

Mobile trolley for FF First Aid Fire Trolley 1 -

CO2 cartridges # 10 kg DCP

(200 gms.)

CO2crtdg 200GM_10KG

DCP FE 75 -

CO2 cartridges # 75 kg DCP(2

Kg)

CO2crtdg 2KG_75KG DCP

FE 6 -

DCP bags for 10 kg F.Es DCP Powder (Kg) 2070 -

DCP bags for 75 kg F.Es DCP Powder (Kg) 225 -

Hazardous area WATER

MONITORS Water Monitor 18 4

Non-Hazardous area WATER

MONITORS Water Monitor 7 -

Hazardous area DBL

HEADED HYD POINTS Double Headed Hydrant Point 14 -

Non-Hazardous area DBL

HEADED HYD POINTS Double Headed Hydrant Point 6 -

Fire water as per OISD # 144 Fire Water Storage (KL) 7400 -

Fire pump as per OISD # 144

Fire Pump Capacity (410

KL/H) 5 -

Air Compressor house DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 2 -

Plant sheds

Deluge Valves (Sprinkler

system) 8 1


2.9 Plant and Equipment Details

The existing as well as proposed plant and equipment details along with sizing are detailed in

brief in Table 2.4. Table 2.5, Table 2.6, Table 2.7 and Table 2.8. Further Site Plan Layout is

referenced as Annexure II.

Table 2.4: Non-Plant Shed/Building

Security (Main Gate) 03 M X 03 M

CR/S & D 8 M X 10 M

Administrative Bldg, conf room (2 Story) 10 M X 14M 10 M X 10M

HSD storage 18 N X 15 M

Truck Crew Rest Room 8.5 M X 10 M

Stores Building 27 M X 10.56 M

Car/Scooter parking 5 M X 20 M

Fire Pump House and Air Compressor House 10 M X 15 M

Fire Water Tank 10 X 30M

Weigh Bridge 15 M X 3 M

TLD (8bays) 15 M X 5.5 M X 8 M

Filled Cylinder Shed 36.4 M X 44.8M +16.8 M X 42.3 M

Empty cum filling shed 53.36 M X 58.03 M

Mounded Storage Vessels (Proposed) 5.2M X 32.40 M

(2 X 600 MT)

LPG Pump House 8 M X 28 M

Cooling water tank 1Nos 1 X 10 KL

Emergency Exit 2 GATES

Electric Substation 8 M X 44 M

Value Change Shed 16.8 M X 16.8 M

Table 2.5: Plant Shed/Building

No. Description Size

1 Empty cum Filling Shed 53.36 M X 58.03 M

2 Filled Cylinder Shed 36.4 M X 44.8M +16.8 M X

42.3 M

3 TLD 15 M X 5.5 M X 8 M

Table 2.6: Brief Description of Facilities

No. of TLD bays 8

No. of Water Storage Tanks 2 No.

No. of Water cooling pumps 1

No. of Bore Wells 3

No. of DG sets 3 (1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500 kVA.)


No. of LPG pumps 2*48 M3/Hr and 1*85 M3/Hr

No. of LPG compressors 2*150 CFM and 1*65 CFM

No. of Air Compressors 2*150 CFM and 1*300 CFM

No. of Security Air Compressors 2

No. of Fire Pumps 5 * 410 M3/hr

No. of Jockey Pumps 2 * 10 M3/Hr

No. of DVs 14

No. of Telescopic Conveyors 8

Gas Monitoring System:

Make and No. of sensors

1

Carousal : Make, No. of Filling Points 2 x 24 Machines electronic carousal

Leak Detector(GD) : 1800 cyls/ hr one each carousal

Pressure Tester (PT) 1800 cyls/ hr one each carousal

Weight Reduction Unit One unit for both carousels

IWCU (Integrated Weight Correction Unit) Proposed 1 unit one each carousal

Dynamic/Static Check Scale 1 unit each carousal

Evacuation Unit : Make and No of guns Stand with 6 guns.

Valve Change unit Without Evacuation Proposed 1 unit one each carousal

Purging Unit: Make and Capacity 1 unit

Valve Changing Machine 1 unit

Hot Air Sealing System (HASS) 1800 cyls/ hr one each carousal

Weigh Bridge 50 MT

Vapour Extraction system 1 system

Test Bath 15 cyls holding capacity one each carousal

Conveyor system 1 system for each carousal

Table 2.7: Electrical Systems


1 Transformers To suit requirement – tentatively - 2 (1 x 750 kVA

power and 1 x 250 kVA lighting)

2 Energy Saver To suit requirement – tentatively - 160 kVA

3 Capacitor Bank To suit requirement – tentatively - 125 kVA

4 Battery Charger/Bank To suit requirement – tentatively - 110 kVA

5 Earth Pits To suit requirement – tentatively - 102nos

6 Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) 2 nos

7 Contract Demand To suit requirement – tentatively - 450 kVA

8 Connected Load (Power) To suit requirement – tentatively - 568 kW

9 HT VCB 11 kV, 400 A

10 PMCC and MLDB 1 system



11 High mast 5 nos.

Table 2.8: Safety data

No of monitors Monitors and Hydrant points (alternate) in hydrant ring @ 30 m. Numbers as

per requirement

Hydrant points Monitors and Hydrant points (alternate)in hydrant ring @ 30 m. Numbers as

per requirement

Fire extinguishers 10 kg DCP, 75 kg DCP, and CO2 fire extinguishers as per requirement given

in OISD – 144

Hand Siren As per requirement mentioned in OISD -144

ETB As per requirement mentioned in OISD -144

MCP As per requirement mentioned in OISD -144

2.10 Power Requirement

Power required for the existing operations is 450 KW sourced fromHimachal Pradesh State

Electricity Board. D.G sets are used of 1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500 kVA.

2.11 Manpower Requirement

The total existing manpower LPG BP is 43 numbers of permanent staffs (Technical 22 numbers,

Security 21 numbers) and 41 numbers of temporary staffs. No additional requirement is

envisaged with proposed augmentation.

2.12 Water and Wastewater Management

Total water requirement including domestic and fire water is being sourced from existing tube

wells from site and no additional requirement is envisaged with proposed augmentation of

storage capacity. The existing premises of LPG BP includes and STP of 10 KLD capacity.

Table 2.9: Water Consumption


m3/day


management

1 Domestic 7 4.5 KLD domestic wastewater

generated is being/will be treated in

Sewage Treatment Plant (Capacity10

KLD).

2 Cylinder washing 3 3 KLD effluent generated from

cylinder washing is being/will be

treated in ETP (Capacity 3 KL/D)

and utilised for greenbelt

development.

3 Gardening 2+7* -

4 Fire Water Makeup 3 -



m3/day


management

Total 15

No trade effluent will be generated as the proposed augmentation involves receipt, storage and

distribution of LPG only. Wastewater generated fromdomestic use has been treated in the

existing sewage treatment plant.

2.13 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System

Details of the solid and hazardous generation with their category and its quantity, disposal

system are mentioned in Table 2.10 and Table 2.11.

Table 2.10: Non-Hazardous Waste

Sr.

No.

Solid Waste

Generation

Type of

waste

Total

(approx)

Management

1

From

Domestic

Activities

Dry garbage 4.5 Kg/day Handed over to the authorised recyclers

Wet garbage 2.5 Kg/day Vermi composting and manure usage for

gardening

Table 2.11: Hazardous waste

Sr.

No.

Schedule I

Category No. Type Qty Method of Disposal

1 Sch. 5.1 – Used Oil 5 LPM To be disposed off as per

HPPCB norms


Plate 2.1: Site Photographs


CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 General

This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of thestudy area with

reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The studyarea covers the region falling

within 10 km radius around the proposed additionalcapacity in the existing facility. The existing

environmental setting is consideredto adjudge the baseline environmental conditions, which are

described withrespect to climate, hydro- geological aspects, atmospheric conditions,

waterquality, soil quality, vegetation pattern, ecology, socio-economic profiles ofpeople, hydro-

geological aspects, land use and archaeological importance.

The present report incorporates the data monitored over a period of three monthsfrom January

2017 to March 2017. Theprimary baseline monitoring consists of meteorology, ambient air

quality, noiselevels, water quality, soil quality and ecology (aquatic and terrestrial). The landuse,

geology, demography, isbased on the secondary data collected from variousGovernment, semi-

Government and public-sector organizations.

3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology

3.2.1 Physiography

Una district nestles between Siwalik ranges and forms part of the lesser Himalayas. It has a

diverse landscape made of hills, valleys with piedmont zone, terraces. The elevations of the land

surface in the district, vary from 340 m in south-eastern part to 1041 m above mean sea level

(amsl) in eastern part of the district. There are three hill ranges i.e. Chamukha Dhar with

maximum elevation of 1041m amsl, which borders with district Hamirpur, Dhionsar Dhar with

maximum elevation of 950mamsland,Ramgarh Dhar with maximum elevation of 997m amsl. In

the southwest along the border with Punjab, Siwalik hill ranges from hilly upland or plateau area

with elevation up to 666 m amsl. The vast area between the northwesterly&southeasterly hill

ranges, on both sides of river Soan is known as Una valley. The undulating to plain fertile Una

valley has an area of about 455 sq km and it extends from Daulatpur in the north – west to

Santokhgarh in the south - east.

3.2.2 Drainage

Soan or Swan River, a tributary of river Satluj, drains the major part (80%) of the Una district.

Soan is an intermittent river and maintains base flow in the lower reaches. SoanRiver has about

80% catchment area in Una district and divides the district into two parts. SoanRiver flows in a

south-eastern direction and has a wide channel and exhibits braided nature. It originates near

Daulatpur in the north-eastern part and leaves the district near Santokhgarh and subsequently

joins river Satluj. Number of local streams (about 73 khads) joins the river within the district.


During monsoon Soan river gets flooded due to shallow bank heights and large area on both

sides get affected. Govt. of HP has initiated riverbank protection cum flood control measures and

the work is in progress. In Bangana area, another stream (Khad), flowing parallel to Soan river,

is Lunkharkhad, which debouches in Govind Sagar lake. Also, in the extreme north-western part

of the district small area forms the catchments of a tributary of Beas river basin.

3.2.3 Geology& Hydrogeology

The generalized geological succession in the district is given below

ERA Period Formation Description

Quaternary Recent to sub-

Recent

Alluvium;

fluvial, terrace,

piedmont

Sand, silt, clay, gravel,

pebble and

cobble etc.

Undifferentiated Sand, clay, gravel, pebble,

cobble

and boulders

Tertiary PliocenetoMid.

Miocene

Upper Siwalik

Soft sandstone, brownish

clay,

shale, poorly sorted, crudely

bedded

conglomerate & boulder

beds.

Middle Siwalik Gray sandstone, and

brownish clay/

shale

Lower Siwalik Red and purple sandstone

and shale

Hydro-geologically, the unconsolidated valley fill or alluvial formations, occurring in the valley area

and semi-consolidated sediments belonging to Siwalik Group formaquifer system in the district.

Porous alluvial formation forms the most prolific aquifersystem in the valley area, where as the

sedimentary semi-consolidated formation formaquifer of low yield prospect.

The ground water in the Siwalik group of rocks occur under the unconfined to semiconfined

conditions, mainly in the arenaceous rocks viz., sandstone, siltstone, gravelboulder beds etc. The

occurrence and movement of ground water is controlled by inter-granular pore spaces and also

the fracture porosity. Siwalik sediments underlieHilly/undulating areas, where springs (mostly


gravity/contact type) and bowries are themain ground water structures apart from hand pumps.

The discharges of the springs,varies from seepages to 0.50 lps. Bowries are dug well type

constructions on the hillslopes/ nalas for tapping the seepages. In the low-lying areas underlain

by Siwalikrocks, dug wells and hand pumps are the main ground water structures that range

indepth from 3.00 to 25.00 m bgl, where in depth to water level ranges from 2.50 to 15.00m bgl.

In upland/plateau areas, the water level is generally deep. In Beet area waterlevel is more than 60

m below land surface has been observed.

In Una valley area, the ground water occurs in porous unconsolidated / alluvialformation (valley

fills) comprising sand, silt, gravel, cobbles / pebbles etc., and formsprolific aquifer. Ground

water occurs both underphreatic and confined/artesian conditions. Free flowing wells are also

observed in the lower part of Soan river. Ground water is being extensively developed in the area

bymedium to deep tube wells, dugwells, dug cum borewells and also by hand pumps. Depth of

dugwells and dug cum bored wells in area, ranges from 4.00 to 70.00 m bgl, whereas depth to

water level ranges from near surface to 26.46 m bgl in pre-monsoon. Yield of shallow aquifer is

moderate with well discharges up to 10 lps.

Water level of the Study Area: The depth of water table in the study area range varies from 5-

10 m below ground level during pre-monsoon period and less than 3-9 m during post-monsoon

period.

3.2.4 Ground Water Resources

As on March 2011, the stage of groundwater development in Una and Hum valleys ofthe district

is 108% & 99% and falls under Critical category of development. There isthus no scope for

further ground water development by constructing additional wells and tube wells in the valley

area. However,tubewells can be constructed by tappingdeeper aquifers of depth range of 300m.

There is thus an urgent need to simultaneouslymonitor the behavior of deeper aquifers, in order

to take preventive measures in future. Water logged areas along the Soan river should be

developed for water supply schemesand for irrigated agriculture in the district.

3.3 Study Area

The study area is considered to be area within a radius of 10 km of the IOCL plant boundary at

Una. The EIA guidelines of the MoEF mandate the study area in this manner for EIA‘s.

3.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area

Land Use Land Cover studies are conducted using satellite imagery. The details of satellite

image are as follows:

Satellite Data: Landsat 8 cloud free data has been used for Landuse / landcover analysis.

Satellite Sensor – OLI_TIRS

Path and Row – Path 148, Row 38

Spatial Resolution– 30 m


Date of Pass: 19th

March 2017

Ancillary Data: GIS and image-processing software are used to classify the image and for

delineating drainage and other features in the study area.

Figure 3.1(A): Satellite Map of the study area

Figure 3.1 A shows the false colour composite satellite map of 10 km radius area from the

proposed augmentation project site. Band combination was done from the satellite data to create

the Falsecolour Composite map of the study area.

Satellite data was classified using supervised classification technique. Maximum likelihood

algorithm classifier was used for the analysis. Six land use/ land cover classes were identified in

ten sq. km area around the Project Site

The study area of 10 km radius from the centre of project site shows six different land use

classes. Agriculture land dominates the land use pattern of the area. It is followed by scrub land

and open land together of the land use. The LULC classes are identified and presented in Table

3.1 and Figure 3.1B.


Figure 3.1(B): Land use/Landcover of 10 Km Study Area

Table 3.1: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 10 km Radius

Vegetation (21.67%), Crop Land (19.86), Barren Land (18.54%) and Built-up Land (17.37%)

dominates the land use pattern covering 10km surrounding the project site. Rocky Regions

(10.65%), Open Scrubs (10.03%) and Waterbodies (1.88%) also spread throughout the study

area.

LULC Class Area(Ha) Area (%)

Vegetation 6805.22 21.67 %

Open Scrub 3148.86 10.03 %

Crop Land 6236.78 19.86 %

Builtup Land 5451.80 17.37 %

Barren Land 5821.13 18.54 %

Rocky Region 3342.40 10.65 %

Waterbody 589.06 1.88%

Total 31395.24 100.00


3.3.2 Drainage Pattern

A drainage system is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage

basin. Drainage basins can be described by the order of streams within them. Streams that have

no tributaries (or streams flowing into it) are termed first order streams. When the first order

streams join together, they become second order steam. Two second order streams join to form

third order stream and so on for forth and further orders. However, a stream may have a tributary

with a lower order without becoming a higher order stream.Strahler method of ordering was used

for giving order to drainage. Drainage mapof a study area shows highest order of drainage as 6th

order i.e. Sutlej River. Drainage pattern within 10 km radius around project site shows both

dendritic and parallel type of drainage pattern.

Figure 3.2: Drainage Map of the study area

3.3.3 Contour Pattern of the Study Area

Contouring is the standard method of representing relief on topographic maps. Contour lines are

lines joining points of equal elevation on the surface of the ground. For a given map the vertical

distance between adjacent contour lines or the contour interval is fixed i.e.25m.Contour map of

10 km radius around project site predominantly shows an undulating terrain. The Northeast


direction shows a chain of high peaks and the adjacent areas to project location shows a flat

surface.

Figure 3.3: Drainage Map of the study area

3.4 Meteorological Data

The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the

atmosphere. The collection and analysis of meteorological data, therefore, is an essential

component of environmental impact assessment studies. The long term and short-term impact

assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of meteorological data collected

over long and short periods.

Since, the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in time and space, meaningful

interpretation can only be done through a careful analysis of reliable data collected very close to

the site.

Table 3.2: Meteorological Monitoring At study area

S.N. Parameter Instrument Frequency

1 Wind Speed Automatic Weather

station (Envirotech WM 251)

Continuous Automatic

1 hourly Average 2 Wind Direction


S.N. Parameter Instrument Frequency

3 Ambient Temperature

4 Max. & Min Temperature Wet & Dry Bulb Thermometer Daily at 08:30 and 17:30 IST

5 Relative Humidity Hygrometer Daily at 08:30 and 17:30 IST

6 Rainfall Rain Gauge Daily

The aforesaid meteorological parameters were being observed in the field during monitoring period.

The analysis of the field observations is given in Table 3.3. The wind rose during the study period is

presented in Figure 3.4.

Table 3.3: Meteorological Data Recorded at study area

Month Temperature, °C

Relative Humidity

%

Wind

Speed, m/s

Predominant

wind direction

Min Max Min Max Mean

January 2017 3 23 11 87 13.2 SE

February 2017 6 29 19 84 11.1 SE

March 2017 9 38 9 83 13.2 ESE


Figure 3.4: Wind rose for period of January 2017 to March 2017.

3.5 Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at ten locations within the 10 km radius

around the site of project to know the existing background ambient air quality. The purpose of

the estimation of background pollutant concentration was to assess the impact of the project on

the ambient air quality within the region based on the activities of the project. The parameters

chosen for assessment of air quality were PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of

Nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-methane HC) and VOCs.Theair quality

monitoring was conducted as per revised NAAQ standards 2009.


3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-

methane HC) and VOCs were the major pollutants associated with project. The baseline status of

the ambient air quality has been established through field monitoring data on PM10, PM2.5,

Sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (HC) Methane and Non-methane

HC) and VOCs at 10 locations within the study area. The locations for air quality monitoring

were scientifically selected based on the following considerations using climatological data.

Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;

The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey and selection of

sampling locations considered the guidelines given in the EIA manual of the MoEF;

Topography of the study area;

Representative of the regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status;and

Representative of likely impact areas.

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out on 24-hour basis with a frequency of twice a

week at a station during the study period for 10 locations.

3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

Respirable Dust Samplers APM-451 of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring

Respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2, NOx, NH3, CO, Benzene,

Benzo(a) pyrene. Table 3.4 shows the techniques for sampling and analysis for these parameters.

Table 3.4: Techniques Used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Parameters Technique Technical

Protocol

Détectable

Limit, (µg/m3)

PM10

Respirable Dust Sampler

(Gravimetric method)

HPPCB

Guidelines 10.0

Sulphur Dioxide West and Gaeke IS-5182 (Part-II) 5.0

Nitrogen Oxide Jacob &Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-VI) 5.0

Ammonia Indophenol Blue ISC Method 401 10.0

Carbone Monoxide Non- Dispersive Infrared

Absorbtion Method IS-5182 (Part 10) 0.01 mg/m

3

VOCs Activated Charcoal Method EPA To 17 1

Ambient air at the monitoring location is sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable

dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles and these

particles fall through the cyclone's conical hopper and get collected in the sampling cap placed at

the bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the PM10 passes the cyclone and is retained on

the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for

sampling air through a set of impingers for containing absorbing solutions for SO2 and NOx.

Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 liters per minute.


PM10 has been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182

part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182

part-VI, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NOx. Calibration charts have been

prepared for all gaseous pollutants.

The location of the monitoring stations with reference to the project site is given in Table 3.5

&Figure 3.5 A.

Table 3.5: Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Sr.

No

Name of locations

Location

Location

Code

Distance Direction

1 Project Site A1 - -

2 NayaNangal A2 2.68 SE

3 Nangal A3 5.58 ESE

4 Kherabagh A4 5.83 ENE

5 Barsara A5 3.21 N

6 Palakwah A6 7.56 W

7 Una A7 8.89 NNW

8 Saontokgarh A8 4.88 S

9 Sukhsal A9 8.39 SSE

10 Brahmpur A10 9.29 SE


Figure 3.5 (A): Map Showing Ambient Air Monitoring Locations

The ambient air quality results are as summarized in Table 3.6. The detailed Ambient Air

Quality results are as referenced in Annexure III

Table 3.6: Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

PM10 (µg/m3)

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

Min 75.0 79.0 72.0 72.0 80.0 80.0 72.0 80.0 80.0 80.0

Max 92.0 92.0 91.0 96.0 89.0 89.0 92.0 92.0 92.0 90.0

98 Percentile 92.0 92.0 90.5 95.5 88.1 88.1 90.2 91.5 91.1 90.0

Standard 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


PM2.5 (µg/m3)

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

Min 30.0 30.0 29.0 30.0 18.0 30.0 32.0 30.0 30.0 32.0

Max 48.0 42.0 40.0 44.0 38.0 43.0 42.0 39.0 43.0 43.0

98 Percentile 46.6 41.1 40.0 43.1 38.0 42.5 41.1 39.0 42.5 42.0

Standard 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

SO2 (µg/m3)

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

Min 3.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Max 7.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 7.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

98 Percentile 7.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 6.0 6.5 5.0 6.0 6.5

Standard 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80

NOx (µg/m3)

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

Min 3.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

Max 10.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 9.0

98 Percentile 9.5 8.5 8.5 9.5 9.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.5 8.5

Standard 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80

The other parameters such as CO, Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene, Ammonia etc. are all below

detection limits.

Observations of Primary Data

The results of the monitored data indicate that the ambient air quality of the region in general is

in conformity with respect to rural/residential norms of the National Ambient Air Quality

Standards of CPCB, with present level of activities.

PM10: The maximum value for PM10 is observed at Kherabagh(A4), as 96µg/m3 with the

minimum value observed at B (A2), as 79.0µg/m3 during the study period.

PM2.5: The maximum value for PM2.5 is observed at Project Site (A1), as 48 µg/m3 with the

minimum value observed at Barsara (A5), as 18 µg/m3 during the study period.

SO2:The maximum value for SO2 is observed at Barsara (A5) and Kherabagh(A4) ,as 8 µg/m3

with the minimum value observed at Naya Nangal (A2), Nangal (A3), Barsara (A5) and Una

(A7), as 2 µg/m3 during the study period.

NOx: The maximum value for NOx is observed at Kherabagh(A4), Barsara (A5) and Sukhsal

(A9)as 10µg/m3 with the minimum value observed at Project site (A1), as 3 µg/m

3 during the

study period.

CO:Carbon Monoxide values in all locations were found to be below detectable limit.


Benzene :Benzenevalues in all the locations were found to be less thandetectable limit (<1

µg/m3).

Benzo(a) Pyrene (BaP):BaP values observed in all the locations are<0.1 ppb

3.6 Noise

Noise in general is sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various

loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. The most common and universally

accepted scale is the A weighted scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for

audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz and has been designed to weigh various components of noise

according to the response of a human ear.The environmental assessment of noise from the

industrial activity, construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into

consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and

annoyance and general community responses.

