final report of the united states virgin islands ... · the final portfolio maps can be found in...
TRANSCRIPT
Final Report of the United States Virgin Islands Conservation Planning Effort Presenting Results of
Spatial Analysis and Resulting Prioritization of Sites for Conservation
Shawn W. Margles
The Nature Conservancy
December, 2008
Acronyms
AES University of the Virgin Islands-Agricultural Experiment Station CCZP Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Comprehensive & Coastal Zone Planning CDSS Caribbean Decision Support System CES University of the Virgin Islands-Cooperative Extension Service CFMC Caribbean Fishery Management Council CMES University of the Virgin Islands-Center for Marine & Environmental Studies CZM Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Coastal Zone Management DEP Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Department of Environmental Protection DFW Department of Planning & Natural Resources-Division of Fish & Wildlife DPNR The Department of Planning & Natural Resources DPW Department of Public Works GIS Geographic Information Systems MBA Magen's Bay Authority MES University of the Virgin Islands-Marine & Environmental Studies NPS National Park Service SEA St. Croix Environmental Association TNC The Nature Conservancy USDA United states Department of Agriculture USGA United Stated Geological Service UVI University of the Virgin Islands VIDA Virgin Islands Department of Agriculture
Acknowledgements
This report was prepared on behalf of The Nature Conservancy under award number NA06NMF4630112 "Bridging the Gaps for a Territorial Marine Park System in the U.S. Virgin Islands" from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The views and conclusions in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Gratitude extends to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for making this research possible through financial support.
Summary The United Stated Virgin Islands Department of Planning and Natural Resources (DPNR) was charged with providing a conservation update to the Territorial Comprehensive Land & Water Use Plan (the Plan). In order to provide a knowledge based conservation recommendation, DPNR invited experts from across the territory to review existing data and develop a recommendation. This effort supports the establishment of territorial marine protected areas (MPAs) through the identification of important marine ecosystems and garnering the support of key stakeholders for a territorial conservation portfolio through an inclusive and science driven process.
This report presents the results of the spatial analysis conducted and the finial prioritized conservation portfolio. The selection and review of data and the subsequent analysis took place between May and September 2008. This effort was facilitated by The Nature Conservancy and its consultants.
Methods In order to prepare a conservation portfolio for the US Virgin Islands, this effort employed components of the Caribbean Decision Support System (CDSS). The CDSS was designed to meet the needs of natural resource managers across the region and support decisions they make to protect the region�s natural resources1. The CDSS has been used to aid a large-scale biodiversity assessment of the region carried out by The Nature Conservancy. The CDSS aids in identifying conservation portfolios to concentrate detailed planning and conservation strategies and so sustain the biological diversity of the region.
This effort used a participatory approach to build support for a territorial conservation portfolio. Between May and September 2008 a series of four stakeholder meetings were held with relevant experts. TNC and its consultants worked with DPNR to identify experts from across the territory to review existing data and develop the recommendation. Additionally, TNC and its consultants had numerous one-on-one meetings with interested stakeholders and experts to explain the scope of the work and gather input and feedback from interested 1 Huggins, A.E., S. Keel, P. Kramer, F. Núñez, S. Schill, R. Jeo, A. Chatwin, K. Thurlow, M. McPearson, M. Libby, R. Tingey, M. Palmer and R. Seybert 2007: Biodiversity Conservation Assesment of the Insular Caribbean Using the Caribbean Decision Support System, Summary Report, The Nature Conservancy.
and knowledgeable parties and organizations. Sixty experts were consulted over the course of this planning effort. A complete list of experts and their affiliation can be found in Appendix 1.
There were three main components to the overall analysis: 1) an environmental impact analysis 2) a relative abundance calculation and 3) an irreplaceablity index. The results from these three analyses were combined and used to generate the recommended conservation portfolios.
