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EIA for Sinjhoro Field Development Project
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Oil and Gas Development Company Limited
FINAL REPORT
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY OF
SINJHORO FIELD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
SEPTEMBER 2011
PREPARED BY: SHAHZAD INTERNATIONAL
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Serial
no.
Table of Contents Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMERY i-vii
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Need for EIA study 1
1.3 Project profile 2
1.3.1 Project need identification 2
1.3.2 Scope of EIA study 2
1.4 Objectives of the study 3
1.5 Proponent 3
1.6 Approach and Methodology 3
1.6.1 Approach 3
1.6.2 Inception activities 4
1.6.3 Identification and Assessments of Impacts 4
1.7 Methodology 4
1.7.1 Project planning 5
1.7.2 Site Visit 5
1.7.3 Review of Legislative Requirements 5
1.7.4 Collection of baseline data 5
1.7.5 Meetings with stake holders 7
1.7.6 Environment Impact Assessments 7
1.8 Draft Report 9
1.9 Final report 9
1.10 Public hearing 9
1.11 Structure of the report 9
2. STATUTORY REQUIREMENT AND STANDARDS 12
2.1 General 12
2.2 International obligations/agreements 12
2.2.1 United Nations Agenda 21 12
2.2.2 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 12
2.2.3 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,
1992
13
2.2.4 Kyoto Protocol 13
2.3 International Guidelines 13
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2.4 Policy framework 15
2.4.1 National Environment Policy, 2005 15
2.4.2 National Resettlement policy (Draft) 15
2.5 Legal framework 16
2.5.1 Federal laws 16
2.5.2 Provincial laws 18
2.6 Regulatory framework 19
2.7 Environment assessment guidelines 20
2.7.1 Pak-EPA environment Assessment procedures and guidelines
,1997
20
2.8 Environmental guidelines 21
2.8.1 Guidelines for Operational Safety, Health And Environment
Management
21
2.8.2 OGDCL Environmental, Health and Safety Policy 21
2.9 Administrative framework 21
2.9.1 EPA Sindh 21
2.9.2 Sindh Forest department 22
2.9.3 Sindh Wildlife department 22
2.9.4 Regional Environmental office 22
3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 29
3.1 General 29
3.2 Objectives of the project 29
3.3 System description 29
3.3.1 Well head facilities 30
3.3.1.1 Well counts 30
3.3.1.2 Raw gas composition 30
3.3.1.3 Production profile 30
3.3.1.4 Product specification 30
3.3.2 Processing facility 31
3.3.2.1 Layout of the plant 31
3.3.2.2 Land 31
3.3.2.3 Process design data 31
3.3.2.4 Design capacity 31
3.3.2.5 Plant utilities 32
3.3.3 Gas transportation line 33
3.3.3.1 Field gathering system 33
3.3.3.2 Gas transportation 33
3.4 Development plan and schedule 33
3.5 Project feasibility and reservoir potential 33
3.6 Project implementation 34
3.6.1 Construction work 34
3.6.2 Worksite camps 34
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3.7 Waste management 35
3.8 Fuel management 36
4. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE OF THE PROJECT
AREA
42
4.1 Data Collection Methodology 42
4.2 Village Selection 42
4.3 Physical Environment 43
4.3.1 Geology 43
4.3.2 Soil 43
4.3.3 Hydrology 44
4.3.4 Weather and climate 44
4.3.5 Ambient air quality of the area 44
4.4 Noise 45
4.5 Biological Environment 45
4.5.1 Flora 45
4.5.2 Fauna 46
4.5.3 Horticulture 46
4.5.4 Livestock 47
4.6 Communication 47
4.7 Trade & Trade Center 47
4.8 Archaeological Resources 47
4.9 Occupation 48
4.10 Culture Customs & Traditions 48
4.11 Agriculture 49
4.12 Forestry 49
4.13 Health 49
5. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION & ANALYSIS OF
ALTERNATIVES
77
5.1 Objectives of Stakeholder Consultation 77
5.2 Identification of Stakeholders (primary & secondary) 77
5.3 Stakeholder Consultation Process 78
5.4 Stakeholder Consultation technique 78
5.5 Stakeholders consulted 79
5.6 Stakeholders concerns and recommendations 79
5.6.1 Community concerns 79
5.6.2 Environment related departments consulted 80
5.6.3 Local government representatives 80
5.7 No Project Option 81
6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES
87
6.1 Introduction 87
6.2 Impacts on Physical Environment 89
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6.2.1 Geomorphology and Soils 89
6.2.2 Water Resources 92
6.2.3 Ambient Air Quality 99
6.2.4 Noise 103
6.3 Impacts on biological Environment 106
6.3.1 Natural Vegetation 106
6.3.2 Wildlife and Habitat 107
6.4 Socio cultural impacts 109
6.4.1 Possible displacement 109
6.4.2 Acquisition of productive land 110
6.4.3 Land use 110
6.4.4 Community disturbance 111
6.4.5 Induction of labour 112
6.4.6 Community health and safety 113
6.4.7 Interaction with community & mobilization of women 116
6.4.8 Employment and income generation 117
6.4.9 Archeological or cultural resources 117
6.5 Water Use 118
6.6 Community grievances 119
6.7 Waste management 119
6.8 Fuel management 125
6.9 Conclusion 128
7. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 130
7.1 Introduction 130
7.2 Purpose and objectives of EMP 130
7.3 Management responsibilities 130
7.4 Construction phase EMP 131
7.4.1 Components of EMP 131
7.4.2 Mitigation plan 131
7.4.3 Monitoring plan 132
7.4.4 Objectives of monitoring 132
7.4.5 Environmental monitoring 132
7.4.6 Environmental record 137
7.4.7 Communication and documentation 138
7.4.8 Change management 139
7.5 Changes to EMP 139
7.6 Environmental training 139
7.7 Operation phase management 139
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Annexure A: Review of IEE and EIA regulations 2000
Annexure B: National Environmental Quality Standards
Annexure C: WHO guidelines for drinking water quality
Annexure D: OGDCL Health, Safety and Environment Policy
Annexure E: Emergency Response Plan
FIGURES
Exhibit 3.1 Distances from plant to well Page 38
Exhibit 3.2 Commingled gas composition of the Sinjhoro wells Page 39
Exhibit 3.3 Flow chart of Production facility Page 40
Exhibit 3.4 Flow chart of Plant utilities Page 41
Exhibit 4.1 Satellite Image of Chotiari Wetland Complex showing
water resources
Page 68
Exhibit 4.2 Biological Map of ecologically sensitive area Page 69
Exhibit 4.3 Water Resources Catchments Map Page 70
Exhibit 4.4 Vegetation of the area Page 71
Exhibit 4.5 Livestock of the area Page 72
Exhibit 4.6 Occupation Page 73
Exhibit 4.7 Crops Page 75
Exhibit 4.8 Water bodies of the area Page 76
Exhibit 5.1 Stakeholder consultation Page 85
Exhibit 5.2 Public Consultations Page 86
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TABLES
Table 1.1 Severity of impacts Page 8
Table 1.2 Project team Page 11
Table 2.1 NEQS for Municipal and Liquid Industrial Effluents
Discharged to Inland Waters (mg/l, unless otherwise
defined)
Page 23
Table 2.2 Proposed National Environmental Quality Standards for
Ambient Air (Draft)
Page 25
Table 2.3 Proposed NEQS for Noise (Draft) Page 26
Table 2.4 WHO Ambient Air Quality Guidelines Page 27
Table 2.5 WHO Guideline Values for Community Noise in Specific
Environments
Page 28
Table 2.6 World Bank Recommended Noise Levels Page 28
Table 3.1 Expected production (I) Page 37
Table 3.2 Expected production (I) Page 37
Table 4.1 List of villages of the project area Page 50
Table 4.2 Ground water sample processing facility project site Page 51
Table 4.3 Microbial parameters Page 52
Table 4.4 Soil sample for SP-1 camp area Page 52
Table 4.5 Ambient Air Sampling for processing facility project area Page 53
Table 4.6 Noise Page 53
Table 4.7 Month Wise 30 Years Mean Maximum / Minimum
Temperature, Precipitation and Humidity
Page 54
Table 4.8 Area and Production of fruits and vegetables 1997-98 Page 55
Table 4.9 Livestock population in Sinjhoro Block 1997-98 Page 56
Table 4.10 Area and Production of Crops 1997-98 Page 57
Table 4.11 Phytosociolgical parameters of dominant species at
Chotiari reservoir
Page 58
Table 4.12 Status of some medium sized and large mammals of
Chotiari wetlands complex ,Sanghar Sindh
Page 60
Table 4.13 Avifauna of Chotiari reservioir ,Sanghar Sindh during
2006-2009
Page 62
Table 4.14 Reptilian fauna of Chotiari reservioir Sanghar Sindh
during 2006-2009
Page 64
Table 4.15 Amphibian fauna of Chotiari Reservior ,Sanghar Sindh
during 2006-2009
Page 65
Table 4.16 Area and Production of Crops 1997-98 Page 66
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Table 4.17 Type of health institutes by their numbers Page 67
Table 5.1 Key stakeholders consulted Page 82
Table 5.2 Public near project area Page 83
Table 5.3 Consolidated Matrix of Concerns Raised by the
Communities during Stakeholder Consultations
Page 83
Table 6.1 Impact Assessment Matrix Page 129
Table 7.1 Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental Monitoring Page 140
Table 7.2 Mitigation Plan for Construction Phase Page 142
Table 7.3 Training Program Page 146
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
OGDCL planned to develop a gas production facility in Sinjhoro Sindh, and engaged
Shahzad International to conduct an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of its
proposed project. This document presents the findings of the EIA.
Project Description
Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL), a public sector company in
Pakistan, is developing Sinjhoro field as part of its oil and gas exploration
programme.
The Sinjhoro field is located about 65 km NE of Hyderabad city of Sindh province in
lower Indus basin and covers area of 102 acres. The land has been acquired on lease.
To date OGDCL has discovered 15 wells in the Sinjhoro concession. The main
reservoirs are basal and massive sand lower guru formation in the area.
OGDCL is in its capacity is the operator of Sinjhoro field. OGDCL and the joint
partners (OGDCL, OPI, GHPL) intend to set-up surface facilities at the field and gas
processing and associated facilities with LPG extraction plant .The facilities shall be
set-up adjacent to Sanghar Nawabshah road. The Sinjhoro processing plant is located
at distance of about 8 km from Sanghar.
Description of the Environment
Natural Environment
Project area also includes a portion of the Chotiari Wetlands Complex which is
located at 69´.4” E and 26´.1" N with an elevation of 60 m from the sea level. It
spreads over an area of 18, 000 ha. It is located 30-35km in the east of the Sanghar
Town. It has the Thar Desert on north -east and eastern side and is bounded by sand
hills towards north, east and south-east and the Nara Canal towards the west and
south.
Chotiari wetlands complex includes very diverse habitats such as lakes (perennial,
ephemeral, freshwater, brackish, saline); swamps, marshes, reed beds; riverine forest
(Nara Fen, Chandanwala area); cropland with stand of cotton, wheat, rice and
sugarcane); desert (Thar desert), desert scrub, semi desert; sand dunes. Its aquatic
features comprise diversity of small and large size (1-200 ha) fresh and brackish
water lakes such as Gun, Wari, Jajur, Phuleil, Seri and Sao Naro, Khor, Jadpur,
Meena, Waguwala, Sanjaran and Bholo.
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Rivers and streams
The water channels passing through the Sinjhoro block area are Dim branch and Ali
Jamraou (Exhibit 4.6: water bodies of the project area). The chemical analysis of the
ground water from the plant area is given in (Table 4.2).
Dams and canals
Chutiari dam almost has become dry and water with some small depth is available in
different patches. However, the dried portions of the Dam have been covered with
wildly grown thick forest of thorny bushes that bears health hazard reptiles in
abundant. Similarly, the bank sides of Nara Canals are also having the same
conditions
Socio-economic and Cultural Environment
Customs and traditions in this area are almost same as elsewhere in Sindh province.
Customs in marriage ceremony are of a great importance. In marriage ceremony
Sindhes used to sing ‘Sahras’ one week before marriage.
Impacts and mitigation measures
Soils
Spills of chemicals and fuel during handling, transportation and storage may result in
contamination of soil at a construction site. A significant impact on soil will be
interpreted if visible amount of chemical or hydrocarbon is observed in soil.
Mitigation Measures
• During site clearance and construction the workers should closely be
supervised to avoid cutting of tress .Areas requiring deforestation should be
clearly delineated prior to any clearance, large trees requiring incorporating.
• Any new development or improvement of existing access tracks will
generally also try to avoid dense vegetation and sand dunes.
• Whenever practicable trees should be filled down by chain saw rather than
uprooted so as to retain the rooting system.
• Minimizing vegetation loss can reduce the risk of land slippage and soil
erosion, given that vegetation prevents slippage and erosion.
• OGDCL will try to avoid damage to the water channels, by say breaking its
embankments, and will repair any damage that is caused. Conforming to the
safeguards given in the environmental management plan (EMP) will ensure
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that the overall impact of the proposed project on the area’s geomorphology
and soil remains insignificant.
Water Resources
The quality of surface and groundwater supplies may deteriorate if pollutants
mixes with surface runoff during rain are carried to water resources in the vicinity,
or if pollutants leach into the ground. Potential sources of pollution in such cases
may include:
• Domestic waste (sanitary and kitchen discharge)
• Oil and grease from vehicles and machinery
• Sediments from altered land surfaces (campsites and new access tracks)
• Stored Fuel, oil and other chemicals
Ambient Air Quality
Dust generated during construction activities can be substantial. Dust emission
from construction sites is a concern particularly if the site is near residential areas.
Greenhouse gas emissions during Operational phase
Green house gases are released as a result of combustion process and due to
processes mentioned above. The main plant operation that contribute to gas
emissions are condensate stabilization , Liquid dehydration, Flash gas compressors
, Gas sweetening unit ,Gas dehydration unit, De-ethanizer of gas compressors,
Refrigeration package, Feed Gas & sales gas compressors , Flare and flow down
system ,Electrical power generation and Fuel gas system etc. The increase in
greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere due to human activities such as
combustion and land use change contributes to the global warming.
Potential Impacts
Green house gases are released as a result of combustion process. The increase in
greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere due to human activities such as
combustion and land use change contributes to the global warming.
Mitigation Measures
Dust emission from soil piles and aggregate storage stockpiles will be reduced by
appropriate measures. These may include:
• Keeping the material moist by sprinkling of water at appropriate frequency
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• Erecting windshield walls on three sides of the piles such that the wall project
0.5 m above the pile, or
• Covering the pile, for example with tarpaulin or thick plastic sheets, to prevent
emissions.
• Project traffic will maintain a maximum speed limit of 20 km/h on all unpaved
roads within the plant site.
Natural Vegetation
Natural vegetation in most of the project area is sparse and has been replaced by
invasive species, it is therefore expected that the overall impact of the project on
natural vegetation will be insignificant. Campsites will have no impact on natural
vegetation since they will be located in existing clearings.
Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measures will further reduce any adverse impacts of the
project;
• When developing new tracks, routes that minimize vegetation loss will be
chosen.
• Camps will be established in natural clearings.
• Felling of trees will be avoided.
• Open fires will not be allowed anywhere outside the campsites.
Wildlife and Habitat
During the construction phase, there will be considerable human interventions in
the project area which can potentially affect the wildlife resources of the project
area. No environmentally sensitive area (forest, wetland, national park, wildlife
sanctuary, or game reserve) is located in the vicinity of the project area
Mitigation Measures
The measures listed below will minimise the disturbance to the wildlife due to the
project activities.
• A ‘no-hunting, no trapping, no harassment’ policy will be strictly enforced.
• Trading of wild animals or birds by project personnel will also be prohibited.
• Wildlife protection rules will be included in the Camp Rules.
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Socioeconomic and Cultural
Social impact assessment and analysis techniques were employed during the field
survey and community consultation sessions to identify the potential socioeconomic
and cultural impact of the proposed project, and the impact of related project
activities on the area and its people. The effects identified were screened, and their
relevance determined through a review of baseline data and a thorough study of
project activities and processes.
Mitigation Measures
Locals will be employed based on the following criteria;
• The employment process will be transparent, fair and open
• Local people from villages closest to the project site (and therefore the most
likely to be affected by project activities) will be given preference.
Health Impacts
People from the project area regularly travel to other cities, and thus cannot be
considered isolated from the rest of the country. They are regularly exposed to
illnesses common to urban populations, and have similar levels of immunity
Mitigation Measures
The crew will undergo medical examinations before being hired, and will be
screened for communicable diseases. The project is therefore very unlikely to lead
to an epidemic of any sort among local communities
Safety
The drill rig, flare pit and residential camp will be fenced off, and will therefore not
endanger local people. The only safety issue is that of traffic, especially as it leaves
the rig and campsite, and merges into Sanghar road traffic. To reduce the hazard, the
following mitigation measures will be implemented:
� A stop sign will be put up on the access road where it meets Sanghar road.
� A speed breaker will be constructed on the access road where it meets Sanghar
road.
� The speed limit for the access road will be 30 km/h.
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Interactions with Communities and Mobility of Women
There is expected to be very little interaction between crews and local communities,
expect for the local people who are hired for the project
Mitigation Measures
OGDCL will strive to maintain contact with major stakeholders, particularly local
communities, through all stages of project implementation. This is necessary to
engender a sense of community in the project proponents and to ensure that the
community’s concerns are responded to at every stage
Cultural, Infrastructure and Archaeological Resources
It is possible that the project may damage structures, such as archaeological sites,
houses, water wells and canals and water courses, owned and used by local people.
No known sites of archeological or cultural value are known to exist near the
proposed well site or along the access road
Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measures will be taken to reduce the impact on the area’s
cultural resources and infrastructure:
• All graveyards and shrines and other cultural sites in the vicinity of the project
area will be identified before the survey.