3.6.1 Objective

The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise

levels in different zones. i. e. Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones, in the

surrounding areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of the study area.

3.6.2 Methodology

Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the

area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering location of industry,

commercial shopping complex activities, residential areas with various traffic activity and

sensitive areas like hospital, court, temple and schools also near the railway track for railway

noise.

The noise monitoring was conducted at eight locations in the study area during monitoring

period. 10 sampling locations were selected for the sampling of noise.

Equivalent sound pressure level (Leq)

The sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. Leq is the

equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual

fluctuating sound measured in the same time period.

Instrument used for Monitoring

Noise levels were measured using an Integrating sound level meter manufactured by Cygnet

(Model No. 2031). It had an indicating mode of Lp and Leq. Keeping the mode in Lp for few

minutes and setting the corresponding range and the weighting network in ―A‖ weighing set the

sound level meter was run for one hour time and Leq was measured at all locations.


There are different types of fields for measuring the ambient noise level, e categorized as free

field, near field and far field.

Free Field

The free field is defined as a region where sound wave propagates without obstruction from

source to the receiver. In such case, the inverse square law can be applied so that the sound

pressure level decreases by 6dB (A) as the distance is doubled.

Near Field

The near field is defined as that region close to the source where the inverse square law does not

apply. Usually this region is located within a few wavelengths from the source.

Far Field

The far field is defined as that region which is at a distance of more than 1-meter from the

source.


Figure 3.5(B) : Map Showing Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations

Table 3.7: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area

Sr.

No

Name of locations

Location

Location

Code

Distance Direction

1 Project Site N1 - -

2 Naya Nangal N2 2.68 SE

3 Nangal N 3 5.58 ESE

4 Kherabagh N 4 5.83 ENE

5 Barsara N 5 3.21 N

6 Palakwah N 6 7.56 W

7 Una N 7 8.89 NNW

8 Saontokgarh N 8 4.88 S

9 Sukhsal N 9 8.39 SSE

10 Brahmpur N 10 9.29 SE

3.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured

Noise monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one-hour interval. During each

hour parameters like L10, L50, L90 and Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the

sound pressure levels. Monitoring was carried out at ‗A‘ weighting and in fast response mode.

The important parameters to be measured are Leq, Lday, and Lnight.

Leq: Latest noise monitoring equipments have the facility for measurement of Leq directly.

However, Leqcan also be calculated using the following equation:

Leq (hrly) = L50 + (L10 - L90)2 / 60

Where,

L10 (Ten Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 10% of the total time of

measurement.

L50 (Fifty Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 50% of the total time of

measurement.

L90 (Ninety Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 90% of the total time of

measurement.

Lday: This represents Leq of daytime. Lday is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly

Leq‘s for day time hours from 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m


Lnight: This represents Leqof night time. Lnight is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly

Leq‘s for nighttime hours from 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.

3.6.4 Noise Results

The values of noise level parameters like Leq (day), and Leq (night), were monitored during

study period and are presented in Table 3.8.

Table 3.8: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results

SN. Location No. Results

LeqDay LeqNight

1 Project Site 59 46

2 NayaNangal 61 49

3 Nangal 54 45

4 Kherabagh 60 50

5 Barsara 64 52

6 Palakwah 58 48

7 Una 57 45

8 Saontokgarh 59 50

9 Sukhsal 53 44

10 Brahmpur 58 48

Noise Standards

Ambient air quality standard in respect of noise have been stipulated by Govt. of India vide

Gazette notification dated. 14.2.2000. Table 3.9describes ambient noise standards.

In Respect of Noise*

Table 3.9: Ambient Noise Standards

Area Code Category of Area Limits in dB(A), Leq

** Day time #Night time

A Industrial Area 75 70

B Commercial Area 65 55

C Residential Area 55 45

D Silence Zone @ 50 40

* As per Environment protection act.

** Day Time: 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m.

# Night Time: 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.


@ Silence zone is defined as an area upto 100 meters around such premises ashospitals,

educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the competent

authority; Use of horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones.

The noise data compiled on noise levels is given in Table 3.8. Noise level of the study area varied

from 53 to 64 dB (A) in day time and from 44 to 52 dB (A) in the night time.

3.7 Water Environment

Selected water quality parameters of ground water and surface water resourceswithin the study

area have been studied for assessing the hydrological environmentto evaluate anticipated impact

of the proposed project. Understanding the waterquality is essential in the preparation of

Environmental Impact Assessment. It alsoassists to identify critical issues in a view to suggest

appropriate mitigationmeasures for implementation to curb the deterioration of various

hydrologicalsources in the vicinity of the project.

The purpose of this study is to:

Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters;

Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational

resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and

Predict the likely impacts on water quality due to the project and related activities.

3.7.1 Methodology

Two surface water and four ground water samples were examined for physic-chemical,heavy

metals and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of industrial and other

activities on surface and ground water. The samples wereanalyzed as per the procedures

specified in 'Standard Methods for the Examinationof Water and Wastewater' published by

American Public Health Association (APHA).Samples for chemical analysis were collected in

polyethylene carboys. Samplescollected for metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3.

Samples forbacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physic-

chemicaland bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting theexisting water

quality status in the study area. Parameters like Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed.

3.7.2Water Sampling Locations

Ground water sample was analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards for

drinking water as per IS: 10500. The water sampling locations are listed below in Table-3.10

Table 3.10: Water Quality Sampling Locations

Station

Code Location

Distance (km) Direction

Ground Water


GW1 Project Site - -

GW2 NayaNangal 2.85 SE

GW3 Nangal 5.26 ESE

GW4 Kherabagh 5.78 ENE

GW5 Barsara 3.1 N

GW6 Palakwah 7.9 W

Surface Water

SW1 Nangal Dam 4.18 SE

SW2 Sutlej River 5.22 ENE

Figure 3.5 (C) : Map Showing Water Sampling Locations


3.7.3 Ground and Surface Water Quality Results

Four ground water and 2 surface water samples representing waterenvironment have been considered around the existing plant within

the peripheryof 10 km taking in to account the various uses. The results of ground water and surface water quality are presented in

Table 3.11and Table3.12Thephysico-chemical characteristics of Ground water are confirming to permissible limits of drinking water

standards, prescribed in IS: 10500 (Test Characteristics for Drinking Water) and suitable for consumption.

Table 3.11: Ground Water Characteristics

Sl.

No

Parameters Unit IS 10500:2012 Project Site

(GW1)

Naya

Nangal

(GW2)

Nangal

(GW3)

Kherabagh

(GW4)

Barsara

(GW5)

Palakwah

(GW6) Acceptable

Limit

Permissible

Limit

1. Odour - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

2. Colour Hazen 5 15 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

3. Turbidity in

NTU NTU 1 5 2.3 2.6 2.4

2.1 2.6 2.5

4. pH mg/l 6.5 -8.5 No

relaxation 7.2 7.4 7.2

7.5 7.3 7.6

5. Electrical

Conductivity µS/cm - - 582 193 481

363 272 457

6.

Total

Dissolved

Solids

mg/l 500 2000 320 135 298

298 150 274

7. Alkalinity as

CaCO3 mg/l 200 600 250 70 189

215 75 170

8.

Total

Hardnessas

CaCO3

mg/l 200 600 260 90 185

195 98 200

9. Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 200 28 24 12 20 30 15

10. Magnesium as

Mg mg/l 30 100 48 38 40

30 42 47

11. Sodium as Na mg/l - - 25 23 18 30 25 29

12. Potassium as K mg/l - - 12 15 5 24 10 8

13. Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 1000 28 8 15 10 7 10


Sl.

No


(GW1)

Naya

Nangal

(GW2)

Nangal

(GW3)

Kherabagh

(GW4)

Barsara

(GW5)

Palakwah

(GW6) Acceptable

Limit

Permissible

Limit

14. Sulphate as

SO4 mg/l 200 400 50 20 45

43 54 40

15. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 45 No

relaxation 12 4 10

13 7 16

16. Total Nitrogen

as N mg/l - -

BDL

(DL = 0.5)

BDL

(DL = 0.5)

BDL

(DL = 0.5)

BDL

(DL = 0.5)

BDL

(DL = 0.5)

BDL

(DL = 0.5)

17.

Total

Phosphorous as

P

mg/l - - BDL

(DL = 0.5)

BDL

(DL = 0.5)

BDL

(DL = 0.5)

BDL

(DL = 0.5)

BDL

(DL = 0.5)

BDL

(DL = 0.5)

18. Phosphate as

PO4 mg/l - -

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL =

0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

19. Fluoride as F mg/l 1 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 BDL (DL =

0.05)

BDL (DL =

0.05)

BDL (DL =

0.05)

20. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3 No

relaxation 0.19 0.12 0.12

0.13 0.2 0.18

21. Chromium as

Cr6+ mg/l 0.05

No

relaxation

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL =

0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

22. Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05 No

relaxation

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL =

0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

23. Manganese as

Mn mg/l 0.1 0.3

BDL

(DL = 0.01)

BDL

(DL = 0.01)

BDL

(DL =

0.01)

BDL

(DL = 0.01)

BDL

(DL =

0.01)

BDL

(DL = 0.01)

24. Nickel as Ni mg/l 0.02 No

relaxation

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL =

0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

BDL

(DL =

0.03)

BDL

(DL = 0.03)

25. Aluminium as

Al mg/l 0.03 0.2

BDL

(DL = 0.02)

BDL

(DL = 0.02)

BDL

(DL =

BDL

(DL = 0.02)

BDL

(DL =

BDL

(DL = 0.02)


Sl.

No


(GW1)

Naya

Nangal

(GW2)

Nangal

(GW3)

Kherabagh

(GW4)

Barsara

(GW5)

Palakwah

(GW6) Acceptable

Limit

Permissible

Limit

0.02) 0.02)

26. Zinc as Zn mg/l 5 15 2.4 2.3 1.6 2.1 2.2 1.9

27. Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001 No

relaxation

BDL

(DL = 0.0005)

BDL

(DL =

0.0005)

BDL

(DL =

0.0005)

BDL

(DL = 0.0005)

BDL

(DL =

0.0005)

BDL

(DL =

0.0005)

28. Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01 0.05 BDL

(DL = 0.005)

BDL

(DL = 0.005)

BDL

(DL =

0.005)

BDL

(DL = 0.005)

BDL

(DL =

0.005)

BDL

(DL = 0.005)

29. Lead as Pb mg/l 0.01 No

relaxation

BDL

(DL = 0.005)

BDL

(DL = 0.005)

BDL

(DL =

0.005)

BDL

(DL = 0.005)

BDL

(DL =

0.005)

BDL

(DL = 0.005)

30. Cadmium as

Cd mg/l 0.003

No

relaxation

BDL

(DL = 0.005)

BDL

(DL = 0.005)

BDL

(DL =

0.005)

BDL

(DL = 0.005)

BDL

(DL =

0.005)

BDL

(DL = 0.005)

31. Total Coliform MPN/100 ml - - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

32. E.coli MPN/100 ml - - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent


Table 3.12: Surface Water Characteristics

Sl.

No

Parameters Unit Nangal Dam

(SW1)

Sutlej River

(SW2)

1. Turbidity in NTU NTU 3.9 2.1

2. pH mg/l 7.2 7.1

3. Electrical Conductivity µS/cm 227 210

4. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 125 120

5. Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 22 20

6. Total Hardnessas

CaCO3 mg/l 58 40

7. Calcium as Ca mg/l 14 12

8. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 3.5 3.2

9. Sodium as Na mg/l 11 11

10. Potassium as K mg/l 4 3

11. Chloride as Cl mg/l 5 3

12. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 55 42

13. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l BDL (DL = 0.5) BDL (DL = 0.5)

14. Total Nitrogen as N mg/l BDL (DL = 0.5) BDL (DL = 0.5)

15. Dissolved oxygen mg/l 5 4.2

16. Bio Chemical Oxygen

Demand

mg/l 2 2.4

17. Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 11 20.1

18. Fluoride as F mg/l 0.22 0.25

19. Iron as Fe mg/l BDL (DL = 0.1) BDL (DL = 0.1)

20. Chromium as Cr6+ mg/l BDL (DL = 0.03) BDL (DL = 0.03)

21. Copper as Cu mg/l BDL (DL = 0.03) BDL (DL = 0.03)

22. Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL (DL = 0.01) BDL (DL = 0.01)

23. Nickel as Ni mg/l BDL (DL = 0.03) BDL (DL = 0.03)

24. Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL (DL = 0.02) BDL (DL = 0.02)

25. Zinc as Zn mg/l 2.1 3

26. Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL (DL =

0.0005)

BDL (DL =

0.0005)

27. Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(DL = 0.005) BDL(DL = 0.005)

28. Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(DL = 0.005) BDL (DL =

0.005)

29. Total Coliform MPN/100

ml Absent Absent

30. E.coli MPN/100

ml Absent Absent


3.7.4 Observations

Ground Water Quality

The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 7.2 to 7.6, which is well within

the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5. The minimum pH of 7.2 was observed at GW1 and

GW3; the maximum pH of 7.6 was observed at GW6.

Total hardness was observed to be ranging from 90 to 260 mg/l. The minimum hardness (90

mg/l) was recorded at GW2 and the maximum (260 mg/l) was recorded at GW1.

Chlorides were found to be in the range of 7 to 28 mg/l, the minimum concentration of

chlorides (8 mg/l) was observed at GW2, whereas the maximum value of 28 mg/l was

observed at GW1.

Sulphates were found to be in the range of 20 to 54 mg/l. The minimum value observed at

GW2 (20 mg/l) whereas the maximum value observed at GW5 (54 mg/l).

The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentrations were found to be ranging in between 150 to

320 mg/l, the minimum TDS observed at GW5 (150 mg/l) and maximum concentration of

TDS observed at GW1 (320 mg/l).

Iron is found in between 0.12 to 0.20 mg/l and Zinc found in between 1.6 to 2.4 mg/l.

Surface Water Quality

The analysis results indicate that the pH values in the range of 7.1 to 7.2, the minimum value

was observed at SW2 and maximum value was observed at SW1

DO was observed to be in the range of 4.2 to 5 mg/l. The TDS was observed in the range of

120 to 125 mg/l, the minimum TDS value was observed at SW2, and where as maximum

value was observed at SW1.

The chlorides and Sulphates were found to be in the range of 3 to 5 mg/l and 42 to 55 mg/l,

respectively.

Total hardness expressed as CaCO3 ranges between 40 to 58 mg/l.

The calcium & magnesium were found to be in the range of 12 to 14 mg/l and 3.2 to 3.5

mg/l, respectively. zinc is found in between 2.1 to 3 mg/l.

3.8 Soil

Soil is generally differentiated into two horizons of minerals and organic constituents of variable

depth, which differ from the parent material below in morphology, physical properties,

constituents, chemical properties, and composition and biological characteristics. The physico-

chemical characteristics of soil have been determined at 4 locations during the monitoring period

with respect to colour, texture, cation exchange capacity, pH, N, P, and K etc. The sampling

locations have been selected to represent the study area.

3.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations

The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives:

To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area;


To determine the impact of existing plant on soil characteristics; and

To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural productivity point of

view.

Six locations within 10 km radius around the project site were selected for soilsampling. The

details of the sampling locations are given in Table-3.13. The soil samples have been analyzed

for physic-chemicalparameters and heavy metals in accordance with the USEPA and SoilScience

Society of America (SSSA) standard test methods. The analysis results ofall the locations are

presented in Table-3.14(A). The results are compared withstandard classification given in Table-

3.14(B).

Figure 3.5 (D) : Map Showing Soil Sampling Locations


Table 3.13: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area

Code Locations Distance(km) Direction

S1 Project Site -- --

S2 NayaNangal 2.78 SE

S3 Nangal 5.56 ESE

S4 Kherabagh 5.95 ENE

S5 Barsara 3.32 N

S6 Palakwah 7.57 W

3.8.2 Methodology

The soil samples were collected during monitoring period. The samples collected from the all

locations are homogeneous representative of each location. At random 6 sub locations were

identified at each location and soil was dug from 30 cm below the surface. It was uniformly

mixed before homogenizing the soil samples. The samples were filled in polythene bags, labeled

in the field with number and site name and sent to laboratory for analysis.

3.8.3 Soil Results

The detailed soil results of all the monitoring locations are as shown in Table 3.14-A.


Table 3.14(A): Soil Analysis Results

Santokgarh Brahmpur Una Project

Site

NayaNangal Nangal Kherabagh Barsara Palakwah

1. Colour ----- Grayish Brownish Brownish Grayish Grayish Brownish

2. pH ----- 8.20 7.1 7.21 6.85 6.70 7.20

3. Conductivity

(EC)

micro mhos/cm at

25oC

(Soil Water Ratio-

1:2)

380 420 385 415 410 370

4. Moisture Content % 8.25 1.58 2.32 3.14 3.21 2.30

5. Water Holding

Capacity(WHC)

% 30 55 50 45 43 48

6. Texture ----- Sandy

soil

Sandy clay Sandy

clay

Sandy Soil Sandy

Soil

Sandy

clay

7. Sand % 37.8 28 32 38 36 32

8. Silt % 22.4 35 38 35 37 38

9. Clay % 39.8 37 30 27 27 30

10. Organic Carbon % 0.854 0.615 0.645 0.425 0.421 0.630

11. Ca % 0.021 0.025 0.013 0.014 0.011 0.012

12. Mg % 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.005

13. Chloride mg/l 25 18 18 24 22 16

14. Total Kjeldahl

Nitrogen

kg/ha 108 95 85 118 117 90

15. Nickel mg/kg 0.04 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL


Table 3.14(B): Standard Classification of Soil

S. No. Soil Test Classification

1. pH

<4.5 Extremely acidic

4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic

5.51-6.0 moderately acidic

6.01-6.50 slightly acidic

6.51-7.30 Neutral

7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline

7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline

8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline

9.01 very strongly alkaline

2

Salinity Electrical Conductivity

(mmhos/cm)

(1 ppm = 640 mmho/cm)

Upto 1.00 Average

1.01-2.00 harmful to germination

2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts)

3 Organic Carbon

Upto 0.2: very less

0.21-0.4: less

0.41-0.5 medium,

0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient

0.81-1.00: sufficient

>1.0 more than sufficient

4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha)

Upto 50 very less

51-100 less

101-150 good

151-300 Better

>300 sufficient

Source: Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi

Baseline Soil Status

It has been observed that the pH of the soil in the study area varied from 7.1 to 8.2. The

maximum pH value of 8.2 was observed at S1where as theminimum value of 7.1 was

observed at S2.

The electrical conductivity was observed to range from 370 to 420mmhos/cm, with the

maximum observed at S2 with the minimum observed in S6.

The nitrogen value varies from 85 to 118 kg/ha. The nitrogen content in thestudy area falls in

less to good category.

The organic carbon value varies from 0.421 % to 0.854 %. The organic carboncontent in the

study area falls in minimum to sufficient category.


3.9 Biological Environment

3.9.1 Introduction

Ecology is the study of surrounding environment wherein various living or biotic groups live

together and form a system of existence where every component, whether small or big is

interdependent and hence is an indispensable part of an Ecosystem. In an ecosystem, plants are

important as primary producers of a food chain followed by small organisms that are food of the

other organisms. An ecosystem gets disturbed even if a single member of it gets extinct. The

various ecosystems constitute of the man and animals, plants, microorganisms, aquatic and

desert animals and so on.

Humans are dependent on their environment, as are all other organisms. Any change in the

environment affects the living things and their behaviour. All organisms are dependent on each

other in many ways. Destruction of one organism in the environment can lead to the destruction

of other organisms. Technological advances have given humans the ability to exert great

influence over the environment of all living things. However, the ability of ecosystems to sustain

humans is becoming increasingly stunted. For this reason, it is necessary to understand ecology

in order to survive. The EIA studies would be very much incomplete if proper attention is not

provided towards project‘s impact foreseeable on flora and fauna of the study area. Accordingly,

conducted the necessary survey of terrestrial flora, fauna and literature review of aquatic

A detailed flora fauna study was carried out in 10 km radius area of the site. The structure and

type of vegetation depends on climatic conditions and physiography of an area. Climate of the

study area is suited for the variety of vegetation. The contents of this subsection are based

primarily on reconnaissance survey&through secondary sources. The baseline study, for the

assessment of the floral and faunal biodiversity of the study area, within 10 km radius of the site

was conducted during Mid-January 2017.

3.9.2 Objectives of Ecological studies:

The present study was undertaken with the following objectives:

To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the project site

To assess the distribution of animal and plant life spectra; and

To ascertain whether the proposed augmentation project will have any adverse impact on the

ecology of surrounding areas, and suggest mitigation measures, if needed.

An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference to the listing of

species and assessment of the existing baseline ecological (Terrestrial and Aquatic ecosystem)

conditions in the study area.

3.9.3 Methodology


Primary data have been collected within project site as well as up to 10 Km from project site

Identified vegetation patterns at different locations through GIS map and physically surveyed

representative sites

A maximum number of ten quadrates were laid out randomly at each location

The sizes of the quadrates were 10m x 10m for trees, 5m x 5m for shrubs and 1m x 1m for

herbaceous species

Different types of animals, including avifauna, available in this area, have been recorded

Secondary data, pertaining to 10 Km boundary from the project site have been collected from

literature, forest department, and discussions with local people & NGOs

Probable impact, if any, of project activity on biota and mitigation measures have been

delineated

3.9.4 Biodiversity

Project site (Core zone):

Flora

The site consists of trees, viz Acacia catechu, Acacia niloticaetc. and certain shrubs, Lantana

camera, Calatropisprocera, Cassia tora as observed during field survey.

Fauna

In project site some species of butterflies like blue pansy, peacock pansy, grey pansy, lemon

pansy, commonmormon, common leopard, common emigrant etc. were found while birds like

brown-headed barbet, common hoopoe, Indian roller, common kingfisher, green bee-eater, blue-

tailed bee-eater, asiankoel were encountered.

Between project site and 10 km surroundings (Buffer zone):

A) Terrestrial

Flora:

Methodology:

The vegetation studies in the area were carried out by adopting Belt transect method for the

vegetation survey in buffer zones. Each belt measured 1 km x 0.5 km and within these belts, the

quadrate of different size was laid out for listing the vegetation diversity. Vegetation survey was

conducted through Quadrate Method. The sizes of the quadrates were 10m x 10m for trees, 5m x

5m for shrubs and 1m x 1m for herbaceous species.

The study shows overall 13 genera and 17 species (Table 3.15). The diversity of plants was

observed to be very less in all the sites.


