final sbc & iecc std appartments thermel analysis

8/8/2019 Final Sbc & Iecc Std Appartments Thermel Analysis

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THERMAL ANALYSIS FOR

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

(APPARTMENTS)


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S.No. Contents

Page

1. Introduction

3

2. Methods to evaluate the thermal performance ofbuilding materials 4

3. Procedures for using the Total VA alternative method

5

4. Procedures for using the Performance approach

method 9

5. Analysis of the studies as per both codes

13

6. Solution for compliance to code requirements

14

7. Recommendation

17

8. Appendix 1

189. Appendix 2

27

10. Appendix 3

38

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1. Introduction:

The intension of the report is to verify and evaluate existing U values of wall,

roof, and glass for the apartment building in comparison with requirements

prescribed in the IECC 2009 and SBC 2007. Also to come up with proper

recommendations in the existing constructions to satisfy the above mentioned

code requirements.

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2. Methods to evaluate the thermal

performance of building materials:

a. Prescriptive package approach

b. Trade off approach

c. Software approach

a. Prescriptive package approach

A prescriptive packages approach lists the minimum R value or

maximum U factor requirements for each building component such as

windows, wall and roofs. The prescriptive package approach requires

minimal calculations and is the simplest method for demonstrating

compliance with the insulation and window requirements for residential

buildings.

b. Trade off approach: This approach allows for trade off s between all buildings envelope

components, heating and cooling equipment efficiencies. When applying

the trade-off approach to multifamily buildings the buildings can be

considered as a whole or a separate work sheet can be completed for each

individual dwelling unit.

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c. Software approachAn approved software program or calculation based methodology that

projects the hour -by-hour loads and annual energy use of a building.

d. Selected method in this analysis:Out of the above three methods, Trade-Off approach is selected to perform

this analysis. Two different trade off approaches are utilized due to the

differences in the prescribed U values of the various building envelope

components between IECC2009 and SBC2007. Following are the methods

as per IECC 2009 and SBC-2007:

a. Total VA alternative method (Trade-off method as per IECC

2009)

b. Performance method (Trade-off method as per SBC 2007)

1. Procedures for using the Total VA

alternative method (as per IECC 2009)

This VA alternative method determines whether this building as a whole

meets the code requirements. The following steps are implemented to

perform the analysis as per IECC - 2009.

3.1 Finding the climate zone

Determination of the degree days of the climate zone in which the

building is located. As per the SBC standard (Appendix 3, Table 2.2.2)

the degree days for DHARHAN is 3500 DD (As value for Jubail is not

specifically mentioned, this value is used).

As per the IECC 2009 Table no: 301.3(2) Zone number 2 is selected.

(See APPENDIX -3)

Degree day, Cooling Definition:

A unit, based on temperature difference and time, used in estimating

cooling energy consumption and specifying nominal cooling load of a

building in summer. For any one day, when the mean temperature is

more than 18C, there are as many degree days as there are degrees

Celsius difference in temperature between the mean temperature for

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the day and 18C. Annual cooling degree days (CDD) are the sum of

the degree days over a calendar year.

3.2 Evaluation of the PROPOSED VA values as

per given details:

The combined thermal transmittance value (V) of the gross area of the

exterior wall shall be calculated as follows.

a) Wall with insulation ( Details see Appendix 1.1)

b) Wall without insulation( Details see Appendix 1.2)

c) Windows( Details see Appendix 1.3)d) Window Aluminum frame ( Details see Appendix 1.3)

e) Doors ( Details see Appendix 1.4)

Definition of V Factor (Thermal

transmittance): The coefficient of heat transmission (air to air) through a building

component or assembly, equal to the time rate of heat flow

per unit area and unit temperature difference between the

warm side and cold side air films. (W/m2.k)(as per IECC 2009 std, Chapter-

2, page no: 7, see appendix 3)

VA for walls is calculated as follows:

VA = (V1 x A1) + (V2x A2) + (V3 x A3) + (V4 x A4) + (V5 x A5) (as per IECC

2009 std page no : 28, chapter no : 402.1.4), (see appendix - 3)

V = The average thermal transmittance of the gross area of the

exterior

Walls. (W/m2-k)

A = The gross area of exterior walls. (m2)

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V1= The combined thermal transmittance of the various paths of heat

transfer through the opaque exterior insulation wall area. (W/m2-k)

A1= Area of exterior insulation walls that are opaque. (m2)

V2= The combined thermal transmittance of the various paths of heat

transfer through the opaque exterior non - insulated wall area. (W/m2-k)

A2= Area of exterior non - insulated walls that are opaque. (m2)

V3 = The combined thermal transmittance of all glazing within the gross

area of exterior Walls.(windows) (W/m2-k)

A3 = The area of all glazing within the gross area of exterior walls.