• Communication will be established with the local spiritual leader and the
communities to explain about the activities near the sites
Availability of Drinking Water
The water during the construction activity will be required for the domestic water
consumption at the construction camp and for the construction activities including
sprinkling of water for dust suppression. It is estimated that peak water requirement
during construction phase will be 400 m3/day. Water will be obtained from bores
which are planed to meet the water requirements.
Mitigation
Following mitigation measures should be incorporated to minimise any impacts;
• Water will only be abstracted from canal after proper approval from the
concerned departments.
• Water conservation programme will be initiated to prevent wastage of water.
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• Water, if extracted from the project area, will only be extracted from the deep
aquifer.
• No existing community wells will be used to meet the project’s water
requirement.
• New wells for the project activities will be installed 500 m away from any
water body and community well, if technically feasible
Communities’ Grievances
A framework for addressing community grievances in the context of the project is
necessary. OGDCL will address all community grievances in order to avoid
conflict between the company and the local communities.
Mitigation Measures
All the grievances of the communities (men and women) will be addressed through
social complaint register as well as through continuous contact with the
communities in a culturally sensitive manner. Specifically, OGDCL will create a
system to register and manager social complaints against the company. All
complaints, raised by anyone in the community and communicated by any means,
will be recorded. One senior staff member will be designated as the manager of the
system. Once recorded, the complaint will be screened by the manager and genuine
cases identified. The screening will be done on the basis of preset criteria, which
may be in the form of simple check list. If it is determined that no action is
required, the decision and its justification will be recorded. If it is determined that
no action is required, the responsibility and the target completion date will also be
recorded. Alternatively, an investigation may be carried out. The decision of the
company on any issue will always be communicated back to the complainant. All
complaints recorded in the system will be periodically reviewed in a high-level
meeting or by a nominated committee
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL), a public sector company
in Pakistan, is developing Sinjhoro field as part of its oil and gas exploration
programme.
The Sinjhoro field is located about 65 km NE of Hyderabad city of Sindh province
in lower Indus basin. To date OGDCL has discovered 15 wells in the Sinjhoro
concession. The main reservoirs are basal and massive sand lower guru formation
in the area.
OGDCL is in its capacity is the operator of Sinjhoro field. OGDCL and the joint
partners (OGDCL, OPI, and GHPL) intend to set-up surface facilities at the field
and gas processing and associated facilities with LPG extraction plant .The
facilities shall be set-up adjacent to Sanghar Nawabshah road. The Sinjhoro
processing plant is located at distance of about 8 km from Sanghar.
Sinjhoro well fluids will be processed at Sinjhoro processing plant by relocating
the ex-Dhodak plant with the installation of some new units i-e Amine units,
Compressors etc. The sales gas will be transported from Sinjhoro plant to Bobi Oil
complex where 12” dia pipeline for transportation of Bobi and Sinjhoro sales gas
is already available. The sales gas will be transported to SSGC Tando Adam
injection point through this existing 12” dia 43 km line. The Bobi field/LPG plant
is located about 35 km from Sinjhoro.
Sinjhoro @ (26°1'48"N 68°47'59"E) is a small city in Sanghar District, Sindh,
Pakistan about 12 km from Sanghar city, along Sanghar-Shahdad Pur Road.
Sinjhoro is Headquarter of Taluka Municipal Administration Sinjhoro, with a
Mukhtiarkar seated for revenue matters since the British Era. The town is
connected with Nawabshah through NWG railways network but the system is now
out of order. This railway line is called Raja Ji Gadi in native Sindhi language.
The population belongs to Sindhi, Punjabi and Urdu speaking community.
1.2 Need for the EIA study
The identification, assessment and management of environmental effects have
become an integral part of development planning in the last two decades. An
impact on the environment is defined as any incremental change in the
biophysical and/or social environment caused by or directly related to a former,
on-going, or proposed activity.
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Environmental Examination or Assessment is mandatory according to the
Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 (PEPA-97), clause 12 (1), it is
required that the proponent of any development project will have to submit Initial
Environmental Examination (IEE) or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Report to the Federal Agency to obtain its approval prior to start of construction
and operation of the project. In order to address the potential environmental
impacts, environmental impact assessment (EIA) was carried out, to define the
project’s environmental dimensions and to identify the measures needed to
prevent the project from causing ecological damage if any revealed and
generating social costs.
The site was selected on the basis of critical analysis of alternatives and economic
suitability and sustainability of the environment at large.
This study serves the purpose of documentation and incorporation of
environmental concerns and requirements at the conceptual and feasibility stages
of the project. (in accordance with the "Guidelines for sensitive and critical areas,
Government of Pakistan 1997"). The project process was scrutinized for all the
possible environmental issues and respective impacts. Mitigation measures have
been proposed to comply with the environmental concerns and to eliminate the
possibilities of any impact on the ecology. EIA also proposes an Environmental
Monitoring Program for ensuring that the project would remain environmentally
sound through out its operation.
1.3 Project Profile
1.3.1 Project Need Identification
The oil and gas is the vital requirement for any country’s development. OGDCL is
Pakistan’s largest oil exploration and production company. As of March 1, 2003
OGDCL had drilled 175 exploratory wells and 229 development wells. OGDCL’s
annual sales for the year 2003 are 25,800 barrels of oil per day, 817 million cubic
feet per day of gas, 247 metric tons per day of LPG and 44 metric tons per day of
sulphur. The company’s remaining proven plus probable reserves as of June 30,
2003 comprised 9.228 trillion cubic feet of gas and 162.5 million barrels of oil.
The Sinjhoro field with estimated oil/condensate reserves of around 7.21
MMBBL and gas reserves of around 118.2 BCF.
1.3.2 Scope of EIA study
For the EIA study, the scope of work was as under:
• Description of physical, environmental, socio-economic, and ecological
conditions in and around the proposed facility
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• Project impact identification, prediction and significance at all stages of the
project including planning, implementation and operation
• Identification and assessment of the workability of mitigation measures to
offset or minimize negative project impacts on environment
• Identification of occupational hazards during all stages of the project and
laying down suggestions for improvement in the conditions
1.4 Objectives of the EIA study
The main objectives of the EIA study were:
• To determine and document the state of the environment of the project area
to establish a baseline in order to assess the impact of implementation of the
proposed project
• Provide assistance to the proponent for planning, designing and
implementing the project in a way that would eliminate or minimize the
negative impact on the biophysical and socio-economic environment and
maximizing the benefits to all parties in the most cost effective manner
• To provide opportunity to the public for understanding the project and its
impact on the community and their environment in the context of sustainable
development.
• To provide support to decision makers to take informed decisions.
1.5 Proponent
Oil and Gas Development Corporation Limited is the Main Proponent of the
Sinjhoro Oil/gas Field Development Project
The proponent as given below and the project team as provided in table 1.2;
Proponent :
Oil & Gas Development Company Ltd.
OGDCL House, Jinnah Avenue,
Blue Area, Islamabad
Consultant :
SHAHZAD INTERNATIONAL
House no. 15, Nazimud din road,
F 10/4 Islamabad.
1.6 Approach and Methodology
1.6.1 Approach
Environmental Impact Assessment was conducted keeping in view the legal
framework of the Federal and Provincial Governments of Pakistan. Under the
legal frame, the proposed project was reviewed under the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Act, 1997, Pakistan Environmental Assessment
Procedures (http://www.environment.gov.pk/info.htm) – Pakistan
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Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA), and national and international
assessment guidelines.
Relevant secondary information available with the project on the physical,
technical and institutional aspects of the project was collected and utilized as a
baseline. Secondary information was also collected from relevant departments
to establish physical, socio-economic and environmental profile of the study
area. Information was scrutinized and information gaps were identified. On the
basis of gap analysis, methodology for primary data collection was developed.
The collected data was collated and compiled in an analytical framework. On
the basis of secondary and primary data analysis environmental aspects and
impacts were determined for the implementation phases of the Sinjhoro
processing plant near village Sinjhoro.
1.6.2 Inception Activities
Meetings and discussions were held with the key officials of the project team. This
activity was aimed at achieving a common ground of understanding of various
issues of the study.
The project team assembled and project activities were planned for timely and
effective completion. A kick off meeting was held on 22 June 2011 between
Shahzad International and the OGDCL to finalize the study approach and
methodology. Concerns and suggestions voiced by the client were noted and
addressed in the EIA report.
1.6.3 Identification and Assessment of Impacts
Environmental impacts resulting from the project activities were predicted using
the information gained regarding the area, its sensitivities, the proposed activity,
expert’s judgment and experience of the effects resulting from similar schemes
elsewhere. The significance of all impacts was assessed with reference to
established criteria and standards.
1.7 Methodology
The present study during the month of June – July 2011 was carried out. The
methodology of EIA used is in accordance with the PEPA guidelines in order to
consider the ecologically sensitive area and address it in a well defined manner
(See Section 3 for further detail).
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1.7.1 Project Planning and Assembling Project Team
The detailed planning of the assignment amongst the members of the team was
prepared and detailed work assignments were given to all the team members.
Careful planning was done to ensure effective resource management and timely
completion of the EIA throughout the period of association.
1.7.2 Site visits
The objective of this task was to obtain the maximum possible information
regarding environmental conditions in the area proposed for the Oil and Gas
Field, to this end only secondary data was used.
During the site visit on 23 June, 2011, baseline data regarding the physical,
biological and socio economic environment of the area was collected, including
information regarding the: geology, hydrology, meteorology, flora and fauna,
samples of air, water and soil were taken as well
1.7.3 Review of Legislative Requirements
The objective of this task was to obtain information on all legislation’s
pertaining to the establishment of the proposed oil and gas field development
project, this was reviewed and a synopsis prepared of all relevant laws to be
included in the study. The consultants first reviewed the corporate
environmental policies and the clients objectives, reviewed all oil and gas field
development specific relevant national, international and provincial laws and
guidelines.
1.7.4 Collection of baseline Data
The objective of this task was to establish the background environmental
conditions of the project area. This included but not limited to topography,
geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, climate, flora and fauna, socio-economic
conditions, archaeology, present infrastructure and future proposed development
plans for the project area. Information describing the existing environment was
gathered from various sources including the client, statutory bodies, and local
interest groups and published work.
This task was broken down into the following sub-tasks for ease of
implementation:
Primary Data Collection
The proposed plant is located in a degraded piece of land and rural area of
village Chak no. 6, 4 and 10 on the left Bank of Nara Canal. Primary data was
collected only for the parameters identified in the gap analysis. Four different
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types of teams were formed for covering the geological, biological, socio-
economic and environmental profile of the area. Digital cameras were provided
to each team.
Flora of the Area
Methodology used for the collection of the primary data was based on field
survey of the study area, conducted for five consecutive days. Local people were
met during the survey; they were enquired about the role and presence of nearby
forest / riverine forest area.
Fauna of the Area
Wildlife species were recorded by studying walking transects of variable length
depending on nature of terrain from dawn to dusk for four days. All direct and
indirect clues for the presences of wildlife species were noted as:
• Calls, song birds
• Footprints of animals
• Hair and skeletons
Baseline Conditions
For the baseline condition establishment, visual observations were recorded in
the data matrix. The potential locations for the analysis of following parameters
were identified:
• Ambient air quality
• Surface and groundwater quality
• Noise level
• Soil quality
Secondary Data Collection
In this step, secondary information about physical, technical, and environmental
parameters available with the OGDCL and Shahzad International was reviewed.
Additional data was collected from following concerned departments:
• Sui Southern Gas Company- Karachi
• Sindh Wildlife Department-Sukkur
• Department of Fisheries-Sukkur
• Department of Forestry-Sukkur
• District Government Office-Sukkur
• Tehsil Municipal Administration – Sanghar
• Irrigation Department - Sukkur
• Environmental Protection Agency-Hyderabad
• Union Council
• Local individual(s)
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1.7.5 Meetings with Stakeholders
In order to gain a clear understanding of issues sensitive to the area, and to obtain
maximum knowledge regarding the environment of the area, stakeholders were
contacted and focused group discussions were held with them to appraise them
with the proposed project and to clarify the issues. The views of the individuals /
organizations were recorded and taken into account for impact analysis.
1.7.6 Environmental Impact Assessment
This was a main task of the study and intended to identify all possible adverse
environmental impacts that might result from establishment of the proposed oil
and gas field development project, and assessed the severity of these impacts.
Mitigation measures would also developed for impacts of moderate or high
severity, if any. The following sub tasks were undertaken;
Identification of Impacts: The objective of this task was to systematically
consider the likely or possible significant impacts on the environment arising from
establishment of the proposed development project, and to assess the risks
associated with these impacts. As such information were collected as part of the
previous tasks, analyzed collectively for validity and objectivity before identifying
the impacts. The identification of impacts was a key activity in the environmental
impact assessment process, which was done based on the professional judgment of
our experienced team supported by national and international guidelines.
Evaluation of Impacts: The objective of this task was to evaluate the
significance of each impact identified in the preceding sub-task in terms of its
severity and the likelihood of its occurrence. The assessment of severity would
consider the nature, magnitude, extent and location, timing and duration and
reversibility of the potential impact. Likelihood or probability of occurrence
would be assessed in a qualitative manner. The significance of the impacts
would then be assessed in terms of the effects on the natural ecosystem, level of
public concern and conformance with legislative or statutory requirements. The
impact evaluation process would prioritise each potential impact; screen out
insignificant or inconsequential impacts and forms the basis for the development
of the environmental mitigation and monitoring programme for all significant
impacts.
Review of Environmental Impacts of the Proposed Project Components:
Review of the project was carried out with the objective to determine the
potential impacts of the project on the ecology and socioeconomic conditions of
the area. For the review, primary & secondary data, and produced data maps
were analyzed.
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Following elements of the project were reviewed and compared with the existing
condition of the area:
• Impacts of project operation, activities and rehabilitation services on physical
and ecological environment of the area.
• Impacts of externalities due to project operation, activities and rehabilitation
services on physical and ecological environment of the area
• Impacts of the project activities on socioeconomic environment.
The significance for the severity of the impacts was evaluated by applying the
following procedure;
Table 1.1: Severity of impacts
*ABC= Environmental Issue / Concern, which is notional in this table.
1 = No impact, 2 = Minor, 3 = Moderate, 4 = Significant, 5 = Severe impact
Possible environmental issues that could arise in future by the project activities
and their management plan are described in the proceeding section. The
management plan is devised in accordance with the significance score of the
particular issue.
Identification of Mitigation Measures: The objective of this task was to identify
practices, technologies or activities that would prevent or minimize all significant
environmental impacts and propose physical and procedural controls to ensure
that mitigation is effective. On the basis of the impact evaluation performed in the
previous two tasks, changes or improved practices would be suggested, where
practical, in the planned activities, to prevent and control unacceptable adverse
impacts resulting from normal or extreme events. An outline program for
emergency response and reporting would be developed. Monitoring requirements
would be defined and institutional arrangements for monitoring would be
suggested.
S
#
Issue /
Activity
Severity of Impact on Significance
Score Air Water Land Eco-
system
Socio-
economic
Health
&
safety
ABC* 3 5 1 4 2 3 18
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1.8 Draft report
Draft EIA Report was prepared under the guidelines issued by the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Agency and being submitted to the EPA, Sindh.
1.9 Final Report
After the public hearing session, the comments from Stakeholders on EIA report will
be incorporated, and final report will be prepared and submitted to the ODGCL for
onward submission to EPA, Sindh.
The Environmental Impact Assessment Report presents the findings and compiles
all the information into one document that would include:
• Methodology for undertaking the EIA study
• Governing legislation and statutory requirements
• Description of the proposed oil and gas field development project
• Information relating to the background environmental conditions in the area
• Identification of environmental impacts
• Evaluation of the significance of environmental impacts
• Recommended mitigation measures monitoring requirements
1.10 Public Hearing
A public hearing meeting will be organized for addressing the findings of EIA report
and incorporating the views / concerns of the stakeholders through a participatory
approach.
1.11 Structure of the report
Executive Summary: summarizes the key findings, mitigations and recommended
actions.
Section 1 "Introduction" briefly presents the background of the Sinhoro field
development Project, and its need and objectives as well as the need for the EIA
study. This section also includes "Approach and Methodology" which describes
the overall philosophy of the study, and the methods used in conducting the study
and developing and presenting the Report.
Section 2 "Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework" describes the overall
governance framework within which this EIA is carried out. It also identifies
relevant international environmental agreements to which the country is a party.
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Section 3 "Project Description" furnishes information about the location of the
proposed project, cost and size of the project, and its major components.
Section 4 "Environmental and Social Baseline" establishes baseline conditions
for the physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural conditions prevalent in
the project area.
Section 5 "Stakeholder Consultation & Analysis of Alternatives" defines the
stakeholder consultation and discusses different alternatives considered for the
proposed project to arrive at the preferred alternative for detailed environmental
assessment.
Section 6 "Environmental Impacts Analysis & Mitigation Measures" assesses
and specifies the impacts of the proposed Project in the construction and
operational stages. It also suggests the measures to reduce/eliminate the potential
adverse impacts of the Project on different environmental conditions and resources,
mainly biodiversity, wildlife, landscape, as well as socio-economic conditions of
the people.
Section 7 "Environmental Management Programme" suggests mitigation
measures for the negative impacts and defines the responsibilities of the key
players and other stakeholders regarding the mitigation actions and monitoring;
identifies training requirements of relevant workforce and staff at different levels;
specifies supervision and monitoring mechanisms and parameters to ensure that all
suggested mitigation measures and actions are effectively implemented.
OGDCL has engaged Shahzad International to conduct an Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) study for the proposed Sinjhoro Field Development Project, as
it is a requirement of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997.
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Table 1.2: Project team
S.
#
Name Qualification Role / Experience
1. Dr. Maqsood Anwar PhD, Wildlife Biology Senior Wildlife Biologist / 20 years
experience managing projects on
wildlife ecology
2. Mr. Inayat Ullah M.Phil, Zoology Zoologist/ 7 years experience of
collecting zoology related data and
carrying out EIA studies.