Fig. 3.6: Land use/landcover map of 10km periphery around project site

Table 3.15: Flora recorded in the study area up to 10km periphery

S. No. Plant species Common name Family

1. Acacia auriculiformis Kikar Fabaceae

2. Acacia catechu Khair Fabaceae

3. Acacia nilotica Kikar Fabaceae

4. Albizzia procera White siris Mimosaceae

5. Alstonia scholaris Blackboard tree Apocynaceae

6. Bauhinia variegate Kachnar Fabaceae

7. Bombax malabaricum Semal Bombacaceae

8. Dalberjia sissoo Shisham Fabaceae

9. Dendrocalamusstrictus Bans Poaceae

10. Eucalyptus citriodora Safeda Myrtaceae

11. Ficusreligiosa Peepal Moraceae

12. Ficus bengalensis Banyan tree Moraceae

13. Ficus retusa Fig Moraceae

14. Gravillearobusta Silver oak Proteaceae

15. Morusmacroura Shahtoot Moraceae

16. Populus alba Poplar Salicaceae

17. Terminalia arjuna Arjun Combretaceae

Fauna


The diversity of fauna basically depends upon density and diversity of flora. The existing fauna

i.e. mammals, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, dragonflies and damselflies in and around project

site were enumerated. Further, information was collected on interaction with the local people.

a) Vertebrates

Mammals

The domestic animals in the study area mostly comprise of squirrel, Indian grey mongoose,

Indian cat, squirrel etc. The survey revealed that 5 species of mammals were recorded in and

around study area (Table 3.16).

Amphibians & Reptiles

Amphibians are mainly inhabited in fresh water and marshy places, while frogs and toads were

present in the study area. Reptilian fauna, mainly restricted to the patches with dense vegetation,

was comparatively more in this area. Besides avifauna, which has been addressed separately, 3

each species of amphibians and reptiles were recorded. Availability of fauna in the vicinity of the

locations is presented in Table 3.16. None of these animals are endangered (Schedule I) as per

Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972.

Table 3.16: Fauna recorded in the study area up to 10km periphery

Sr.

No. Common Name Scientific Name

Conservation

status as per

Wildlife

(Protection) Act

1972

Mammals

1. Common cat Felissilvestriscatus Not enlisted

2. Common dog Canis lupus familiaris Not enlisted

3. Squirrel Funambuluspalmarum Sch-IV

4. Indian grey mongoose Herpestesedwardsii Sch– II

5. Jungle cat Felischaus Sch-IV

Reptiles

1. Common monitor lizard Varanus bengalensis Not enlisted

2. Indian gecko Cnemaspissisparensis Not enlisted

3. Indian chameleon Chamaeleozeylanicus Sch-IV

Amphibians

1. Common Indian toad Bufomelanostictus Not enlisted

2. Indian bullfrog Rana tigrina Not enlisted

3. Skipper frog Euphlyctiscyanophlyctis Not enlisted


b) Avifauna

Avifauna is an important part of the ecosystem playing various roles as scavengers, pollinators,

predators of insect pest etc. They are also the bio-indicators of different status of environment

like urbanization, industrialization and human disturbance. They are one of the best indicators of

ecosystem. The areas having good bird diversity signifies healthy forest. They can be sensitive

indicators of pollution problems and function as early warning system.

3.9.5 Observation

Birds were studied by direct observation with the help of ‗‗Olympus 10 x 50 DPS I‘‘ binocular

and were identified by adopting available literature (Grimmettet al. 1998). Total numbers of 25

species of birds were encountered during the survey. Common birds like blue rock pigeon,

Indian black drongo little green bee eater, rose-ringed parakeet, Indian myna were dominant

within the study area (Table 3.17). None of these birds are endangered (Schedule I) as per

Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972.

Butterflies

1. Small tortoise shell Aglaisurticae Not enlisted

2. Common castor Ariadne merionetapestrina Not enlisted

3. Peacock pansy Junoniaalmana Not enlisted

4. Grey pansy Junoniaatlites Not enlisted

5. Lemon pansy Junonialemonias Not enlisted

6. Blue pansy Junoniaorithya Not enlisted

7. Bamboo tree brown Lethe europa Not enlisted

8. Common sailer Neptishylas Not enlisted

9. Lime swallow tail Papiliodemoleus Not enlisted

10. Common mormon Papiliopolytes Not enlisted

11. Mottled emigrant Catopsiliapyranthe Not enlisted

12. Common leopard Phalantaphalantha Not enlisted

13. Common emigrant Catopsiliapomona Not enlisted

14. Yellow orange tip Ixias pyrene Not enlisted


Table 3.17: Diversity of avifauna within 10km periphery

Sr. No

Common name Scientific name

Conservation

status as per

Wildlife

(Protection)

Act 1972

Status in

IUCN

Category

1. Black-winged stilt Himantopushimantopus Sch – IV Least concern

2. Blue rock pigeon Columba livia Sch – IV Least concern

3. Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis Sch – IV Least concern

4. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Sch – IV Least concern

5. Common babbler Turdoidescaudatus Sch – IV Least concern

6. Common redshank Tringa tetanus Sch – IV Least concern

7. Common swallow Hirundsrustica Sch – IV Least concern

8. Common tailorbird Orthotomussutorius Sch – IV Least concern

9. Crow pheasant Centropussinensis Sch – IV Least concern

10. Green sandpiper Tringaochropus Sch – IV Least concern

11. House crow Corvussplendens Sch – V Least concern

12. House swift Apus affinus Sch – IV Least concern

13. Indian black drongo Dicrurusadsimilis Sch – IV Least concern

14. Indian myna Acridotherestristis Sch – IV Least concern

15. Indian pond heron Ardeolagrayii Sch – IV Least concern

16. Indian robin Saxicoloidesfulicata Sch – IV Least concern

17. Oriental magpie robin Copsychussaularis Sch – IV Least concern

18. Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Sch – IV Least concern

19. Plain prinia Priniainornata Sch – IV Least concern

20. Red avadavat Amandavaamandava Sch – IV Least concern

21. Red-vented bulbul Pycnonotuscaf Sch – IV Least concern

22. Rose-ringed parakeet Psittaculakrameri Not enlisted Not enlisted

23. Small blue kingfisher Alcedoatthis Sch – IV Least concern

24. Small green bee eater Meropsorientalis Sch – IV Least concern

25. White wagtail Motacilla alba Sch – IV Least concern

B) Aquatic

Preamble

Plankton is an important component of ecosystem, which responds to ecosystem alterations

rather rapidly. It is due to the fact that planktonic organisms, which react to different types of

water pollution, play a key role in turnover of organic matter and energy through the ecosystem.


This reaction is very rapid because of relatively short lifetime and high reproduction rates of the

organisms.

Water sample within 10km periphery were collected from Swan river. To enumerate

phytoplankton, unfiltered surface waters were colleced from the water bodies. Phytoplankton

samples were immediately fixed after collection in Lugols Iodine solution so as to prevent

adverse effects of light and temperature which might cause rapid decay of organisms. Further

microscopic analysis was undertaken in laboratory. For zooplankton, desired volumes of water

were filtered through plankton net having mesh size of 75µ to represent all the available

groups.Drop count method for the analysis were followed, as prescribed in APHA (1995).

Phytoplankton

Amongst 5 groups, Chlorophyceae dominated over Cyanophyceae and Bacillariophyceae.

Euglenophyceae and Pyrophyceae were rarely present.Genera like, Phormidium ,Oscillatoria,

Gloeotrichia and Chroccoccus from cyanophyceae and Spirogyra, Chlorella,Ankistrodesmus,

Pediastrum, Scenedesmus, Microspora ,Cosmarium , Oedogonium , Sorastrum and Ulothrix

from Chlorophyceaewere dominant.

Zooplankton

Protozoa was dominant followed by Rotifera and Cladocera. Copepoda and Ostracoda were

rarely present. Genera like Daphnia, Moina, Nauplius, Keratella ,Philudinaetc. were dominant.

Fishes

According to local inhabitants varieties namely Catlacatla (catla), Labeorohita (rohu),

Cirrhinusmrigala (mrigal), Labeocalbasu (Calbasu), Cyprinus carpio(Common carp), Labeobata

(Bata) etc. are available in the lake.


Table 3.18: Impact on Ecological Resources Surrounding in and around Project Site

Environmental Topic and

Impact

Level of

Significance

before Mitigation

Mitigation

Measures

Level of

Significance

after

Mitigation

The project could have an

adverse effect, either directly or

through habitat modifications,

on any species, sensitive or

special status species in local or

regional plans, policies, or

regulations.

Less than

significant

(It is an

augmentation

expansion project;

no tree cutting or

dispersal of any

major animal is

anticipated)

The proponent has

a plan of extensive

green belt

programme. The

area, varieties of

plants, density etc.

have been

mentioned in the

report.

Less than

significant

(Due to

plantation,

biodiversity is

expected to be

enhanced)

Excessive light attracts and

disorients photophilic animals,

those that follow light.

Disrupted navigation in moths

can easily be observed around

bright lamps on summer nights.

Insects gather around these

lamps at high densities instead

of navigating naturally. Some

animals, notably insects, such

as the honey bee, are sensitive

to the polarisation of light.

Significant

Unless essential,

excessive light

during night hours

should be strictly

avoided.

Insignificant

The project could conflict with

any applicable policies

protecting biological resources,

including any tree preservation

policy or ordinance.

Less than

significant

Any such

preservation policy

is not recorded.

No project level

mitigation measure

required.

Insignificant

The proposed project, in

combination with other planned

and foreseeable future projects,

would result in a cumulatively

considerable significant impact

related to biological resources.

Less than

significant

Inquiry revealed

that no such

projects are

expected in the

area.

Insignificant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_pollution

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_bee


No project level

mitigation measure

required.

The project could interfere

substantially on aquatic

ecosystems and fisheries.

Less than

significant

No project level

mitigation measure

required, since

there is no liquid

waste discharge

from the project

activities.

Insignificant

3.10 Socio-Economic Environment

Introduction

Socio-economic assessment is an important part of the Environment Impact Assessment of any

industrial project. It is conducted to develop the sustainability strategy for the area, where the

industrial project would be executed. This section studies the socio-economic profile of the 10

km radius area for the IOCL Bottling plant project and analyses the baseline status as well as

assess the social impacts of the projects in the study area and suggest mitigation measures to the

anticipated adverse impacts of the project. The socio-economic aspects in general, divided into

economy, demography, education, health, employment & infrastructure in the study area.

Project Location

The proposed augmentation project i.e. M/s IOCL LPG Bottling Plant of is located at

villageRaipur Sahoran, Mehatpur, Una, Himachal Pradesh by M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd..


Fig 3.7: Location map

Socio-Economic Details of Study Area

The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources viz. Census records, District

Statistical Abstract, Official Document etc. The study area i.e. the 10 kms radius area from the

project site is spread over the tehsils of Una and Haroli in Una district of Himachal Pradesh and

Nangal tehsil of Rupnagar district of Punjab. The demographic profile, infrastructure facilities

and socio-economic condition is being described under different classifications in the following

section. The detail village- wise demographic status of the area is not included in the report as it

covers two different major states and two different districts. So that the tehsil wise demographic

details given in the report.

Methodology

The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources. The secondary data was collected

and collated from sources such as viz. District Census Handbook 2011, Census of India website,

District Statistical Abstract etc.

Table 3.19: Demography of Una &Rupnagar Districts

Sr.

No.

Demographic Attributes Una District RupnagarDistrct

1. Area 1,549 sq. km. 1,356 sq. km.

2. Population 521,173 684,627

3. Decadal Growth rate 16.24 % 8.9%


Sr.

No.

Demographic Attributes Una District RupnagarDistrct

4. Male population 263,692 3,57,485

5. Female population 257,481 3,27,142

6. Density of population (persons per km2.) 338 505

7. Sex Ratio (females per 1000 males) 977 915

8. Literacy 87.23 % 82.19%

9. Male literacy 92.75 % 87.50%

10. Female literacy 81.67 % 76.42%

11. Urban Population 8.62 % 25.97%

Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011

Demographic Profile of the Study Area

The study area (10 KMradius of the project site) falls in 2 Districts comprising of 3 tehsils in the

state of Himachal Pradesh& Punjab. There are totally 258 villages falling under these three

tehsils. In addition, there are 4 towns that fall under the study area. District, Tehsil viz village &

town breakup is shown in the Table 3.20.

Table 3.20: Village & Town Breakup in the Study Area

Sr.

No.

State District Taluk Total Villages Total

Towns

1. Himachal

Pradesh

Una Una 140 3

Haroli 59 0

2. Punjab Rupnagar Nangal 59 1

a. Total 258 4


Total Population

The total population of the study area as per the Census of 2011 is 395,083. The percentages of

male, female population are51%, and 49% respectively. The sex ratio of the area is 957

(females) per 1000 (Males): The sex ratio for the study area is very low as compared to the sex

ratio of the Una district (977) and the state (972). There are about 54,008households in the study

area. The average family size is about 5 persons per household. Tehsil Population and Sex Ratio

is shown in the Table 3.21


Table 3.21: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area

Sr.

No. Study Area Total

Population

Total

Families Total

Males

Total

Females

Sex

Ratio

Children

(Age 0-

6years)

1. Una 190,082 39,901 97,066 93,016 958 21,277

2. Haroli 71,416 14,107 36,308 35,108 967

3. Nangal 133,585 27,754 68,598 64,987 947 13,950

Grand Total 395,083 54,008 201,972 193,111 957


Population (Towns)

There are 4 towns that falls under the study area. These are Una Municipal Council, Santokhgarh

Nagar Panchayat&MehatpurBasdehra Nagar Panchayat in Una District and Nangal Municipal

Council in Rupnagar District. The total population of these towns is 85,800. The percentages of

male, female population and sex ratio are 52%, 48% and 1000 (Males): 897 (females)

respectively. There are about 18,877households in the study area. The average family size is

about 5 persons per house. The low sex ratio in the urban towns of the study can be linked to the

presence of male migrant labourers from other parts of state.TownshipPopulation and Sex Ratio

is shown in the Table 3.22

Table 3.22: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area

Sr.

No. Towns

Total

Population

Total

Families

Total

Males

Total

Females

Sex

Ratio

1. Una 18,722 4,226 9,851 8,871 901

2. Santokhgarh 9,363 1,901 4,789 4,574 955

3. MehatpurBasdehra 9,218 2,012 4,942 4,276 865

4. Nangal 48,497 10,738 25,317 23,180 865

Grand Total 85,800 18,877 44,899 40,901 897


Vulnerable Population

The Schedule Caste (SC) population within the study area is 19.39% and the Schedule Tribe

(ST) population is 0.86% from the total population of study area. Out of the tehsils, Nangal does

not have any ST population; however in other tehsils also ST population is negligible or

minimal. Tehsil wise SC and ST population break-up is shown in the Table 3.23


Table 3.23: SC & ST Population break-up in the Study Area

Sr.

No. Name of

Tehsil Total Population

Total SC

Population

% SC

Population

Total ST

Population

% ST

Population

1. Una 190,082 35,250 18.54 594 0.31

2. Haroli 71,416 13,335 18.67 2,804 3.93

3. Nangal 133,585 28,020 20.98 0 0.00

Grand Total 395,083 76,605 19.39 3,398 0.86


Literacy

The total number of literates within the study area is 299,532 (84.87%). The percentage of male

and female literacy to the total literate population is 90.40% and 79.24%, respectively. The

literacy rate is considerably higher in male population as compared to female population. Tehsil

viz literacy break-up is shown in the Table 3.24

Table 3.24: Literacy break-up in the Study Area

Sr.

No. Tehsils Total

Literates

%

Literates

Total

Male

Literates

% Male

Literates

Total

Female

Literates

%

Female

Literates

1. Una 145,027 85.91 78,114 91.09 66,913 80.57

2. Haroli 52,644 83.55 28,908 89.62 23,736 77.61

3. Nangal 101,861 85.14 55,355 90.49 46,506 79.55

Grand Total 299,532 84.87 162,377 90.40 137,155 79.24


Urban/Rural Population

As per Census of India 2011, there are total 10,738 families under Nangal Tehsil living in urban

areas while 10,738 families are living within rural areas. Thus around 36.3% of total population

of Nangal Tehsil lives in urban areas while 63.7% lives under rural areas.

Table 3.25: Urban/Rural Population break up in the Study Area

Sr.

No. Name of the

tehsil Total

Population

Rural

population

% Rural

Population

Urban

Population

% Urban

Population

1. Una 190,082 152,779 80.4 37,303 19.6

2. Haroli 71,416 71,416 100 0 0.00

3. Nangal 133,585 85,088 63.7 48,497 36.3

Grand Total 395,083 309,283 81.36 85,800 18.64



Economic Activity

As per the Census 2011, the workforce in the study area is more than one lakh and 40 thousand

which constitutes 38.06% of the total population of the study area. The workers comprise more

than one lakh main workers and thirty-seven thousand marginal workers.

Main workers constitute 74.36% of the total workers. The remaining 25.64% are marginal

workers. Among the main workers, male workers are more as compared to the female workers.

Majority of female workers working are also from rural areas, as they are employed in farm

sector. This is also more than that of male workers, which may be due to their being employed

predominantly in activities like cultivation and agricultural labour. In the urban areas, majority of

female workers are engaged in household‘s industry and other work.

Table 3.26: Status of working population in the study area

Sr.

No.

Name of the Tehsil Total

workers

Main

workers

Marginal

workers

Non

workers

Work

participation rate

1. Una 72,351 52,766 19,585 117,731 38.06

2. Haroli 27,160 17,339 9,821 44,256 38.03

3. Nangal 44,860 37,250 7,610 88,725 33.58

Grand Total 144,371 107,355 37,016 250,712 36.54


Occupational structure

The occupational structure of the population in the study area has been studied. The Main

workers are classified on the basis of Industrial category of workers into the following four

categories:

1. Cultivators

2. Agricultural Labourers

3. Household Industry Workers

4. Other Workers

Of the total main workers in the study area, about 70% is engaged in the other workers category.

The type of workers that comes under this category of 'Other Worker' include all government

servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in

trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work,

priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than cultivators or agricultural

labourers or household industry workers are 'Other Workers'.


Table 3.27: Distribution of Main workers by category

Sr.

No

Name of the Tehsil Main

Workers

Main Workers

Cultivators Agricultural

Labourers

Household

Industry

Others

1. Una 52,766 11,204 2,868 910 37,784

2. Haroli 17,339 6,074 1,184 218 9,863

3. Nangal 37,250 5,818 2,388 1,053 27,991

4. Grand Total 107,355 23,096 6,440 2,181 75,638


After other workers category, cultivators (22%) and agricultural labour (6%) together constitute

28% of the total main workers. It reflects that agricultural sector has only absorbed 28% of the

main workers. Only 2% of workers in the study area are engaged in the household industry. In

the other workers category, more than 60% of the total main workers in other category are rural

in workers whereas only 40% are urban workers. Thus it reflects that the opportunities for other

category workers are also available in rural areas of study area as compared to the urban areas.

Figure 3.8: Percentage Distribution of Main Workers in the Study Area

Infrastructure

The study area consists of 258 villages, 4 towns within the radius area. The area is more rural in

nature with 81% as rural population and 19% urban population. This section analyses the

infrastructurefacilitieslikewatersupply, roads,markets, banks,postoffices, schools

andelectrification in the study area. Una town, the district headquarter is the biggest urban pocket

in the study area with excellent physical and social infrastructure and basic amenities.


Educational facility at the minimum level of primary education is available in all the villages

and, towns of the study area. There are many villages having more than one primary school and

some large villages have three primary schools. For college education the students go to the city.

There are some 16-20 adult literacy centres in the rural area of the study area.

Medical facilitiesMajority of the villages having the facility of medical sub centres in both the

area. The Una town and Nangal also have sufficient hospitals in city or town area.

Post and Telegraph facility is available in all the villages and towns of study area. Although

phone connections are available in most of the villages but people tend to use mobile phones for

communication.

Drinking water is not a problem here as all the villages and towns have the facility of tap water

and well water. Some villages also have hand pump and tube well as drinking water source.

Road and Rail connectivity is better in the study area as all the villages and towns have paved

roads and connected by bus services. Some villages are connected to Railway Line also. The

proportion of electrified villages for the study area is impressive. All villages and town are

enjoying power supply facility for all the purposes.

3.11 Traffic Survey

The traffic survey, to ascertain the traffic density in the study area was conducted on the

junction of NH 503 and the connecting road to IOCL plant. The composition of Traffic

includes two wheelers, three wheelers, four-wheeler (Passenger Cars) and four-wheeler like

heavy vehicles like Trucks, Lorries, Bus, etc. The recommended PCU Factors for various

types of vehicles on Urban Roads has been adopted from IRC 106-1990 guidelines as

shown in Table 3.28.

Table 3.28: Recommended PCU Factors on Urban Roads

Types of Vehicles Passenger Car Equivalency (PCE)

Motor Cycle or Scooter (2-Wheeled) 0.75

Passenger Car, Pick-up van 1

Auto-rickshaw (3-Wheeled) 2.0

Light Commercial Vehicle 2.0

Truck or Bus 3.7

Bicycle 0.5


Thus, volume of vehicles was estimated as: PCU unit = No of vehicles* x PCE of those

particular

Figure 3.9: Location of the Node for Traffic Survey

Traffic study was carried out at 1 node at the junction of NH 503 and the connecting road to

IOCL plant as shown in Figure 3.9.

Node-1

Data was collected by physically counting the number of vehicles plying in both directionsat

Node 1. The hourly counts were carried out for the different type/category of vehicles. The

variation in the traffic flow at the given road along with the number of vehicles during peak

hour & lean hour is presented in the Table 3.29 and Figure 3.10.

Table 3.29: Traffic Survey, Node I

SN Vehicle Type

During

LeanHrs. (No.

Ofvehicles/hr)

During Lean

Hrs.Vehicles

inPCU’s

During

PeakHrs. (No.

Ofvehicles/hr)

During

PeakHrs.

Vehiclesin

PCU’s

1 Two Wheelers 35 26 89 37

2 Three Wheelers 5 10 5 10

3 Cars 322 322 340 340

4 Buses 175 648 209 773

5 Trucks/Lorries 4 15 9 33

Total 541 1021 652 1193


Lean Hrs: Before 8.00 hrs (morning), 13.00 to 17.00 hrs afternoon & after 21.00 hrs (evening)

Peak Hrs: Between 8.00 to 13.00 hrs& 17.00 to 21.00 hrs in the evening

Figure 3.10: No’s of vehicles during peak hour & lean hour

3.11.1 Existing Traffic Scenario & Level of Service

Capacity of road as per IRC = 2400 PCU‘s/hr

Total Volume in PCUs during Peak Hours = 1193

Existing Volume/Capacity ratio = 1193/2400= 0.50

The level of service is “C” that is GOOD.

Table 3.30: Level of Service

Sl. No. Existing Volume/Capacity Level of Services

1 0.0 to 0.2 ―A‖ (Excellent)

2 0.2 to 0.4 ―B‖ (Very Good)

3 0.4 to 0.6 ―C‖ (Good)

4 0.6 to 0.8 ―D‖ (Fair)

5 0.8 to 1.0 ―E‖ (Poor)

During the proposed project an addition of ~ 150 trips per day (i.e. 75 trucks and tank trucks per

day to and fro) of trucks is envisaged. To understand that impact due this addition the following

modified scenarios on the access roads is discussed. The Node I is shown in the figure.


3.11.2 Modified Traffic Scenario & Level of Service

75 additional trucks i.e. 150 trips assume to enter and exit during peak hrs for the proposed

project (worst case scenario).

Node I: ~75 trucks of 150 additional volume in PCU will be 3.7x150/9 = 62 per hour duringpeak

hours.

Traffic Flow at Node I

Total volume during peak hours in PCUs after completion of the project (V) = 1193+62 =

1255.

Capacity of Road as per IRC (C) = 2400 PCU‘s/hr

Modified Existing Volume/Capacity ratio will be (V/C) = 1255/2400 = 0.52. The level of service

of the road will be “C” after the proposed project that is “GOOD”.