(windows) (m2)

V4 = The combined thermal transmittance of all opaque aluminum frame

within the gross area of Exterior walls. (W/m2-k)

A4 = The area of all opaque aluminum frame within the gross area of

exterior walls. (m2)

V5 = The combined thermal transmittance of all opaque doors within the

gross area of Exterior walls. (W/m2-k)

A5 = The area of all opaque doors within the gross area of exterior walls.

(m2)

VA for roof is calculated as follows:

a) Roof ( details see appendix 1.5)

V A = (VR X AR) (as per IECC 2009 std page no: 28, chapter no:

402.1.4),

(See appendix 3)

V = The average thermal transmittance of the gross roof/ceiling

area,( W/m2-k)

A = The gross area of the roof /ceiling assembly, m2.

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VR = The combined thermal transmittance of the various paths of heat

transfer through The opaque roof /ceiling area. (W/m2-k)

AR = Opaque roof / ceiling assembly area. (m2)

3.3: Evaluation of the REQUIRED VA values as per IECC -

2009standard:

The requirement of the wall and roof V factors for various component can

be found From appendix 2, 3 as will be multiplied with

corresponding areas. V values as follows.

Vfactor roof/ ceiling = 0.18 (W/m2-k) (see appendix 2.4, 3, IECC

2009 Table no 402.1.3)

Vfactor for exterior wall = 0.655 (W/m2-k) (see appendix 2.1, 3,

IECC 2009 Table no 402.1.3)

Vfactor for exterior Fenestration = 3.69(W/m2-k) (see appendix

2.2, 3, IECC 2009 Table no 402.1.3)

3.4: VA method worksheet envelope calculation asper IECC - 2009:

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As per the building constructions As per the IECC - 2009

Roof

Descriptioninsulation

R- value

VFactor

W/m2-k

Area

(A) m2 VA

Required 'V'

Factor

W/m2-k

Area (A)

m2 VA

Roof R30 0.172 575 98.9 0.18 575 103.5

575 98.9

see details

appendix -2,3

see details appendix -

walls,windows and doors

Description

insulation

R- value

V Factor

W/m2-k

Area

(A) m2 VA

Required 'V'

FactorW/m

2-k

Area (A)

m2 VA

Insulated wall R13 0.39 1084.5 422.960.655 1084.5 710.3475

un - insulated wall 3.19 413.5 1319.1 0.655 413.5 270.8425

Windows(glass) 3.8 326 1238.8 3.69 326 1202.94

Aluminum frame 4.62 81 374.22 3.69 81 298.89

Doors (glass) 3.8 4.8 18.24 3.69 4.8 17.712

Aluminum frame 4.62 1.2 5.544 3.69 1.2 4.428

Metal door 2.5 9 22.5 3.69 9 33.21

1920 3373.3 1920 2538.37


see details

appendix - 2,3Total proposed VA= 3472.2 Total required VA= 2642

PROPOSED REQUIRED

Roof total area

Wall total area

Building Name : Residential Building (Apartments)

The Total PROPOSED VA must be less than or equal to the total REQUIRED VA for

compliancewith IECC -2009.

In this case the existing building construction Does Not Comply with the code VA

requirements.

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1. Procedures for using the performanceapproach method as per SBC 2007

standard:

This method determines whether this building as a whole meets the

code requirements. The following steps are implemented to perform the

analysis as per SBC-2007.