3. Mr. Imran Malik
M.Sc. Botany Botanist /More than 6 years of
experience in collecting botany
related data for EIA/IEE
4. Mr. Mohammad Ali
Mirza
M.Sc. Geology Geo-environmentalist /hydrologist
more than 10 years of experience in
conducting EIA/IEE
5. Mr. Rana Faheem MBA EHS Manager/more than 10 years
of experience in carrying out
EIA/IEE
6. Mr. Rashid Ali
Wallana
MA Social Work Sociologist .8 years of experience in
conducting social assessments for
various projects
7. Harmain Rukh MS Environmental
science
Environment Analyst. 2 years of
experience in EIA/IEE
8. Ms. Ambreen MA Sociology Research Assistant- Socio-
economic. Assisted many socio
economic assessment having 4
years of experience
9. Ms. Ayesha Aftab
Butt
MS Environmental
science
Environment officer ,UNIDO 3
YEAR experience.
Environment Consultant 1 year .
10. Mr. Irfan Akbar
Matric Field Assistant / 8 year experience
in collecting samples.
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2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS
2.1 General
This section deals with the relevant international agreements ratified by the
Government of Pakistan, environmental policies of the Government of Pakistan
and the World Bank. Legal, regulatory and administrative frameworks instituted
by the Government of Pakistan for the protection of environment are also
described. All the relevant provisions of these policy and legal frameworks have
been duly considered in this EIA study.
In addition to this, the roles and responsibilities of the proponent as well as the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Sindh have been covered in this
section.
2.2 International Obligations / Agreements
2.2.1 United Nations Agenda 21
The Government of Pakistan is a signatory to the Agenda 21 since 1992. The
Principle 17 of the United Nations' Agenda 21 established that EIA as a national
instrument shall be undertaken for proposed activities that are likely to have
significant adverse impact on the environment and are subject to a decision of
competent national authority.
2.2.2 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international agreement
adopted at the Earth Summit, in Rio de Janeiro, in 1992 and was signed by more
than 150 government leaders. The Convention is now one of the most widely
ratified international treaties on environmental issues, with 188 member countries
including Pakistan. It has three main objectives:
• To conserve biological diversity
• To use its components in a sustainable way
• To share fairly and equitably the benefits arising from the use of genetic
resources.
The Convention on Biological Diversity was signed by Pakistan in 1992 and ratified
by the Cabinet on 26 July, 1994. The Article 14 of the CBD specifically requires
environmental impact assessments (EIAs) to consider impacts on biodiversity.
Although ecological assessment is an integral component of EIA; but explicit
treatment of biodiversity impacts in power plant EIA is also important.
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2.2.3 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN FCC) was
negotiated in a little over two years and concluded at the 1992 UN Conference on
Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro. It concentrates on
controlling the emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane.
It is aimed at stabilizing changes in the climate to prevent global warming and a
rise in sea level. Change in climate influences the ecology, which in turn also
influences what the country cultivates and exports, and hence its balance-of-
payments position. Under this convention the developed countries will make
provisions of funding and technology to the developing countries to reduce such
emissions.
More than 175 states including Pakistan have now ratified the Convention and so
are legally bound by it. The treaty came into force on 21 March 1994 and Cabinet
of the Government of Pakistan ratified it on 26 July, 1994.
2.2.4 Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is a supplementary treaty to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change adopted in 1997 by 173 countries, which are
members to it. Pakistan has ratified the Kyoto Protocol on 11th January, 2005. The
Kyoto accord obligates 30 of the world's developed nations to reduce their output
of heat-trapping gases produced by industry, automobiles and power plants that
contribute to global warming, also known as climate change.
2.3 International Guidelines
World Bank Guidelines on Environment:
The principal World Bank publications that contain environmental guidelines are
listed below;
• Environmental Assessment-Operational Policy 4.01. Washington, DC, USA.
World Bank 1999.
• Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I: Policies, Procedures, and
Cross-Sectoral Issues.
• World Bank Technical Paper Number 139, Environment Department, the
World Bank, 1991.
• Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume III: Guidelines for
Environmental Assessment of Energy and Industry Projects.
• World Bank Technical Paper No. 154, Environment Department, the World
Bank, 1991.
• Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) guidelines, International Finance
Corporation (IFC) World Bank Group, 2008.
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The first two publications listed here provide general guidelines for the conduct of
an EIA, and address the EIA practitioners themselves as well as project designers.
While the Sourcebook in particular has been designed with Bank projects in mind,
and is especially relevant for the impact assessment of large-scale infrastructure
projects, it contains a wealth of information which is useful to environmentalists
and project proponents.
The Sourcebook identifies a number of areas of concern, which should be
addressed during impact assessment. It sets out guidelines for the determination of
impacts, provides a checklist of tools to identify possible biodiversity issues and
suggests possible mitigation measures. Possible development project impacts on
wild lands, wetlands, forests etc. are also identified and mitigation measures
suggested. The Sourcebook also highlights concerns in social impact assessment.
The EHS guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-
specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP). These guidelines
contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be
achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application
of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-
specific targets, based on environmental assessments and/or environmental audits
as appropriate, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them.
The issues not discussed in this guideline have been provided in the General EHS guidelines published by the IFC.
Furthermore emissions should not result in pollutant concentrations that reach or
exceed relevant ambient quality guidelines and standards by applying national
legislated standards (i.e. NEQS), or in their absence, the current WHO Air Quality
Guidelines, or other internationally recognized sources. The NEQS ambient air
quality standards are provided in table 2.2 .Industrial gaseous emission guidelines
are given in Annexure B. The WHO ambient air quality guidelines are provided in
Table 2.4.
The working environment should be monitored for occupational hazards relevant to
the specific project. Monitoring should be designed and implemented by accredited
professionals as part of an occupational health and safety monitoring program.
Facilities should also maintain a record of occupational accidents and diseases and
dangerous occurrences and accidents. Table 2.5 presents the WHO guideline values
for community noise in specific environments.
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The International Finance Company (IFC) Performance Standards:
International Finance Company (IFC) applies the Performance Standards to
manage social and environmental risks and impacts and to enhance development
opportunities in its private sector financing in its member countries eligible for
financing. Together, the eight Performance Standards establish standards that the
client is to meet throughout the life of an investment by IFC or other relevant
financial institution:
Performance Standard 1: Social and Environmental Assessment and
Management System
Performance Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions
Performance Standard 3: Pollution Prevention and Abatement
Performance Standard 4: Community Health, Safety and Security
Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement
Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural
Resource Management
Performance Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples
Performance Standard 8: Cultural Heritage
2.4 Policy Framework
The Ministry of Environment is the responsible authority for policy making on
environmental protection in Pakistan.
2.4.1 National Environment Policy, 2005
In March, 2005 Government of Pakistan launched its National Environmental
Policy, which provides an overarching framework for addressing the environmental
issues. Section 5 of the policy commits for integrating environment into
development planning as instrument for achieving the objectives of National
Environmental Policy. It further states in clause (b) of subsection 5.1 that EIA
related provisions of Environmental Protection Act of 1997 will be diligently
enforced for all development projects.
2.4.2 National Resettlement Policy (Draft)
Following a national consultative process, a national resettlement policy was
drafted. The draft policy has been reviewed by the provinces, but has yet to be
approved and notified by the government. The draft policy is consistent with the
requirements of the World Bank's OP 4.12 on involuntary resettlement.
The salient features of the Draft National Resettlement Policy are given below:
• The Pak-EPA will be responsible for both environment-related as well as
resettlement-related matters.
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• The responsibilities for implementation at the federal level will be delegated
to the federal agency responsible for the implementation of the project; the
agency is also required to liaise closely with the government of the province
where the project is being implemented.
• The responsibilities for implementation at a provincial are to be delegated to
the provincial EPAs concerned with overall control under the planning and
development (P&D) departments.
• A resettlement action plan (RAP) will be required when the displaced
population exceeds 200.
• All categories of 'loss' arising from development projects that entail
resettlement, need to be addressed; these include not only loss of land, built-up
property, other infrastructure, and crops and trees, but also loss of income, job
opportunities, and access to natural resources, etc.
• Vulnerable groups whose issues need to be addressed in particular include:
women, children, destitute persons, tribal communities, squatters, those with
usufruct rights, and landless groups.
• There should be a particular emphasis on consultation with affected
groups when preparing a RAP.
2.5 Legal Framework
The Government of Pakistan (GoP) has promulgated laws / acts, regulations and
standards for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the
environment. In addition to this, they have also developed environmental
assessment procedures governing developmental projects. Following are the
excerpts of these laws and procedures relevant to the proposed Project;
2.5.1 Federal Laws
i) Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997
The Act was promulgated on December 06, 1997 by repealing the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Ordinance of 1983. Section 12 of the Act provides for
environmental assessment study: Initial Environmental Examination (lEE) and
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) prior to commencement of construction
or operation of a project.
ii) Project Implementation and Resettlement of Affected Persons Ordinance
(draft)
In order to provide legislative support to National Resettlement Policy,
Government of Pakistan has also drafted Project Implementation and Resettlement
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of Affected Persons Ordinance but has not yet promulgated. The provisions of this
draft ordinance are consistent with the requirements of the World Bank's OP 4.12
on involuntary resettlement. After becoming law, these provisions will apply
when addressing the resettlement issues that arise in the project.
iii) Cutting of Trees (Prohibition) Act, 1975
This Act prohibits cutting or chopping of trees without permission of the Forest
Department.
iv) The Antiquities Act, 1975
Archaeological sites and monuments are specifically protected by this Act.
v) Land Acquisition Act, 1894
The Land Acquisition Act (1894) deals with the acquisition of private properties
for public purposes including large development projects like major roads. There
are 55 sections in this Act mainly dealing with area notifications, surveys,
acquisition, compensation, apportionment awards, disputes resolution, penalties
and exemptions.
vi) Canal and Drainage Act, 1873
This Act entails provisions for the prevention of pollution of natural or man-made
water bodies.
vii) Pakistan Penal Code, 1860
This Act defines the penalties for violations concerning pollution of air, water
bodies and land.
viii) Explosives Act, 1884
Under the Explosives Act, 1884, the project contractors are bound by regulations
on handling, transportation and using explosives during quarrying, blasting, and
other purposes.
ix) Highways Safety Ordinance, 2000
This ordinance includes provisions for the licensing and registration of vehicles
and construction equipment; maintenance of road vehicles; traffic control,
offences, penalties and procedures; and the establishment of a police force for
motorways and national highways charged with regulating and controlling traffic
on the national highways, and keeping the highways clear of encroachments.
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x) Hazardous Substance Rules, 2003 (Draft)
Section 14 of the PEPA 1997 requires that “no person shall generate, collect,
consign, transport, treat, dispose of, store, handle or import any hazardous
substance except
(a) Under a license issued by the Federal Agency and in such manner as may be
prescribed; or
(b) In accordance with the provisions of any other law for the time being in force, or
of any international treaty, convention, protocol, code, standard, agreement or
other instrument to which Pakistan is a party.” Pak-EPA has drafted the
Hazardous Substance Rules to implement the licensing requirement. The rules are
still in their draft form and are pending notification.
2.5.2 Provincial Laws
i) The Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972
The Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972 empowers the government to
declare certain areas reserved for the protection of wildlife and control activities
within these areas. It also provides protection to endangered species of wildlife.
As no activities are planned in declared protected areas, no provision of this law is
applicable to the proposed project.
ii) The Sindh Fisheries Ordinance, 1980
The Sindh Fisheries Ordinance, 1980 regulates fishing in the public waters,
including the coastal areas, of Sindh. It empowers the government of Sindh to
issue licenses for fishing in public waters, put restriction on the type of equipment
that can be used for fishing, restrict fishing in certain areas or of certain species of
fish, regulate the onshore trade of fish catch, and regulate the fish processing
industry.
Article 8 of the Ordinance prohibits the discharge of wastewater to public waters
without the consent of the Director Fisheries. A copy of the EIA report will be
sent to the Director Fisheries, Government of Sindh for his consent when the
report is submitted to the SEPA for environmental approval.
iii) The Forest Act, 1927
The Forest Act, 1927 empowers the government to declare certain areas reserved
forest. As no reserved forest exists in the vicinity of the proposed project, the
provisions of this law are not applicable to the proposed project.
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iv) The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994
The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994 is the provincial law for the
protection of cultural heritage. Its objectives are similar to those of the Antiquity
Act, 1975. No antiquity protected under these two laws was identified in the
vicinity of the proposed project.
2.6 Regulatory Framework
i) Pakistan EPA (Review of IEE/EIA) Regulations, 2000
These regulations provide lists of the projects requiring lEE and EIA. They also
briefly describe the preparation and review of environmental reports. In
accordance with Regulation 4 of these Regulations, an EIA for the proposed
project satisfying the requirements of the Section 12 of PEPA Act of 1997 is
being submitted to Environmental Protection Department (EPA), Government of
the Sindh. The EIA report will be reviewed by the panel of experts of EPA. Later,
a public hearing will also be conducted to address the public concerns related to
proposed project. After completing codel procedures, the EPA Sindh would
accord environmental approval of the proposed project.
ii) National Environmental Quality Standards, 2000
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Council first approved these standards in
1993. They were later revised in 1995 and 2000. The National Environmental
Quality Standards (NEQS), 2000 specify the following standards:
• Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in municipal and liquid
industrial effluents discharged into inland waters, sewage treatment facilities,
and the sea.
• Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in gaseous emissions from
industrial sources.
• Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in gaseous emissions from
vehicle exhaust and noise emission from vehicles.
• Maximum allowable noise levels from vehicles.
iii) Motor Vehicle Rules, 1969
Motor Vehicle Rules 1969 (MVR 1969) define powers and responsibilities of
Motor Vehicle Examiners (MVEs). The establishment of MVE inspection system
is one of the regulatory measures that can be taken to tackle the ambient air quality
problems associated with the vehicular emissions during construction /
commissioning phase.
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iv) Regulation of Mines, Oil Fields and Mineral Development Act, 1948
This legislation provides regulatory procedures for the quarrying and mining of
construction material from state-owned as well as private land
2.7 Environmental Assessment Guidelines
2.7.1 Pak-EPA Environmental Assessment Procedures and Guidelines, 1997
Pak-EPA has also published environmental assessment procedures and guidelines
in October, 1997, which contains the following sets of information relevant to the
proposed Project:
i) Guidelines for Public Consultation
These guidelines deal with possible approaches to public consultation and
techniques for designing an effective program of consultation that reaches out to all
major stakeholders and ensures that their concerns are incorporated in any impact
assessment study.
ii) Guidelines for Policy and Procedures for Filing, Review and
Approval of Environmental Assessment Reports
It describes environmental policy and administrative procedures to be followed for
filing of environmental assessment reports by the proponents and its review and
approval by the concerned environmental protection agency/department. The
section on administrative procedures has been superseded by the IEE-EIA
Regulations, 2000.
iii) Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports
These guidelines are developed to facilitate both the proponents and decision
makers to prepare reports (inclusive of all the information contained therein) and
carry out their review so as to take informed decisions. The guidelines on the
preparation and review of environmental reports target the project proponents and
specify:
• The nature of the information to be included in environmental reports
• The minimum qualifications of the EIA conductors appointed
• The need to incorporate suitable mitigation measures at every stage of project
implementation
• The need to specify monitoring procedures.
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The terms of reference for the reports are to be prepared by the project proponents
themselves. The report must contain baseline data on the project area, detailed
assessment thereof, and mitigation measures.
2.8 Environmental Guidelines
2.8.1 Guidelines for Operational Safety, Health and Environmental Management
The Directorate General prepares these guidelines, Petroleum Concessions of the
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Government of Pakistan. These
guidelines identify the various operational health; safety and environmental factors
associated with the oil and gas exploration and production activities. It also
summarizes the clauses and articles of various rules and regulations applicable to
the oil and gas sector and that relates to the operational health, safety and
environmental aspects of these activities. These guidelines provide an insight into
the technological solutions to the operational aspects of oil and gas exploration and
production. These guidelines are extensive and fully support the recently approved
Environmental Protection Act of 1997.
2.8.2 OGDCL Environmental, Health and Safety Policy
OGDCL’s corporate environmental, health and safety policy is to abide by the
environmental, health and safety laws of Pakistan to the extent that is practical and
desirable in minimizing the generation of wastes, effluents and emissions, including
noise, through good design and practices; clean up and make safe any planned or
unplanned releases that remain; restore disturbed land and rehabilitate wild life
when abandoning a project area. (See Annexure -D)
2.9 Administrative frame work
2.9.1 Environmental Protection Agency, Sindh established PEPA, 1997
Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) is the apex inter-ministerial and
multi-stakeholders decision-making body, which is headed by the Prime Minister.
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency is the regulatory body responsible
for enforcement of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997. For
implementation of PEPA, 1997, the powers have been delegated to provincial
environmental protection agencies for review, approval and monitoring of
environmental assessment projects. For this proposed project, the EPA Sindh will
be responsible for reviewing the EIA report, issuing environmental approval and
post approval monitoring of the proposed project activities to ensure compliance
with the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and any other condition of the
environmental approval.
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2.9.2 Sindh Forest Department
The project implementation will not involve clearing of vegetation and trees within
the right of way. The project contractors will be responsible for acquiring a 'No
Objection Certificate' (NOC) from the Sindh Forest Department on the basis of the
approved EIA. The application for an NOC will need to be endorsed by the
OGDCL.
2.9.3 Sindh Wildlife Department (SWD)
The project site area is a piece of degraded land which has little agricultural
practicing fields in its surroundings. The area is quite far from the Indus Dolphin
Reserve, Takkar Wildlife Sanctuary and Nara Wildlife Sanctuary. Although the area
has no wildlife concerns but it would be appropriate if Sindh Wildlife Department is
taken on board and notified of the mitigation measures suggested in EIA to
minimize the impact.
2.9.4 Regional Environment Office
Environment Protection Agency in Sindh has its regional offices in the province
Sindh. The Regional Environment Offices have been established to perform the
following functions:
• To ensure, guide and assist the proponents of new projects in submission of
Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)/ Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) to the Director General, EPA for approval;
• To ensure implementation of environmental protection and preservation
measures in all development projects at the district level and to sensitize
government agencies on environmental issues;
• To identify the needs for legislation in various sectors of the environmental
matters;
• To provide information and guidance to the public on environment;
• To regulate motor vehicles subject to the provisions of the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and the rules and regulations made
there-under.
