final report of cha technology

7/29/2019 Final Report of CHA Technology

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Final Report

A NOVEL arrowhead TECHNOLOGY for

Low Cost Hybrid Bt-Cotton Seed Production

Demonstration of CHA Technology at Sindh Pacific Seed Corporationfarm, Tando Allahyar

Contact Person: Mr. Muhammad Atif, MD/SPSC, Cell # 03003081810

By Muhammad Boota Srwar

Federal Seed Certification & Registration DepartmentG-9/4, Islamabad, Ph: 051-9260126


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November, 2010Bulk of the Hybrid Bt-Cotton seed production in China, India, Israeland Vietnam is being done through manual emasculation andpollination resulting in huge cost of hybrid seed production which isultimately transferred to the cotton growers.

Fig: Manual emasculation of cotton flowers (India)

The novel hybrid Bt-cotton seed productiontechnology replaces cumbersome laboriousjob of emasculation with low cost ChemicalHybridizing Agent (CHA).

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Technology provider

SEED CARE SERVICES

TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION FACILITATOR

Federal Seed Certification & RegistrationDepartment

Technology consumer

HYBRID SEED PRODUCING COMPANIES

TECHNOLOGY BENEFICIERIES

Cotton Growers of PakistanCotton Ginning & Textile Industry

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Benefits of Hybrid Cotton Seed Production

1. Traditional breeding takes long time in combining

beneficial traits available in two different varietieswhereas hybrids instantly integrate such traits in onego.

2. High yields, good fiber quality, bollworm resistance,herbicide tolerance, CLCuV resistance, heat anddrought tolerance traits can be integrated throughhybrid seed production.

3. Studies indicate increase in yield up to 25% due tohybrid vigor, depending upon genetic distance.

4. Hybrid Bt-cotton with CLCuV resistance and herbicidetolerance traits will reduce cost of insecticides andweed-control to the tune of 50% and boost farmersyield and income by 30%.

5. Cotton hybrids may be more flexible to tolerate heat-waves and to ensure stable yields.

6. Hybrid seeds provide inbuilt technology protection, inabsence of plant breeders rights, to the seedcompanies.

7. Hybrid seeds will ensure high ginning out-turn and

uniform cotton quality for the benefit of ginning andtextile industry respectively.

8. National goal of increasing cotton yields to meetindustry needs can be realized through extensive use ofhybrid Bt-cotton seeds.

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History of CHA Technology Development for Cotton

1. Cytoplasmic male sterility based hybrid seed production isbeing done for various crops but so far such economically

viable system is not available for cotton.

2. Efforts have been made world-wide for development ofchemical hybridization agents for cotton hybrid seed productionbut the gametocides tried were neither stable nor cost-effective.

3. Pakistan Agriculture Research Council (PARC) is also workingon identifying suitable gametocide for cotton through at least 5development projects but still the results are not encouraging.

4. Pakistan Central Cotton Committee (PCCC) also tried forsuitable gametocide for cotton but no reliable result came out.

5. Seed Care Services (SCS) started work on this issue in 2007 atHyderabad with its own resources. Known gametocides weretried individually but none came up to expectations.

6. In the year 2008 various combinations of gametocides,herbicides, defoliants and hormones were tried and two

combinations were found satisfactory as hybridizing agents.

7. In 2009 low cost combination CHA was put to intensive trial atHyderabad for synchronization of genotype x temperatureregime x physiological stage of the plant x dose x frequency ofapplication. On the basis of the results synchronization formulawas finalized.

8. This year (2010) the CHA technology for hybrid cotton seedproduction was subjected to extensive nation-wide trials, fromKunri to Pind Dadan Khan, to know strength of technology forfine tuning of practical application.

9. The professionals visiting the trials indicated low boll-setting infemale parent; hence fruiting enhancer was sprayed twice withencouraging results at P. D. Khan, Khanewal & T. A. Yar.

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The Novel Arrowhead Technology for Low CostHybrid Bt-Cotton Seed Production

1. China, India, Israel and Vietnam are leading hybrid cotton seedproducing countries however bulk of the Hybrid Bt-Cotton seedproduction is being done through manual emasculation andpollination resulting in huge cost of hybrid seed productionwhich is ultimately transferred to the cotton growers.

2. Hybrid cotton seed production requires daily 10-15 workers peracre for 100-120 flowering days to intensively work foremasculation and pollination of female flowers and this labor

cost constitute 60% of total cost of hybrid cotton seedproduction.

Emasculation Pollination

3. The novel hybrid Bt-cotton seed production technology replacescumbersome laborious job of emasculation with low costChemical Hybridizing Agent (CHA).

4. The work on bee-pollination regime is underway to replacehand pollination in hybrid cotton seed production fields tofurther cut labor cost.

5. The cost of hybrid Bt-cotton seed production with CLCuVtolerance will be reduced by 50% and the farmers will get highquality hybrid seed at reduced price.