The above results indicated that the post project scenarios will contribute to addition in existing

traffic, the level of service will continue to be GOOD. Traffic will continue to run smoothly

without congestion and no widening of road is anticipated


CHAPTER 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND

MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Introduction

Identification of impacts and mitigation measures of the same in Environmental Impact

Assessment study helps in quantification and evaluation of impacts. During baseline study

several impacts can be identified but it is necessary to identify the critical impacts both positive

and negative on various components of the environment that are likely due to installation of LPG

mounded bullets within the existing LPG BP Una. The environmental impacts can be categorized

as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are the ones that are caused directly due to the

project activity on environmental attributes, whereas secondary impacts are indirectly induced.

The construction and operational phase of the project activity comprises various activities, each

of which may have either positive or negative impact on some or other environmental attributes.

The proposed augmentation project activities would impart impact on the environment in two

distinct phases:

During construction phase - Temporary or short-term impact

During operation phase - May have long term impact

4.2 Impact Assessment

4.2.1 During Construction Phase:

This includes the following activities related to levelling of site, construction anderection of

mounded storage bullets.

Land/Soil Environment

The installation activities include excavation of soil from the proposed site. The excavated loose

soil will be utilized for leveling of low lying areas inside the plant. Thus, the impact on land

during construction phase is insignificant

The proposed storage bullet will be installed with earth/sand and hence there will not be any

adverse impact on the land environment. The construction activities would attract a sizeable

number of construction workers deployed for establishment of bullets. Due to this, marginal

influx of population is likely to take place and would result in establishment of temporary camps

consisting of hutments. However, these would be confined to limited period of construction

phase only. Hence, impact is temporary in nature and reversible. Efforts would be made to

engage construction workers from local adjoining areas to mitigate this impact.

Air Environment

Construction activities have the potential to generate a considerable amount of air pollution.

Construction activities that contribute to air pollution include: land clearing, operation of diesel

engines, burning, and working with metals/ materials. Diesel is also responsible for emission of


carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide. Noxious vapors from oils,

glues, thinners paints, treated woods, plastics, cleaners and other hazardous chemicals that are

widely used on construction sites, also contribute to air pollution. The dust generation during

construction will be suppressed through intensive water spraying. The proper maintenance of

equipment and transport vehicles will reduce generation of gases. During construction phase

fugitive dust emission sources will be as under:

Construction Operation: Fugitive dust emission is the main pollution, generated from the

construction activities. Construction site generate high levels of dust. Construction dust is

classified as PM10, invisible to the naked eye. However, the impact on the air quality during

construction phase will be localized, temporary and reversible in nature Particulate dust

emissions from the construction are a function of total land disturbed and the volume of soil

excavated.

The emissions factors vary from approximately 0.019 tons PM10/acre-month for initial

emissions estimate. The construction will take 18 months for completion. Thus, emission will be

1.06 kg PM10 per day.

Particulate Emission from Transportation: When a vehicle travel on the road, particulate

emissions occur due to direct emissions from vehicles in the form of exhaust. The level of the

emission depends upon the condition of the road (paved/unpaved) and condition of vehicles. PM

dust emissions from road construction activities are a function of acres disturbed during

construction. As most of the vehicle used in plant are trucks and heavy vehicle which are diesel

vehicles. Diesel engines breathe only air, blow by gases from the crankcase (consisting primarily

of air and HC) are rather low. Due to its low volatility, evaporative emissions from the fuel tank

can also be ignored. The low concentration of CO and un-burnt Hydro Carbons in the diesel

exhaust are compensated by high concentration of NOx.

Noise Environment

Minor construction traffic for loading and unloading, fabrication and handling ofequipment and

materials are likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels. The areas affected are those

close to the site which in this case is within the existingproject area.

At the peak of the construction, marginal increase in noise levels is expected tooccur. The

activities which produce periodic noise will be foundation for constructionof storage vessel for a

short period.

Overall, the impact of generated noise on the environment will be insignificant, reversible and

local in nature and mainly confined to the day hours.


Water Environment

The drinking water and sanitation facilities within the premises will be extended tomeet the work

force requirement. During the implementation of the project, theadditional demand during the

construction/erection phase for sanitary and drinking purposes will be met from the existing well

within the premises.

Impact on water quality during construction phase may be due to non-pointdischarges of solids

from soil loss. However, the construction will be more related tomechanical fabrication,

assembly and erection; hence the water requirements will be nil. The existing sanitation facilities

(STP) will meet the requirement for disposal of sanitary sewage generated by the work force.

Workers from nearbylocalities will be employed and so no temporary housing for construction

workers isrequired.

The overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to proposed

augmentation project will be short term, insignificant and reversible.

Socio-Economic Environment

The proposed augmentation project does not involve any displacement of inhabitants for

the construction of LPG Bottling Plant.

Construction phase could lead to creation of employment and procurement opportunities.

A multiplier effect will be felt on the creation of indirect employment through the local

community establishing small shops like tea stalls, supply of intermediate raw materials,

repair outlets, hardware stores garages etc.

Self- employment options for individuals possessing vocational or technical training

skills like electricians, welders, fitters etc, which are likely to be sourced locally;

There would be influx of workers during construction phase which could lead to pressure

on key local infrastructure such as water, healthcare, electricity.

The construction activity could lead to increased nuisance level from air emissions and

noise due to transportation of material and equipment as well as labourers.

The construction activity could also lead to water stagnation at pockets which may lead to

breeding of mosquito and related health impacts.

Biological Environment

The proposed augmentation project will be carried out within the existing industrial premises,

which is a vacant land and also does not have any fauna of importance. Therefore, the impact of

construction activities on terrestrial ecology will be insignificant.

4.2.2 During Operation Phase

Land/Soil Environment and topography

The impacts due to the project on soils are restricted to the construction phase which will get

stabilized during operational phase. Minimal dust generation during leveling operation is the


only impact on soil during construction phase. Hence, the impact on soil characteristics will be

insignificant during this phase.

The major envisaged topographical changes would be limited in immediate vicinity of the

existing premises. The impact is going to be minimum and negligible. The change in topography

will be only due to new storage vessels. It will invite positive benefits in the form of land

leveling and tree plantations in the vicinity as required.

Solid Waste

No solid waste will be generated as the proposed augmentation involves receipt, storage and

distribution of LPG only. Used oil from DG sets is and will be disposed by authorised recyclers

approved by HSPCB.

Table 4.1: Hazardous waste

Sr.

No.

Schedule I



HPPCB norms

Air Environment

Industry operation involves receipt, storage and distribution of LPG only. No Manufacturing is

involved and hence, no significant emissions will be there from the proposed augmentation/

expansion project except from DG sets, which are used during emergency conditions. Emissions

from the DG sets are directed through stack as per CPCBand monitored yearly by HPSPCB.

There are no additional DG sets required for the proposed expansion facility. Existing three DG

sets are enough for the proposed expansion and their emissions has been already covered in the

baseline study.

Noise Environment

The industrial complex consists of several sources of noise in clusters or single. This

clusters/single source may be housed in buildings of different dimensions made of different

materials or installed in open or under sheds.

Once the proposed expansion project becomes operational, there will be noise generation from

the following sources:

Pump house

Diesel generators

Truck loading areas.


Water Environment

No additional water is required as part of the proposed augmentation. The total water

requirement will be about 15KL/day for domestic use & washing of cylinder and greenbelt. The

water requirement is being met from the existing bore well inside premises.

The domestic wastewater is being treated in the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and the same is

being used for plantation development. The treated wastewater characteristics are given in

Table–4.21.

Table 4.2: Treated Wastewater Characteristics

Sr. No Parameters Value (mg/l)

1 pH at 30oC 8.1

2 Total Dissolved Solids 2128

3 Total Suspended Solids 60

4 COD <250

5 BOD (27 0C 3 days) <30

6 Oil & Grease <10


Project and associated construction of additional new Mounded bullet will eventually

lead to permanent job opportunities in the organized and unorganized sector. There is

likely to be increased demand for security, kitchen help, need for drivers etc.

Development of physical infrastructure due to construction of the plant which could

benefit the local population

Biological Environment

In the present project involves receipt, storage and distribution of LPG and no manufacturing

involved and hence emissions causing are very less. DG sets are used only during emergency

conditions. The maximum incremental concentrations of NOx and SO2 due to operation of the

project will be insignificant and the resultant levels will be likely to be within the AAQ

standards. Therefore, the impact of these emissions on the surrounding agro-eco-system will be

insignificant. In view of zero discharge condition, no impact on aquatic ecology is anticipated

due to the proposed expansion project.

Plantation comprising of pollutant resistant species which exists in and around the Plant facility

will serve as not only pollution sink but also as noise barrier. Itis expected that with adoption of

these mitigatory measures, the impact due to expansion project will be minimal on the terrestrial

ecosystem. The existing plantation area of 33% comprises of plant species which are given

inTable-4.3 and the existing Plantation layout is shown in Figure-4.1.

Table-4.3: List of Plant Species in the Existing Plantation

Sr. No. Local Name Botanical Name No of plant species

1 Arjun Terminalia arjuna 26

2 Kikar Acacia nilotica 50

3 Siri Albizzia procera 35


4 Ber Ziziphus sp. 8

5 Mango Mangiferaindica 25

6 Bana/ American dek Melia azedarach 450

7 Tuni Toonaciliata 26

8 Toot Morus macroura 11

9 Jamun Syzygiumcumini 10

10 Guava Psidium guajava 14

11 Peepal Ficusreligiosa 4

12 Manila Tamrind Pithecellobium dulce 18


Figure-4.1: Existing Plantation Layout


4.3 Impact Mitigation Measures

4.3.1 During Construction Phase


Top soil will be stored carefully and will be used again after construction/installation

phase is over so as to restore the fertility of project site

Bituminous materials / other chemicals, if any, shall not be allowed to leach into the soil

Methods to reuse earth material generated during excavation will be followed

Used oil generated from D. G. sets will be handed over to authorized recyclers approved

by HPPCB

Usage of appropriate monitoring and control facilities for construction equipment‘s

deployed

All hazardous waste shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and

disposal to the authorized dealers

The solid waste generation due to workers working at site will be segregated and will be

transported and disposed of to waste disposal facility

Chemicals/Paints etc. used during construction phase will be stored safely

Air Environment

Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission

Standards1

Transportation vehicles, DG sets and machineries to be properly and timely maintained and

serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the emissions

of NOX and SOX within the limits established by HPPCB

Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic

arrangement for smooth traffic flow

Use of good quality fuel and lubricants will be promoted. Moreover, low sulphur content

diesel shall be used as fuel for DG sets to control emission of SO2

Water sprinkling shall be carried out to suppress fugitive dust during earthworks and along

unpaved sections of access roads

Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing greenbelt/

green cover

PUC certified vehicles will be used to avoid the exhaust emission.

However, the construction activities will be for temporary period and hence, its impact on the

existing ambient air quality as well as vegetation will be reversible. Dust emissions are likely to

be confined within the limited area.


Noise Environment

No noise polluting work in night shifts

Acoustic enclosures for DG Sets will be provided as per CPCB guidelines

Pumps – Enclosure in acoustic screen, allowing for engine cooling and exhaust, use of anti-

vibration mounting, flexible couplings of hoses, maintaining adequate inlet pressure

Provision of Intake mufflers, unidirectional fan for Cooling and enclosures for electrical

motors

Provision of ear plugs for labour in high noise area

Provision of barricades along the periphery of the site

All contractors and subcontractors involved in the construction phase shall comply with the

CPCB noise standards2

Activities that take place near sensitive receptors to be carefully planned (restricted to

daytime, taking into account weather conditions etc.)

Vehicles and generator sets to be serviced regularly and maintained properly to avoid any

unwanted generation of noise or vibration from them

Use of suitable muffler systems/ enclosures/ sound proof glass paneling on heavy

equipment/ pumps/ blowers

Pumps and blowers may be mounted on rubber pads or any other noise absorbing materials

In case of steady noise levels above 85 dB (A), initiation of hearing conservation measures

Strengthening of greenbelt for noise attenuation may be taken up, etc.

Water Environment

Water Avoidance of wastage of curing water

Use of tanker water for construction activity.

Provision of toilets for labour

Wastewater generated will be recycled/reused during operation of the LPG Plant


Employing local people for construction work to the maximum extent possible.

Providing proper facilities for domestic supply, sanitation, domestic fuel, education,

transportation etc. for the construction workers.

Barricades, fences and necessary personnel protective equipment such as safety helmet,

shoes, goggles, gloves, harness etc. will be provided to the workers and employees.

Constructional and occupational safety measures to be adopted during construction phase of

the industry.

2http://CPCB.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf

http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf

http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf



The health of workers will be checked for general illness; first time upon employment and

thereafter at periodic intervals, as per the local laws and regulations.

The workers will be diagnosed for respiratory functions at periodic intervals and during

specific complaints etc. Medical Aid as per Factory Act and Panel doctor facility will be

provided to the workers.

Job rotation schemes will be practiced for over-exposed persons. Insignificant impact is

expected on the workers health and safety during the operation phase stage.

4.3.2 During Operation Phase


Installation of drainage ditches at project site to prevent erosion

Used oil shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and disposal to the

authorized dealer by HPPCB

The solid domestic waste shall be segregated and stored within the premises temporarily and

then sent to waste management facility

Air Environment

Monitoring of DG stack emissions for PM, NOx and SO2will be carried out regularly to

meet the statutory requirements; and

All the internal roads shall be asphalted to reduce the fugitive dust due to truck

movement

Transportation vehicles, generators and machineries to be properly and timely maintained

and serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the

emissions of NOX and SOX within the limits established by CPCB

Stack height of DG sets shall be as per norms of CPCB to allow effective dispersion of

pollutants

Storage facilities shall be equipped with leak detection systems

Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic

arrangement for smooth traffic flow

Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing

greenbelt/ green cover

PUC certified vehicles will be used to avoid the exhaust emission.

Noise Environment

Provision of proper parking arrangement, traffic management plan for smooth flow of

vehicles help to abate noise pollution due to vehicular traffic.

Green belts and landscaping shall act as noise buffer.

Ear plugs should be provided to the workers and it should be enforced to be used by the

workers;


Increase the distance between source and receiver and by altering the relative orientation of

the source and receiver. Noise level at the receiver end reduces in inverse proportion to the

square of the distance between the receiver and the source; and

Provision of separate cabins for workers/operators

Water Environment

The installation is being operated on ‗Zero Discharge Concept‘. The domestic sewage

generated will be treated in STP and the same will be utilized for plantation/greenbelt

development.

Waste water generated from cylinder washing shall be recycled /reusedafter treatment.

Rain water harvesting shall be promoted. Rainwater from the landscape area and

hardscape area will be used to recharge the ground water sources through recharge pit

Provision of Storm water drainage system with adequate capacity, Proper maintenance of

storm water drainage.


Both skilled and unskilled local person shall be given preference for the jobs in the operation

and maintenance of the plant.

4.4 Impact Matrix

The matrix was designed for the assessment of impacts associated with almost any type of

project. Its method of a checklist that incorporates qualitative information on cause-and-effect

relationships but it is also useful for communicating results. Matrix method incorporates a list of

impacting activities and their likely environmental impacts, presented in a matrix format.

Combining these lists as horizontal and vertical axes in the matrix allows the identification of

cause effect relationships, if any, between specific activities and impacts. The impact matrix for

the actions identified in Table 4.4 along with various environmental parameters. A rating scale

has been devised to give severity of impacts in the following manner.

A. Beneficial (positive) impact – Long term

B. Low beneficial impact – Short term

C. Strong adverse (negative) impact – Long term

D. Low adverse impact (localized in nature) – Short term

E. No impacts on environment

Table 4.4: Impact Matrix

S.N. Activity

Positive Impact Negative Impact No

Impact Short

Term

Long

Term

Short

Term

Long

Term

Pre-Project Activity

1 Displacement and resettlement of

local people √


2 Change in land use √

3 Loss of trees/vegetation √

4 Shifting of equipment, machinery

and material √

5 Employment for local people √

Construction Phase

1 Pressure on infrastructure and

transportation system √

2 Impact on air quality including

dust generation √

3 Noise Pollution √

4 Traffic √

5 Impact on the land/soil

environment √

6 Impact on groundwater √

7 Stacking and disposal of

construction material √

8 Impact on water quality √

9 Health and safety conditions of

people √

10 Social impact √

11 Economic impact √

Operation Phase

1 Increase in air pollution and noise

levels √

2 Water harvesting and recharge √

3 Disposal of solid waste √

4 Infrastructure development √

5 Quality of life √

6 Handling operations for transfer,

charging of raw materials, final

product

√


4.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The summary of the Impacts and Mitigation measures for the above-mentioned environmental attributes is as summarized in Table

4.5.

Table 4.5: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Impacting Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Measures

Environment/ Social Attribute

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice Guidelines

Environment/

Social Attribute

Potential

Negative Impacts Environment Health and Safety

Construction Phase

Air Emissions Increase in dust

and NOx

concentration

Rise inPM level at

project site

Potential risk of

respiratory irritation,

discomfort, or

illness to workers

Provision of spraying water to reduce

dust emission

Excavated topsoil to be preserved and

reused for landscaping

Ensuring all vehicles, generators and

compressors are shall be maintained and

regularly serviced

CPCB - National

Ambient Air Quality

Standards

Noise Generation Increase in noise

level

Rise in decibel

level of ambient

noise

Unwanted sound can

cause problems

within the body.

Excessive noise

pollution in working

areas at construction

sites can influence

psychological health

viz. occurrence of

aggressive

behaviour,

disturbance of sleep,

constant stress,

fatigue and

hypertension.

Hampered sleeping

pattern and may lead

to irritation and

The vehicles used will be with the proper

acoustic measures

Wherever this cannot be achieved the area

will be earmarked as high noise level area

requiring use of ear protection gadgets

Equipment will be keptin good condition

tokeep the noise levelwithin 90 dB(A).

Workers will be provided necessary

protective equipment e.g. ear plug,

earmuffs

CPCB - Noise

Pollution

(Regulation and

Control) Rules









Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice Guidelines

Environment/

Social Attribute

Potential


uncomfortable

situations.

Soil and

Groundwater

Contamination

Spillage of

construction

material containing

heavy metals,

paints, coatings,

liners, etc.

Special care will be taken during

deliveries of construction materials,

especially when fuels and hazardous

materials are being handled

Ensure that workers know what to do in

the event of a spillage

Operation Phase

Air Emissions Increase in PM, SO2

and NOx levels

inambient air due

toDG sets

duringemergency

conditions

Negligible

Impact

Negligible Impact

The DG sets are provided with Stack

Height per CPCB guidelines above roof

level for the proper dispersion of

pollutants

Plantation will be developed wherever

feasible

Wastewater Domestic waste water

will be generated

Negligible

Impact

Negligible Impact STP has been provided for domestic

sewage.

Effluent due to cylinder washing will be

treated in ETP and reused for plantation

Hazardous

Materials, Fire and

Explosion

Risk of fire and

explosions due to

the flammable

and combustible

nature of

petroleum

products.

Risk of leaks and

accidental

releases from

equipment,

tanks, pipes etc

Potential risk of loss

of life or injury due

to fire

Storage equipment will meet standards

(OISD) for structural design and integrity.

.

OISD-STD 144 -

Fire Protection

Facilities for LPG

Bottling Plant.




Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice Guidelines

Environment/

Social Attribute

Potential


during loading

and unloading

(handling)

Hazardous Waste No Hazardous Waste

except used

lubricating Oil

Same to be Stored

in barrels

Being stored in

designated place on

Concrete platform

To be disposed to

HPPCB accredited

vendors


The above table can be summarized as shown in below matrix as Table 4.6.

Table 4.6: Overall Matrix

4.6 Conclusion

From the above discussion it can be concluded that proposed augmentation project activity at

Una, Himachal Pradesh shall not create any significant negative impact on physical features,

water, noise and air environment. The proposed augmentation project shall generate additional

indirect employment and indirect service sector enhancement in the region and would help in the

socio-economic up-liftmen of the local area as well as the state.


CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES AND

TECHNOLOGY

5.1 Analysis of Alternative Sites and Technology

In this chapter the alternate site as well as technology is considered.

5.2 Alternative Technology

The project proposal relates to installation of additional 02 nos. of Mounded Bullets of

600 MT capacity each for storage of LPG.

IOCL has mastered the art and technology of installation of Mounded Bullets.

The LPG department of Marketing Division of IOCL has earned a good credential for

installation of Mounded Bullets.

The above expertise of IOCL is well proven and working efficiently at different locations

of the country including North-Eastern states without fails.

IOCL is having excellent track record and progressive outlook in regularly updating its

technology. The technology adopted by IOCL for installation of Mounded Bullets for

storage of LPG is a fail-safe.

5.3 Alternative Site

The proposed augmentation is within the existing premises at Mehatpur, Una, Himachal

Pradeshwhich was commissioned on 27th

Dec 2003. Theplant is spread over 32.56 acre of land

and hence no alternative site has been analyzed.


CHAPTER :6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1Introduction

Environmental Management is nothing but resource management and environmental planning is

just the same as development planning. They are just the other side of the same coin. The

resource management and development planning look at the issue from narrow micro-

economical point of view while environmental management views the issue from the broader

prospective of long term sustained development option, which ensures that the environment is

not desecrated.

For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, proper environmental monitoring

programmeshall be continued to be carried out at the LPG Bottling Plant.

The programme includes the following:

Environmental Monitoring

Personnel Training

Regular Environmental audits and Correction measures

Documentation–standards operation procedures Environmental Management Plan and other

records

6.2Environmental Monitoring

Work of monitoring shall be carried out at the locations to assess the environmental health in the

post period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information

on the following aspects.

It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.

It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations,

and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.

The monitoring programmes in different areas of environment, outlined in the next few sections,

have been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies described in Chapter 4. Post

study monitoring programme have been summed up in Table 6.1.

Table-6.1: Environmental Monitoring During Project Construction Stage

Sr. No. Potential Impact Action to be Followed Parameters for

Monitoring

Frequency of

Monitoring

1 Air Emissions All equipment‘s are

operated within

specified design

parameters

Random checks

of equipment

logs/ manuals

Periodic



Monitoring

Frequency of

Monitoring

Vehicle trips to be

optimized to the extent

possible

Vehicle logs Periodic during

site clearance &

construction

activities

Maintenance of DG set

emissions to meet

stipulated standards

Gaseous

emissions (SO2,

HC, CO, NOx)

Periodic

emission

monitoring

Ambient air quality

within the premises of

the proposed unit to be

monitored

The ambient air

quality shall

conform to the

standards for

PM10, PM2.5,

SO2, NOx, and

CO

As per CPCB /

HPPCB

requirement or

on monthly basis

whichever is

earlier

2 Noise List of all noise

generating machinery

onsite along with age to

be prepared. Equipment

to be maintained in

good working order

Equipment logs,

noise reading

Regular during

construction

activities

Night working is to be

minimized.

Working hour

records

Daily records

Generation of vehicular

noise.

Maintenance of

records of

vehicles

Daily records

Noise to be monitored

in ambient air within

the plant premises.

Spot noise

recording

As per CPCB/

HPPCB

requirement or

on quarterly

basis whichever

is earlier

3 Wastewater

Discharge

No untreated discharge

to be made to surface

water, groundwater or

No discharge

hoses shall be in

vicinity of

Periodic during

construction



Monitoring

Frequency of

Monitoring

soil. watercourses. activities

4 Soil Erosion Protect topsoil

stockpile where

possible at edge of site.