4. 1: Finding the climate zone & CDDAs per the SBC standard (Table 2.2.2) the degree days for DHARHAN is

3500 DD. (See APPENDIX -3)

4.2: Evaluation of the PROPOSED UoAo values as

per SBC -2007 std:

The combined thermal transmittance value (UO) of the gross area of the

exterior wall shall be calculated as follows.

a) Wall with insulation ( Details see Appendix 1.1)b) Wall without insulation( Details see Appendix 1.2)

c) Windows( Details see Appendix 1.3)

d) Window Aluminum frame ( Details see Appendix 1.3)

e) Doors ( Details see Appendix 1.4)

UoAo for walls is calculated as follows:

Uo Ao = (U1 x A1) + (U2x A2) + (U3 x A3) + (U4 x A4) + (U5 x A5) (SBC std

equation no 4-1), (see appendix - 3)

U0 = The average thermal transmittance of the gross area of the

exterior Walls. (W/m2-k)

Ao = The gross area of exterior walls. (m2)

U1= The combined thermal transmittance of the various paths of heat

transfer through the opaque exterior insulation wall area. (W/m2-k)

A1= Area of exterior insulation walls that are opaque. (m2)

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U2= The combined thermal transmittance of the various paths of heat

transfer through the opaque exterior non - insulated wall area. (W/m2-k)

A2= Area of exterior non - insulated walls that are opaque. (m2)

U3 = The combined thermal transmittance of all glazing within the gross

area of exterior Walls.(windows) (W/m2-k)

A3 = The area of all glazing within the gross area of exterior walls.

(windows) (m2)

U4 = The combined thermal transmittance of all opaque aluminum frame

within the gross area of Exterior walls. (W/m2-k)

A4 = The area of all opaque aluminum frame within the gross area ofexterior walls. (m2)

U5 = The combined thermal transmittance of all opaque doors within the

gross area of Exterior walls. (W/m2-k)

A5 = The area of all opaque doors within the gross area of exterior walls.

(m2)

UoAo for roof is calculated as follows:

a. Roof (details see appendix 1.5)

UO AO = (UR X AR) (SBC std equation no 4-5), (see appendix - 3)

UO = The average thermal transmittance of the gross roof/ceiling

area,( W/m2-k)

AO = The gross area of the roof /ceiling assembly, m2.

UR = The combined thermal transmittance of the various paths of heat

transfer through The opaque roof /ceiling area. (W/m2-k)

AR = Opaque roof / ceiling assembly area. (m2)

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4.3: Evaluation of the REQUIRED UoAo values as per

SBC standard:

The requirement of the wall and roof Uo factors can be found from

appendix 3.

UO factor roof/ ceiling = 0.15 (W/m2-k) (see appendix 3, SBC STD

figure NO:4.2.2(2))

UO factor for exterior wall = 1.2 (W/m2-k) (see appendix 3, SBC

STD figure NO:4.2.2(1))

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4.4: The performance method worksheet envelope

calculation as per SBC 2007 std:

As per the building constructions As per the SBC - 2007 std

Roof

Description insulationR- value

U FactorW/m

2-k

Area(A) m

2 UA

Required 'U'

Factor

W/m2-k

Area (A)m

2 UA

Roof R30 0.172 575 98.9 0.147 575 84.525

575 98.9

see details

appendix - 3




R- value

U Factor

W/m2-k

Area

(A) m2 UA

Required 'U'

Factor

W/m2-k

Area (A)

m2 UA

Insulated wall R 13 0.39 1084.5 422.96 1.2 1920 2304

un - insulated wall 3.19 413.5 1319.1 see etai sappendix - 3

Windows(glass) 3.8 326 1238.8

Aluminum frame 4.62 81 374.22

Doors (glass) 3.8 4.8 18.24

Aluminum frame 4.62 1.2 5.544

Metal door 2.5 9 22.5

1920 3373.3


Total proposed U0A0= 3472.2 Total required U0A0= 2389

PROPOSED REQUIRED

Roof total area

Wall total area


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The Total PROPOSED UoAo must be less than or equal to the total REQUIRED UoA

ofor compliancewith SBC -2007.

In this case the existing building construction Does Not Comply with the code UA

requirements.

1. Analysis of the studies as per both codes:

A careful analysis of the above worksheets for the VA method as per IECC 2009

or UA method as per SBC-2007, the biggest contributor to the high VA or UA

values is the un-insulated portion of the precast walls. Even though the un-

insulated wall area is only 413 m2 the thermal-bridging effect of this portion is

quite significant and it is almost off-setting the benefits of insulation in the other

portions of the precast wall.

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2. Solution for compliance to Code

requirements:Two possible solutions can be considered to enhance the existing construction to

meet the code requirements.