Environmental Impact Analysis: The environmental impact analysis used mapped impact elements (targets), identified by the expert group, to model an impact surface for the territory. The impact analysis measured cumulative levels of impacts across the landscape. Each identified impact was given a marine and terrestrial intensity and distance score by the territorial experts (Appendix 2). Due to the lack of data available for ocean currents this model does not account for that. However, the model does incorporate an accumulation/flow direction model, which was captured at outflow points along the coast. The impact analysis was used to determine mean impact scores for each planning unit. The environmental impact surface analysis maps can be found in Appendix 3.
Relative Abundance Calculation (RAC): A relative abundance calculation was conducted on target natural resources identified by the expert group (Appendix 4). The targets identified were stratified into three categories: 1) St. Croix 2) St. Thomas/St. John and 3) off shore cays. The RAC identified planning units within each of the three stratifications that had relative high abundance of the natural resource targets. The RAC for each planning unit is directly proportional to the amount of conservation target present in the planning unit (e.g. hectares of habitat, length of stream or number of occurrences). This calculation was used to identify the best remaining areas, in terms of target abundance, for each target or set of targets at the planning unit scale. The RAC calculated the relative uniqueness or rareness of a habitat or species across the stratified landscape categories. The relative abundance maps can be found in Appendix 5.
Irreplaceablity Index: The irreplaceablity index was determined using MARXAN software. MARXAN uses an optimization routine in which an initial portfolio of planning units is selected and then planning units are added and removed in an attempt to improve the efficiency of the portfolio. Many runs of the routine are used to find the most efficient portfolio and to calculate a measure of
irreplaceablity (used here to indicate the number of times a particular unit is chosen). In some cases, conservation targets are only found in limited sites � areas of high irreplaceablity that are always chosen in any representative portfolio. Additionally, areas of high irreplaceablity also include planning units, whose exclusion would require a proportionally larger conservation area network to achieve the same level of representation, resulting in a loss of portfolio efficiency. The algorithm used attempts to minimize portfolio total �cost� while meeting conservation goals in a spatially compact network of sites. The number of times each planning unit was chosen was used to identify planning units that were less replaceable and thus more important for conservation. The irreplaceablity index maps can be found in Appendix 6.
Designing the Portfolios
The three main analysis components were used to generate three portfolios 1) a conservation portfolio, 2) a promote development portfolio, and 3) a light development portfolio. The final portfolio maps can be found in Appendix 7.
Conservation Portfolio: The intention of the Conservation Portfolio is that these areas receive territorial priority for conservation measures. Planning units that had both high RAC scores and a high irreplaceablity index were identified as areas that should receive conservation priority. These are areas that are potentially rich in rare, intact, or otherwise important ecosystem habitats. Areas which were already under management were automatically added to this portfolio. Experts at the September 24th meeting added additional areas to the computed generated portfolio based on local knowledge of ecological important areas. Within the Conservation Portfolio, areas that have been more significantly impacted area identified.
Promote Development Portfolio: The Promote Development Portfolio consists of areas that have already been impacted and/or have little conservation value based on the absence of conservation targets and the ability to replace the units (e.g. low irreplaceablity scores). Planning units with low RAC scores and low irreplaceablity and high mean impact scores were identified as best candidates for development.
Light Development Portfolio: The Light Development Portfolio consists of areas which may have some conservation value but are not among the highest conservation value areas. These areas need more specific site level review before development should be permitted. Specific restrictions may be
necessary depending on the resources present and other local conditions in these areas. No development in these areas is also an option.