Effective cover

in place.

Periodic during

construction

activities

5 Drainage and

wastewater

Management

Ensure drainage

systemand specific

designmeasuresare

workingeffectively.

The design

toincorporate

existingdrainage

pattern and avoid

disturbing the same.

Visual inspection

of drainage and

records thereof

Periodic during

construction

activities

6 Waste

Management

Implement waste

management plan that

identifies and

characterizes every

waste arising

associated with

proposed activities and

which identifies the

procedures for

collection, handling &

disposal of each waste

arising.

Comprehensive

Waste

Management

Plan should be in

place and

available for

inspection on-

site. Compliance

with MSW

Rules, 2016 and

Hazardous

Wastes

(Management,

Handling and

Transboundary

Movement)

Rules, 2016

Periodic check

during

construction

activities

7 Health Employees and migrant

labour health check ups

All relevant

parameters

including HIV

Regular check

ups

8 Loss of flora and

fauna

Re-vegetation as per

Forest guidelines

No. of plants,

species

During site

clearance


Table-6.2: Environmental Monitoring During Project Operation Stage

Sr. No Particulars Monitoring

Frequency

Method of

Sampling

Important Monitoring

Parameters

I Air Pollution & Meteorology

A Stack Monitoring

1 D.G Sets Once Online Flue gas temp., velocity,

flow, dust conc., SO2,

NOx

B. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

1 3 - 4 No. of

AAQ

locations

Twice in a week 24 hr. As per NAAQs 2009

PM, SO2, NOx,

Hydrocarbons as HC,

VOCs

C. Meteorology

1 Wind speed, direction, temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure,

rainfall etc shall be monitored at plant.

II Water and Wastewater Quality

A Domestic

1 STP Once in a Day As per CTO conditions

B. Industrial Wastewaters

1 Outlet of the

ETP

Once in a Day 24 hr

composite

As per CTO conditions

C. Water quality

1 Ground

Water

Once in a month Grab Parameters specified

under IS:2295 (Class C)

and IS:10500,

III Industrial Noise Levels

1 Near

administrative

office

Once in 5

months

8 hr

continuous

with 1 hr

interval

Noise levels in dB(A)

2 Pump house Noise levels in dB(A)

3 D G area Noise levels in dB(A)

Ambient Noise Levels

1 Four

locations

Once in three

months for the

industry Once in

each season for

ambient noise

levels

24 hr

continuous

with one hr

interval

Noise levels in dB(A)

IV Soil Quality

1 Inside the

plant

Pre-Monsoon

and Post

Grab Physio-chemical

parameters


Sr. No Particulars Monitoring

Frequency

Method of

Sampling

Important Monitoring

Parameters

I Air Pollution & Meteorology

A Stack Monitoring

1 D.G Sets Once Online Flue gas temp., velocity,

flow, dust conc., SO2,

NOx

B. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

1 3 - 4 No. of

AAQ

locations

Twice in a week 24 hr. As per NAAQs 2009

PM, SO2, NOx,

Hydrocarbons as HC,

VOCs

C. Meteorology

1 Wind speed, direction, temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure,

rainfall etc shall be monitored at plant.

II Water and Wastewater Quality

A Domestic

1 STP Once in a Day As per CTO conditions

B. Industrial Wastewaters

Monsoon season

6.2.1 Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring of ambient air quality at the LPG Bottling Plant site shall be continued to be carried

out on a regular basis to ascertain the levels of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere; ambient air

quality shall be monitored as per Table 6.1& 6.2.

6.2.2 Surface Water Quality

Water quality constitutes another important area in the post study monitoring programme. There

are no major streams or perennial sources of surface water in the study area. Contamination of

surface water in the vicinity of LPG Bottling Plant area during the operation is possible only in

one form.

6.2.3 Noise Level

Ambient noise levels have been monitored at 10 stations inside and outside the plant during

baseline season for day time and night time.

6.3 Environmental Management Cell

The location-in-charge of the LPG Bottling Plantwith the assistance of operation and

maintenance engineers at respective stations presently look after environmental management.

Technical officers of the LPG Bottling Plantstation shall regularly carry out the following:


Sampling and analysis of noise and water samples.

Systematic and routine housekeeping at the LPG Bottling Plant

Apart from the regulatory requirements, officials conduct inter station environment auditing to

improve the performance. As part of company‘s endeavour, the IOCL has been accredited with

national and international certification of repute such as ISO: 14001 and ISO: 9002. Under these

following aspects are covered.

Following the changes/amendments to central/state legislation pertaining to environment

management.

Assessing the level of experience, competence and training to ensure the capability of

personnel, especially those carrying out specialized environmental management

functions.

Conducting environmental awareness programme for the employees at LPG Bottling

Plantsite.

Measurement of pollution emissions and levels at LPG Bottling Plantthrough an external

agency approved by HPPCB.

6.4 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Protection Measures

IOCL has proposed a capital investment of R300lacs and a recurring cost of Rs. 21 lacs per

annum for environmental protection measures. The details of investment for procuring the

equipment for efficient control and monitoring of pollution along with annual recurring cost are

given in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3: Cost of Environmental Protection Measures

S.No. Particulars Capital Cost

lacs

Recurring Cost in

lacs

1. Air Pollution Control - 2

2 Firefighting facilities and other

safety equipment

244 10

2. Water Pollution Control 15 2

3. Noise Pollution Control 8 01

4. Environment Monitoring and

Management

3 0.5

5. Occupational Health 30 2.5

6. Green Belt - 3

Total 300 21


CHAPTER 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 Public Consultation

As per the Additional Terms of Reference (TOR) for EIA issued by Expert Appraisal

Committee, MoEF&CC vide the MOM of 21st EAC meeting held during 27

th to 29

th March

2017, the public hearing has been requisitioned according to the provisions of EIA Notification

number SO 1533(E) dated 14-09-2006 and the procedure described at Una District of Himachal

Pradesh on 30th

January 2018.

Public notice was published in local newspapers by the state board both in English and Hindi

Language on 28.12.2017.

Suggestions, comments, views and objections from local people on environmental issues

regarding the project were invited through notice. No written suggestion/Views/Comments /

Objections were received.

Issues arose during the public hearing and replies by proponent are summarised below:

Public Hearing Issue Raised and Remarks

Sr. No Issue Raised Remark on the Issue Raised

1 The issue rose for providing the path in

between the railway line and boundary

of IOCL Gas Bottling Plant. Also

requested to provide the path and clear

the bushes on the backside of the plant

for the public, so that they can easily

access their land and temple.

The representative of the project proponent

assured that they immediately clear the

bushes and if land with right of way to

IOCL Gas Bottling Plant is provided by the

Gram Pnchayat or Govt. Then road/path

will be constructed under Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR) activities.

2 The Vice Chairman of the Nagar

Panchayat (NP) Mehatpur suggested

planting the trees in Nagar Panchayat

area.


assured that they will plant trees on the area

provided by NP. However, after care is to

be taken by the NP itself.

3 The issue raised regarding the

development of the Village Panchayat

Raipur Sohran i.e. separate transformer

for IOCL Gas Bottling Plant, adopting

village panchayat for development

purposes and re-opening of gas outlet at

plant gate.


replied that they are undertaking the

various activities under CSR such as

providing computers in the schools,

installation of solar lights in local villages

and at present also the work for installation

of solar light is in progress. It is also

assured that they will continue the various

welfare activities in the nearby area for

development. Any new scheme offered by


Sr. No Issue Raised Remark on the Issue Raised

the Govt. Of India will be implemented on

priority bases in local panchayat.

Proponent requested the panchayat to

submit the proposal under CSR to the

company and it will be implemented on the

priority basis. It is also clarified that IOCL

is having the separate transformer.

4 The issue raised regarding

inconvenience to the local public due to

parking of vehicle/Tankers and impact

of increase in capacity on the parking.


replied that they are not increasing the

production capacity, only in-house storage

capacity will be increase and it will help to

solve the parking problem. There will be

no increase in number of incoming and

outgoing vehicles.

5 Miscellaneous issues raised by the local

public regarding preference to local

panchayat peoples for employment and

payment of EPF


replied that they are already preference of

the local people and EPF is paid regularly.

7.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment

7.2.1 Methodology

Methodology adopted for risk assessment of LPG Bottling Plant, Una is as per following

principle steps;

1. Hazard Identification – Identify types of hazards which have the potential to cause harm to

the fatalities such as hydrocarbon releases.

2. Development of accident events – For the purposes of modeling, each hazard identified is

further divided into scenarios or events e.g. Leaks, ruptures etc.;

3. Frequency Analysis – The frequency of occurrence (i.e. likelihood of occurrence within a

given period) of each accidental event occurring is estimated from historical data such as

OGP Risk Assessment Data Directory, Process Release Frequencies, Report no. 434-1 and

434-3, March 2010.

4. Consequence Modeling – The consequences (i.e. extent) arising from realization of these

accidental events such as Jet Fires, Explosions are calculated based on various models;


5. Risk Analysis – Based on the fatalities arising from the consequences and the frequency

determined for an accidental event, the risk from the hazard is determined in terms of

individual risk;

6. Risk Summation – Risks associated with these accidental events are integrated to quantify

the risk levels at the facility;

7. Benchmarking – The risks are benchmarked against Risk Acceptance Criteria to arrive at

the list of events associated with ―unacceptable‖ and ―acceptable‖ risks;

8. Risk Ranking – The dominant risk contributors in terms of their risk level from various

accidental events are summarized.

7.2.2 Objectives Of Risk Assessment

The Objectives for carrying out the Risk Assessment Study are:

To identify hazards and risks associated with the facilities (during normal operations)

covered under the project and how they could materialize;

To estimate the probability of failure;

To estimate potential consequences of undesired events like leakages and subsequent effects

of fire, explosion, etc, whichever and wherever is applicable; and

To delineate Disaster Management Plan (Onsite and Offsite)

7.2.3 QRA Approach

Result Interpretation

The techniques used for risk prediction within the QRA have inherent uncertainties associated

with them due to the necessary simplifications required. In addition, QRA incorporates a certain

amount of subjective engineering judgment and the results are subjected to levels of uncertainty.

For this reason, the results should not be used as the sole basis for decision making and should

not drive deviations from sound engineering practice. The results should be used as a tool to aid

engineering judgment and, if used in this way, can provide valuable information during the

decision making process.

The QRA results are dependent on the assumptions made in the calculations, which are clearly

documented throughout the following sections of this report. Conservative assumptions have

been used, which helps to remove the requirement for detailed analysis of the uncertainty. The

results show the significant contributions to the overall risk and indicate where worthwhile gains

may be achieved if further enhancement of safety is deemed necessary.


Risk Criteria

PNGRB risk tolerability criterion in terms of Individual Risk (IR) is defined in the Section 10.2

of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006 (19 of 2006),Guidelines for

preparation of ERDMP, which is also applicable to IOCL facilities.

The maximum tolerable IR is 1.0 x 10-3 per year, whilst an IR of 1.0 x 10-5 per year is regarded

as broadly acceptable. An IR falling between these values is within the ALARP region of risk

acceptability and must be demonstrated to be as low as reasonably practicable.

These criteria are given here below –

IRPA

10-3/yr

10-4/yr

10-5/yr

10-6/yr

Intolerable

The ALARP or Tolerable

region (Risk is tolerated only)

Broadly Acceptable region

(no need for detailed working todemonstrate ALARP)

Fundamental improvements needed.Only to be considered if there are no

alternatives and people are well informed

Too high, significant effort required toimprove

High, investigate alternatives

Low, consider cost-effective alternatives

Negligible, maintain normal precautions

Figure 7.1: Risk Acceptance Criteria

The assessment and control of risk are essential requirements for a proactive HSE management

system. In order to make a valued judgment and to decide on what risks are acceptable, an easily

understood set of criteria should be set and followed rigorously. Risk criteria are required to

promote consistency in evaluating the results of relevant studies and to formulate a proactive

approach to incident prevention. The following sections sets out the basis for selecting the risk

acceptance criteria and explains some of the techniques used to arrive at the quantitative

assessments made to understand the risk levels.

Risk

Risk is defined as the probability that within a fixed time period, usually one year, an unwanted

effect occurs. Consequently, risk is a dimensionless number. However, risk is often expressed in

units of frequency, ‗per year‘. Since failure frequencies are low, the probability that an unwanted


effect will occur within a fixed time period of one year is, practically speaking, equal to the

frequency of occurrence per year.

Risk is the unwanted consequences of an activity connected with the probability of occurrence.

Individual Risk Criteria (IR)

The tolerable risk level lies between the acceptable and unacceptable levels in which ALARP

must be demonstrated. Once a specific hazard is demonstrated by analysis to result in acceptable

risk there is no requirement, other than following normal precautions and SOPs defined by

company and statutes.

Workers would include IOCL employees and contractors. The public includes the general public,

visitors and any third party who is not directly involved in the IOCL work activities.

The tolerability criteria above should not be misinterpreted as the number of fatalities that IOCL

is prepared to accept in conducting operations. They must be used only in QRA context as a

statistical probability that equipment, systems and procedures fail and result in fatalities.

Presentation of Risk Results

Location Specific Individual Risk (LSIR)

LSIR measures and expresses the risk exposure of personnel who are continuously present in a

particular area for the entire year (24x7x365). The risk exposure is calculated for all relevant

hazards and summed to give the overall risk of LPG Bottling Plant, Una.

In the fatality estimation, the consequences of each outcome due to a loss of containment are

represented by the probability of death for personnel continuously present in a particular area of

the plant when the event occurs. The LSIR can therefore be represented as:

LSIR = Σ (End event outcome frequency x Probability of fatality in area)

Individual Risk per Annum (IRPA)

IRPA takes into account the amount of time personnel spend at the plant and is defined as the

probability of an individual being killed by the accident scenario per unit time. IRPA from

process events is determined as follows:

IRPA = Σ (LSIR x Probability of personnel in area) x Presence factor

The presence factor is the actual time spent at the plant in a year.

Potential Loss of Life (PLL)

The PLL is a measure of risk to a group of personnel as a whole and is an average rate of

fatalities at the plant. The PLL can be established using the following equation –

PLL = Σ (IRPA) x Number of personnel in worker group


7.2.4 Hazard Identification

A substance or circumstance which may cause injury or damage due to being explosive,

flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, or otherwise harmful is defined as hazard.

Hazards associated with storage tanks

As per UK HSE‘s guideline HSG176, the main hazards associated with the storage and handling

of flammable liquids are fire and explosion, involving either the liquid or the vapour given off

from it. Fires and explosions are likely to occur when vapour or liquid is released accidentally or

deliberately into areas where there may be an ignition source, or when an ignition source is

introduced into an area where there may be flammable atmospheres.

Common causes of such incidents include,

1. Inadequate design and installation of equipment;

2. Inadequate inspection and maintenance;

3. Failure or malfunction of equipment;

4. Lack of awareness of the properties of flammable liquids;

5. Operator error, due to lack of training;

6. Exposure to heat from a nearby fire;

7. Inadequate control of ignition sources;

8. Electrostatic discharges;

9. Heating materials above their auto-ignition temperature;

10. Dismantling or disposing of equipment containing flammable liquids;

Hot work on or close to flammable liquid vessels

Hazard Categories

In order to identify hazards posed by the facility, it is very important to identify the type of

hazards posed by the materials being handled. IOCL handles and stores LPG.

All these are flammable and pose fire and explosion risk. As there is no toxic material being

handled at facility, there is no toxic risk envisaged

Hazardous Properties

Combustion of hazardous substance occurs when flammable vapours released from the surface

of the substance ignite. The amount of flammable vapour given off from a hazardous substance,

and therefore the extent of the fire or explosion hazard, depends largely on the temperature of the

substance, how much of the surface area is exposed, how long it is exposed for, and the air

movement over the surface. The hazard also depends on the physical properties of the substance

such as flashpoint, auto-ignition temperature, viscosity, and the upper and lower explosion limits.


These are the various materials are handled in the facility & have been taken into Quantitative

Risk Assessment.

Properties LPG HSD

Flash Point(°C) < -60 > 35°C

LFL 1.8 % (V) 0.4 %

UFL 8.5 % (V) 5 %

Vapour Pressure 2.007 at 21.1

°C (70.0 °F) 0.5 mm of Hg

Boiling point (°C)

-0.5 (31.1 °F)

at 1,013.25

hPa

110 °C to375°C

Relative density of gas

or vapourto air 2 to 3 3 to 5

Physical State Gas Liquid

Auto Ignition temp(°C) 287°C 230°Cto250°C

Scenarios

Considering hazardous properties and facility, following scenarios have been considered for

consequence and risk assessment –

As per OGP – Risk Assessment Directory, for each of scenario four leak sizes are considered

for release from Piping,

1. Small leak – Leak size 5 mm (representative size of 1 to 10mm)

2. Medium Leak – Leak size 25 mm (representative size of 10mm to 50mm)

3. Large Leak – Leak size 100 mm (representative size of 50 to 150mm)

4. Full Bore Rupture (FBR)

In case of release from storage, following leak sizes are considered:

1. Small leak – Leak size 5 mm (representative size of 1 to 10mm)

2. Medium Leak – Leak size 25 mm (representative size of 10mm to 50mm)

3. Large Leak – Leak size 100 mm (representative size of 50 to 150mm)

4. Catastrophic Rupture


Note: In the present facility, mounded bullets are submerged so there is negligible possibility

of bullet leakage or rupture. HSD is also stored underground, so negligible possibility of

leakage or rupture

Table 7.1: List of identified Scenarios

SN Section Number Section Description

1 IS1 Road Tanker

2 IS2 Piping from unloading arm to inlet of LPG Bullet

3

IS3

Piping from LPG Bullet to Tanker passing through

Compressors

4 IS4 Piping from outlet of LPG Bullets to suction of LPG pumps

5

IS5

Piping from discharge of LPG pumps to Carousals Filling

gun (LPG Cylinder filling operation)

6 IS6 Diesel Tank Transfer pump discharge line

Ignition sources

Ignition sources are strictly controlled in the LPG bottling plant area. All electrical equipment

and fittings are flame-proof type. No vehicle is allowed inside the premises without approved

spark arrestor in the engine exhaust.

The following sources of ignition are considered in the risk analysis.

1. Substation

2. Diesel generator

3. LT yard/ Transformer

4. Canteen

Climatic Conditions

Meteorological Data

The consequences of released flammable material are largely dependent on the prevailing

weather conditions. For the assessment of major scenarios involving release of flammable

material, the most important meteorological parameters are those that affect the atmospheric

dispersion of the escaping material. The crucial variables are wind direction, wind speed,

atmospheric stability and temperature. Rainfall does not have any direct bearing on the results of

the risk analysis; however, it can have beneficial effects by absorption / washout of released


materials. Actual behavior of any release would largely depend on prevailing weather condition

at the time of release.

Atmospheric Stability Classes

The tendency of the atmosphere to resist or enhance vertical motion and thus turbulence is

termed as stability. Stability is related to both the change of temperature with height (the lapse

rate) driven by the boundary layer energy budget, and wind speed together with surface

characteristics (roughness)

A neutral atmosphere neither enhances nor inhibits mechanical turbulence. An unstable

atmosphere enhances turbulence, whereas a stable atmosphere inhibits mechanical turbulence.

Stability classes are defined for different meteorological situations, characterised by wind speed

and solar radiation (during the day) and cloud cover during the night. The so called Pasquill-

Turner stability classes dispersion estimates include six (6) stability classes as below:

A – Very Unstable B – Unstable C – Slightly Unstable

D – Neutral E – Stable F – Very Stable

The typical stability classes for various wind speed and radiation levels during entire day are

presented in table below:

Table 7.2: Typical Pasquill Stability classes

Wind

Speed

(m/s)

Day : Solar Radiation Night : cloud Cover

Strong Moderate Slight Think <

40% Moderate

Overcast >

80%

<2 A A-B B - - D

2-3 A-B B C E F D

3-5 B B-C C D E D

5-6 C C-D D D D D

>6 C D D D D D

The wind speed and Pasquill Stability class data used for the study is summarized below:

Wind Speed Stability class

2m/s F

5 m/s D


7.2.5 Events and Ignition Probability

Event Tree

PHAST has an in-built event tree for determining the outcomes which are based on two types of

releases namely continuous and instantaneous. Leaks are considered to be continuous releases

whereas, ruptures are considered to be instantaneous releases.

The event tree takes in to account factors affecting consequence of a release such as;

1. Material properties such as

a. Flammability / toxicity

b. Flash point

c. Phase of material

d. Density of material

2. Ambient conditions

3. Availability of Immediate / Delayed ignition

Based on these the event trees used in PHAST Risk are given here below –


Figure7.2: Event tree for Continuous release with rainout (from PHAST software)

7.2.6 Consequential Events

Jet Fire

A jet fire occurs following the ignition and combustion of pressurized flammable fluid

continuously released from a pipe or orifice, which burns close to its release plane. The high heat

intensity poses a hazard to personnel and causes damage to unprotected equipment due to direct

flame impingement, causing it to fail within several minutes. Jet flames dissipate thermal

radiation, away from the flame‘s visible boundaries and transmit heat energy that could be

hazardous to life and property.

Pool Fire

The released flammable material which is a liquid stored below its normal boiling point, will

collect in a pool. The geometry of the pool will be dictated by the surroundings. If the liquid is

stored under pressure above its normal boiling point, then a fraction of the liquid will flash into

vapour and the remaining portion will form a pool in the vicinity of the release point. Once


sustained combustion is achieved, liquid fires quickly reach steady state burning. The heat

release rate is a function of the liquid surface area exposed to air. An unconfined spill will tend

to have thin fuel depth (typically less than 5 mm) which will result in slower burning rates. A

confined spill is limited by the boundaries (e.g. a dyke area) and the depth of the resulting pool is

greater than that for an unconfined spill. Pool fires are less directional and so may affect a larger

area although it is mostly influenced by wind conditions. They will also cause structural failure

of equipment although the time taken is longer than jet fires.

Flammable Gas Dispersion / Flash Fire

Flash Fire occurs when a vapour cloud of flammable material burns. The cloud is typically

ignited on the edge and burns towards the release point. The duration of flash fire is very short

(seconds), but it may continue as Jet fire if the release continues. The overpressures generated

by the combustion are not considered significant in terms of damage potential to persons,

equipment or structures. The major hazard from flash fire is direct flame impingement.

Typically, the burn zone is defined as the area the vapour cloud covers out to the LFL. Even

where the concentration may be above the UFL, turbulent induced combustion mixes the

material with air and results in flash fire.

Vapour Cloud Explosion

Vapour cloud explosion is the result of flammable materials in the atmosphere, a subsequent

dispersion phase, and after some delay an ignition of the vapour cloud. Turbulence is the

governing factor in blast generation, which could intensify combustion to the level that will

result in an explosion. Obstacles in the path of vapour cloud or when the cloud finds a confined

area often create turbulence. Insignificant level of confinement will result in a flash fire. The

VCE will result in overpressures.

It may be noted that VCEs have been responsible for very serious accidents involving severe

property damage and loss of lives.

BLEVE

A boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) is an explosion caused by the rupture of a

vessel containing a pressurized liquid that has reached temperatures above its boiling point.