Solution 1:

Providing insulation to the un-insulated portions of the wall so as to have equivalent

performance matching with the insulated portions of the wall. Appropriate

insulation coverage shall be provided considering the thermal-bridging effect.

Solution 2:

Increase the insulation R values from R13 to R19 in the insulated portions of the

existing wall. Replace the existing glass with new glass having a U value 2.27

W/Sq.m-DegC.

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Solution : 1(considering all exterior non insulated wallinto insulated wall)

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As per the building constructions

Roof


R- value

U Factor

W/m2-k

Area

(A) m2 UA

Roof R30 0.172 575 98.9

575 98.9




R- value

U Factor

W/m2-k

Area

(A) m2 UA

Insulated wall R13 0.39 1498 584.22



Doors (glass) 3.8 4.8 18.24



1920 2215.5


Total proposed U0A0= 2314.4

PROPOSED

Roof total area

Wall total area


REQUIRED

As per the SBC - 2007 std

UoAovalues =2389

As per the IECC - 2009 st

VA values =2642

Based on the above worksheet, it is obvious that the building

construction can meet both the code requirements by implementing

solution 1.

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Solution: 2(considering R19 insulation and change thefenestration U values in

the PROPOSED values)

As per the building constructions

Roof


R- value

U Factor

W/m2-k

Area

(A) m2 UA

Roof R30 0.172 575 98.9

575 98.9



R- value

U Factor

W/m2-k

Area

(A) m2 UA

Insulated wall

(R13+6)R19 0.277 1084.5 300.41

un - insulated wall 3.19 413.5 1319.1



Doors (glass) 2.27 4.8 10.896



1920 2610.1

Total proposed U0A0= 2709

PROPOSED

Roof total area

Wall total area


REQUIRED

As per the SBC - 2007 std

UoAovalues =2389

As per the IECC - 2009 st

VA values =2642

Implementation of solution 2 does not satisfy any of the code

requirements.

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3.Recommendation:

7.1 Existing Construction

1. Provide insulation to the un-insulated portions of the wall so as to have

equivalent performance matching with the insulated portions of the

wall.

2. Appropriate insulation coverage shall be provided considering thethermal-bridging effect.

3. Proper details to provide appropriate insulation shall be developed by

the architect.

4. The SHGC of glass shall not exceed 0.3 as per IECC 2009.

7.2 Future Construction

1. Insulated pre-cast wall is not recommended. This walls do not have

complete insulation coverage throughout the entire area of the panels.

In each panel the edges of the panel are not insulated, which results inheavy thermal bridging effect almost nullifying the effect of the

insulated portions of the wall.

2. It is recommended to utilize standard pre-cast wall panels and to

provide separate insulation to provide complete coverage to the entire

area of the wall to satisfy the insulation requirements as per the code

requirements.

3. The Glass can be selected with a U factor of around 2.0 W/Sq.m-Deg.C.

4. The SHGC of glass shall not exceed 0.3 as per IECC 2009.

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APPENDIX: 1

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1.1 Proposed 50mm Thick Insulated wall:Construction details:

U value calculation:

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layersThickness of

layers (mm)

R value

(m2-k/w)

Inside surface resistance0.12

Precast concrete120 0.0845

R13 Thermal insulation 2.29


Outside surface resistance0.03

Total 2.5667

U value 0.390 W/m2-k

see details appendix -3(as per ASHRA

2009 chapter 26, table no :1)

Remarks

see details appendix -3(as per ASHRA2009 chapter 26, table no :1)


2009 chapter 26, table no 4)

see details drawings



Total area of the insulated wall = 1084.5 m2

1.2 Proposed Un insulated wall:Construction details:

430

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U Value calculation:

layers Thickness of

layers (mm)

R value

(m2-k/W)




Total 0.313


Remarks

see details appendix -3(as per

ASHRAE 2009 chapter 26, table no :1)


ASHRAE 2009 chapter 26, table no 4)


ASHRAE 2009 chapter 26, table no :1)

Total area of the un - insulated wall = 277 m2

1.3 Proposed Windows:Construction details and types:

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1200

50

2000

11200

1200

50

2000

1200

50

2000

1200

50

50

1600

50 725 50 725 50

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Windows details and U value:

Tag no QtyArea of the

glass (m2)

Area of the

aluminum

frame (m2)

U' value glass

(W/m2-k)

U' value of aluminum frame(W/m2-k)(as per ASHRAE

2009 chapter 15,table no:4,

see details appendix - 3)

W1 32 169.6 41.6 3.8 4.62

SC1 8 112.4 31 3.8 4.62

SC2 4 24.6 6 3.8 4.62

SC3 1 19.4 2 3.8 4.62

407Total areas

Total window areas = 407 m2

1.4 Proposed Doors:

Construction details and types:

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F.F.L.