Appendix 1 � Experts Consulted Alphabetical by last name
First Name Last Name Agency or Affiliation Alton Adams Independent John Beagles Independent Rafe Boulon National Park Service Bethany Bradford, DVM Virgin Islands Department of Agriculture Virdin Brown Caribbean Fishery Management Council Jeanne Brown The Nature Conservancy Hubert Brumont Magen's Bay Authority James Byrne The Nature Conservancy Paul Chakroff St. Croix Environmental Association Marilyn Chakroff VI Department of Agriculture Errol Chichester Virgin Islands Department of Agriculture Will Coles Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Department of Fish & Wildlife Danny Coughlin, PE Independent Carol Cramer-Burke St. Croix Environmental Association Brian Daley University of the Virgin Islands-Agricultural Experiment Station Olasee Davis University of the Virgin Islands-Cooperative Extension Service Barry Devine, PhD Independent
Alexis Doward Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Department of Environmental Protection
Nadine Noorasan, PhD Department of Planning and Natural Resources Marjoirie Emanuel Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Coastal Zone Planning Mike Evans National Park Service Ken Haines Independent Consultant Dawn Henry Department of Planning and Natural Resources
Dwayne Henry Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Department of Environmental Protection
Aaron Hutchins Department of Planning and Natural Resources Nasseer Idrisi University of the Virgin Islands-Center for Marine & Environmental Studies Jeff Keularts University of the Virgin Islands-Cooperative Extension Service Barbara Kojis, PhD University of the Virgin islands/Independent Leia LaPlace Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Coastal Zone Planning Kemit-Amon Lewis Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Coastal Zone Planning Claudia Lombard National Park Service William McComb Independent
Wanda Mills-Bochachica Department of Planning and Natural Resources
Rick Nemeth, PhD University of the Virgin Islands-Marine & Environmental Studies
Annita Nibbs Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Department of Environmental Protection
Lihla Noori University of the Virgin Islands-Center for Marine & Environmental Studies Rudy G. O'Reilly Jr United states Department of Agriculture Louis Peterson, Phd Department of Agriculture Judy Pierce Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Department of Fish & Wildlife Renata Platenberg Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Department of Fish & Wildlife Michele Pugh Independent Gary Ray, PhD Independent
Appendix 1 � Experts Consulted Alphabetical by last name
Keith Richards Department of Public Works Caroline Rogers, PhD United Stated Geological Service Jerry Ronyon Independent Paige Rothenberger Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Coastal Zone Planning Robert Schusster Department of Education/Private Sector Dave Smith University of the Virgin Islands Tyler Smith University of the Virgin Islands-Center for Marine & Environmental Studies
Syed Syedali Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Department of Environmental Protection