• To encourage the formation and working of non-governmental organizations,
to prevent and combat pollution and promote sustainable development; and
• To undertake regular monitoring of projects and to submit progress reports to
the DG, EPA for publication in the annual Report
The project will fall in the jurisdiction of Regional Environment Office Sukkur
which is responsible for regular monitoring of the project.
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Table 2.1: NEQS for Municipal and Liquid Industrial Effluents Discharged to
Inland Waters (mg/l, unless otherwise defined)
Serial
no.
Parameters Standards
1 Temperature increase a ≤ 3 °C
2 pH value 6-9
3 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)5 at 20 C b 80
4 Chemical oxygen demand (COD)b 150
5 Total suspended solids (TSS) 200
6 Total dissolved solids (TDS) 3,500
7 Grease and oil 10
8 Phenolic compounds (as phenol) 0.1
9 Chloride (as Cl–) 1,000
10 Fluoride (as F–) 10
11 Cyanide (as CN–) total 1.0
12 Anionic detergents (as MBAs)c 20
13 Sulfate (SO–) 600
14 Sulfide (S–) 1.0
15 Ammonia (NH3) 40
16 Pesticides d 0.15
17 Cadmium e 0.1
18 Chromium (trivalent and hexavalent)d 1.0
19 Copper e 1.0
20 Lead e 0.5
21 Mercury e 0.01
22 Selenium e 0.5
23 Nickel e 1.0
24 Silver e 1.0
25 Total toxic metals 2.0
26 Zinc 5.0
27 Arsenic e 1.0
28 Bariume 1.5
29 Iron 8.0
30 Manganese 1.5
31 Boron e 6.0
32 Chlorine 1.0
Explanations a The effluent should not result in a temperature increase of more than 3 °C at the edge of the zone where initial mixing and dilution take place in the receiving body. In case zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the discharge point.
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b Assuming minimum dilution 1:10 on discharge; lower ratio would attract progressively stringent standards to be determined by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1:10 dilution means that for each one cubic meter of treated effluent, the recipient water body should have 10 cubic meters of water for the dilution of this effluent.
c Modified Benzene Alkyl Sulfate; assuming surfactant as biodegradable.
d Pesticides include herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides.
e Subject to total toxic metal discharge should not exceed level given at Sr. No. 25.
Notes: 1. Dilution of liquid effluents by mixing them with fresh water to bring them to the NEQS limiting values before discharging to the environment is not permissible. 2. The concentration of pollutants in water being used will be subtracted from the effluent for calculating the NEQS limits.
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Table 2.2: Proposed National Environmental Quality Standards for Ambient Air (Draft)
Pollutants Time-weighted
Average
Concentration in Ambient Air Method of
Measurement Effective from
1st January
2009
Effective from
1st January
2012
Sulpher Dioxide (So2)
Annual Average*
80 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 Ultra Violet Fluorescence method 24 hours** 120 µg/m 3 120 µg/m 3
Oxide of Nitrogen as (NO)
Annual Average*
40 µg/m3 40 µg/m3 Gas Phase Chemiluminescence
24 hours** 40 µg/m3 40 µg/m3
Oxide of Nitrogen as (NO2)
Annual Average*
40 µg/m3 40 µg/m3 Gas Phase Chemiluminescence
24 hours** 80 µg/m3 80 µg/m3
O3 1 hour 180 µg/m3 130 µg/m3 Non dispersive UV absorption method
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
Annual Average*
400 µg/m3 360 µg/m3 -High Volume Sampling, (Average flow rate not less than 1.1 m3/min)
24 hours** 550 µg/m3 500 µg/m3
Respirable particulate Matter. PM 10
Annual Average*
200 µg/m3 120 µg/m3 -β Ray Absorption method 24 hours** 250 µg/m3 150 µg/m3
Respirable Particulate Matter. PM 2.5
Annual Average*
25 µg/m3 15 µg/m3 -β Ray Absorption method
24 hours** 40 µg/m3 35 µg/m3
1 hour 25 µg/m3 15 µg/m3
Lead (Pb) Annual Average*
1.5 µg/m3 1 µg/m3 ASS Method after sampling using EPM 2000 or equivalent Filter paper
24 hours** 2 µg/m3 1.5 µg/m3
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
8 hours** 5 mg/m3 5 mg/m3 Non Dispersive Infra method 1 hour 10 mg/m3 10 mg/m3
*Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 instruments in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval **24 hourly /8 hourly values should be met 98% of the in a year. 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
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Table 2.3: Proposed NEQS for Noise (Draft)9
No. Category of
Area/Zone
Effective from
1st January, 2009
Effective from
1st January, 2010
Limit in dB(A) Leq9
Day Time10
Night Time11
Day Time Night Time
1. Residential Area (A) 65 50 55 45
2. Commercial area (B) 70 60 65 55
3. Industrial area (C ) 80 75 75 65
4. Silence Zone (D )12 55 45 50 45
9 Time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable to human hearing. 10 Day time hours: 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. 11 Night time hours: 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. 12 Silence zone: Zones which are declared as such by the competent authority. An area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions and courts. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned catefores y the competent authority.
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Table 2.4: WHO Ambient Air Quality Guidelines
Pollutants Averaging time Guideline value in µg/m3 2sdf
Sulfur dioxide SO2
24-hour 125 (Interima target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 20 (guideline)
10 minute 500 (guideline) Nitrogen dioxide NO2
1-year 40 (guideline)
1-hour 200 (guideline)
Particulate Matter PM10
1-year 70 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 30 (Interim target-3) 20 (guideline)
24-hour 150 (Interim target-1 100 (Interim target-2) 75 (Interim target-3) 50 (guideline)
Particulate Matter PM2.5
1-year 35 (Interim target-1) 25 (Interim target-2) 15 (Interim target-3) 10 (guideline)
24-hours 75 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 37.5 (Interim target-3) 25 (guideline)
a. Interim targets are provided in recognition of the need for a staged approach to achieving the recommended guidelines
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Table 2.5: WHO Guideline Values for Community Noise in Specific Environments
Specific Environment LAeq
(dB)
Averaging Time
(hours)
LAmax,
Fast (dB)
Outdoor living area 55 16 _
Dwelling (indoors) 35 16 _
School classrooms (indoors)
35 During class
Hospital, ward rooms, nighttime (indoors)
30 8 40
Industrial, commercial, shopping and traffic areas (indoors and outdoors)
70 24 110
Table 2.6: World Bank Recommended Noise Levels
Specific
Environment
Maximum Allowable Log Equivalent
(Hourly Measurements), in dB(A)
Day (7:00-22:00) Night (22:00-7:00)
Residential,
institutional,
educational
55 45
Industrial,
commercial
70 70
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3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1 General
The Sinjhoro field is located about 65 km NE of Hyderabad city of Sindh province in
lower Indus basin. To date OGDCL has discovered 15 wells in the Sinjhoro concession.
The main reservoirs are basal and massive sand lower guru formation in the area.
OGDCL is in its capacity is the operator of Sinjhoro field. OGDCL and the joint partners
(OGDCL, OPI, GHPL) intend to set-up surface facilities at the field and gas processing
and associated facilities with LPG extraction plant .The facilities shall be set-up adjacent
to Sanghar Nawabshah road. The Sinjhoro processing plant is located at distance of about
8 km from Sanghar.
Sinjhoro well fluids will be processed at Sinjhoro processing plant by relocating the ex-
Dhodak plant with the installation of some new units i-e Amine units, Compressors etc.
The sales gas will be transported from Sinjhoro plant to Bobi Oil complex where 12” dia
pipeline for transportation of Bobi and Sinjhoro sales gas is already available. The sales
gas will be transported to SSGC Tando Adam injection point through this existing 12”
dia 43 km line. The Bobi field/LPG plant is located about 35 km from Sinjhoro.
3.2 Objectives of the Project
The overall aim of the proposed Project is to develop a gas production facility with the
latest technology to cater the energy demand in Pakistan with the following objectives:
1) To set up a gas production facility
2) To supplement the gas demand by using locally available and cheap resources and
3) To ensure the sustainability of the existing environmental conditions.
3.3 System description
Gas processing is the treatment used to reduce impurities to an acceptable content or to
enhance the total gas stream value. The process is generally implemented in the order,
starting with dehydration to permit transport of the gas stream or to prepare it for natural
gas liquid (NGL) recovery. Fractionation is used to separate the NGL components and
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) consists primarily of liquefied methane from a cryogenic
process. If H2S or CO2 contaminate the gas, a gas sweetening process is used to remove
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these contaminants prior to dehydration and NGL recovery. H2S and CO2 are called acid
gases; they form acids in the presence of water.
Sour gas is a produced gas stream (associated or non-associated) that contains acid gas
components. Acid gas disposal is the primary consideration since economic,
environmental, and safety issues all impact and frame the possible alternatives.
3.3.1 Wellhead facilities
3.3.1.1 Wells Count
Natural gas processing begins at the well head. The composition of the raw natural gas
extracted from producing wells depends on the type, depth, and location of the
underground deposit and the geology of the area. Oil and natural gas are often found
together in the same reservoir. No. of wells are 14 .Distance of wells from plant are
tabulated in Exhibit 3.1. Well mentioned at sr. no. 7 i.e. Baloch#1 in not included in
the development plan submitted to MoP & NR. (Exhibit 3.1: Distances from plant to
well)
3.3.1.2 Raw Gas Composition
The raw gas composition of the wells is given in (Exhibit 3.2: Commingled gas
composition of the Sinjhoro wells)
3.3.1.3 Production Profile
3.3.1.4 Product specification
Following product specifications have been considered for Gas, LPG and Condensate.
Sales Gas – Transmission Line:
Plant Battery Limit Pressure 1260 psig (min)
Plant Battery Limit Temperature 120 ºF (max)
Allowable Water Content 7 lb/ MMscf (max)
Dew Point at all pressures 32 ºF
Calorific Value (GHV) 950 BTU/Scf (Min)
Wobbe Number 1220 BTU/Scf (Min)
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Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG):
Minimum Vapor Pressure 70 psig at 38 °C
Maximum Vapor Pressure 159.5 psig at 38 °C
Battery Limit Pressure 203 psig
Gross Heating Value 18000 Btu/lb
95% Boiling Point 2 °C at 1 Bar
Pentane Content 2% (max.)
(* Specification of LPG product is in accordance with the Pakistan Standard 1405:
1978 and Amendment No. 1, November 1985.)
3.3.2 Processing facilities
3.3.2.1 Layout of the Project
Natural gas processing plants are used to purify the raw natural gas produced from
underground gas fields or extracted at the surface from the fluids produced from oil
wells. A fully operational plant will deliver pipeline-quality natural gas that can be
used as fuel by residential, commercial and industrial consumers. Contaminants have
been removed and heavier hydrocarbons have been captured for other commercial
uses. For economic reasons, however, some plants may be designed to yield an
intermediate product typically containing over 90% pure methane and smaller
amounts of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and sometimes ethane. This can be further
processed in downstream plants or used as feedstock for chemicals manufacturing.
3.3.2.2 Land
Total 102 acres of land has been acquired on lease.
3.3.2.3 Process Design Data
Exhibit 3.4: Flow chart of Plant utilities
3.3.2.4 Design Capacity
The design capacity of the Sinjhoro Gas Processing Plant is as follows:
• Gas 41.1 MMSCFD
• Condensate 2750 BPD
• LPG 190 TPD
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3.3.2.5 Plant Utilities
• Gas /oil water separator and slug catcher
• Condensate stabilization
• Liquid dehydration
• Flash gas compressor
• Gas sweetening unit
• Gas dehydration unit
• Dew point control and LPG recovery unit
• De-ethanizer of gas compressor
• Refrigeration package
• Feed gas and sales compressor
• Feed gas and liquid metering
• Produced water treatment and disposal system
Further the Plant utilities also include following;
• Instrument air package
• Hot oil system
• Flare and flow down system
• Cooling water system
• Electrical power generation
• Fuel gas system
• Drain/slope blow case system
• Strom water pond and produced water tank
• Firefighting system
• LPG storage bullets
• Condensate storage tank
• LPG and condensate loading system
The products will be available after processing Sinjhoro wells fluids are as follows;
Sales gas: 25-30 MMSCFD
Condensate: 3000-3500 BPD
LPG: 120-140 MTD
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3.3.3 Gas transport line
3.3.3.1 Field gathering system
Three phase fluid from Sinjhoro wells will be transported to Sinjhoro plant. About 14
individual spur lines from Sinjhoro field wells will carry the complete mixed flow
production to plant at about 8km from Sanghar.
3.3.3.2 Gas transportation
Treated gas from Sinjhoro plant will be transported to Bobi plant through 10” dia about
35 km sales gas transport pipeline. The sales gas from Bobi and Sinjhoro will be
transported through existing 12 dia” 43 km sales gas transport pipeline to Tando Adam
SSGC Injection point.
3.4 Development plan and Schedule
Development stages Phase – I
Partially supply of gas will be made by shifting and installation of facilities from
Dhodak Plant to Sinjhoro (Table 3.1).
Phase – II
Supply of gas will be started after installing Feed / sales Gas Compressors, Amine Unit,
Acid Gas Flare etc. Expected production given in (Table 3.2)
Phase I: Expected completion time is November 2011
Phase II: Expected completion time is March 2012
3.5 Project Feasibility and reservoir potential
IRR=214.77%
NPV @ 15%= $ 502.64 Million (US$ 347.99 after tax impact)
Pay back= 1.47 years
Recoverable Reserves
Oil / Condensate = 7.21 MMBBL
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Gas = 118.2 BCF
3.6 Project Implementation
3.6.1 Construction Work
Plant construction works will include:
• Ground leveling;
• Temporary diesel generator power and distribution;
• Civil works preparation for CPP & Pipelines;
• Foundation preparation for plant equipment;
• Equipment/vessel laying on foundations;
• Interconnecting pipe laying and welding;
• Cleaning of vessels and equipment;
• Electrical equipment installation and connectivity;
• Instrumentation installation and connectivity;
• Plant equipment earthling;
• Safety and fire water systems installation;
• Metering skid preparation and installation at plant;
• Hydro‐testing of plant equipment and piping;
• Pre‐commissioning and testing of plant equipment;
• Chemical loading;
• Line‐up, purging and leak testing;
The offsite and other facilities construction will include:
• Security Post;
• Sewerage, septic tank;
• Water well and related piping;
• Camp and plant lighting and illumination;
• Warehouse and workshop shed preparation;
• Laboratory preparation;
• Project Operation.
3.6.2 Worksite Camps
Messing facilities and accommodation for OGDCL and consultant professionals will be
provided by OGDCL. PC contractor is responsible for the arrangement of boarding and
lodging of its professionals and all labors. However, OGDCL will only provide the land
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for the PC Contractor’s temporary construction facilities for office, workshops and
storage facilities etc.
PC Contractor shall submit a detailed list of his personnel, vehicles, equipment, tools,
etc. record for construction activities for OGDCL’s approval. Only approved persons
and equipment, etc. shall be allowed to enter into plant area
Storage facilities for fuel, condensate, chemicals and produced water will be
constructed as per prevailing international relevant codes and standards.
The Utilities i.e. electric power and water etc. necessary for the entire construction
(erection/installation) works will be arranged by the PC Contractor.
PC contractor is responsible for the construction of facilities and all labors will
therefore be hired by them. PC contractor may hire unskilled labor like office boy,
general janitorial services etc from locals.
3.7 Waste management
a) Solid Waste
The solid waste at Sinjhoro Gas Field will primarily consist of:
• Solid waste from empty packaging/drums
• Discarded chemicals and additives and feed gas residual as Sulphur
• Discarded and unserviceable equipment
• Scrap metal and wood
• Domestic refuse
The management of solid is extremely important at Sinjhoro Gas Field Development
Project. The total quantity of sulfur recovered from the feed gas in the form of H2 S will
be around 12 metric tons per day which is based on the inlet gas H2 S concentration of
1000 ppm as specified by the OGDCL for the design of H2S Removal Plant. The
recovered H2S will be converted to SO2 and disposed off in the incinerator.
b) Liquid waste
The major source of effluent discharge in the proposed Sinjhoro Gas Field
Development Project is wastewater from the dehyderation/H2S removal plant and the
domestic liquid waste will be primarily composed of the following:
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- Produced water from dehydration and H2S removal plant
- Lubricating oils and greases
- Liquid sanitary waste from the residential colony.
- Liquid kitchen waste
- Laundry waste
The lubricating oils and greases should be properly dumped into a waste pit,
approximately 100m long by 50m wide and 3-4m deep. The liquid waste should be
allowed to evaporate and any residual solids should be buried. The wastewater pit must
be sealed by acceptable clay or synthetic layer or any approved material to prevent
leakage. The Effluent treatment Plant will treat the wastewater coming from the
dehydration and H2S removal plant.
3.8 Fuel management
The two primary fuels used for operations are High-Speed Diesel (HSD) and Gasoline
(petrol). These are required for generators, engines, accessory equipment, construction
machinery and vehicles during the construction and operation of Sinjhoro Gas Field
Development Project.
The storage and handling of fuels are major environmental concern. As a standard
practice, fuel storage tanks are placed above ground. The stored fuels are also one of the
potential hazards and require strict adherence to the safety procedures and regulations of
the OGDCL.
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Table 3.1: Expected production (I)
Oil
1400 BPD
Gas 16 MMscfd
LPG 50-60 MTD
Table 3.2: Expected production (II)
Oil
3000-3500 BPD
Gas
25-30 MMscfd
LPG
120-140 MTD
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Exhibit 3.1: Distances from plant to well
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Exhibit 3.2: Commingled gas composition of the Sinjhoro wells
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Exhibit 3.3: Flow chart of Production facility
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Exhibit 3.4: Flow chart of Plant utilities
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4. ENVIRONMENATAL BASELINE OF THE PROJECT AREA
4.1 Data Collection Methodology
Data used to compile this section was obtained from two main sources: published
literature and field survey;
(a) Published Literature
The tasks were to review available environmental information on the Sanghar including
climate, ecological, biological socioeconomic, cultural conditions and land use. These
tasks were assisted by review of the limited environmental impact assessment obtained
from various sources.