Ignition Probability

There are 2 main types of ignitions, namely:

1. Immediate ignition — Ignition following rapidly after the release is initiated, prior to

personnel being able to escape from the area; and

2. Delayed ignition — Gas cloud drifting over an ignition source and depending on the

ignition delay, personnel may be able to escape before fire or explosion occurs.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point


PHAST has systematic approach for deciding ignition probabilities depending upon type of

release, phase of material released, reactivity and release rate. These have been used for the

purpose of the study.

Table 7.3: Ignition Probabilities as used in PHAST.

Type and Size of Release Type of Material Released

Continuous Instantaneous

K0 K1 K2 K3 K4

Gas; liquid: Tfl< 0oC liquid: liquid: liquid: liquid

Reactivity: Reactivity: Tfl<

21oC

Tfl<

55oC

Tfl<

100oC

Tfl>

100oC High, Average,

Unknown Low

< 10 kg/s < 1000 kg 0.2 0.02 0.065 0.01 0 0

10 - 100 kg/s 1000 - 10,000

kg 0.5 0.04 0.065 0.01 0 0

> 100 kg/s > 10,000 kg 0.7 0.09 0.065 0.01 0 0

7.2.7 Consequence Analysis

Consequence analysis is carried out to determine the extent of spread (dispersion) by accidental

release which may lead to jet fire or explosion resulting into generating heat radiation,

overpressures, explosion impact etc.

Modes of failure

Loss of containment from the system can lead to undesired consequences such as fire or

explosion. The consequencial effects may vary depending on the leak sizes or rupture. Following

table shows various leak sizes along with their significance.

Table 7.4: Leak sizes considered

Leak Sizes

Leak

Description

Representative

Hole Diameter Remarks

Small

(0 – 10 mm) 5 mm Represents leaks from flange joints and pump seals.

Medium

(10 – 50 mm) 25 mm

Represents release due to failure of small bore piping

(instrument tapping, drain connection etc.).

Large

(50 – 150 mm) 100 mm

Represents release due to failure of large section of

equipment or piping (e.g. damage due to external

impact, failure of flexible pipe/ hose).

Rupture >150mm

Represents release due to failure of large section of

equipment or piping equivalent to its rupture / full

bore release.


Above leak sizes are taken from Centre of Chemical Process Safety(CCPS) AIChE

CCPS QRA guidelines, chapter 2 – Consequence analysis, also mentions about leak duration. It

says that the Department of Transportation (1980) LNG Federal Safety Standards specified 10-

min leak duration; other studies (Rijnmond Public Authority, 1982) have used 3 min if there is a

leak detection system combined with remotely actuated isolation valves. Other analysts use a

shorter duration. Actual release duration may depend on the detection and reaction time for

automatic isolation devices and response time of the operators for manual isolation. The rate of

valve closure in longer pipes can influence the response time. Due to the water hammer effect,

designers may limit the rate of closure in liquid pipelines.

Considering this and isolated facility of IOCL, we have considered 10min discharge duration as

a conservative approach.

Impact Criteria

An impact criterion relates the modeling of the hazard effects to the resultant consequences to

personnel and asset, and determines the nature and detail of results required from the simulation.

The impact criteria for personnel and equipment on IOCL are summarised in the following sub-

sections.

Impact due to fire

Following table defines the impact of thermal radiation on personnel. The thermal radiation

levels listed includes solar radiation of 1 kW/m2.

Table 7.5: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Personnel

Thermal Radiation Effect Description

1.6 kW/m2 Maximum radiant heat intensity at any location where personnel

with appropriate clothing can be continuously exposed.

4 kW/m2

Maximum radiant heat intensity in areas where emergency

actions lasting 2 to 3 minutes can be required by personnel

without shielding but with appropriate clothing.

12.5 kW/m2

Maximum radiant heat intensity in areas where emergency

actions lasting up to 30 seconds can be required by personnel

without shielding but with appropriate clothing.

37.5 kW/m2

Limiting thermal radiation intensity for escape actions lasting a

few seconds. Significant chance of fatality for extended

exposure.

Table 7.6: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Equipment


4 kW/m2 Glass breakage (30 minute exposure)

12.5 to 15 kW/m2 Piloted ignition of wood, melting of plastic (>30 minute



exposure)

18 to 20 kW/m2 Cable insulation degrades (>30 minute exposure)

10 or 20 kW/m2 Ignition of fuel oil (120 or 40 seconds, respectively)

25 to 32 kW/m2 Unpiloted ignition of wood, steel deformation (>30 minute

exposure)

35 to 37.5 kW/m2 Process equipment and structural damage (including storage

tanks) (>30 minute exposure)

100 kW/m2 Steel structure collapse (>30 minute exposure)

The damage effects are different for different scenarios considered. In order to appreciate the

damage effects produced by various scenarios, it will be appropriate to discuss the physiological/

physical effects of the accidental loss of containment event.

Impact due to explosion/dispersion

A Vapour cloud Explosion (VCE) results when a flammable vapor is released, its mixture with

air will form a flammable vapour cloud. If ignited, the flame speed may accelerate to high

velocities and produce significant blast overexposure.

The damage effects due to 30mbar, 100mbar & 300mbar are reported in terms of distance from

the overpressure source.

In case of vapour cloud explosion, two physical effects may occur:

A flash fire over the whole length of the explosive gas cloud;

A blast wave, with typical peak overpressures circular around ignition source.

Table 7.7: Damage Due to Overpressures

Peak Overpressure, bar Damage Type

0.83 Total destruction

0.30 Heavy damage, nearly complete destruction of

houses

0.27 Cladding of light industrial building ruptures

0.2 Steel frame buildings distorted and pulled from

foundations

0.16 Lower limit of serious structural damage

0.14 Partial collapse of walls and roofs of houses

0.027 Limited minor structural damage

0.01 Typical pressure of glass breakage

Initial Release Rates

LOC at the facility may be modeled using a representative hole size or by fixing the release rate

for a given scenario. In this assessment, the former method was used as the hole size is a major


factor in influencing the characteristics of a release and determines the initial hydrocarbon mass

release rate as well as release duration.

Based on the hole sizes, material properties and operating / storage conditions, the corresponding

initial release rates for fire modeling are obtained from PHAST.

Material flash rates were used for dispersion in case of releases as there is no gaseous material

being handled. The release rate decreases with time as the equipment depressurizes. This

reduction depends mainly on the inventory and the action taken to isolate the leak and blow-

down the equipment.

Flammable Gas Dispersion

The significance of these distances is that the cloud will ignite if it were to get source of ignition

within UFL and LFL zone. Following table gives the LFL and UFL dispersion distances for

various leak sizes under different weather conditions.

The resultant flammable dispersion distances are given in the table below,

Table 7.8: Flammable (LFL) dispersion distances

SN Scenario

ID

Scenario Description Leak Size

in mm

Flammable distances in m

Conc. 2F 5D

1

IS1

Road Tanker

5 UFL 1.63 1.59

LFL 6.80 5.41

LFL Frac 13.56 7.98

25 UFL 7.96 7.41

LFL 54.84 50.07

LFL Frac 128.54 103.22

100 UFL 40.09 39.54

LFL 237.14 289.97

LFL Frac 498.62 448.14

Catastrophic UFL 67.35 66.87


SN Scenario

ID

Scenario Description Leak Size in

mm


Conc. 2F 5D

Rupture LFL 381.49 470.09

LFL Frac 560.09 651.52

2

IS2

Piping from unloading

arm to inlet of LPG

Bullet

5 UFL 1.63 1.59

LFL 6.80 5.41

LFL Frac 13.56 7.98

25 UFL 7.96 7.41

LFL 54.84 50.07

LFL Frac 128.54 103.22

100 UFL 40.09 39.54

LFL 252.23 301.19

LFL Frac 374.86 427.13

FBR UFL 67.35 66.87

LFL 298.15 369.46

LFL Frac 419.34 484.34

3

IS3

Piping from LPG Bullet

to Tanker passing

through Compressors

5 UFL 1.82 1.78

LFL 7.62 6.00

LFL Frac 16.21 9.50

25 UFL 8.93 8.28

LFL 63.16 59.54

LFL Frac 143.71 119.19

100 UFL 46.26 45.71

LFL 265.70 328.13

LFL Frac 386.23 444.55

FBR UFL 47.13 46.59

LFL 267.27 333.56

LFL Frac 388.04 446.38

LFL Frac 891.12 1127.6

0

4

IS4

Piping from outlet of

LPG Bullets to suction of

LPG pumps

5 UFL 1.68 1.65

LFL 7.06 5.58

LFL Frac 14.32 8.39

25 UFL 8.27 7.65

LFL 57.16 53.10

LFL Frac 133.15 107.83

100 UFL 41.81 41.12

LFL 241.28 301.08


SN Scenario

ID


mm


Conc. 2F 5D

LFL Frac 351.49 399.75

FBR UFL 127.14 126.97

LFL 335.22 421.79

LFL Frac 441.25 516.45

5

IS5

Piping from discharge of

LPG pumps to Carousals

Filling gun (LPG

Cylinder filling

operation)

5 UFL 0.24 0.24

LFL 1.17 1.09

LFL Frac 2.14 1.82

25 UFL 1.13 1.14

LFL 5.58 4.81

LFL Frac 10.23 7.46

100 UFL 4.47 4.41

LFL 27.66 25.52

LFL Frac 67.29 68.46

FBR UFL 6.79 6.64

LFL 47.56 47.15

LFL Frac 113.36 122.90

Notes:

NR: Not Reached

FBR: Full Bore Rupture

Radiation Distances due to Jet Fire

A jet or spray fire is a turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the combustion of a fuel

continuously released with some significant momentum in a particular direction or directions.

The properties of jet fires depend on the fuel composition, release conditions, release rate,

release geometry, direction and ambient wind conditions.

Radiation due to jet fire are given in the table below –


Table 7.9: Jet fire radiation distances

SN Scenario

ID


mm

Jet Fire distances in m

Radiation

kw/m2 2F 5D

1

IS1

Road Tanker

5 4 15.53 13.44

12.5 12.41 10.23

37.5 10.43 8.21

25 4 67.72 58.90

12.5 53.84 44.82

37.5 45.53 36.45

100 4 235.82 204.96

12.5 185.28 154.72

37.5 155.24 124.88

2

IS2


arm to inlet of LPG

Bullet

5 4 9.59 10.71

12.5 NR 6.24

37.5 NR NR

25 4 44.94 39.29

12.5 21.15 23.66

37.5 NR 11.00

100 4 135.78 116.29

12.5 61.45 69.88

37.5 NR 25.16

3

IS3

Piping from LPG

Bullet to Tanker

passing through

Compressors

5 4 10.86 11.83

12.5 NR 6.91

37.5 NR NR

25 4 49.47 42.99

12.5 23.13 25.96

37.5 NR 11.50

100 4 149.04 127.61

12.5 66.70 76.16

37.5 NR 25.75

4

IS4


LPG Bullets to

suction of LPG pumps

5 4 9.96 11.08

12.5 NR 6.45

37.5 NR NR

25 4 46.28 40.39

12.5 21.75 24.35

37.5 NR 11.18

100 4 139.70 119.64

12.5 63.03 71.76


SN Scenario

ID


mm

Jet Fire distances in m

Radiation

kw/m2 2F 5D

37.5 NR 25.40

12.5 123.22 143.57

37.5 7.49 42.02

5

IS5

Piping from discharge

of LPG pumps to

Carousals Filling gun

(LPG Cylinder filling

operation)

5 4 NR NR

12.5 NR NR

37.5 NR NR

25 4 4.00 7.36

12.5 NR NR

37.5 NR NR

100 4 20.81 28.19

12.5 NR 9.77

37.5 NR NR

Notes:

NR: Not Reached


Radiation Distances due to Pool Fire

A pool fire involves a horizontal, upward-facing, combustible fuel. When spilled, the

Flammable/combustible liquid may form a pool of any shape and thickness, and may be

controlled by the confinement of the area geometry such as a dyke or curbing. Once ignited, a

pool fire spreads rapidly over the surface of the liquid spill area.

When a spilled liquid is ignited, a pool fire develops. Provided that an ample supply of oxygen is

available, the amount of surface area of the given liquid becomes the defining parameter. The

diameter of the pool fire depends upon the release mode, release quantity (or rate), and burning

rate. Liquid pool fires with a given amount of fuel can burn for long periods of time if they have

a small surface area or for short periods of time over a large spill area.

Following table gives radiation distances for pool fire scenario where it is assumed that the dyke

will contain leaked material and would not allow it to flow beyond the restricted bund area.


Table 7.10: Pool fire radiation distances

SN Scenario

ID Scenario Description

Leak

Size in

mm

Pool fire distances in m

Radiation

kw/m2 2F 5D

1 IS6 Diesel Tank Transfer pump

line

5

4 32.22 35.69

12.5 19.77 24.85

37.5 11.21 11.97

25

4 36.20 39.19

12.5 23.76 28.35

37.5 15.20 15.47

FBR

4 38.50 41.48

12.5 26.05 30.64

37.5 17.49 17.76

NR: Not Reached


The above results show that the pool fire radiation distances are in case of Diesel Transfer pump

which goes up to 40 m for 4kW/m2 radiation for 5D wind Condition.

Overpressure Distances due to Explosion

Table 7.11: Overpressure Distances due to Explosion

SN Scenario

ID Description of scenario

Leak

Size in

mm

Maximum Distance (m) at

Overpressure Level

Overpress

ure in bar 2F 5D

1 IS1 Road Tanker

5mm

0.02068 10.79 10.79

0.1379 2.72 2.72

0.2068 2.13 2.13

25mm

0.02068 32.37 32.37

0.1379 8.15 8.15

0.2068 6.38 6.38

100mm

0.02068 97.12 97.12

0.1379 24.46 24.46

0.2068 19.14 19.14

Cat Rup

0.02068 291.36 291.36

0.1379 73.37 73.37

0.2068 57.41 57.41


SN Scenario


Leak

Size in

mm


Overpressure Level

Overpress

ure in bar 2F 5D

2 IS2


arm to inlet of LPG

Bullet

5mm

0.02068 2.28 2.23

0.1379 2.02 1.98

0.2068 0.64 0.63

25mm

0.02068 6.83 6.69

0.1379 6.07 5.95

0.2068 1.92 1.88

100mm

0.02068 13.66 13.39

0.1379 12.14 11.89

0.2068 3.83 3.76

FBR

0.02068 68.3 66.94

0.1379 36.41 35.68

0.2068 11.5 11.27

3 IS3

Piping from LPG Bullet

to Tanker passing

through Compressors

5mm

0.02068 4.55 4.46

0.1379 4.05 3.96

0.2068 1.28 1.25

25mm

0.02068 13.66 13.39

0.1379 12.14 11.89

0.2068 3.83 3.76

100mm

0.02068 27.32 26.77

0.1379 24.27 23.79

0.2068 7.67 7.52

FBR

0.02068 136.6 133.87

0.1379 72.81 71.36

0.2068 23.01 22.55

4 IS4


LPG Bullets to suction

of LPG pumps

5mm

0.02068 5.46 5.35

0.1379 4.85 4.76

0.2068 1.53 1.5

25mm

0.02068 16.39 16.06

0.1379 14.56 14.27

0.2068 4.6 4.51

100mm 0.02068 32.78 32.13

0.1379 29.13 28.54


SN Scenario


Leak

Size in

mm


Overpressure Level

Overpress

ure in bar 2F 5D

0.2068 9.2 9.02

FBR

0.02068 163.92 160.65

0.1379 87.38 85.63

0.2068 27.61 27.06

5 IS5

Piping from discharge

of LPG pumps to

Carousals Filling gun

(LPG Cylinder filling

operation)

5mm

0.02068 2.73 2.68

0.1379 2.43 2.38

0.2068 0.77 0.75

25mm

0.02068 8.2 8.03

0.1379 7.28 7.14

0.2068 2.3 2.25

100mm

0.02068 16.39 16.06

0.1379 14.56 14.27

0.2068 4.6 4.51

FBR

0.02068 81.96 80.32

0.1379 43.69 42.81

0.2068 13.8 13.53

Notes:

NR: Not Reached


Cat Rup: Catastrophic Rupture

Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)

A boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) is an explosion caused by the rupture of a

vessel containing a pressurized liquid above its boiling point.

Fireball due to BLEVE in Road Tanker

Table 7.12 Fireball (BLEVE) distance for Road Tanker

Scenario Maximum Distance for BLEVE (Fireball)

Radiation kw/m2 2F 5D

Road Tanker (IS1)

4 376.46 376.46

12.5 187.47 187.47

37.5 NR NR


7.2.8 Likelihood Estimation

Frequency analysis was conducted for each of the release scenarios identified based on the

number of potential leak sources contained within each isolatable section. Leaks may occur from

various components such as tanks, pumps, pipes, valves and flanges. Each component has a

generic historical leak frequency per single item such as a leak frequency per flange-year or per

meter of pipe per year. Generic failure data for equipment and piping items is derived from

historical leak frequency data compiled by the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

(OGP). For components other than Tanks, Report No. 434 – 1 – Process Release Frequencies dtd

March 2010 has been used and for storage tanks, Report No. 434 – 3 – Storage incident

frequencies dtd March 2010 has been referred to.

Failure Frequencies

This scenario is considered only for Underground Storage mounded vessels. Under section 2 of

Report No. 434 – 3 the failure frequency of Underground/submerged Storage mounded vessels

is 1.1 × 10-7/avg year.

For other scenarios, the failure frequency has been estimated using parts count approach. The

total leak frequency for any scenario is estimated by counting the number of each type of

component in the section. This process is called ―Parts Count‖. The generic leak frequencies are

then multiplied by the number of corresponding components in each isolatable section to obtain

the overall leak frequency for that section.

The calculated frequencies are given here below –


Table 7.13: Estimated Failure Frequency


7.2.9 Risk Analysis

This section deals with the risk assessment of IOCL LPG Bottling Plant installed at Una. The

risk of LPG Bottling Plant, Una is calculated based on consequences, parts count, failure

frequency, ignition sources etc.

A Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) is used to determine the risk caused by the use, handling,

transport and storage of hazardous substances. The results of the QRA are, for example, used to

assess the acceptability of the risk in relation to the benefits of the activity, to evaluate new

developments on and off-site, to estimate the benefit of risk-reducing countermeasures and to

determine zoning distances around an activity for land-use planning. QRAs are used to

demonstrate the risk caused by the activity and to provide the competent authorities with relevant

information to enable decisions on the acceptability of risk related to developments on site, or

around the establishment or transport route.

7.2.10 Risk Contours

Location specific individual risk (LSIR) is a measure of the risk exposure of an individual who is

continuously present at a particular location for the whole year.

This is a graphical representation of the risk estimated. Individual risk estimated for LPG

Bottling Plant, Una is superimposed on layout and has illustrated below,


0.00 0.20 0.40

km

Figure 7.3: Risk Contour for LPG Bottling Plant, Una


It can be seen that the risk level of 1E-04/avg year is surrounded to the LPG Bulltes and LPG

Compressore area.

Above figure shows the risk impact of the entire facility. It can be seen easily that though the risk

contour goes beyond the facility is 10E-07/avg year, there is no other populated facility which

will get affected.

FN Curve

The FN Curve shows the frequency (F) with which events cause N or more fatalities. F-N curve

for risk posed by LPG Bottling Plant, Una on public surrounding is given here below. The risk is

well within ALARP limits

Figure 7.4: FN Curve for LPG Bottling Plant, Una

IRPA and PLL

Individual Risk per Annum (IRPA) and Potential Loss of Life (PLL) are estimated based on the

LSIR at the locations. Figure above shows that the risk at the office building is less than 1E-

07/avg year. Therefore the IRPA and PLL also fall under broadly acceptable region.

7.2.11 Conclusion

The risk analysis shows that the risk is below 1E-04/avg year. After benchmarking the risk

against PNGRB‘s Individual Risk Acceptance criteria, the risk is within ALARP or Tolerable


Region – (Risk is tolerated only – High, investigate alternatives)region which means that normal

precautions shall be maintained.

However, in case of emergency there should be availability of the fire fighting system to control

fire and also the vehicles to escape from hazardous area.

7.2.12 Recommendations

The facility handles storage and handling of LPG which is highly inflammable in nature.

Considering the hazard associated with storage and handling of LPG, state-of-art safety and

security system has to be conceived to eliminate the hazard.

LPG detection system provided at LPG handling area shall be tested to initiate an alarm at its

installed location at regular intervals to check its operability.

A regular scheduled plant inspection shall be done for excess flow check valve in the road

tankers and the excess flow check valves on the liquid transfer line to avoid escape LPG

during loading/ unloading operations. OISD-135 on ―Inspection of Loading and Unloading

Hoses‖ for petroleum products shall be followed for inspection and maintenance of loading/

unloading hoses.

Use of mechanical equipment & tools that easily generate sparks in operation should be

prohibited.

Attention should be given to avoid possible sources of ignition. Ensure strict implementation

of ‗NO SMOKING‘ and ‗NO MOBILE‘ at the facility to minimize ignition chances. The

vehicles entering inside the plant should be ensured to be fitted with flame arrestors.

It is to be ensured that all the employees are thoroughly trained in emergency procedures.

This will include recognition of alarm signals (initial alarm, emergency, evacuation) and

personal action on instruction to evacuate.

Operating personnel should be adequately trained.

Work permit system must be implemented mandatorily for hazardous work in the plant.

Safety manual and Public awareness manual needs to be prepared and distributed to all

employees and nearby public.

Water sprinkler arrangement should be always in working condition at the pumps area

compressor area etc.

Entire storage and handling facility should be covered under fire hydrant and monitor loop.


Small leaks could occur frequently during routine operations like pump seal failure, sample

point valve or drain valve left open, flange leak etc. They should be attended to immediately

as they could escalate.

Periodic preventive maintenance of pumps, valves, flanges, nozzles, flame arrestors, breather

valves etc. must be done.

Inspection and testing of the major equipments e.g. LPG storage, LPG pumps and

compressors etc. should be done at regular intervals for ensuring their health and condition

monitoring.

Safety as a consideration; ensure the facility must be automated in order to avoid delays in

mitigating the risks unlike in manual operations.

Loading/unloading operations should be done with proper earthing/bonding.

Security circuit containing fusible plugs to detect heat/fire and thereby closing ROVs in case

of fire

Emergency push buttons should be provided in LPG control room and also in field at safe

location for manual actuation of emergency shutdown interlock by the operator.

The DG sets must be periodically tested on load to ensure that it remains always in operating

condition.

Ensure selection of electrical/lighting equipment‘s based on HAC (hazardous area

classification).

Cathodic protection should be provided for mounded storage vessels on the external surface.

In order to reduce the frequency of failures and consequent risk, codes, rules and standards

framed e.g. OISD 144, SMPV rules (Unfired), gas cylinder rules etc. should be strictly

followed with respect to construction of new facilities.

7.3 Disaster Management Plan

Disaster Management involves planning what to do before, during and after a disaster or

emergency occurs.

Disaster Management plan involves the contribution of both internal (organizational) and

external agencies for its successful implementation. Individual units have to be prepared for

emergencies that may result in consequential damage to people or property in surrounding areas.


As per the MSIHC Rules, any incident which has a potential of causing Offsite damage must be

indicated to the District emergency authority (the District Magistrate and his emergency response

team).

The ERDMP identifies the safe transition from normal operation to emergency operations and

systematic shut down, if any, and the delegation of authority from operations personnel to

emergency response personnel. For this purpose, the plan shall identify an emergency response

organization with appropriate lines of authority with succession planning and actuating the

response management. The plan shall identify each responder's position, mission, duties and

reporting relationship

Overall objectives of an emergency control organization is:

To promptly control problems as they develop at the scene.