Marcia Taylor University of the Virgin Islands-Center for Marine and Environmental Studies Toni Thomas University of the Virgin Islands-Cooperative Extension Service William Tobias Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Department of Fish & Wildlife Emily Tyner University of the Virgin Islands-Center for Marine and Environmental Studies Jennifer Valiulis Department of Planning and Natural Resources-Department of Fish & Wildlife Roy Watlington University of the Virgin Islands-Marine Science Adam Weis University of the Virgin Islands-Agricultural Experiment Station Jim Watson Independent Julie Wright United states Department of Agriculture Maurice Yabba National Guard
Appendix 2 � Environmental Impacts
Human Activity Source Date of Data
Terrestrial Distance (meters)
Marine Distance
Terrestrial Intensity
Marine Intensity
Agriculture Land Use File 1999 50 500 20 20
Airports Digitized 2008 1000 1000 90 90
Boat Ramps/piers ESI 1998-2001 100 30 15 40
Chronic Grounding sites Digitized 2008 0 10 0 90
Commercial Fishing/sales ESI 1998-2001 100 0 20 85
Commercial Ports ESI 1998-2001 500 1000 50 80
Hotel/Resort: Tourism TNC 2006 100 100 25 25
Hotel/Resort: Tourism TNC 2006 500 500 11 11
Hotel/Resort: Tourism TNC 2006 500 500 17 17
Hotel/Resort: Tourism TNC 2006 500 500 25 25
Hotel/Resort: Tourism TNC 2006 500 500 50 50
Industrial Manufacturing Land Use 1999 500 1000 100 100
Landfills Digitized 2008 2000 2000 90 90
Live-aboards Digitized 2008 0 500 0 30
Marinas: Boat Yards Digitized 2008 500 1000 90 90
Marinas: fueling Digitized 2008 200 500 80 80
Marinas: non-fueling Digitized 2008 200 200 50 50
Mines Pits & Quarries TNC 2006 500 1000 95 95
Power Plants Digitized 2008 500 1000 100 100
Residential: High Land Use 1999 200 500 75 75
Residential: Low Land Use 1999 100 100 25 25
Residential: Medium Land Use 1999 200 200 50 50
Retail Commercial Digitized 1999 500 1000 80 80
Roads DPNR ? 50 200 75 75
Solid waste transfer station: Susannaberg
Digitized 2008 500 500 50 50
Urban Land Use File 1999 500 1000 90 90
Appendix 3 � Environmental Impacts Surface Analysis Maps
Appendix 3 � Environmental Impacts Surface Analysis Maps
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-cro
wne
d N
ight
-Her
on
fresh
pon
d/sa
lt po
nd/s
alt f
lat/m
ixed
sw
amp/
man
grov
es
Opo
rorn
is fo
rmos
us
Ken
tuck
y W
arbl
er
Sei
urus
mot
acill
a
Loui
sian
a W
ater
thru
sh
Sph
yrap
icus
var
ius
Y
ello
w-b
ellie
d S
apsu
cker
Wor
ksho
p Li
st
Loca
l
S
teno
derm
a ru
fum
R
ed F
ig E
atin
g B
at
N
octil
io le
porin
us
Pal
las
Mas
tiff B
at
Mol
ussu
s m
olus
sus
Vel
vety
Fre
e-ta
iled
Bat
App
end
ix 4
� Te
rrest
rial F
lora
& F
auna
Con
serv
atio
n Ta
rget
s
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
e La
nd C
over
Cla
ss P
rimar
y La
nd C
over
Cla
ss
Seco
ndar
y M
igra
tory
Lan
d C
over
Cla
ss
Man
grov
es
m
angr
oves
Tu
rks
Cap
cac
tus
co
asta
l gra
ssla
nd/ro
ck p
avem
ent
Zant
hoxy
llum
flav
um
Yel
low
Sat
inw
ood
C
aroc
olus
spp
Fr
eshw
ater
bre
edin
g bi
rds
Fr
esh
Pon
d
Fr
eshw
ater
fish
gut p
ools
/Fre
sh P
ond
R
ipar
ian
guts
M
acro
brac
hium
spp
. And
A
tya
spp.
fre
shw
ater
shr
imp
gut p
ools
Rip
aria
n gu
ts
Sea
bird
s
coas
tal g
rass
land
/rock
pa
vem
ent/c
oast
al h
edge
/thic
ket
scru
b
N
eea
buxi
folia
C
ardi
som
a gu
anhu
mi
Gre
at L
and
Cra
b M
angr
oves
sa
lt po
nds/
salt
flats
be