(b) Field Survey for this Study
Field survey was conducted to collate primary data for this study. A team consisting of
an environmentalist, a sociologist and a biologist visited the project area for three days.
In order to evaluate the current status of the area, the team studied ecological, biological,
environmental, socio economic and cultural characteristics. For this purpose a list of
villages and sub villages falling within the Block (Table 4.1: Villages in the project
area) was prepared to assess the environmental impacts on population & property. The
information was collected on economic and agronomic data for the study.
Keeping in view the scope of work, nature of the study and available resources, rapid
social appraisal method was used to discover facts on the prevailing socio-economic and
cultural conditions of the project area.
The operational definition of the project area was confined to population, land use,
cropping pattern, cropping intensity, farm in put use levels, access to irrigation water,
animal, livestock, wealth and flora/fauna with detailed description of the ecology, flora
and fauna of the proposed area which is as under: Density of native vegetation cover,
estimated age of resources and minimum time required for rehabilitation, reserve forests
and other significant natural sites, plant species of commercial importance, plant / animal
species with potential to become nuisance vectors or dangerous.
Municipal Corporation Offices located at Sanghar were consulted and information was
collected on the project area. Most of the information was obtained from the people of
project area.
4.2 Village selection
The main cities near to plant area are Sanghar and Sinjhoro .Villages near to the project
area were selected for in-depth study (Table 4.1: Villages in the project area)
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4.3 Physical Environment
The area exists without any mountain or hill. The project area can be divided into two
parts, a fertile plain area in the west and desert area in the east. The Nara canal flows
from northwest to southeast. The western plain has been formed by rich alluvial
deposits of the river Indus and is therefore a valley of plain trenched with river channels
in some places and overlain by raised beds in others. The general elevation of the plain
is about 50 meters above sea level. The eastern desert area covers north of Khipro
taluka and a portion of Sanghar taluka. Most of the area consists of barren tracks of
sand dunes covered by thorny bushes.
Topographical conditions:
In terms of Geomorphology and general topography, the project area can be divided
into three major parts with respect to moderate surface undulation, that are:-
a. Desert portion: Undulated area with wildly vegetation.
b. Chutiari dam: With thick forest, explained in proceeding Para.
c. Agricultural land: Cultivated with different seasonal crops
4.3.1 Geology
Sanghar lies in central part of lower Indus basin which form part of western passive
continental margin of Indian plate. From Paleozoic to Triassic, Indian plate was an
integral part of pangea. It was during early Jurassic that Indian plate initially began to
break up from southern Africa. However, its separation from Madagascar began in
early creataceous while it started to drift northwards in late creataceous. In early
Paleocene (60 MY) Indian plate rotated counter clockwise and raced northwards at an
accelerated pace (15-20 CM/Year). By late Eocene (40 MY) Tethys sea began to close
as initial collision between India and Eurasia began. Full scale collision came about
during mid-tertiary (about 20MY) which continues till today.
4.3.2 Soil
Originally soil of the area is made of alluvial deposits having various proportions of
sand, silt and clay at different places. When irrigated with canal water, the soil had been
partly modified through addition of sediments such as silt and at times clay. At present,
in general, the soil of the project area is sandy loam in nature. Beyond irrigation tracts
i.e. un ‐ commendable areas of the desert there were “dhars” between the sand dunes,
which were not irrigated, also there were patches of dense saline sodri hard clay loam.
The layers of soil formation were generally uniform varying in depth from 5 to 20ft.
Sand started affirming from depths varying from 6 to 16ft. Soil samples tested in the
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field showed PH value ranging from 7.05 to 8 (Table 4.4).In all the areas surveyed old
sedimentary rocks were present in the middle of the sandy desert. The rocks had been
subjected to abrasion and now only small remnants of the rocks were seen standing
there. The soil sample analysis is given in (Table 4.4).
4.3.3 Hydro-geography
Rivers and streams
The water channels passing through the Sinjhoro area are Dim branch and Ali Jamraou
(Exhibit 4.8: Water bodies of the project area). The chemical analysis of the ground
water from the plant area along with is comparision with NEQS is given in (Table 4.2).
Dams and canals
Chutiari dam almost become dry and water with some small depth is available in
different patches. However, the dried portions of the Dam have been covered with
wildly grown thick forest of thorny bushes that bears health hazard reptiles in abundant.
Similarly, the bank sides of Nara Canals are also having the same conditions.
4.3.4 Weather and Climate
The climate is hot and dry in summer and cold and dry in winter. In summer
temperature goes up to 43’ C while in winter it goes down to 6’ C. The average annual
rainfall is about 12 millimeters. Monthly mean maximum and minimum temperature
and precipitation recorded at Nawabshah is given in (Table 4.7).
4.3.5 Ambient Air quality of the area
As part of the study, ambient air quality monitoring was carried out during the EIA
field visit in 23rd June 2011. The recent monitoring was carried out at locations within
the camp area premises in order to find the present concentration values of SO2, NOx,
CO and PM10. The air quality monitoring was carried out for 24 hours at each of these
locations at hourly interval. The values of the pollutants for short time period averages
(i.e. for 1 and 24 hour) have been provided. Detailed air quality monitoring for at least
3 – 6 months is required for determining the concentration values for longer time period
(i.e. annual ). It was observed from the results that the ambient air quality of the area is
generally good with all the concentration values of the pollutants below the guideline
values (i.e. NEQS and WHO). Results of the ambient air quality monitoring are
provided in (Table 4.5).
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4.4 Noise
There is no continuous major source of noise in the project area. Intermittent sources
include farm tractors, farm equipment, road and rail traffic. Considering the intermittent
nature of these noise sources, it can be concluded that the noise pollution in the area is
low.
The maximum value of noise levels in the existing main plant area were recorded to be
69.5 dB(A) . The high noise areas are identified by sign boards and ear mufflers are
worn by the workers to minimise the noise effects.
Table 4.6 presents the results of the noise survey conducted on project boundary in
June 2011. It can be inferred from the results the noise levels are below the World Bank
guideline values and therefore do not have a harmful affect on the communities living
in the vicinity of the project area
4.5 Biological Environment
Chotiari is a rich ecological site and a unique habitat consisting of wetland, riverine
forest, desert scrub and sand dunes. This area is formed from several small natural
Lakes (dhands) and inter-dunal depressions that protrude finger-like into the western
margins of the Thar Desert. Depth of water in the Lakes ranges from shallow (less than
6 feet) to deep (30 to 45 feet). The edges of the Lakes present a mosaic of reed beds,
which lie alongside alluvial fans, irrigation channels, riverine forests, desert dunes,
swamps and agricultural land. Historically, the Chotiari Wetland Complex was flanked
by “Makhi forest” famous for rich reserves of quality honey. Most of this forest was
cleared and converted into agriculture fields in the British era in the backdrop of “Hur
Revolt”.
4.5.1 Flora
Aquatic vegetation includes Typha latifolia, Typha dominghensis, Phragmites karka,
Ipomoea aquatica, Nymphaea lotus, Nelumbo nucifera, Polygonum spp. The Riverine
Forest has canopy of Populus euphratica, Dalbergia sissoo, Prosopis cineraria, Acacia
nilotica and Ziziphus mauritiana etc. Cultivated crops are generally cotton (Kharif
season) and wheat (Rabi season) augmented with rice, sugar cane, animal fodder and
vegetables. A further detail of cultivated herbs and shrubs on agricultural lands and in
habitations given in Table 4.11.
The trees which grows naturally in Sinjhoro Block area are neem, babul, peepul, bar,
kandi, kirar, lai, mango and talhi (Shishum).flora of the area shown in exhibit (Exhibit
4.4: Vegetation of the area)
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The trees which grows naturally in Sanghar are neem, babul, peepul, bar, kandi, kirar,
lai, mango and talhi (Shishum).
4.5.2 Fauna
The open wetlands and terrestrial areas are habitats for variety of fish, mammals, birds
and reptiles.
Fish: Chotiari is now producing fish weighing about 525 tonnes per year. In 1997
Sindh University conducted a study of fish fauna and recorded 31 fresh water species.
Mammals: Hog Deer, Chinkara, Jungle Cat, Fishing Cat, Caracal, Smooth coated
Otter, Wild boar, Mongoose, Desert hare and Squirrels are reported in the area. A
survey of Hog deer during the period May – October 1997 estimated that about 90
animals live along the western side of reservoir from Makhi Weir to Akanwari Deh.
The gradual decline in vegetative cover has resulted in degradation of natural habitat of
the Hog Deer whose wild population has declined severely (Table 4.12).
Birds: Chotiari Lakes are important habitat for a variety of bird species. As many as
107 species of birds have been recorded from the area. Two species of birds found in
the area are worth mentioning. The Marbled Teal is globally threatened but significant
population has been reported to winter and breed here. Sindh Warbler is a rare species
that have been reported from this area. The area was significant for migratory water
birds. In a survey in 1993, 40,000 birds were observed in this area.
Reptiles: About 50 marsh crocodiles were recorded in Makhi area in 1997. Python, a
vulnerable species is also known to occur in the area but its present status is unknown.
Varieties of snakes and lizards are found here.
Table 4.13 and Table 4.14 provide list of birds and reptiles found in the area
respectively. A Biological Map of ecologically sensitive area is provided in Exhibit 4.2
4.5.3 Horticulture
The main fruits of Sanghar are mangoes and bananas. Beside these fruits oranges,
chikku, melons and watermelon are also grown in Sanghar. Among vegetables turnips,
reddish, potatoes and tomatoes etc. are grown. A table showing area and production of
major fruits / vegetables in 1997-98 is in (Table 4.8).
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4.5.4 Live stock
The people of Sanghar nourish the animals (Table 4.9) for their personal necessities and
livelihood. Livestock also plays a vital role in economies and particularly lower class
and lower middle class as a main source of their income. Following are the various kinds
of animals found in the district (Exhibit 4.5: livestock of the area).
.
4.6 Communication
Sanghar has good communication network. Main roads in the project area are as
follows:
1. Sanghar Hyderabad via Tando Adam road
2. Sanghar Nawabshah road
3. Sanghar Mirpur Khas via Sindhri road.
4. Sanghar Shahdadpur via Jhol road
5. Sanghar Khipro via Tando Mitha Khan road
6. Sanghar Shahdadpur via Sinjhoro road
7. Tando Adam Kandyari via Berani road
8. Shahdadpur Sathari via Chowdagi road
9. Tando Adam Tando Allahyar road
10. Shahdadpur Tando Adam road
Main tracks of Pakistan Railway also connect Nawaz Dahari, Sarhari Lundo,
Shahdadpur, Jalal Muree and Tando Adam of this District. Another Railway loop line
(locally known as meterguage) originating from Nawabshah runs through the district via
Shahpur Chaker, Sinjhoro, Jhol Bobi, Nauabad and Patohayun station. Sanghar is not
connected by railway.
4.7 Trade & trade center
The cotton, wheat, pulses, oil seeds and other agricultural products are main item of
trade. Sanghar, Khairpur, Shahdadpur and Tando Adam cities of this area are good
trading centers. Shahdadpur is famous for agriculture production and Tando Adam is
famous for the trade of cotton. Fifty-eight cotton-ginning factories are running in this
district.
4.8 Archeological resources
Ruins of Kot Bijar: The ruins of Talpur fort are located in deh Kot Bijar taluka Sinjhoro
and can be reached by Shahdadpur Sanghar road via Shahu branch. The ruins are spread
over an area of 40 to 50 acres and contain grave yard and a mud fort covering more than
two acres.
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Kuba Mir Shahdad: It is situated a mile from Shahpur Chaker and consists of a grave-
yard covering an area of about four acres. There is a mosque and some large tombs made
of Jaipur and stones. The tomb of Mir Shahdad, the founder of Shahdadpur town is
located here and the grave-yard is also named after him. The tombs and mosque are about
200 year old and are at present in dilapidated condition.
Brahamanabad (Mansura): Brahamanabad (Mansura) is place of historical and
archaeological interest about 8 miles east of Shahdadpur in Sinjhoro taluka. It attracts a
large number of tourists. The ruins are about four miles in circumference. The whole
space is covered with mounds of broken and crumbled bricks, some of them fifteen feet
high. There are no stones, but occasional lumps of charred wood, which indicate the use
of timber in the buildings. The question of the identity of these ruins has been a matter of
controversy for a long time.
4.9 Occupation
The main occupation of people of this area is agriculture. Almost all members of a family
including women folk are involved in this profession. Children of these families work as
grazers. They graze buffaloes, camels, goats, cows and sheep in desert area. Women folk
are busy in making Rillies and local embroidery. Men work on making Sindhi Ajrak at
Hathungo in taluka Khipro and also in other parts of the area. Also the people are busy in
making Khurzins, Carpets, Woolen Khathas and Khes. Carpentary, masonry, cattle sale
and purchase, labour and government and private services are also the profession of the
people of this area. (Exhibit 4.6: Occupation)
4.10 Culture customs and traditions
Customs and traditions in this area are almost same as elsewhere in Sindh province.
Customs in marriage ceremony are of a great importance. In marriage ceremony Sindhes
used to sing ‘Sahras’ one week before marriage. Apply mehndi and atta to bride and to
bridegroom, beat drums during nights, keep the bride in seclusion and to entertain the
guests at the time of marriage and to conduct Nikah, are the customs of marriage
ceremony in this area.
In this area men and women do visit shrines and saints for fulfillment of their desires and
promises. Mella is a cultural custom of the people and is often held at the shrines of
following saints.
a) Beambria
b) Hameer Fakir
c) Girhore sharif
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d) Kando Fakir
e) Muhammad Shah
In these mellas various games and Sindhi wrestling (Malakhro) takes place.
4.11 Agriculture
Sanghar area is the major grower of cotton, wheat and sugarcane. The main crops during
Rabi are wheat and pulses. The main crops during Kharif are rice, cotton, sugarcane,
Jowar etc. (Exhibit 4.7: crops of area) A statement showing area and production of major
/ minor crops during 1997-98 is provided in Table 4.10.
4.12 Forestry
Nara canal runs side by side with the protective embankment of Chutiari Dam. The
vicinity area of Nara canal is also the same difficult job which has about 400-500m width
on both sides. During reconnaissance trip of the project area, scouting team thoroughly
routed through the entire Canal Bank sides and found that thickly grown kunder, Saroots,
cluster of thorny bushes and wild trees are predominantly present all along the Canals
Bank. The water depth of the Nara canal is more than 10 feet. The Nara canal has only
two access routes to approach the Chutiari portion in eastern side, one at Oadh Mori (RD
98) and second at Regulator place (Emanating place of Khipro Canal) i.e. RD 150. The
distance between these two accessing points is about 25 km. Width of the Main Nara
Canal is also varying from place to place with the range of 100-200.
4.13 Health
There are several hospitals and dispensaries, health centers and clinics in the project area.
The detail of medical units during 1997-98 is as in (Table 4.17)
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Table 4.1: List of villages of the project area
Sr.
No.
Village Sr.
No.