To prevent or limit the impact on other areas and off-site.

To provide emergency personnel, selecting them for duties compatible with their normal

work functions wherever feasible. The duties and functions assigned to various people shall

include making full use of existing organizations and service groups such as fire, safety,

occupational health, medical, transportation, personnel, maintenance, and security.

Employees must assume additional responsibilities as per laid down procedure of erdmp

whenever an emergency alarm sounds.

In setting up the organization, the need for round-the-clock coverage shall be essential. Shift

personnel must be prepared to take charge of the emergency control functions or emergency

shutdown of system, if need be, until responsible personnel arrive at the site of emergency.The

Fire order has been prepared with an alternate person and arrangement for each function.

7.3.1 Emergency Organization Set-up

Role of key personnel is clearly defined to avoid confusion and to meet the emergency

effectively. The Chief Incident Controller and the Site Incident Controller are two main positions

for effective control of an emergency at site. They shall be supported by Emergency

Management Team comprising of technical resources from Operations & Maintenance,

mechanical, electrical, instrumentation, civil, communications, technical services etc. Fire &

Safety, Security, HR (Personnel & Administration), Finance & Accounts, C&P personnel shall

also take due roles & responsibilities.

Also following coordination functions are not nominated separately but assigned to members of

Support & auxiliary services.

Human resources and Welfare Services


Transport and Logistic Services

Media and Public relations

Operation and technical Coordination

7.3.2 On site Emergency:

ERDMP Fire Organization chart for Onsite Level -01 & Level-02 emergencies during General

shift as well as off shift hours are displayed.

1. First responder is operator or maintenance worker who on discovering fire /

explosion / gas Leak shall inform to location in-charge/ area supervisor .

2. Call for ‗HELP‘.

3. Try to extinguish or contain fire with help of nearest available fire extinguisher,

water hydrant, without endangering himself.

4. Immediately notify control room confirm location, type & extent of emergency,

numbers of injured, if any and nature if injuries, name of reporter etc.

5. Control room operator shall inform to Base In-charge who shall take charge to deal

with emergency, inform to O&M In-charge.

6. Fire coordinator shall take immediate ‗turnout‘ and action to control emergency.

7. Security coordinator shall carry out rescue operations at site and control of

personnel to those required for emergency control.

8. Shift in-charge security shall contact, Plant Manager (SIC), & Manager (Plant) HSE

Officer and apprise them about nature & extent of emergency.

9. Shift-In-charge –Security ( Main Gate) shall

Communicate emergency message to All Plant Officers

Organize arrangement for transportation of officials to site.

Inform all duty/ off duty drivers to turn up for duty.

10. Plant Manager & All other officers shall rush to site with members of Emergency

Management team and take action to mitigate / contain emergency.

11. All coordinators shall be at respective duty stations and obey instructions from PM.

12. PM will assume full responsibility of emergency action plan. He shall take decision

regarding level of emergency, start of Emergency Control Centre (ECC).


13. PM shall take necessary emergency control measures till situation is brought under

control. He shall initiate actions & decisions regarding:

Operation & maintenance

Shut-down of plant & equipment

Evacuation of personnel

Medical assistance to injured

Assistance from mutual aid members and external agencies.

Escalation of emergency & reporting incident to district authorities

Communication & assistance to affected public.

Table 7.14: On site-Emergency Organogram & IOCL Organogram Correspondence:

SN

Emergency Organization Chart

IOC Emergency Organogram

Primary Alternate

1 Chief Incident Controller Chief Plant Manger Mgr. (Plant)

2 Site Incident Controller Mgr. (LPG-Safety) Operations Officer

3 Administration Coordinator Asst. Mgr (Plant) Asst. Mgr (Plant)

4 Communication Coordinator Mgr (Plant) Mgr. (Plant))

5 Fire & Safety Coordinator Mgr. (LPG-Safety) Operation Officer

6 Emergency Management

Team Operations &

Maintenance Mechanical

Electrical

Instrumentation

Civil

Communication Services

Safety & Maintenance Section

7 Security Coordinator Mgr (Plant) Mgr (Plant)


8 Support & Auxiliary Services Team

HR & Welfare Coordinator

Transport & Logistics

Media & Public Relations

Medical Services

Finance Coordinator

Material Coordinator

S&D Section

Note:

1. Plant Manager shall be Chief Incident Controller for over all coordination.

2. Manager (Plant) shall be Site Incident Controller at Site.

3. All Coordinators shall report to the Site Incident Controller at site

4. All IOCL Employees working inside shall assemble at ASSEMBLY POINT

in front of Admin.

(Here after all IOCL Employees means the persons whose role is not defined in action

plan)

5. Level - 1 Emergency: This is an emergency or an incident which can be

effectively and safely managed, and contained within the site, location or installation

by the available resources. It has no impact outside the site, location or installation.

6. Level- 2 Emergency: This is an emergency or an incident which cannot be

effectively and safely managed or contained at the site, location or installation by

available resource and additional support is required. It is having, or has the potential

to have an effect beyond the site, location or installation and where external support of

mutual aid partner may be involved. It is likely to be danger to life, to the

environment, to company assets or reputation

7. Level- 3 Emergency: This is an emergency or an incident which could be

catastrophic and is likely to affect the population, property and environment inside and

outside the installation, and management and control is done by District

Administration. ―Although the Level-III emergency falls under the purview of District

Authority but till they step in, it should be responsibility of the unit to manage the

emergency.‖

7.3.3 Emergency Action Plan for Emergency during Off- Shift Hours (Including Holidays):

1. During other than office hours (including holidays) the Security In-charge shall

perform the duties of Site Incident Controller. Security at Visitor Gate shall also


perform duties of Communication, Welfare & Medical, and Material Coordinator in

addition to his normal duties till the arrival of the concerned coordinator.

2. The Security in-charge in consultation with the site incident controller shall act upon

depending on the situation till arrival of the concerned coordinators for effective handling

of emergency. They shall take care of the safety of personnel, plant, property etc. Safe

operating procedures which are already in practice shall be followed.

3. All other non-essential personnel whose roll is not defined in the action plan shall

assemble at assembly points and wait for further instruction from CIC Control Room.

Table 7.15: Emergency Organogram during off-office hours (including holidays)

Emergency Coordinator IOCL designation

1 Chief emergency coordinator Security supervisor/Security team

2 Chief Incident Controller Chief Plant Manager

3 Site Incident Controller Manager (LPG-Safety)

4 Fire & Safety Coordinator Manager (LPG-Safety)

5 Security Coordinator Manager (Plant)


LPG Botling Plant, Una, Organization Chart

Figure 7.5: ERDMP Organogram for Level 1 & Level 2 (Onsite) Emergencies

7.3.4. Emergency During Working Hours of Week Days

Role of Fire-In-Chief:

He has to overall manage the situation including fire fighting and rescue operation.

He has to give instructions to the various team in-charges and guide them according to the

need of the situation.

He has to give instructions to the Rescue-in-charge to call for external help, if

required.

He has to ensure successful evacuation of employees and other people from the spot of

fire to a safe place, when their lives are in danger, and

To give instruction to the combat team in-charge for displaying the green flag, when the

situation is restored to normal.

First Fire Instruction:


In case of Fire/Leakage, the person on the spot has to stop his operation and will shout

―FIRE-FIRE‖ or ―LEAKAGE-LEAKAGE‖ as the case may be to attract the attention

of others. In case of fire, he will immediately operate the DCP FE‘s at the base of the fire.

The next person around the spot/ the next person to receive the information will then

immediately operate the nearest hand siren or MCP for spreading the alarm. MCP will

activate the electrical siren as well as shut down the electrical supply.

On hearing the hand-siren the security guard at gate no. 2 will operate the electrical fire

siren near gate no.02 and will indicate the needle on fire clock to the spot of fire. After this

the rest of the team and its members will act according to their role and as per the

instruction of the fire-in-chief.

7.3.5 Specification of Team Members And Their Duties

Combat Team

In-charge: Mgr(LPG-Safety)

Alternate In-Charge: Shed Officer.

Team Members: Carousal chargemen, Evacuation chargeman, Weight Reduction

Operator, R & D operators and their reliever, Cold Repair Chargeman, Line 1 & 2 relievers.

Duties As Per Work Station

Plant Officer/ Shed Officer: He will ensure closing of all major operations of the plant such

as Receipt, Bottling and Loading. He will then rush all the employees in the shed to the fire spot.

He will also have to advise all contract workers to move out of the plant to a designated

assembly place near Gate 01.

Receipt & Despatch Operators: They will rush to the fire spot & remove hose from the

nearest hose box and will be ready for hose handling along with Carousal chargeman as per the

instruction of the team in-charge.

Carousal Chargemen: They will close the LPG Valves of the carousal manifold and will

ensure removal of filling guns from the cylinders and reach the fire spot to be ready with fire

fighting hose.

Evacuation Chargeman: He will remove all the cylinders from the evacuation stand, put

safety caps on all the cylinders and rush to a monitor near to the fire spot and be ready for its


use.

Cold Repair Chargeman: He will stop the machine and fix safety caps on the operating

cylinder and will rush to the fire spot. He will also occupy a monitor near to the fire spot which

is un-occupied and be ready for its use.

Weight Reduction Operator: He will rush to the fire spot and will position himself at the

nearest Deluge Valve room for operation of sprinklers.

Other Chargemen/ Operators will rush to the fire spot and will await instructions of the Fire

Combating Team In-charge. They will carry one number of 10 Kg DCP/CO2 fire

extinguisher, according to the situation from the nearest spot of their work-station to the spot of

fire.

Auxiliary Team

In-charge: Assistant Manager(P).

Alternate In-Charge: Operations Officer

Team Members: Foreman, Chargemen, Operator, Junior chargeman.


Maintenance Officer: He will co-ordinate with the Fire-in-Chief and carry explosimeter to

check the presence of LPG vapour.

Product Pump House Chargeman: He will ensure that all LPG Pumps and LPG

Compressors are stopped and will then close all the valves. He will then rush to the fire spot.

TLD Chargeman: He will ensure that all TLF operations are stopped and the ROV on the TLF

liquid pipeline is also closed. He will then wait for the instructions of the Fire-in-chief to guide

the bulk trucks out through Gate no 3/ Gate no 4 (Emergency Gate).

FPH Chargeman: He will watch the discharge pressure of Fire Fighting Pumps and will

monitor auto-start of fire-fighting pumps as per the requirement. In case of non-starting of

fire-fighting pumps on auto, the same are to be started manually under instructions from the

team in-charge.

PMCC Electrician: He will keep track of the situation & restore power supply once all clear

is declared.

Security Supervisor: He will keep the registers of all labour and will guide the truck crew

and labors out from the plant.


Gantry Security Guard At Gate No 2: He will guide the TT crew / labourers to the assembly

zone near Gate no 02 & take a head count.

Maintenance Chargemen/ Operator: He will position additional 10 Kg DCPs FE‘x, Fire

Hoses, all kind of nozzles, etc., near the fire spot.

Security Supervisor: He will send two security guards from Gate 02 to the emergency gates 06

& 07 and one security guard from Gate 03 to the emergency gate 04, along with keys).

Emergency gates are to be opened only on receiving instruction from the fire-in-chief.

Rescue Team

Incharge: Manager (F)

Alternate In-Charge: Sr. Business Assistant .

Team Members: 2 Assistants & 2 BCWs


Senior Asst. (F): He will bring Public Address System & Helmet to the fire Spot and will

handover the same to Fire-in-chief.

Senior Asst. (F): He will rush First-Aid, Emergency Rescue Kit, Fire Entry Suit, Stretcher etc.

to the fire spot.

Senior Asst. (F): He will position the Red and Green flag at the fire spot. He will also

segregate the area into ―Safe‖ and ―Unsafe‖ using barricading tapes.

Rescue Team In-Charge: He will confirm from Fire-in-chief whether to contact Fire

Brigade, Police, Hospitals, etc. He will also send one member for controlling traffic at the

main gate of the Plant.

S&D Officer: He will position himself in Control Room for outside communication.

7.3.6. Off site Emergency:

IOCL LPG Bottling Plant, UNA Himachal Pradesh is notified as a ‗Major Accident

Hazard‘ installation under Manufacture Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals

MSIHC rules, 1989 of EPA. Therefore, it is required to formulate an Off-site Emergency Plan.


During offsite emergency chief incident controller will coordinate with district authorities for

effective coordination of District crisis management group as per the District disaster

Management plan circulated.

7.3.7. Roles & responsibilities:

During an emergency situation, Roles & Responsibilities (duties) of IOCL personnel‘s are

defined below:-

Chief Incident Controller ( Plant Manger):

1. Preparation, review & Updating of ERDMP Document as per Check list-5 (ERDMP

available with the facility)

2. Assessment of Situation, declaration of emergency and activate the action plan.

3. Mobilization of main coordinators & key personnel at respective locations

4. Activation of Emergency Control Centre (ECC).

5. Depending on seriousness of the emergency, seek assistance mutual aid members &

external agencies like Police, Fire Brigade, Hospitals etc.

6. Exercise control of the unaffected areas.

7. Continuously review and monitor the emergency situation.

8. Direct shutdown of Plant and evacuation of personnel as and when necessary.

9. Ensure that injured are receiving prompt medical treatment, take stock of casualties, if

any and that relatives are properly informed / advised.

10. Ensure correct accounting and position of personnel.

11. Taking decision in consultation with district authorities, when the Off-Site Emergency to be

declared.

12. Regulate vehicular movement in the Plant.

13. Arrange for chronological records of the incident / emergency.

14. If emergency is prolonged, arrange for replacement of emergency handling personnel.

15. Authorize statements to external agencies, media.

16. In case of escalation of situation which may leads to damage to nearby population

inform district authorities to warn nearby population.

17. Ensure that incidents are investigated and recommendations are implemented.


Site Incident Controller (Manager -Plant):

The Site Incident Controller (SIC) shall be identified by the Chief Incident Controller and

will report directly to him. Shed Incharge will act as SIC at their respective Area till the

arrival of SIC. Responsibilities of the Site Incident Controller shall include the following:-He

shall put in action workable emergency control plan, establish emergency control centre,

organize and equip the organization with ERDMP and train the personnel.

1. Immediately on knowing about the emergency, he shall proceed to the site.

2. Assess the level of emergency and apprise CIC / ECC about situation

3. Activate the emergency procedure / control plan as required.

4. Direct all operations within the affected area as per priority

5. Ensure affected area is cordoned off and all non-essential workers in the affected area are

evacuated to the assembly point.

6. Ensure search, rescue and fire fighting operation are started.

7. Minimize damage to plant, property & environment

8. Alert medical centre and any specialist support as required.

Administration and Communication Coordinator (Operations Officer):

Communications Coordinator shall ensure that:

1. ECC communication equipment and systems are maintained to a high standard and

functional throughout the emergency.

2. Back-up communication system is available in the event of the ECC Room is not

3. available.

4. Providing quality and diverse communication systems for use in routine and emergency

situations.

Fire Safety Coordinator – (DSO):

1. Activate local Siren(s).

2. Rush to the site and take charge of fire and rescue operations.

3. Work in close association with site incident controller / chief incident controller.

4. Render technical guidance and logistics to fire personnel.

5. Establish danger zone and arrange barricading if necessary.


6. Ensure sufficient fire fighting chemicals and rescue equipment‘s are available at site.

7. Ensure that fire water pump house is manned and sufficient hydrant pressure in fire

water mains and monitor water level in reservoir.

8. Arrange for additional fighting resources help from mutual aid partners & other fire

services if necessary, in consultation with site incident controller.

9. Coordinate with outside fire brigades and agencies for fire fighting / rescue operations.

10. Ensure that casualties are promptly sent to first aid Centre / hospital.

Support & Auxiliary Services Coordinator

1. Rush to his office and take charge of medical, welfare and media.

2. Activate medical Centre and render first aid to the injured by assigning first-aid personnel

to specific duties.

3. Arrange additional medical supplies, drugs and equipment‘s, spares for fire fighting,

as required.

4. Arrange ambulance for transporting casualties and coordinate with hospitals for prompt

medical attention to casualties.

5. Keep all the vehicles and drivers in readiness and send vehicles as per

6. requirement of different coordinators and officials. to mobilize transport to various

teams for facilitating the response measures;

7. to monitor entry and exit of authorized personnel into and out of premises;

8. Head Counts at assembly points.

9. Take care of public relation, inform relatives of injured.

10. Arrange canteen facilities and proper food / refreshment.

11. Arrange to meet emergency clothing requirement.

12. Arrange to contact the families of the injured.

13. Maintaining public relation and arrange media briefing wherever necessary

14. To control the mob outside, if any, with the assistance of the police and to provide

administrative and logistics assistance to various teams;

15. Issue press statement with the approval of Competent Authority / OIC.

16. Take help of welfare bodies, social organizations, NGO‘s, local administrations, blood

bank, blood donors, hospitals, doctors, ambulance services, water supply department,


transport hire service, catering services as per requirement.

17. Inform police, civil authorities, statutory authorities etc. with the approval of CIC.

18. Also, inform to Human Resources and Welfare Services Coordinator. Transport and

Logistics Services Coordinator, Media and Public Relations Coordinator, Operations and

Technical Coordinator.

(a) Haulage & House Keeping Team (Mechanical):

1. Rush to the site.

2. Work in close association with site incident controller.

3. Assist site incident controller in assessing scale of emergency and take corrective action to

minimize damage to equipment/ Plant in consultation with other coordinators.

4. Ensure that key mechanical personnel are present at site with proper tools.

5. Render technical guidance and logistics to mechanical personnel.

(b) Electrical contractor :

1. Rush to the site.

2. Work in close association with site incident controller.

3. Assist site incident controller in assessing scale of emergency and take corrective action to

minimize damage to equipment/Plant in consultation with other coordinators.

4. Ensure that key instrument personnel are present at site with proper tools.

5. Render technical guidance and logistics to instrument personnel.

6. Provide assistance to control room engineer for Plant shut down/instrument control

requirement.

7. Ensure that key electrical personnel are present at site with proper tools.

8. Render technical guidance and logistics to electrical personnel.

9. Ensure electric supply of affected equipment/area isolated if required.

10. Ensure proper lighting is provided during handling of emergency if required.

(c) Operations Coordinator

He shall proceed to control room immediately.

1. Assess the situation and apprise chief incident controller, site incident controller and

other key persons about the emergency situation

2. He shall handle Plant operations under directions of CIC.


3. He shall direct Emergency management team for appropriate action.

4. He shall monitor all critical process parameters, alarms and ensure safety of Plant &

equipment‘s.

5. Warn all the employees in the affected shed /Plant area and evacuate them to assembly

point if need arises.

6. Assign Time recorder to start Log of emergency as well as time recording.

7. Initiate rescue activities; and first aid need to be given to injured persons pending arrival

of ambulance.

8. Notify the adjacent areas.

9. Ensure that only persons having authorized duties enter their area

Security Coordinator (S&D Officer):

Security Coordinator reports to CIC / SIC and is responsible for security of installation during

emergency. He shall ensure that systematic efforts are launched and no confusion or

panic is created. He shall carry out following actions:

1. Assist F&S department in evacuation and escorting workers & visitors to assembly

areas.

2. Maintain security of premises in the event of evacuation.

3. Maintain the law and order; assist authorities in case of public unrest.

4. Close all gates, control traffic and allow only authorized persons to enter in consultation

with site incident controller / shift coordinator.

5. Cordon off the area of accident and coordinate with external security personnel if

necessary.

6. Direct the external help / authorities to respective coordinators.

7. Keep contact with security in order to seek mutual assistance as required.

7.3.8. Maintenance of ERDMP Records.

S&M Section maintains records for all kind of emergencies covering near Miss, Level-I,

Level-II and Level-III. Safety Officer will maintain separate registers for Incident Record,

Near Miss, Preliminary Accident report file etc. at their respective Base Stations.

Post–disaster documentation like resources deployed, relief, rehabilitation measures and lesson

learned to avoid re-occurrence of any such emergency need to be prepared by Safety Officer.


7.3.9. Time Recorder

An officer shall be assigned the responsibility is to maintain an accurate time record of key

information received from the incident or emergency location and to record the actions initiated

by the site incident controller and for implementing the emergency response actions below:

1. to record key incident events / actions on incident status board / display manually or

electronically;

2. to maintain essential equipment checklist status;

3. to ensure all status and information is up to date and correctly displayed;

4. to take all necessary recorded material to the alternate ECC room in the event of

emergency in main ECC room; and

5. To maintain a log book.

7.3.10. Communications Services.

1. The Communications Coordinator shall ensure the following actions below:

Ensuring the ECC equipment and systems are maintained to a high standard and remain

functional throughout the emergency.

Ensuring a back-up communication system is available in the event of the ECC Room is not

available.

Providing quality and diverse communication systems for use in

routine and emergency situations.


7.3.11. Communication Flow Chart

Note:

1. The Communication flow chart shown above is a typical communication flow chart for

notification of emergency.

2. Wherever communication exists for any level of emergency, it automatically implies that

the communication exists for all higher levels of emergencies.

Flow of Information:

(a) Control Centre shall receive the information form field either in person or from the various

systems available in the installation.

(b) On receipt of information, the control room/ Shed Incharge will actuate the ERDMP and

notify the emergency to site incident controller.

(c) Control room shift in-charge will act as site incident controller till arrival of designated

person.


(d) SIC or CIC depending upon the level of emergency will activate the ERDMP and inform

the concerned authorities as depicted above in the chart.

(a) ECC /Control Room In Charge:

1. Inform to respective sections/coordinators about the emergency.

2. Inform Chief incident controller, site incident controller.

3. Take suitable action to protect the Plant in consultation with site incident

controller, Section Operations.

4. Communicate message (telephone) to person(s) working in area/Plant.

5. Clearly note down type of emergency and the location.

6. Inform State Emergency coordinators as per emergency telephone list.

(b) Public Relations In charge:

A competent and well equipped Public Relations / Information officer well trained in media

relations shall be assigned responsibility of interacting with media, government agencies, local

organizations and the general public. Initial releases shall be restricted to statements of facts

such as the name of the installation involved, type and quantity of spill, time of spill, and

countermeasure actions being taken. All facts must be stated clearly and consistently to

everyone. Plans shall also be developed to utilize local media and television stations for

periodic announcements during an emergency. This shall also assist in reducing rumours and

speculation.

Role of Police Department

Police Control Room on receiving the emergency message shall communicate to District, Civil

and Police Officials on wireless network. On arriving at facility they shall help in following

manner:

They shall help in traffic control, provisions of alternate traffic within the area of

responsibility.

Helping in evacuation of persons and domestic animals in the affected area.

Preventing unauthorised entry of the personnel in the affected area.

Controlling bystanders, identifying the dead and dealing with causalities and informing

relatives of death or injury.


Role of Fire Service

It is the responsibility of Chief Fire In-charge to call for external help like fire brigade, Police

and help from ―neighbouring industries‖, in case of a probability of a major hazard. Till the

arrival of the Chief fire officer of the area, the Chief Fire In-charge will supervise the rescue and

fire fighting operations.

However, after the arrival of the CFO, the CFO shall take command. Chief fire In-charge shall

help him in the fire fighting work. Fire service on advice of Chief fire In-charge shall also

contact agencies to render assistance for fighting fire, arranging for rescue, evacuation and

medical aid.