ach
Coe
nobi
ta c
lype
atus
S
oldi
er C
rab
Fore
st a
nd W
oodl
and
rip
aria
n gu
ts/b
each
U
ca s
pp.
Fidd
ler C
rabs
sa
lt po
nds/
salt
flats
/man
grov
es
be
ach
Man
ilkar
a pl
eean
a
P
roki
a cr
ucis
A
dian
tum
villo
sum
C
yath
ea a
rbor
ea
Tree
fern
Pile
a nu
mm
ulrii
folia
C
reep
ing
Cha
rley
Za
ntho
xyllu
m p
unct
atum
Appendix 5 � Natural Resources Relative Abundance Maps
Appendix 5 � Natural Resources Relative Abundance Maps
Appendix 6 � Irriplacibility Maps
Appendix 6 � Irriplacibility Maps
Appendix 7 � Final Portfolio Maps
Appendix 7 � Final Portfolio Maps
Man
aged
Are
a N
ame
Land
Ow
ner
Con
tact
A
gric
ultu
ral E
xper
imen
t Sta
tion
Univ
ersit
y of
the
Virg
in Is
land
s Br
ian
Dal
ey
Buck
Isla
nd (S
t. Th
omas
) US
Fish
and
Wild
life
Serv
ices
M
ike
Evan
s/ C
laud
ia
Lom
bard
Bu
ck Is
land
Ree
f Nat
iona
l Mon
umen
t (St
. C
roix)
US
Nat
iona
l Par
k Se
rvic
e Za
ndy
Hollis
-Sta
r
East
End
Mar
ine
Park
D
epar
tmen
t of P
lann
ing
and
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es C
oast
al Z
one
Man
agem
ent
Paig
e Ro
then
burg
h
Esta
te L
ittle
Prin
cess
Th
e N
atu
re C
onse
rvan
cy
Jam
es B
yrne
/Ric
hard
G
ideo
n
Esta
te T
hom
as
US F
ores
t Ser
vice
M
arily
n C
hakr
off
Gre
en C
ay
US F
ish a
nd W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
es
Mik
e Ev
ans/
Cla
udia
Lo
mba
rd
Herm
an H
ill Po
nd
The
Na
ture
Con
serv
ancy
Ja
mes
Byr
ne/R
icha
rd
Gid
eon
Jack
and
Isaa
cs B
ays
The
Na
ture
Con
serv
ancy
Ja
mes
Byr
ne/R
icha
rd
Gid
eon
Long
Poi
nt
The
Na
ture
Con
serv
ancy
Ja
mes
Byr
ne/R
icha
rd
Gid
eon
Mag
en's
Bay
Pres
erve
M
agen
's Ba
y A
utho
rity
Hubu
rt Br
umon
t
Mag
en's
Bay
Pres
erve
Th
e N
atu
re C
onse
rvan
cy
Rich
ard
Gid
eon/
Jam
es
Byrn
e
Man
aged
Cay
s D
epar
tmen
t of P
lann
ing
and
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es-D
epar
tmen
t of F
ish
& W
ildlif
e Ju
dy
Pier
ce
Nat
iona
l Gua
rd A
rmor
y-St
. Cro
ix US
Dep
artm
ent o
f Def
ense
M
auric
e Ya
bba
Nat
iona
l Gua
rd A
rmor
y-N
azar
eth
St.
Thom
as
VI N
atio
nal G
uard
M
auric
e Ya
bba
Not
Man
aged
Cay
s D
epar
tmen
t of P
lann
ing
and
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es-D
epar
tmen
t of F
ish
& W
ildlif
e Ju
dy
Pier
ce
Ruth
Isla
nd
USV
I F&
W
Jenn
ifer V
aliu
lis
Salt
Rive
r Hist
oric
Site
V
irgin
s Isla
nds G
over
nmen
t and
US
Nat
iona
l Par
k Se
rvic
e Za
ndy
Hollis
-Sta
r
Sand
y Po
int
US F
ish a
nd W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
es
Mik
e Ev
ans/
Cla
udia
Lo
mba
rd
Scio
n Ri
dge
Are
a (P
ark
Serv
ice
War
ehou
se)
US N
atio
nal P
ark
Serv
ice
Zand
y Ho
llis-S
tar
Som
ewha
t Man
aged
Cay
s D
epar
tmen
t of P
lann
ing
and
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es-D
epar
tmen
t of F
ish
& W
ildlif
e Ju
dy
Pier
ce
Sout
hgat
e Po
nd
St. C
roix
Envi
ronm
enta
l Ass
ocia
tion
(SEA
) C
arol
Cra
mer
-Bur
ke
UVI W
etla
nds
Univ
ersit
y of
the
Virg
in Is
land
s Em
ily Ty
ner
VI N
atio
nal G
uard
Ham
s Blu
ff V
I Nat
iona
l Gua
rd
Mau
rice
Yabb
a
VI N
atio
nal P
ark
(Has
sel I
sland
) N
atio
nal P
ark
Serv
ice
Rafe
Bou
lon
VID
OA
D
epar
tmen
t of A
gric
ultu
re
Erro
l Chi
ches
ter
Virg
in Is
land
s Cor
al R
eef N
atio
nal
Mon
umen
t N
atio
nal P
ark
Serv
ice
Rafe
Bou
lon
Virg
in Is
land
s Nat
iona
l Par
k N
atio
nal P
ark
Serv
ice
Rafe
Bou
lon