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Financial Analysis of the New Technology

1. National cotton seed requirement with standard

germination is 40,000 MT and with relaxed germinationis 65,000 MT.

2. If 25% area is targeted for hybrid Bt-cotton productionthen at least 20,000 acres are needed for hybrid seedproduction.

3. Labor cost of emasculation and pollination with average

requirement of daily 10 workers for 100-120 days for20,000 acres is estimated as Rs. 2,000 million. Theemasculation work cost accordingly will be Rs. 1,300million.

4. Studies show that labor cost of emasculation andpollination constitute 60% of the total seed productioncost.

5. The novel CHA technology will reduce cost ofemasculation to the tune of Rs. 260 million thus savingRs 1,040 million (50% of the hybrid cotton seedproduction cost).

6. Farmers will get hybrid Bt-cotton seed producedthrough CHA technology at 30% low price as comparedto seed produced through conventional method.

7. The value of new CHA technology in case of 25% and75% hybrid cotton production is Rs. 260 million and Rs.780 million per annum respectively.

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Successful Demonstration of Low CostHybrid Bt-Cotton Seed Production Technology

At Sindh Pacific Seed Corporation farm, Tando Allahyar

i) Area planted with female parent: 0.05 acreii) Date of sowing of one female line: 22-5-2010iii) Date of first spray of CHA: 25-6-2010iv) Subsequent sprays of CHA: At intervals of one monthv) Efficacy of CHA for emasculation: 99%vi) Date of termination of crossing: 1-11-2010vii) Visited by: Professionals from Seed Companies, Sindh

Agriculture University and Agriculture Research Institute,Tando Jam.

Problem encountered:

viii) Boll setting: At first medium; equal to boll setting in case ofmanual emasculation/pollination.

ix) Additional spray of boll-setting enhancer: 2 times; inSeptember and October.

x) Boll setting improved: Hybrid cotton seed yield from 0.05acre was 40 kg; equal to 800 kg per acre; four times morethan traditional hybrid seed production.

xi) Reduction in cost of hybrid seed production: 50% ascompared to traditional

Traits Combined in Hybrid Bt-cotton Seed

xii) Tando Allah Yar site : High-yield, Bollworm-resistance,Herbicide tolerance, high GOT, Good fiber quality.

xiii) Pind Dadan Khan : Very high-yield, Bollworm-resistance,

Herbicide tolerance, high GOT, Good fiber quality.

xiv) PSC Khanewal: High-yield, CLCuV tolerance, Bollworm-resistance, Herbicide tolerance, high GOT, Good fiberquality.

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Boll-setting

Hybrid Seed Production field at SPSC farm, Tando Allah Yar (1)

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Preparation for spray of CHA under supervision of a Plant Breeder

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Photographs showing impact of Boll-setting Enhancer spray inhybrid seed production field at SPSC farm T. A. Yar

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Successful Hybrid Bt-cotton Seed Production atPunjab Seed Corporation Farm Khanewal

Photograph (Khanewal 9-7-10): Use of CHA resulted in completemale-sterility along with stigma elongation to eliminate chance selfing.

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Fast-Track Commercial Utilization of the CHA Technology

Proposals are invited from reputed Private Seed Companies andpublic sector organizations (PARC, PCCC, PSC, SSC, etc) to availfree utilization of the CHA technology for Hybrid Bt-cotton SeedProduction under fast-track scheme as detailed below:

Sr. Step Detail Time-line Remarks

1 Crossing for identification ofbest parent lines under coveredtunnels

November toFebruary

One acre landunder tunnel isrequired

2 Field Trial for identifying best 3hybrids

March to July At field of goodfarmers

3 Seed multiplication of inbred

lines

January to

May

Four acre land

required4 First evaluation of hybrids May -

5 Pilot Hybrid Bt-cotton seedproduction: 3 hybrids

May toNovember

100 acres landrequired

6 Second Trial for identifying best3 hybrids

May toNovember

At field of goodfarmers

7 Bee-Pollination Trial May to Nov

8 Final appraisal of March Trial July

9 Final appraisal of May Trials toselect best hybrid

December

Conclusion: Total work of Research and Development, Field Trialsand Commercial Production will be completed in one year, withoutneed of sophisticated labs or heavy investment.

Hybrid Quality: The traits of Bollworm-resistance, CLCuV tolerance,Herbicide-tolerance, Heat-tolerance, High yield, High GOT and Goodfiber quality will be instantly combined as per commercial needs.

Cost of Hybrid Seed: Cost of hybrid Bt-cotton seed production will

be cheapest in the world; with good prospects of seed export toCentral Asian and African countries.

Additional Benefit: During the same one year operation Bee-Pollination will be standardized to completely eliminate labor workand to further reduce cost of hybrid seed production.

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final report of cha technology

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