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F.F.L.F.F.L.

Doors details and U value:

Tag no Qty

Area of

the glass

(m2

)

Area of the

aluminum

frame (m2

)

Area of

the metal

(m2

)

U' value of

glass

(W/m2

-k)

U' value of aluminum

frame (W/m2-k)(as per

ASHRAE 2009 chapter

15,table no:4, see detailsappendix - 3)


frame (W/m2-k)(as per

ASHRAE 2009 chapter

15,table no:6, seedetails appendix - 3)

DO 1 1 4.8 1.2 - 3.8 4.62 -

DO6 2 - - 4.26 - - 2.5

DO7 2 - - 4.5 - - 2.5

15Total areas

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Total door areas = 15 m2

1.5 Proposed Roof:

Construction details:

500

350

1200

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RoofU Value calculation:

layersThickness of

layers (mm)

R value

(m2-k/W)


hollow core roof slab250 0.266

structural concrete topping50 0.053

Thermal insulation(extrudepolystyrene)

150 5.28

Loose laid roof tiles40 0.0088


Total 5.7998


see details appendix -3(as per ASHR


Remarks







see details drawings



Total roof areas = 575 m2

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APPENDIX: 2

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layersThickness of

layers (mm)

R value

(m2-k/w)



R7 Thermal insulation1.25



Total 1.5267

U value 0.6550 W/ m2-k


2009 chapter 26, table no :1

Remarks

see details appendix -3(as per ASHRA2009 chapter 26, table no :1)



see details appendix -3(as per IECC

2009 table no 402.1.3)



Total area of the insulated wall = 1498 m22.2 Required Windows:


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1200

50

2000

11200

1200

50

2000

1200

50

2000

1200

50

50

1600

50 725 50 725 50

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Windows details and U value:

Tag no QtyArea of the

glass (m2)

Area of the

aluminum

frame (m2)

U' value of aluminumframe (W/m2-k)(as per

IECC 2009 std,table

no:402.1.3,see details

appendix - 3)

U' value of aluminumframe (W/m2-k)(as per

IECC 2009 std,table

no:402.1.3,see details

appendix - 3)

W1 32 169.6 41.6 3.69 3.69

SC1 8 112.4 31 3.69 3.69

SC2 4 24.6 6 3.69 3.69

SC3 1 19.4 2 3.69 3.69

407Total areas

Total window areas = 407 m2

2.3 Required Doors:


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F.F.L.

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F.F.L.F.F.L.

Doors details and U value:

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Tag no QtyArea ofthe glass

(m2)

Area of thealuminum

frame (m2)

Area of

themetal

(m2)


frame (W/m2-k)(as

per IECC 2009std,table

no:402.1.3,see detail

appendix - 3)

U' value of

aluminum frame

(W/m2-k)(as perIECC 2009 std,table

no:402.1.3,see

details appendix - 3)

U' value of

aluminum frame

(W/m2-k)(as perIECC 2009 std,table

no:402.1.3,see

details appendix - 3)

DO 1 1 4.8 1.2 - 3.69 3.69 -

DO6 2 - - 4.26 - - 3.69

DO7 2 - - 4.5 - - 3.69

15Total areas

Total door areas = 15 m2

2.4 Required Roof:

Construction details:

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500

3

50

1200

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RoofU Value calculation:

layersThickness of

layers (mm)

R value

(m2-k/W)


hollow core roof slab250 0.266

structural concrete topping50 0.053

Thermal insulation(extrudedpolystyrene) 5.03

Loose laid roof tiles40 0.0088


Total 5.5498



ASHRAE table no 4.3

Remarks


ASHRAE table no 4.3


ASHRAE table no 4.1


ASHRAE table no 4.1

As per IECC - 2009 ,see appendix -


ASHRAE table no 4.1

Total roof areas = 575 m2

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APPENDIX 3

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final sbc & iecc std appartments thermel analysis

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