Village
1 Goth Qayum Khan 10 Chak no. 4
2 Ahmedabad 11 Chak no. 10
3 Shahpur chakar 12 Chak no. 2
4 Sanjrani 13 Chak no. 3
5 Shahpur chakar 14 Jakhroo
6 Goth Meqhu Mel 15 Khabari
7 Goth gulam
Muhammad
16 Barun
8 Khadro 17 Goth Nasir Khoso
9 Chak no. 6 19 Goth Ayub
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Table 4.2: Ground water sample processing facility project site
Location Project site
Sampling date 23-06-2011
Test method Parameter Camp area
S2 S3 Outside the camp
area
NEQ
Physical and Chemical
D-1293 pH @ 25 C 7.85 7.72 7.45 6-9
Manual Temperature* OC 29 25 -
HACH-8237
Turbidity NTU 02 38 Zero < 5 NTU
Odor Odorless Odorless Odorless Acceptable
APHA-209B
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/l
185 650 680 3500.00
D-1126 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 106 220 325 < 500 mg/l
HACH-8039
Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 0.20 9.00 2.70 <50
D-1426 Ammonia mg/l Nil 1.00 0.70 40
D-2972 Arsenic mg/l Nil Nil Nil < 0.05 (P)
D-512 Chlorides as Cl- mg/l 18 157 56 1.0
APHA-413D
Fluoride as F- mg/l 0.10 0.14 0.12 <1.5
D-516 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 35 116 284 600
By AA Iron as Fe3+
mg/l 0.02 - - 8.0
By AA Zinc as Zn2+
mg/l Nil 0.02 0.02 5.0
APHA Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/l 4.70 4.90 6.10 -
APHA-507
BOD5 mg/l
3.62 7.60 4.52 80
D-1252 COD mg/l 12 24.6 14 150
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Table 4.3: Microbial parameters
Test
method
Parameter Result
S1
Result
S2
Result
S3
Permissible
limit
In house Total Colony
Count cfu/ml
Nil 68 89 < 500 /ml-
In house Total Coliform
cfu/ml
Nil Nil Nil Absent /100ml
In house Faecal
Streptococi
cfu/ml
Nil Nil Nil Absent /100ml
In house E-Coli cfu/ml Nil Nil Nil Absent /100ml
Table 4.4: Soil sample for SP-1 camp area
Location Sinjhoro processing facility project site
Sample
date
27-06-2011
Test
method
Parameter
Unit
Camp
area
D-1125 Conductivity (us/em) 11920
D-1293 pH@ 25 C of 6% solution 7.05
HACH-
8039
Nitrate (NO3), Wt. % 1.31
APHA-
424D
Phosporus (P), Wt. % 0.04
By AA Potasium (K), Wt. % 0.30
By AA Calcium (Ca), Wt. % 2.92
By AA Magnesium (Mg), Wt. % 1.27
By AA Soduim (Na), Wt. % 0.03
In house Organic Matter, Wt. % 11.22
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Table 4.5: Ambient Air Sampling for processing facility project area
Location Project site
Sampling date 23-06-2011
Test method Parameters Project Site
By Analyzer Particulate matter (PM 10)ug/Nm3 85
ISO-4221 Sulphur dioxide (SO2) ug/Nm3 52
ISO-6768 Oxides of Nitrogen(NOx) ug/Nm3 38
By Analyzer Carbon Monoxide , ppm Nil
By Analyzer Carbon dioxide ,ppm 229
Table 4.6: Noise
Location Project Site
Sampling date 23-06-2011
By Analyzer Noise, dB(A) 71.2
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Table 4.7: Month Wise 30 Years Mean Maximum / Minimum Temperature, Precipitation and
Humidity
Sinjhoro Station Nawabshah
Mean Temperature (C) Precipitation Relative
Month Maximum Minimum (Millimeters) Humidity (%)
January 24.31 5.92 1.64 59.98
February 27.06 8.72 1.88 56.00
March 33.29 14.22 3.14 50.62
April 39.25 19.71 3.05 44.66
May 43.53 24.59 1.33 42.63
June 43.23 27.67 8.35 51.81
July 40.37 27.60 51.80 26.10
August 38.60 26.33 45.41 66.06
September 38.14 23.77 10.42 62.38
October 37.14 18.18 2.87 55.16
November 31.56 12.23 1.49 59.48
December 25.53 7.39 2.73 62.47
Annual 35.19 18.00 137.79 56.03
Source: Data Processing Center, Pakistan Meteorological Department, Karachi
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Table 4.8: Area and Production of fruits and vegetables 1997-98
Fruit
/vegetable
Area
(hecters)
Production
(metric tones)
Yield per hectare
(kilogram)
Lemon 181 523 2890
Mango 6492 47721 7351
Banana 1202 4490 3735
Lady finger 612 2999 4900
Cabbage 229 2650 11572
Tinda 148 1081 7304
Karella 29 140 4828
Tomato 81 490 6049
Chilies 4772 7101 1488
Moong
(Pulses)
2386 1034 433
Masoor
(Pulses)
1171 599 512
Sources: Agriculture Extension, Hyderabad, Govt. of Sindh. Deputy Commissioner
Sanghar
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Table 4.9: Livestock population in Sinjhoro Block 1997-98
Livestock
Numbers
Cattle 353305
Buffalo 253252
Sheep 197312
Goat 702928
Camel 8017
Horse 3772
Mule 609
Ass 30746
Domestic poultry 588
Sources: Livestock Census 1996, Agricultural Census Organization
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Table 4.10: Area and Production of Crops 1997-98
Crops Area
(Hecters)
Production
(Metric tones)
Yield per hectare
(Kilogram )
Cotton 124308 524935 4223
Rice 3826 7733 2021
Sugarcane 10819 63718 62272
Jowar 1329 762 573
Bajara 6892 3883 563
Maiz 1732 959 554
Ground nut 2392 4709 1969
Wheat 143629 49243 2432
Rape and
mustard
11446 8673 758
Onion 3928 50503 12857
Source: Agriculture Extension, Hyderabad, Govt. of Sindh Deputy
Commissioner, Sanghar
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Table 4.11: Phytosociological Parameters of dominant species at Chotiari reservoir
Serial
#
Species
No. R.F.
% R.F.
% R.D % I.V. SDR
1. Calotropis procera 1 0.19 1.72 25.00 26.91 8.97
2. Senna italica 9 4.61 12.07 25.00 41.68 13.89
3. Fagonia indica 625 95.20 86.21 50.00 231.41 77.14
4. Octhochloa compressa 7 12.95 6.98 8.33 28.26 9.42
5. Calotropis procera 1 0.51 2.33 8.33 11.17 3.72
6. Limeum indicum 1 1.28 2.33 8.33 11.94 3.98
7. Pluchea lanceolata 31 58.08 58.14 8.33 124.55 41.52
8. Octhochloa compressa 18 5.56 6.40 4.17 16.12 5.37
9. Corchorus tridens 17 3.12 5.81 3.79 12.72 4.24
10. Cyprus rotundus 1 0.18 0.58 0.38 1.14 0.38
11. Dactyloctenium aegyptium 84 16.10 23.26 56.06 95.42 31.81
12. Desmostachya bipinnata 68 31.47 24.42 15.91 71.80 23.93
13. Eragrostis barrelieri 10 1.44 5.23 5.68 12.35 4.12
14. Eragrostis minor 7 1.62 2.33 0.76 4.70 1.57
15. Euphrbia clarkeana 1 0.18 0.58 0.38 1.14 0.38
16. Acacia nilotica 5 17.30 13.89 21.28 52.47 17.49
17. Achyranthes aspera 1 0.30 2.78 4.26 7.33 2.44
18. Aerva javanica 5 1.70 13.89 2.13 17.71 5.90
19. Alhagi maurorum 6 3.76 11.11 21.28 36.15 12.05
20. Cordia myxa 1 5.04 2.78 2.13 9.95 3.32
21. Datura alba 1 0.92 2.78 2.13 5.82 1.94
22. Cleome scaposa 2 1.62 2.35 1.08 5.05 1.68
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23. Indigofera argentea 137 66.01 51.16 77.78 194.95 64.98
24. Indigofera cordifolia 2 0.83 2.33 1.06 4.22 1.41
25. Tribulus 9 2.11 7.50 3.08 12.69 4.23
26. Tribulus longipetalus 2 0.49 1.67 0.68 2.84 0.95
27. Tribulus terrestris 13 2.84 3.33 1.37 7.54 2.51
28. Zaleya pentandra 2 6.69 2.12 1.00 9.80 3.27
29. Salvadora oleoides 1 3.49 0.94 0.26 4.70 1.57
30. Cenchrus biflorus 1 0.05 0.94 0.26 1.25 0.42
31. Acacia jacquemontii 1 6.41 0.99 0.65 8.05 2.68
32. Aristida adscensionis 1 0.23 0.99 0.65 1.87 0.62
33. Aristida funiculate 1 0.57 0.99 0.65 2.22 0.74
34. Heliotropium crispum 1 2.06 0.99 0.65 3.70 1.23
35. Tephrosia strigosa 1 0.11 0.99 0.65 1.76 0.59
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Table 4.12: Status of some medium-sized and large mammals of Chotiari Wetlands Complex,
Sanghar, Sindh
Scientific name Common
name
Status* Number
Observed
Order Carnivora
Family Canidae
Canis lupus Indian wolf EN NIL
Canis aureus Asiatic jackal NT 94
Vulpes vulpes
pusilla
Red fox NT 10
Vulpes
bengalensis
Bengal fox NT 07
Family
Mustelidae
Lutrogale
perspicillata
Smooth-coated
otter
NT (7-8 groups
each group
consisting of 8-
12 individuals)
Family
Viverridae
Viverricula
indica
Indain civet NT 02
Family
Herpestidae
Herpestes
javanicus
Small Indian
mongoose
LC 44
Herpestes
edwardsi
Indian grey
mongoose
LC 17
Family
Hyaenidae
Hyaena hyaena Striped hyaena CR NIL
Family Felidae Felis silvestris Indian desert
cat
DD 02
Felis chaus Jungle cat LC 73
Felis caracal Caracal CR NIL
Prionailurus
viverrinus
Fishing cat NT 01
Order
Artiodactyla
Sus scrofa Indian wild
boar
LC 10
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Family Suidae
Family Cervidae Axis porcinus Hog deer VU NIL
Family Bovidae Gazella bennettii Chinkara VU 04**
* Sheikh and Molur (2005), ** Introduced
CR=Critically Endangered; EN=Endangered; VU=Vulnerable; NT= Near Threatened; LC=
Least Concern; DD=Data Deficient
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Table 4.13: Avifauna of Chotiari Reservoir, Sanghar, Sindh during 2006-2009
Order / Sub-order /
Family
Scientific
name
Common
name
Occurrence
Status²
1.Podicepidiformes I. Podicepedidae*
1. Tachybaptus
ruficollis
Little grebe R C
2. Pelecaniformes I. Phalacrocoracidae* II. Pelecanidae*
2. Phalacrocora
x carbo
Great
cormorant
WV A
3. Phalacrocorax niger
Little cormorant
R A
4. Pelecanus
onocrotalus×
Great white
pelican
WV C
3. Pteroclidiformes
1. Pteroclididae
5. Pterocles
exustus
Chestnut-
bellied
sandgrouse
R C
4. Psittaciformes 1. Psittacidae
6. Psittacula
krameri
Rose-ringed
Parakeet
R A
5.Cuculiformes I. Cuculidae
7. Clamator
jacobinus
Pied-crested
cuckoo
SV C
8. Eudynamys scolopacea
Asian koel
R C
9. Centropus
sinensis
Greater
coucal
R C
6. Caprimulgiformes 1.Caprimulgidae
10. Caprimulgus mahrattensis
Syke’s night jar
R C
7.Apodiformes I. Apodidae
11. Apus apus× Eastern
swift
R C
12 Apus affinis× House swift
R C
8. Rhipiduridae
13. Rhipidura aureola×
White-browed fantail
R C
9.Nectarinidae 14. Nectarinia asiatica
Purple sunbird
R A
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10.Dicruridae
15. Dicrurus
macrocercus
Black drongo
R A
11.Ploceidae 16. Ploceus
manyar×
Streaked
weaver)
R C
12. Estrildidae
17. Lonchura
malabarica×
White-
throated
munia
R C
*water birds ×not listed in WWF (2008) Status² as per Roberts (1991) and Roberts (1992)
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Table 4.14: Reptilian fauna of Chotiari Reservoir, Sanghar, Sindh during 2006-2009
Order / Sub-order / Family
Scientific
name
Common
name
Status
1. Testudines
I. Emydidae
1. Kachuga
smithii
Brown river
turtle
NT
2. Kachuga
tecta
Saw back
turtle
LC
II.
Trionychidae
3. Lissemys
punctata (
Indian
flapshell
LR
2. Crocodilia
I. Crocodylidae
4. Crocodylus
palustris (
Indian
marsh
crocodile
VU
3. Squamata
A. Sauria
I. Agamidae
5. Calotes
versicolor (
Common
tree lizard
NE
6. Trapelus
agilis
Common
field agama
NE
7. Trapelus
megalonyx
Ocellate
ground
agama
NE
II. Eublepharidae
III. Geckonidae
8. Eublepharis
macularius
Fat-tail
gecko
NE
9. Crossobamon
orientalis
Yellow
tailed sand
gecko
NE
10. Cyrtopodion
kachhense×
Kachh
spotted
ground-
gecko
NE
11. Cyrtopodion
scabrum
Common
tuberculate
ground
NE
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gecko
12. Hemidactylus
brookii×
Spotted barn
gecko)
NE
13 Hemidactylus
flaviviridis
Yellow-
bellied
house gecko
NE
×not listed in WWF (2008)
Status as per IUCN redlist.org
Table 4.15: Amphibian fauna of Chotiari Reservoir, Sanghar, Sindh during 2006-2009
Order/family Scientific name Common name Status
1. Anura
I. Bufonidae
1. Bufo stomaticus Indus valley toad NE
II. Ranidae
2. Euphlyctis
cyanophlyctis
Skittering frog NE
3. Hoplobatrachus
tigerinus
Bull frog NE
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Table 4.16: Area and Production of Crops 1997-98
crops Area
(Hecters)
Production
(Metric tones)
Yield per hectare
(Kilogram )
Cotton 124308 524935 4223
Rice 3826 7733 2021
Sugarcane 10819 63718 62272
Jowar 1329 762 573
Bajara 6892 3883 563
Maiz 1732 959 554
Ground nut 2392 4709 1969
Wheat 143629 49243 2432
Rape and
mustard
11446 8673 758
Onion 3928 50503 12857
Source: Agriculture Extension, Hyderabad, Govt. of Sindh Deputy
Commissioner, Sanghar
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Table 4.17: Type of Health Institutions by Their Numbers
Medical Units Numbers
Civil Hospital 01
Taluka H.Q. Hospital 05
Basic Health Unit 52
Rural Health Center 07
Govt. Dispensary
10
Maternity Homes
03
Experimental Dispensary
13
District Council Dispensary
64
Source: Deputy Commissioner, Sanghar
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Exhibit 4.1 : Satellite Image of Chotiari Wetland Complex showing water resources
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Exhibit 4.2: Biological Map of ecologically sensitive area
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Exhibit 4.3: Water Resources Catchments Map
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Exhibit 4.4: Vegetation of the area
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Exhibit 4.5: Livestock of the area
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Exhibit 4.6: Occupation
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Exhibit 4.7: Crops
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Exhibit 4.8: Water bodies of the area
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5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION
Stakeholder consultation is a means of involving all primary and secondary stakeholders
in the project’s decision-making process in order to address their concerns, improve
project design, and give the project legitimacy. Stakeholder consultation, if conducted in a
participatory and objective manner, is a means of enhancing project sustainability.
Community input (both of knowledge and values) on socioeconomic and environmental
issues can greatly enhance the quality of decision-making. Stakeholder consultation was
therefore conducted in the project area not only to satisfy the legal requirements of the
EIA process in Pakistan but also to improve and enhance the social and environmental
design of the project.
5.1 Objectives of Stakeholders Consultation
The process of public participation and consultation was endorsed in the United Nations
Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992 through one of the
key documents of the conference⎯Agenda 21 (section 2). Agenda 21 is a comprehensive
strategy for global action on sustainable development and deals with issues regarding
human interaction with the environment. It emphasizes the role of public participation in
environmental decision-making for the achievement of sustainable development. Through
the public consultation process, OGDCL hopes to:
• Promote better understanding of the project, its objective, and its likely impact
• Identify and address concerns of all interested and affected parties of project area
• Provide a means to identify and resolve issues before plans are finalized and
• development commences, thus avoiding public anger and resentment and potentially
costly delays
• Encourage transparency and inculcate trust among various stakeholders to promote
cooperation and partnership with the communities and local leadership
5.2 Identification of Stakeholders
Stakeholders are people, groups, NGOs, CBOs, or institutions that may be affected by,
can significantly influence, or are important to the achievement of the stated purpose of a
proposed intervention. The Primary and secondary stakeholders were identified based on
standard following approach:
Primary Stakeholders: People, groups or institutions affected positively (beneficiaries)
or negatively by the project.
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Secondary Stakeholders: People, groups, or institutions that are important intermediaries
in the project delivery process (e.g., the government line agencies, or NGOs).
A field survey for the identification of and consultation with the stakeholders was
conducted in the month of June 2011 in the surroundings of the project area. Secondary
stakeholders included national as well as international NGOs, government
representatives, and other organizations concerned with the project. The consultation and
involvement process was determined based on the stakeholders identified.
5.3 Consultation Process
Primary stakeholders were consulted during informal and formal meetings held in the
project area. The consultation process was carried out in the Sindhi and Urdu languages.
During these meetings a simple, non-technical, description of the project was given, with
an overview of the project’s likely human and environmental impact. This was followed
by an open discussion allowing participants to voice their concerns and opinions. In
addition to providing communities with information on the proposed project, their
feedback was documented during the primary stakeholder consultation. The issues and
suggestions raised were recorded (Table 5.3).
Secondary stakeholder consultations were more formal as they involved government
representatives and local welfare organizations, NGO’s consulted during face-to-face
meetings and through telephonic conversations. They were briefed on the EIA process, the
project design, and the potential negative and positive impact of the project on the area’s
environment and communities (Table 5.1).
It was important not to raise community expectations unnecessarily or unrealistically
during the stakeholder consultation meetings in order to avoid undue conflict with tribal
leaders or local administrators. The issues recorded in the consultation process were
examined, validated, and addressed in the EIA report (Table 5.3).
5.4 Stakeholder Consultation Technique
In recognition of the diversity of views within any community, it is very important to
obtain a clear understanding of the different stakeholders and to analyze their capacity and
willingness to be involved in some or all of the project and its planning process. It is
important to be aware of how different power relations can distort participation. It is also
important to examine how community skills, resources, and ‘local knowledge’ can be
applied to improve project design and implementation. All of this can be achieved by
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careful use of the various tools of Stakeholder Consultation. Therefore, the following
participatory techniques were employed during stakeholder consultations:
• Informal meetings with communities in villages. Men and village elders attended
these meeting
• Focus Groups with women participants in villages
5.5 Stakeholders Consulted
In the consultation process for EIA, following key stakeholders were consulted:
• Local communities, Men, women and village elders attended meetings.
• WWF , Fisher Folk Forum, Wildlife and Irrigation Departments
• Local Government representatives
Meetings with stakeholders consisted of community consultation meetings, focus group
discussions, and in-depth interviews with men and limited focus-group discussions with
women. The location of the meetings, the process followed, and the outcomes are
discussed in this section. Given that the project area has a dam nearby, the Sindh Wildlife
Department and Irrigation Department were also consulted. The list of the villages where
public consultation was carried out and concerns raised by community is given in (Table
5.3) while the photographs of consultations are included at the end of this section.
5.6 Stakeholder Concerns and Recommendations
The findings of the Community consultations are given in Table 5.3. All these have been
addressed in various sections of the EIA, and the mitigation plans have been incorporated
into the EMP. The summary of the various stakeholder consultations is given below.
5.6.1 Community Concerns
Project Approval
The community consultations demonstrated that goodwill towards the project proponents
indeed exists; approval for project activities by the communities was evident. The
consultations were considered a good gesture and appreciated, especially by the men and
women. The poverty level is such that communities are looking to any project proponent t
improve their financial well-being to a great extent. OGDCL recognizes that benefits from
the project should be distributed judiciously and equitably especially among primary
stakeholders in the project area, and will continue to ensure that this principle is followed
in its projects and community development program.
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Resettlement/ Relocation
The proposed site of the Plant 102 acres of the land is taken on lease. The land is currently
The size of the community is between 40 to 60 households. It is the desire of the members
of the community that all resettlement issues shall be resolved prior to the commencement
of the proposed project. The OGDCL management is working with the community to
relocate and compensate the affected population according to the IFC guidelines.
Local Employment
Communities in the project area emphasized that local villagers should be given priority
when employing people for various project-related works and activities according to their
skills.