Keeping the above in view, fire service shall familiarise themselves with the location of onsite

stores of flammable materials, water and other fire fighting equipment. As such, the brigade is

familiar with the installation.

Role of District Authorities

Following action shall be taken by the district authorities:

Evacuation of nearby villages when required.

Arranging for transportation of victims to hospitals and coordinating with hospitals for

admitting the victims.

Arranging for education of the people nearby, regarding the possibilities.

To nominate the persons to be contacted during disasters for coordinating of various activities.

Arranging for additional fire tenders from nearby areas.

Emergency DO'S AND DON'TS

DO'S DON'TS Any One

Noticing

An Emergency

Situation

Actuate nearest fire alarm manual call

point and /or inform CR/Fire Station on

telephone or inform the supervisor. Wait

till arrival of fire crew and direct then to

the site of emergency. Then report to the

assembly point.

DO NOT panic and avoid

running all over the place,

prevent other from doing so.

DO NOT enter the site unless

instructed or all clear

siren/message is heard. Contractor

Personnel

Stop work on hearing alarm. Assemble at the

ASSEMBLY POINT and be ready to

evacuate.

DO NOT enters the site, till it is

cleared for the normal work

by site incident controller.


DO'S DON'TS Security

Keep the gate manned; Keep the road clear

for movement of fire tenders. Control

traffic at gates.

DO NOT allow

unauthorized visitors free to

enter. Visitors Leave the place and assemble at assembly

point.

DO NOT enter the site if

emergency alarm is heard.

All

Other

Employees On

Site

On hearing FIRE alarm, go to assembly

point and wait for further instruction.

DO NOT panic. DO NOT go to

the site of emergency unless

specifically instructed by site

main/incident controller.

List of Coordinators and Their Contact Numbers

Name Designation Grade Location Mobile No

Mr. Satnam Singh CPM E Una BP 8427588996

Mr. Rakesh Kumar Sood MGR(PLANT) C Una BP 9464306545

Mr. Naresh Kumar MGR(FIN) C Una BP 9034083920

Mr. Amit Sharma MGR(LPG-SAF) C Una BP 9736023387

Mr. Hans Raj Kaundel AM(PLANT) B Una BP 8894585801

Mr. Sanjeev Kant Kashyap AM(PLANT) B Una BP 9416400615

Mr. Anant Kumar Singh Ops Officer A Una BP 9816637695

Mr. Ashok Kumar Balmiki Sr. Optr.(F) 6 Una BP 9906228852

Mr. Hardeep Singh FMAN(F) 5 Una BP 9779740206

Mr. Anand Singh FMAN(F) 5 Una BP 7589093413

Mr. S Kumar Sundhu SR.BUS.ASST. 5 Una BP 9816845199

Mr. Balu Ram F'MAN 5 Una BP 9356823015

Mr. Jasvir Singh CMAN(T) 4 Una BP 9417315508

Mr. Rajesh Kumar Sharma CMAN(T) 4 Una BP 9805621386

Mr. Puneet Pathania BUS.ASST. 4 Una BP 9416966128


Mr. Vipen Sharma C'MAN 4 Una BP 9465585330

Mr. Manoj Kumar OPTR 2 Una BP --

Mr. Vijay Kumar JR OPTR 1 Una BP 9023930893

Mr. Sachin Pal JR OPTR 1 Una BP 8010450097

Mr. Bhupender Singh Rawat JR.OPTR 1 Una BP --

Mr. Pankaj Chaudhary JR.OPTR 1 Una BP --

Mr. Ashish Sharma JR.OPTR 1 Una BP --

Mr. Amrinder Singh JR.OPTR 1 Una BP --

(Address & Telephone directory of Civic Authorities)

Sl No. Name Designation Office Ph Nos.

District Administration

1 DC Office DC, UNA 01975-225800

2 SP Office SP, UNA 01975-225056

Police Administration

1 S P Office SP, UNA 01975-225056

2 Police Station Choki Incharge,

Mehatpur 01975-232012

Health/Hospital

1 Hospital UNA Government Primary

Health Centre 01975-223068


External Resources:

Particulars Name Address Ph. No.

1. Fire Station Fire Station Una 01975-228101

2. Ambulance Ambulance,

Basdehra

Basdehra, Mehatpur,

Una

9816173330

3. Hospitals Government General

Hospital Una

01975-223068

4. Police Station CHOKI

INCHARGE

Mehatpur 01975-232012

5. Drug Stores Sahore Medical

Store

Basdehra 9318510617

6.District Administration

/ Collector

Shri Abhishek

Kumar

Una 01975-225800

7. Availability of Cranes

Ravinder Singh Tahliwal 9816645407

8. Local PWD / CPWD Water supplies,

sand, morum,

vehicles etc.

Assistant Engineer Mehatpur 9418142431

9. Local Army, Navy, Air Force authorities

Not available in

Mehatpur

-- --

10. Any major industry nearby

Nil -- --

Identification of Communication Resources:

Particulars Name Address Ph. No.

1.Public Address

System

Not available -- --

2. Retail Outlets Mehatpur Filling Station Mehatpur 9815537711

3. RailwayStation Station Supertendent Railway Station Una 9459509495


4. Power Houses Assistant Engineer Mehatpur 01975-238509

5. Civil Authorities Shri Abhishek Kumar

Una 01975-225800

Siren codes:

(1) The Emergency siren/s should be located suitably to cover the whole area with the

operational control within the installation. These should be tested at least once in a week

to keep them in working condition.

(2) Emergency siren code should be as follows, namely: -

(a) Emergency Level-I: A wailing siren for two minutes.

(b) Emergency Level-II and III: Same type of siren as in case of Level – I and II but the same

will be sounded for three times at the interval of one minutes i.e.( wailing siren 2min +

gap 1 min + wailing siren 2min + gap 1min + wailing siren 2min) total duration of

Disaster siren to be eight minutes.

(c) ALL CLEAR: Straight run siren for two minutes.

(d) TEST: Straight run siren for two minutes at frequency at least once a Week.

The above siren codes are displayed at prominent places of the plant.

Note: For more details ERDMP as per PNGRB Regulation available with the facility.


CHAPTER8: PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 Project Benefits

The Proposed augmentation project will have indirect positive impact on surrounding area which

is as mentioned below:

Augmentation will be carried out within existing premises; hence no displacement of people

is required

Substantial Socio-economic benefits

Good Techno-commercial viability

Around the project site semi-skilled and unskilled workmen are expected to be available

from local population in these areas to meet the manpower requirement during construction

phase.

Infrastructural facilities will be improved due to the project

Secondary employment will be generated thereby benefiting locals

Thus a significant benefit to the socio-economic environment is likely to be created due to the

project.

8.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure

The project will improve supply position of LPG in Himachal Pradesh State.

Maintain continuity of LPG gas cylinder supply to the consumers through distributors.

Increase the days cover for LPG storage.

Safety measures for hazard detection and prevention system will be upgraded as per OISD-

144/OISD-150.

By adding 2x600 MT Mounded Bullets, risk profile of the existing plant will not be

enhanced.

Discourage deforestation and reduce the use of fire wood and fossil fuels.

Establishment of large developmental projects improve the availability of the physical

infrastructures like approach roads, drainage, communication and transportation facilities etc.

8.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure

IOCL Una LPG Plant shall take up some community welfare activities under Corporate Social

Responsibility and also improve the social infrastructures like education and health care system

etc.


8.4 Employment Potential

The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled

categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities,

reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction

activities.

The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities

exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to

provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.

8.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development

IOCLnot only carries out business but also understands the obligations towards the society. The

unit is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfill the social obligations unit will

employ semi-skilled and unskilled labor from the nearby villages for the proposed augmentation

project as far as possible. Unit will also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the

nearby villages by appointing local contractors during construction phase as well as during

operation phase. The Project Proponents will contribute reasonably as part of their Corporate

Social Responsibility (CSR) in and will carry out various activities in nearby villages.

Completed and proposed CSR activities by IOCL for the proposed expansion are shown in the

following table:

Table 8.1: CSR Activities by IOCL

Sr.

No.

CSR activities in

vicinity of plant Place

Approx

Expenditure

(In Lakhs)

Status

Completed CSR

1

Solar LED street

Lights

Village Raipur

Sahoran&Charatgarh, Distt Una 12 Completed

2 Public Toilets Village Raipur Sahoran, Distt Una 9 Completed

3

Solar LED street

Lights Village Pikhubella, Distt Una 17 Completed

4

Solar LED street

Lights

Village AbadaBarana,

Jankaur&Sunehara, Distt Una 17 Completed

Proposed CSR

5

Tube-well for stray

cattle shed Village Raipur Sahoran, Distt Una 1 Proposed

6

Solar LED street

Lights

Village Sasan, Khanpur,

Lamlehra&Bhadoli Kalan, Distt

Una 15 Proposed


8.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer

This project will contribute additional revenue to the Central and State exchequer in the form of

excise duty, income tax, state sales tax or VAT, tax for interstate movement, corporate taxes etc.

Indirect contribution to the Central and State exchequer will be there due to Income by way of

registration of trucks, payment of road tax, income tax from individual as well as taxes from

associated units. Thus, the proposedagumentation project will help the Government by paying

different taxes from time to time, which is a part of revenue and thus, will help in developing the

area.

8.7 Other Tangible Benefits

Both tangible and non-tangible benefits will result from this activity and many of those are

described above. Apart from direct employment, many other benefits will accrue like

Erosion control by nalla training, terracing and bunding

Flood control by rain-water arresting, and harvesting

Aesthetics improvement by general greening with emphasis on biodiversity

Developed economy strengthens democratic set-up.

Developed economy brings with it literacy and healthful living

Improved safety-security in surrounding with better Law and Order

Symbiosis and sustainable development will be the ultimate objective


CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Not recommended at the Scoping stage


CHAPTER 10. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1 Introduction

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides an essential link between predicted

impacts and mitigation measures during implementation and operational activities. EMP outlines

the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation

and operation to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to

implement these measures.

The likely impacts on various components of environment due to the project during

developmental activities have been identified and measures for their mitigation are suggested.

The EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential biophysical

and socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each attribute, or operation, which could

otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented:

A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures

Parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action

Timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are

fully met

The EMP comprises a series of components covering direct mitigation and environmental

monitoring, an outline waste management plan and a project site restoration plan. Therefore,

environmental management plan has been prepared for each of the above developmental

activities.

10.2 EMP during Construction Phase

Environmental pollution during construction stage will be limited and for a temporary period

during the construction activity. Construction shall be planned in such a way that excavated

material shall be disposed safely. The manpower required for these activities shall preferably be

employed from nearby villages so that avenues of employment will be open to local people.

Directly or indirectly all the environmental components get affected due to the construction

activity. The following environmental protection and enhancement measures are suggested for

implementation by the contractor or the authority during the construction as applicable.


10.2.1 Air Environment

The construction work will generate dust which will be controlled by periodical sprinkling of

water during working period.

The site will be provided with adequate and suitable sanitary facilities to maintain proper

standard of hygiene for construction workers.

The solid waste generated during construction activities will be sold back to supplier.

The hazardous material will be stored, handled & disposed of according to the guidelines of

HWMR Rules 2016 and subsequent amendment.

Diesel and other fuels would be stored in separate earmarked area as per the said guidelines.

10.2.2 Noise Environment

Complete construction work especially heavy work will be done during day time.

Vehicular movement carrying raw materials will be avoided during night time.

The vehicles will be regularly maintained and optimum use of the same will be made.

Adequate PPE‘s (ear plugs, ear muffs, helmet, mask etc) will be provided to the workers.

PUC certified vehicles will be used.

10.2.3 Water Environment

Measures will be implemented to prevent seepage of liquid materials into ground where it

could contaminate groundwater;

Ensure prompt cleaning up of accidental spillages

Measures will be followed to prevent the contamination of hydrological features by diesel,

grease, oil, etc. derived from the working area.

The machinery / equipment will be maintained in a good operating condition;

Specially designated areas will be created for vehicle maintenance;

Accidental spillages will be cleaned up promptly.

Curing water will be sprayed and after liberal curing, all concrete structures will be covered

with gunny bags this will conserves water

Provisions will be made to ensure the construction vehicles stick to the access track to

prevent mud & dirt being deposited on roads


Fence will be constructed around the site to trap sediments whilst allowing the water to flow

through.

All mud & dirt deposited on the roads from the construction activities will be cleaned.

Adopting good construction and engineering practices will help in mitigating the water

pollution.

10.2.4 Land Environment

Special care will be taken during deliveries of construction materials, especially when fuels

and hazardous materials are being handled

The solid wastes such as paints, lubricants, oil or any other non-biodegradable wastes that

have leachable constituents will be disposed to authorized recyclers.

A waste management plan shall be prepared or integrated with existing plan before the

commissioning, implemented and monitored. In areas, where soil quality for natural

vegetation is of critical concern, loosening of soil in such areas will be done to mitigate soil

compaction caused due to operation of heavy machinery.

10.2.5 Biological Environment

The region does not have dense vegetation and landuse is dominated by agriculture activities.

Following environmentalmanagement measures are recommended to mitigate adverse impacts

on biological environment during construction phase:

Native species will be preferred for plantation in addition to beautification plants/species.

10.2.6 Socio-economic Environment

Given that the project and related developments like construction camps will not be dependent

on local resources (power, water), during both construction and operations, the only likely

impact on infrastructure would be on the roads, during the construction phase. Considering the

high traffic emanating during construction phase an effective traffic management scheme will be

put in place to avoid congestion on the nearby and local roads. Local persons will get

employment during Construction phase.

102.7 Health and Safety

The movement of heavy equipment will be undertaken with proper precaution to prevent any

accidents on the road. Occupational risk shall be minimized at the project site through

implementation of a full proof safety system. Speed limit set for movement of vehicles with

20 km/hr on village roads to reduce risks of accidents or injuries.


Safety training shall be provided to all construction workers on operation of equipment.

Security shall also be extended during non-working hours to ensure there is controlled access

to the machinery and equipment.

The contractors shall also be vigilant to detect workers showing symptoms of communicable

diseases. Health checkup of the contract labors shall be done/ recorded at times. All illness

and incidents shall be reported and recorded.

10.3 EMP during Operation Phase

In order to mitigate the impacts due to capacity expansion of facility on various environmental

components, the following environmental management measures are recommended:

10.3.1 Air Environment

Leak detection and repair (LDAR) program has been implemented in the facility and shall be

extended for the proposed Mounded Storage Bullets system

Ambient air quality with respect to PM, SO2, NOx, H2S, CO and HC monitoring shall be

continued in the impact zone as per regulations

All access roads (internal as well as external) is being used by the project authorities have

been paved (either with WBM, concrete or bitumen) to suppress the dust generation along

the roads.

There is no continuous source of air pollutant from the operation of IOCL LPG bottling

plant. The sources of air pollutants are limited to the DG Sets and diesel engine driven Fire

water pumps. These sources of air pollutants are intermittent. During operation, these sources

would emit the exhaust gases.

Adequate stack height is installed on the D.G. set, while no additional D.G. set is proposed

for the proposed augmentation.

The existing facility operates in a well proven leak proof system, thus there is no continuous

source of fugitive emission from the process

10.3.2 Noise Environment

Similar measures as proposed in the construction phase for noise making machinery, to ensure

practicably low noise levels within the work environment.

The major areas of concern for noise generation have already been adequately addressed by

considering it during procurement of the machinery from vendors, project implementation

stage. Further feedback from the monitored noise levels at sensitive locations will be taken to

ensure that the impact due to high noise levels is practically minimized.

Regular Monitoringof noise levels for compliance with HSE regulations


Conducting periodic audiometric tests for employees working close to high noise levels.

Provision of PPE‘s shall be continued to be done and their proper usage will be ensured for

eardrum protection of the workers as well as visitors

Acoustic barriers and silencers shall be used in equipment wherever necessary

Sound proofing/ glass paneling have been provided at critical operating stations/ control

rooms, etc.

Monitoring of ambient noise levels shall also be continued to be carried out regularly both

inside the facility area as well as outside the peripheral greenbelt

10.3.3 Water Environment

For treatment of domestic sewage, STP has already beenprovided. Treated water is being

utilized for greenbelt/plantation

There are/will be no industrial effluent generated in this plant. However, waste water being

generated during washing of empty cylinders shall be re-circulated/ re-used after treatment.

There shall be no increase in quantity of waste water generation from operation of proposed

Mounded Bullets.

Rain Water Harvesting: The rain water harvesting program has been implemented in LPG

bottling plant. The system has been developed around the admn. Building, Truck Parking

area, Cold Repair shed, Empty cylinder shed in the plant. The practice shall be continued and

extended further.

10.3.4 Land Environment

Greenbelt in and around the facility will be strengthened/maintained

A record w.r.t quantity, quality and treatment/management of solid/hazardous waste shall be

continued to be maintained at environmental monitoring cell.

10.3.5 Solid/Hazardous Waste Management

Practically, no Solid Waste shall be generated from operation of proposed Bullets.

Used oil (5 LPM shall be disposed of through registered vendors as per Handling of Waste

Material and Transboundary Rules, 2016 and subsequent amendments


Sr.

No.

Schedule I



HPPCB norms

10.3.6 Biological Environment

Development of green belt with carefully selected plant species is of prime importance due to

their capacity to reduce noise and air pollution impacts by attenuation/assimilation and for

providing food and habitat for local micro fauna.

10.3.7 Socio-economic Environment

In order to mitigate the impacts likely to arise out of the proposed augmentation project and also

to maintain good will of local people, steps will be taken for improving the social environment.

Necessary social welfare measures by the industry shall be undertaken in gaining public

confidence and to meet local area development requirement. The following measures are

suggested:

IOCL shall continue to undertake social welfare programs for the betterment of the Quality

of Life of villages around in collaboration with the local bodies

Some basic amenities, viz. education, safe drinking water supply to the nearby villages may

be taken up

Regular medical checkup shall be continued at times in the villages around the facility

Focus shall be on to educate villagers regarding safety measure provided in the plant.

10.3 Rain Water Harvesting

Within the plant premises there is two numbers of ground water recharge pit. Rain water pipes of

rooftop of Administrative building, Electrical Substation buildings have been connected, so that

rainwater will flow to the ground pits of size 3m x 3m x 2m which would recharge ground water

and will help to maintain the water table of the area. Similar rain water harvesting system is

provided for the Canteen building.

We have also made an underground tank of 63 KL capacity for collecting rain water which is

used by the IOCL for gardening purpose. The size of tank is 5 m x 5m x 2.5m.

10.5 Corporate Social Responsibility

Completed and proposed CSR activities by IOCL for the proposed expansion are shown in the

following table


Sr.

No.

CSR activities in vicinity of

plant Place

Approx

Expenditure

(In Lakhs)

Status

1 Solar LED street Lights

Village Raipur

Sahoran&Charatgarh, Distt Una 12 Completed

2 Public Toilets

Village Raipur Sahoran, Distt

Una 9 Completed

3 Solar LED street Lights Village Pikhubella, Distt Una 17 Completed


Village AbadaBarana,

Jankaur&Sunehara, Distt Una 17 Completed

5

Tube-well for stray cattle

shed

Village Raipur Sahoran, Distt

Una 1 Proposed


Village Sasan, Khanpur,

Lamlehra&Bhadoli Kalan, Distt

Una 15 Proposed

Figure 10.1: Photographs of Different CSR Activity

Solar LED Street Lights

Village Raipur Sahoran

Public Toilets

Village Raipur Sahoran


CHAPTER 11. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

11.1 Consultants Engaged

This EIA report is prepared on behalf of the proponents, taking inputs from proponent‘s office

staff, their R and D wing, Architects, Project Management Professionals etc. by Environmental

Consultants M/s. Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory, Thane.

M/s Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory:

Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory [Lab Gazetted by MoEF – Govt. of

India] not only give environmental solutions for sustainable development, but make sure that

they are economically feasible. With innovative ideas and impact mitigation measures offered,

make them distinguished in environmental consulting business. The completion of tasks in

record time is the key feature of Ultra-Tech. A team of more than hundred environmental

brigadiers consists of engineers, experts, ecologists, hydrologists, geologists, socio-economic

experts, solid waste and hazard waste experts apart from environmental media sampling and

monitoring experts and management experts , strive hard to serve the clients with up to mark and

best services.

Ultra-Tech offers environmental consultancy services to assist its clients to obtain environmental

clearance for their large buildings, construction, CRZ, SEZ, high rise buildings, township

projects and industries covering sugar and distilleries from respective authorities.

Ultra-Tech also provide STP/ETP/WTP project consultancy on turn-key basis apart from

Operation and Maintenance of these projects on annual contract basis. Also, having MoEF

approved environmental laboratory, Ultra-Tech provide laboratory services for monitoring and

analysis of various environmental media like air, water, waste water, stack, noise and

meteorological data to its clients all over India and abroad.

The EIA team involved for the proposed EIA Report is as mentioned in Table 11.1.

Table 11.1: EIA Team

SN Name of the expert Area of functional Expert (NABET Accredited)

1 Mr.Timir Shah EIA Coordinator (Upto 28.02.2018)

2 Mr. Ramsushil Mishra EIA Coordinator from 01-05-2018

3 Mr. Shekhar Manohar Tamhane Air Pollution

4 Mr. Shekhar Manohar Tamhane Water Pollution

5 Mrs. Deepa Tamhane (Karnik) Solid Hazardous Waste

6 Dr. T. K. Ghosh Ecology and Biodiversity

7 Mr. Yogesh Raskar Socio Economic and Land Use

8 Mr. Debasish Sengupta Team Member

9 Mrs. Pamela Chowdhury Team Member


Functional area experts and assistance to FAE involved in the EIA study for ―M/s.Indian Oil

Corporation Ltd.‖ is as shown in Table 11.2:

Table 11.2: EIA Coordinator and Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA

S.N. Name Of

Sector

Name Of

Project

Name Of

Client

Name Of

EIA

Coordinator

Signature Functional Area Experts Involved

FA Name/s Signature

1. Schedule 6

(b)

Category

‗B‘

Proposed

augmentati

on in LPG

Bulk

Storage

capacity at

LPG

Bottling

Plant at

Mehatpur,

Una,

Himachal

Pradesh

M/s.Indian

Oil

Corporation

Limited

Mr.Timir Shah

(Upto

28.02.2018)

AP Mr.Shekhar

Manohar

Tamhane

WP Mr.Shekhar

Manohar

Tamhane

EB Dr. T. K.

Ghosh

Mr. Ramsushil

Mishra

(From 01-05-

2018)

SE

Mr. Yogesh

Raskar

SHW Mrs. Deepa

Tamhane

(Karnik)

Associate:

Mr.Timir

Shah

LU

Mr. Yogesh

Raskar

RH Ms. Ashwini

Ganvir

Team

Members

Mr.

Debasish

Sengupta

Mrs.

Pamela

Chowdhury


11.2 Laboratory for Analysis

NAME OF LABORATORY SCOPE OF SERVICES ACCREDITATION

STATUS

ENVIRON-TECH

Monitoring and Analysis of:

Ambient Air Monitoring

Stack Emission Monitoring

Bore Water(Analysis)

Domestic and Potable

Water(Analysis)

Waste Water(Analysis)

VALIDITY

23.04.2019

finalenvironmental impact assessment report · eia report for lpg bottling plant una, himachal...

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