Compensation
Compensation shall be paid trees and any damage to the crop. The compensation process
shall be transparent.
Interaction with Local Community
Non-Local work force coming in the project area that will not be aware of the local
customs and norms, may result in conflicts with the local community, keeping in mind
the sensitive law and order situation and culture of the area.
Impact on Livelihood
The communities also expressed some fear that vehicles would disturb their cattle and
that their livestock might get hurt or run away or die accidental death due to vehicular
movement (Table 5.2 & Exhibit 5.2).
5.6.2 Environment related departments consulted
Representatives of the Sind Wildlife Department and WWF expressed the need for well
qualified area specialists to conduct the environmental impact studies. The Sind Wildlife,
Fisher Folk Forum and representative of WWF at the office of the Wildlife department
raised concerns over the possible impacts on the dam nearby as they said that the oil based
effluents which would be released from the plant and the resulting increase due to the
proposed plant may cause more harm to the nearby biodiversity.
5.6.3 Local Government Representatives
The consultations were considered a good gesture and appreciated. They also expressed
the jobs and business opportunities for the local community will be increased due to
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project activities. They also expressed the concern that most of the unskilled and skill jobs
should be reserved for the local communities (Table 5.1).
5.7 No Project Option
The total area of the Sanghar district is 10,728 square kilometers. According to 1998
Census, the population of Sanghar district presently comprises six talukas is 1453.03
thousands .Overall the population of the district has increased more than four and half
times during the last 47 years i-e 1951 to 1998 where high urban growth has lead to the
increase in demand of gas. The condition of present gas production is very poor and
residential areas are facing acute gas shortage especially in winters.
This project can be the gateway towards economic development and prosperity in the
area. The most important point is that the land is already in the hands of the Proponents
and is a degraded piece of land with not significant agricultural practices in the area
which is a positive sign for sustainability of the environment and has no sensitivity in
terms of Biodiversity concerns. No heavy land clearing work would be involved for
construction phase. There is no ecologically sensitive, archaeological, cultural and / or
religious place which might be harmed. The groundwater has good characteristics so as to
be utilized. Besides, Nara canal is also near for water purpose and disposal options. The
produced gas will be easily be transported to a nearby SSGPL gas pipeline.
If we think about no project scenario from socioeconomic perspectives then it would lead
to improper use of the existing resources available locally. Additionally, potential for
employment would be retained because all categories of the labor required for the project
operation are available locally, conveniently, plentifully and at affordable cost. Under
such circumstances, gas production Plant is the need of time and “No Project Option”
does not remain a suitable alternative here.
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Table 5.1 : key stakeholders consulted
No. Stakeholder name Organization Designation/status
Government Representatives
1. Mr. Waqar Hussain Phulpoto EPA Complex – Karachi
Director (Techincal)
2. Mr. Mujeeb-ur-rehman EPA Hyderabad
Deputy director
3. Mr. Imran Abbasi
EPA Hyderabad
Assistant director
4. Mr. Ajmal khan
EPA Hyderabad
Assistant director
5. Mr. Saleem
EPA Hyderabad
Inspector
6. Mr. Zahid Ahmed
EPA Hyderabad
Inspector
7. Mr. Noor Ahmed
EPA Hyderabad
Field officer
8. Mr. Ali Nawaz
EPA Hyderabad
Field assistant
NGO
9. Hina Urooj Mehran Women
Organization Social worker
10. Asima Pareen
Mehran Women
Organization Social worker
11. Salma Quaishi Woman skill development
society Social worker
12. Ruqia Woman skill development
society Social worker
13. Ali Hyder Shar Sindh Rural Development
organization President
Local community 14. Pyar ali panhwar fram
Villager Social worker
15. Abdul Rehman Kasklali
Asha develp Social worker
16. Ghulam Hussain Lagari Chutiari conversation
farm Villager
17. Nagina
Villager Mid wifery
18. Adnan Aftab Petroleum Engineering Student
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Table 5.2: Public near project area
Serial no. Names Occupation /status
1. Nazim Hussain , Rafaqat Ali, Nawaz Ali, Nazir Hussain
Villagers
2. Afzal, Hassan , Nisar Hussain , Yasir, Bilal Brohi
Kisan
3. Raja Amir Govt servant
4. Imran Chownkidar
5. Zulfiqar , Masood Meman Former
6. Saggan, Sathram, Sanjeet Mazdoor
7. Mehfooz Kishaw dirver
Table 5.3: Consolidated Matrix of Concerns Raised by the Communities during Stakeholder Consultations
Serial
no.
Issues Concern
Raised by
the
Community
Villages the Issue
was Particularly
Raised
Communities’
Remarks
1. interaction/ Conflict with Local Community
Non-Locals unaware of the local customs may lead to conflicts
1- Kandero Wassan 2- Dewan goth 3- Faqeer jo goth 4- Chak no. 22 5- Chak no. 07 6- Chak no. 13 7- Shafi abad
No project activity at times when women must leave their homes for chores
2. Employment Provision of semi skilled and unskilled jobs for the local labor
1- Dilbar Nizamani 2- Anwar Marree 3- Bindi Wassan
Maximum unskilled jobs should be allocated to he locals. Training program should be initiated to train locals who should then be employed for the project
3. Livelihood Restriction of livestock grazing and accidental killings of livestock
1- Baroon 2- Bakhoro 3- Routiani 8- Hussain bux chaag 9- Ali mohammad
mahar
Grazing and vegetation areas should be protected and speed of vehicles should be limited to avoid accidents
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Exhibit 5.1: Stakeholder consultation
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Exhibit 5.2: Public Consultations
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6. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION
MEASURES
6.1 Introduction
This EIA study was carried out to review the available information on Sinjhoro project.
The consultant team visited the area and collected information from the local people. This
section discusses the project’s potential environmental impact on the area’s
geomorphology, soil, water resources, air, biological resources and socioeconomic
condition and, where applicable, identifies mitigation measures that will reduce, if not
eliminate, its adverse impact. The assessment carried out in this section is based on
potential impacts on overall environmental receptors within the project area. A detailed
environmental management plan (EMP) is given in next section.
Discussion with the local villagers, suggest that so far the OGDCL’s activities at Sinjhoro
project area will not create any significant negative impact on air, water, sub soil,
agriculture, livestock, wildlife and human beings. The farmers of the selected villages
were quite aware of the project activities. They think that beside this, a large number of
local people will get employment, which will bring economic prosperity for them and for
their families, after the development of the project area.
However some of the link roads connecting the project area are un-metal, therefore any
movement on foot or vehicle will cause lot of dust which is injurious for the health of
human beings, live stock, plant, crops and wildlife. There will be a need of permanent
link roads connecting the project area to avoid any mishap.
Impacts associated with Construction activities The environmental and socioeconomic impacts associated with the construction activities
of the plant are discussed in this section. The impacts that are discussed are the following:
• Environmental Impacts
• Construction Noise
• Dust Emission During Construction
• Land Use
• Water Sourcing
• Vehicle and Equipment Exhaust
• Soil Contamination
• Drainage and Storm Water Run-off
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• Camp Effluent
• Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Waste Management
• Disturbance to Wildlife
• Socioeconomic Impact
• Community Safety
• Traffic Disturbance
• Local Employment Conflicts
• Archeological Resources
• Project and Community Interface
Impacts Associated with Operation phase
The environmental and socioeconomic impacts associated with the operation phase of
the expanded power plant are discussed in this section. The impacts that are discussed
are the following:
• Environmental Impacts
• Air Emissions
• Plant Noise
• Wastewater
• Green House Gas Emissions
• Water Resources
• Hazardous Material and Waste Handling
• Waste Management
• Natural Hazard Impacts
• Flooding
• Occupational Health and Safety
The physical setting and layout design of the Sinjhro Gas Field Development Project is the
latest international and state-of-the art recommended by the OGDCL, and is not likely to
cause any major in-house functional conflicts with respect to production of gas,
dehydration and H2S removal plant, gas gathering system and allied facilities,
occupational health and safety and other issues.
The presence of H2S and SO2 in the Sinjhoro gas is important. It is pointed out that the
contractor is providing a complete incinerator package to control the concentration of H2S
in the waste gases from H2S Removal Plant that will meet the World Bank environmental
guidelines and that the Sinjhoro surface facilities system has been designed with a view
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that the concentration of the pollutants from plant emissions and effluents will not exceed
the limits of NEQS.
The Sinjhoro Gas Field Development Project upon its operation will have a number of
effluents; H2S Removal Plant will have effluent of produced water, Dehydration plant will
have oily water, and Gas Gathering System will have produced water. An Effluent
Treatment Plant (ETP), designed by contractor has been proposed to be established to treat
wastewater produced in the Sinjhoro Gas Field Development Project. The Effluent
Treatment Plant design has been based on the criteria that the treated discharged meets the
quality requirements of NEQS set under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act
(PEPA) 1997.
Produced water will be disposed of by injection into evaporation pond, while drain water
will be disposed of in an evaporation pit, some 1.0 km away from the plant area.
Due to the installation of the Effluent Treatment Plant, the impacts to water and land
resources are minimal, subject to its efficient operation. There are no visible signs of any
adverse impacts on the soils due to the drilling operations. However, during the operation
of Sinjhoro Gas Field Development Project, improper drainage and effluent exceeding
permissible limits may cause some undesirable effects on the quality of soil for
agricultural activity.
6.2 Impacts on Physical Environment
6.2.1 Geomorphology and Soils
a) Potential Impacts during construction phase
Spills of chemicals and fuel during handling, transportation and storage may result in
contamination of soil at a construction site. A significant impact on soil will be interpreted
if visible amount of chemical or hydrocarbon is observed in soil.
During a typical construction project spill of fuel, lubricants, and chemicals can take
place. The spill may take place:
• During transfer from one container to another or during refueling
• During maintenance of equipment and vehicles
• Due to leakages from equipment and containers, and
• As a result of traffic accidents
As a result contamination of soil will occur, significance will depend on the nature of
material, location of spill and quantity of spill
The likely impacts of these activities may include:
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• Physical scarring of the landscape
• Increased risk of land slippage
• Erosion from road sides, well pads and sloped surface as wells as soil and slit from
the cleared area, results in increased sediment load in surface run off. This results in
sedimentation both upland and flood plain area
• Alteration of soil quality by loss of top soil
• Blockage of natural drainage
• Soil contamination by accidental spillage or leakage from project vehicles and
machinery or during regular course of work at the campsite
Assessment of impacts
Clearing and leveling may increase the risk of land slippage and soil erosion. The loss of
top soil is only likely to take place along the access tracks, if needed, and at 1 or 2
locations, such as the landfill site, within the camp. However, in view of the limited area
covered by the access tracks and campsites, this impact is expected to be insignificant.
The natural drainage might be affected by project activities, such as clearing, leveling and
construction works. The dry, hill-torrent dependent, channels passing through most of
the area might be damaged thus, changing the drainage patterns of the area. This would
not only alter the geomorphology but also has the potential to affect people dependent on
existing drainage patterns.
The spillage and leakage of fuels, oils and other chemicals may lead to soil
contamination. Possible contaminant sources include fuel, oil and chemical storage areas
at campsites, and vehicles and machinery used in the field.
Construction of the access road and well site preparation will result in the compaction of
around agricultural land. The project may also result in soil contamination from the
spillage of fuels, oils and chemicals during storage and handling, flow of oil and grease
contaminated rig wash to surrounding areas, and seepage of contaminants from waste
pits.
The area's natural drainage might also be affected by project activities, since there are
major gullies or drainage channels passing through the area such as Chutiari dam.
There are no visible signs of any adverse impacts on the soils due to the current OGDCL
operations at Sinjhoro, except from waste water pit. The impact from the wastewater pit
if not properly treated would be moderate that can be mitigated with the proper treatment
of wastewater.
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Improper drainage and effluent exceeding permissible limits may cause some undesirable
effects on the quality of soil for agricultural activity. Therefore, there is a need to provide
proper drainage to waste water. The soil ranging from removal of surface layers along
access trials and in the working areas for excavation and also discharges of wastes in the
adjacent area.
Mitigation Measures
The Sinjhoro gas production field includes new access roads. The following mitigation
measures will be incorporated to prevent the contamination of soil:
• During site clearance and construction the workers should closely be supervised to
avoid cutting of tress .areas requiring deforestation should be clearly delineated prior
to any clearance, large trees requiring incorporating.
• Any new development or improvement of existing access tracks will generally also
try to avoid dense vegetation and sand dunes.
• Whenever practicable trees should be filled down by chain saw rather than uprooted
so as to retain the rooting system.
• Minimizing vegetation loss can reduce the risk of land slippage and soil erosion,
given that vegetation prevents slippage and erosion.
• OGDCL will try to avoid damage to the water channels, by say breaking its
embankments, and will repair any damage that is caused. Conforming to the
safeguards given in the environmental management plan (EMP) will ensure that the
overall impact of the proposed project on the area’s geomorphology and soil remains
insignificant.
• Construction activity will result in removal of cash crops whereas the lying of
pipeline will also affect vegetation. After construction of the proposed gas production
facility thick plantation is recommended to cover the deficiency in cutting of
trees/vegetation.
• Fuels, lubricants, and chemicals will be stored in covered bunded areas, underlain
with impervious lining.
• Maintenance of vehicles and equipment will only be carried out at designated areas.
• The area will be provided with hard surface or tarpaulin will be spread on the ground
to prevent contamination of soil.
• Spill prevention/drip trays will be provided at refueling locations.
• Vehicles will only be washed at designated areas.
• Regular inspections will be carried out to detect leakages in construction vehicles and
equipment.
• Appropriate arrangements, including shovels, plastic bags and absorbent materials,
will be available near fuel and oil storage areas.
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• Contaminated soil will be removed and properly disposed after treatment such as
bioremediation or incineration.
Residual Impacts
Implementation of the proposed mitigation measures is not likely to leave any long-term residual impact.
6.2.2 Water Resources
The quality of surface and groundwater supplies may deteriorate if pollutants mixes with
surface runoff during rain are carried to water resources in the vicinity, or if pollutants
leach into the ground. Potential sources of pollution in such cases may include:
• Domestic waste (sanitary and kitchen discharge)
• Oil and grease from vehicles and machinery
• Sediments from altered land surfaces (campsites and new access tracks)
• Stored Fuel, oil and other chemicals
The storage and handling of fuels and lubricants may also contaminate surface and
groundwater resources, if there are spillages that wash into surrounding areas or seep
into the ground. Potential sources of pollution in case of exploratory drilling may
include:
� Domestic waste (sanitary and kitchen discharge)
� Spent drilling mud and drill cuttings
� Oil and grease from rig wash and rig pad
� Sediments from altered land surface (rig site and road)
� Drilling chemicals
� Fuel
Run-off after a storm from the site may contain oil and silt that may pollute the surrounding land. Earthworks may also alter the drainage pattern and affect the storm water flow.
A significant impact will be interpreted if oil and grease is present in the run-off and result in soil contamination. Or disturbance to local drainage patter causing inundation of land upstream or downstream.
The main source of drinking water is ground water, however a number of springs also
exist in the area and the people get water from them.
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After analysis of the sample, it was observed that conductivity and chloride are on higher
side and traces of nitrite were also observed. This is seepage water and as such real water
aquifer has been not been touched. The water table decreases during summer and some
times they get muddy water.
The overall water in the region is saline and full of salts. Due to higher concentration of
chloride, the taste of water also has been changed. Although, the water is not fit for
drinking but nevertheless, the communities need water in huge quantities to meet their
drinking and other needs.
Assessment of Impacts
All wastewater from the kitchens, showers and laundry will be directed into a soak pit.
Gray water from the pit will be pumped out periodically and sprayed along the access
road, to reduce dust generation. Gray water from the pit will only pollute the area's surface
water resources if the pit is allowed to fill up, and rain causes it to overflow into
surrounding areas. Periodic emptying of the pit will ensure that this does not happen. Also,
the pits will be designed so that water from surrounding areas does not flow into them.
Sewage from the camp will go into a concrete septic tank, which will be emptied
whenever necessary. The concrete lining will prevent sewage from polluting groundwater.
All pits should be larger than the required capacity, to prevent them from overflowing.
The pits will have dykes around them to prevent runoff from entering them. All pits will
be lined with impervious pit liner to prevent contaminants from seeping into groundwater.
Some sediment from the work areas will wash into surrounding fields and watercourses.
The quantity is not expected to be significant during the operation period, since all work
areas will be covered with gravel and compacted. A significant amount of sediment may
get washed into fields and watercourses if it rains during the construction period; however
the impact is not expected to be significant, since water in canals and watercourses is
already muddy.
The storage and handling of fuels and lubricants may also contaminate surface and
groundwater resources, if there are spillages that wash into surrounding areas or seep into
the ground.
Mitigation Measures
At present there are no such existing activities by OGDCL to have impact on the
surface/ground water. It is suggested that OGDCL should safely dispose these wastewater
pits including soils. However in future, when it is required to construct such types of pits,
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then they must be properly designed with proper lining at the bottom to prevent seepage of
toxic effluent and to avoid contamination of ground water
It is recommended that proper lining of the waste water pit should be carried out in order
to reduce the seepage to soil/ground water.
• It will be ensured that the project’s water consumption does not reduce the water supply
available to other users. This will be done by assessing existing supply and demand,
for water, conditions in the area.
• Sewage discharge from the camp will go into a concrete lined septic tank.
• Only that water, meeting the national environmental quality standards (NEQS), will
pass from the septic tank into a sump for absorption into the ground. The lining of the
septic tank will prevent untreated sewage from polluting groundwater.
On sewage disposal, the guidelines simply state that, “handle sewage so that surface and
groundwater are not contaminated.” Following the environmental guidelines given in the
EMP the project area’s water resources will not be contaminated.
The mitigation measures described below will ensure that the project area's surface and
groundwater resources are not significantly affected by project activities;
1. All septic tanks will be lined with concrete
2. Septic tanks and other wastewater pits will be emptied periodically to ensure that
effluent does not overflow into surrounding areas
3. Septic tanks and wastewater pits will be designed so that runoff does not flow into
them
4. Pits will have dykes around them to prevent runoff from entering
5. Pits will be lined with impervious pit liner to prevent the seepage of pollutants into the
ground
6. Fuels and lubricants will be stored in areas with impervious floors and dykes that can
contain spills
7. Fuels and lubricants will be handled in areas with impervious floors.
Following measures will be undertaken to prevent any adverse impact to water resources
of the area due to drainage or runoff:
• Proper drainage will be provided to construction camp and construction site,
especially near excavations.
• Mitigation for handling and storage of fuel, oil and chemicals will be followed.
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• All drains will discharge into evaporation pond after required treatment.
• Plant areas will be provided with the plant low volume waste drain system, this drain
system will discharge into plant low volume wastes treatment basin. Water collected
through these drains will be treated by neutralisation and will finally be discharge to
evaporation pond after mixing with cooling tower blow down.
• Plant areas where there are chances of oil contamination in case of a spill, such as the
fuel storage area, the main turbine area etc. will be provided with oil water drainage
system, this drainage system will be routed to an oil separator and finally discharge
into the evaporation pond.
• The entire site will be provided with storm water drainage system.
Residual Impacts
Implementation of the proposed mitigation measures is not likely to leave any significant
impact on the soil or surrounding land.
Camp-effluent
Potential Impacts
Improper disposal of domestic effluent from the camp may result in contamination of soil
and water and become a health hazard.
A significant impact on the environment will be interpreted if the wastewater discharged
is not in compliance with the National Environmental Quality Standards for municipal
effluent if discharged offsite. Or improper discharge onsite causes odour nuisance, and
health hazard.
Impact Assessment
The construction camps will be a source of domestic sewage. Maximum wastewater
discharge is estimated to be 120 m3/day. The source of wastewater will include toilets,
washrooms, laundry and kitchen. The sewage will be collected in closed drains and will
be treated in a wastewater treatment system, using either septic tanks or activated sludge
process. The treated wastewater will be disposed off through evaporation pond.
Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measures will be taken:
• Camp effluent will be treated onsite before disposal through evaporation pond.
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Residual Impacts
Implementation of the proposed mitigation measures is not likely to leave any significant
impact on the soil or surrounding land.
Impacts on water resources during Operational phase
The increased withdrawal of surface water for the proposed project may affect the water
availability for the other users of the project area. The perennial surface water channel in
the project area is the Jamrao Canal and the Nara Canal.
A significant impact will be interpreted if water extracted for the project directly affects
the ability of the community and other users to meet their water needs.
Impact Assessment
Main water usage will be the replacement for the cooling tower blow down. Other water
uses will include generation of demineralised water for various plant operations, water
required for staff colony, gardening etc.
There will be onsite water storage pond with storage volume equal to two months water
requirements to store water for canal annual and maintenance closure. Water will be
transported through existing water pipeline.
Proper approval will be sought from the irrigation department for the withdrawal of water.
Hence the project water abstraction will not have any significant impact on water resources
of the area.
Mitigation Measures
• Approval from the concerned departments will be obtained for the withdrawal of canal
water for the plant water requirements.
• The plant cooling system will consist of vertical draft cooling towers with continues
recirculation of cooling water. The cooling water chemistry will be closely monitored
for optimum utilization of cooling water.
• Reverse osmosis (RO) technology may be employed to further reduce the water
requirements of the plant.
• Water conservation program will be initiated in plant colony to prevent wastage of
water.
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Residual Impacts
No significant residual impact on the surface water resources of the area is expected after
the implementation of proposed mitigation measures.
Wastewater
Potential Impacts
The discharge of effluent from the gas production plant from cooling water system can
potentially affect the water resources of the project area.
Assessment of Impacts
Once-through cooling water from steam units it does not require major treatment and is
discharged to the Jamrao Canal.
During cooling tower operation, blow down of all towers is discharged into nearby water
channel. A neutralization basin would be constructed for treatment /neutralization of any
low volume wastes generated by the units prior to discharge. Treated low volume
wastewater and sanitary wastewater from the plant would be discharged to the circulating
water return channel. From here it would be ultimately discharged in to Jamrao canal
along the circulation water. The quality of wastewater which would be disposed off would
be maintained and the parameters would be maintained within the NEQS limits.
The wastewater from the residential colony would be collected by sewer and would be
discharged to series of septic tanks/ponds. These septic tanks/ponds provide
sedimentation, bacteriological decomposition and organic stabilization of sanitary
wastewaters. Such type of septic tanks/ponds is an appropriate and reasonable technology
for the sanitary sewage treatment in this area. Wastewater from these ponds would be
disposed off outside the boundary into the water body nearby , during the low flow
condition this water is also used by the farmer for irrigation purposes.
A significant impact will be interpreted if effluent containing pollutants in concentration
exceeding the NEQS or IFC guidelines are discharged to the canals.
The plant will generate the following effluents:
• Oily water (water contaminated with oil leakage)
• Floor and other washing waters
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• Steam system blow down
• Raw water treatment reject water
• Effluent from the wastewater treatment system
• Sanitary wastewater
Mitigation measures
The treatment process to be employed at the gas production plant will be designed to
ensure compliance with the NEQS and IFC guidelines.
Liquid effluents produced from the proposed plant operation will properly be handled and
treated before disposal. Treated wastewater will comply with the NEQS and IFC
guidelines, wastewater treatment system will comprise the following.
• Oil water separator system
• Chemical wastewater treatment system
• System for removal of solids from the treated wastewater
• Wastewater retention, collection and monitoring basin
The effluents will contain oil, hydrocarbons, sulfide, and BOD. The Effluent Treatment
Plant design should be based on treated discharged from the Effluent Treatment Plant
meeting stringent quality requirements. To meet the requirement physical, chemical, and
biological treatments are employed to remove or reduce the major pollutants in the
wastewater stream. Oil and hydrocarbons are removed by skimming, suspended solids are
removed by settling (physical); sulfides are removed by chemical treatment; and
colloidal/dissolved hydrocarbon (BOD) are removed by using an aerobic activated-sludge
process and sedimentation. The treated water discharged from the Effluent Treatment Plant
should have the following characteristics depending on the quality of the feed stream:
Total Oxygen Demand < 600 ppm (subject to its concentration in the feed stream)
Oil & Grease < 10 ppm
Phenols Subject to its concentration in the feed stream
Due to the installation of the Effluent Treatment Plant, the impacts to water and land resources are minimal, subject to its efficient operation.
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Residual Impacts
As no untreated water will be discharged to the canals no significant impact is expected.
Monitoring Requirements
Periodic monitoring will include:
• Discharge rate of wastewater
• Chemical analysis of the wastewater
6.2.3 Ambient air quality
Dust Emission
Dust generated during construction activities can be substantial. Dust emission from
construction sites is a concern particularly if the site is near residential areas. Dust or the
equivalent technical term ‘particulate matter,’ is generally defined as any airborne finely
divided solid or liquid material up to the size of about 100 microns (micrometers or one-
millionth of a meter)..
Potential Impacts
Particulate matter emitted during construction activities can result in deterioration of
ambient air quality in the vicinity of the source, and be a nuisance to the communities and
plant workers. The main health hazards are the particles smaller than 10 microns
(designated as ‘PM10’) as they are respirable. Larger particles also tend to settle rapidly
and often do not reach receptors. In cases where they reach the receptors, the dust is
considered a nuisance as it may spoil property and affect visibility.
A significant effect on the environment will be interpreted if there is an increase in visible
dust beyond the boundaries of the power plant due to activities undertaken at the plant
site, or the dust affects local property or results in complaints from the community.
Impact Assessment
Potential sources of particulate matter emission during construction activities include
earthworks (dirt or debris pushing and grading), exposed surfaces, exposed storage piles,
truck dumping, hauling, vehicle movement on unpaved roads, and concrete mixing and
batching.The quantity of dust that will be generated on a particular day will depend on the
magnitude and nature of activity and the atmospheric conditions prevailing on the day.
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Mitigation measures
If no controls are imposed, there will be an increase in the value of PM10 emissions from
the construction site, however due to the distance of the construction site from the closest
receptor; the impact of dust emissions will not be significant.
A wide variety of options exist to control dust emissions from construction sites. The
most effective means of reducing the dust emission is wet suppression. Watering exposed
surfaces and soil with adequate frequency to keep soil moist at all times can reduce the
total dust emission from the project by as much as 75%.25 Specific measures that can be
employed for the proposed construction are as follows;
The following mitigation measures can implemented at the plant construction site during
construction to control emission of particulate matter:
• Water will be sprinkled daily or when there is an obvious dust problem on all exposed
surfaces to suppress emission of dust. Frequency of sprinkling will be kept such that
the dust remains under control, particularly when wind is blowing towards the
receptors.
• Dust emission from soil piles and aggregate storage stockpiles will be reduced by
appropriate measures. These may include:
• Keeping the material moist by sprinkling of water at appropriate frequency
• Erecting windshield walls on three sides of the piles such that the wall project
0.5 m above the pile, or
• Covering the pile, for example with tarpaulin or thick plastic sheets, to prevent
emissions.
• Project traffic will maintain a maximum speed limit of 20 km/h on all unpaved roads
within the plant site.
• Construction materials that are susceptible to dust formation will be transported only
in securely covered trucks to prevent dust emission during transportation.
Residual Impacts
The effects of the dust nuisance are temporary with no long lasting impact expected after the completion of the construction.
The impacts of the project on air quality will remain the same in all areas except when
the campsite and seismic lines are located close to the settlements.
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samples of ambient air were collected from the area around gas field to examine the
impact of OGDCL activities on the local environment/ambient air quality. Results shown
in table ()
At present, there is no OGDCL activity that can affect the air quality in the area.
Concentration of SO2, CO and NO2 were not found.
This was mainly due to the local transportation i.e. vehicular emission and generators.
Noise level at the camp area ranged from 40 – 55dBA. Source of noise included
operation of generator and vehicles plying at road site.
At present there is no air pollution problem resulting from OGDCL’s existing operation
at Field Plant. However, two types of pollutants will cause the air pollution. These
include CO, CO2, SO2, and Oxides of nitrogen and traces of other gases, particulate
pollutants. These include dust, smoke, Carbon particles.
The proposed Sinjhoro gas production facility Project does not have any significant
impact on the air quality of the surrounding area and can be termed as minor.
Greenhouse gas emissions during Operational phase
The heat, ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) feeds conditioned air to the
equipment and to the accommodation rooms. The cooling and heating is achieved by
water cooled or water steam heated exchangers. Heat may also be taken from gas turbine
exhaust .Cooling is usually achieved by refrigeration units .The HVAC system is usually
delivered as one package and may also include air emissions cleaning . Some HVAC
subsystems include;
Cool: cooling medium, refrigeration system, freezing system
Heat : heat medium system , hot oil system
Green house gases are released as a result of combustion process and due to processes
mentioned above. The main plant operation that contribute to gas emissions are
condensate stabilization , Liquid dehydration, Flash gas compressors , Gas sweetening
unit ,Gas dehydration unit, De-ethanizer of gas compressors, Refrigeration package, Feed
Gas & sales gas compressors , Flare and flow down system ,Electrical power generation
and Fuel gas system etc. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere due
to human activities such as combustion and land use change contributes to the global
warming.
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Smoke is emitted by exhaust pipes of vehicles, generators, engines etc., and mainly
consists of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and carbon particles. Burning of oil, flaring
of natural gas, and use of High Speed Diesel for generators and engines produce
pollutants containing all the gases listed above as gaseous pollutants.
The concentrations of smoke and gaseous pollutants are expected to be small enough to
cause no significant hazard. The wind velocity is relatively during January to April. This
will result in relatively speedier dispersal of smoke and gaseous pollutants of construction
activities during the period, thereby further minimizing the impact on air quality.
Potential Impacts
The Kyoto Protocol is an amendment to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) an international treaty on global warming. Ratifying
developed countries commit to reduce their combined greenhouse gas levels. Islamic
Republic of Pakistan ratified the United Nations Framework on climate change in
January 1994 and is a party to other international agreements concerning climate change.
Developing countries including Pakistan have no obligation beyond monitoring and
reporting emissions.
Impact Analysis
CO2 emissions result from the combustion of any fossil fuel. CO2 emissions from the
proposed gas production facility can be compared to projects burning alternative fuels.
The liquid that are separated from the gas stream in the first separator may be flowed
directly to a tank or may be "stabilized" in some fashion. It may be shipped without
further processing, but it is stabilized often by blending into the crude oil stream and
thereby sold as crude oil. These liquids contain a large percentage of methane and ethane,
which will flash to gas in the tank. OGDC may use Flash vaporization method for
condensate stabilization. A typical three stage flash separation system is comprised by a
high pressure, medium pressure and low pressure separation .The gas outgoing the
vessels can be recompressed or used as fuel gas depending on the returned value in terms
of product production from that gas. The stabilized condensate has to meet the
specifications and is led to atmospheric storage. The whole process may lead to
greenhouse gas emissions and release of wastewater.
“Sour gas” consists of the hydrocarbon and non hydrocarbon components that enter the
gas sweetening process. This step gives the “sweet gas” of hydrocarbons and nitrogen
(if any) in one stream and the “acid gas” of H2S and CO2 in the other stream.
Specification (spec) for gas going to a sales pipeline requires a very low level of H2S. In
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addition other sulfur species have a maximum specification limit. Any undesirable
component must be removed to the specification limit for acceptance for sale. This
process may result in emissions on SOx , NOx and CO2.
Flare system
Flare system will consist of three separate flare headers, two for gas and liquid blow
downs and other for gas relives.
Mitigation Measures
There are no generally accepted methods for the mitigation of CO2, emissions. However,
two possible mitigation strategies were given consideration. These included:
• CO2, removal from the fuel gas at the gas field with re-injection of the CO2.
• Carbon sequestration by planting trees near the site.
CO2 emissions contributes to the global warming however, CO2 emissions from the
proposed project will be considerably less per unit gas generated compared to any other
conventional alternative.
It is recommended that a continuous and effective monitoring program for H2S gas
should be implemented specially when the Sinjhoro gas production Plant is in operation.
The first step is to prepare an emission inventory, which would serve as the basis of
establishing the monitoring program. The inventory should include information
pertaining to the location of the air pollution source, type and magnitude of pollution,
projected emission of pollutants, frequency and duration. OGDCL should ensure that
emissions do not exceed the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) as
authorised by section 6(1)(e) and (g) of the Environmental Protection Act 1997, and are
consistent with the World Bank onshore emission criteria
6.2.4 Noise
Environmental Impacts (Construction phase)
Depending on the construction equipment used and its distance from the receptors, the
community and the existing plant workers may typically be exposed to intermittent and
variable noise levels. During the day such noise results in general annoyance and can
interfere with sleep during the night.
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The potential noise related issues during construction is the disturbance to workers and the
surrounding communities of gas production plant due to construction machinery operation
on the plant site.
Noise sources in the community, mostly intermittent in nature, include farm tractors, farm
equipment, and road traffic. The area surrounding the gas production facility plant site
boundary has low noise pollution. (Table :)
The World Bank guidelines for noise (Table 2.6) require that the sound level in offices
and other similar areas should not exceed 50dB (A). An alternate criterion is the World
Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The maximum noise level is important when
there are distinct events to the noise.
Impact Assessment
The potential sources of significant noise during the construction period include the
construction machinery, generators at camps and construction related traffic. The noise
will be maximum during the day time when construction activities are ongoing.
Monitoring of actual noise levels from construction camp sites for similar projects has
shown that the noise during construction attenuates to ambient levels24 after
approximately 300 m from the sites..
Since the distance from the nearest receptor from the construction location is greater than
500 m, the impact of noise on the community and plant colony will be negligible.
Mitigation Measures
Mitigation measures presented here are of general nature as the nature of impact is
temporary occurring during the day time.
• Reduce equipment noise at source by proper design, maintenance and repair of
construction machinery and equipment.
• Minimise noise from vehicles and power generators by use of proper silencers and
mufflers.
• Use noise-abating devices wherever needed and practicable.
Residual Impacts
Residual noise impact is expected to be low from the construction activities of the gas
production plant.
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Environmental impacts during operational phase
Potential Impacts
The proposed gas production plant will result in increase in noise. The increased noise
may be a source of disturbance to nearby communities and the plant workers colony.
Noise sources in the community mostly intermittent in nature include farm tractors, farm
equipment, and road traffic. It can therefore be concluded that area surrounding the plant
boundary has low noise pollution.
The existing day time noise levels at the plant boundary are provided in Table 4.9.The
World Bank guidelines for noise require that the sound level in residential areas should
not exceed 55 dB(A) during the day and 45 dB(A) during the night.26 An alternate
criterion is the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.27
Impact Assessment
The existing daytime noise levels at plant boundary show that at most of the plant
boundary noise levels are well below guideline value of 55 dB(A). The values are higher
than 55 dB (A) at only three location near the plant boundary at check posts which are in
the immediate vicinity of the plant. These noise levels are recorded within the plant
boundary, the plant boundary wall working as a noise barrier will further reduce the noise
levels outside the plant boundary. Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook,
Towards Cleaner Production. Environment Department, The World Bank; UNIDO;
UNEP. World Health Organization. 1999. Guidelines for Community Noise. It can be
inferred that even with the doubling the source of noise, the increase over the existing
noise levels will not be more than 2 to 3 dB (A) at a given point in the vicinity of the
power plant. Hence considering the existing noise levels the plant expansion will not
cause the noise levels to increase beyond the international guidelines values.
Noise levels at the plant location will be high, however only concerned staff will be
working in the area with required PPE, and the exposure will be limited to short durations.
The control on occupational hazards including noise is discussed later in this section.
Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measure will be undertaken in order to further reduce the noise
levels;
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• The noise producing equipments such as the turbines will be placed inside the acoustic
enclosures to reduce noise at source.
Residual Impacts
Implementation of the mitigation measures proposed above will result in negligible / no
residual impact due to plant noise on surrounding environment.
6.3 Impacts on biological Environment
6.3.1 Natural vegetation
As discussed in Section 4, natural vegetation in most of the project area is sparse and has
been replaced by invasive species, it is therefore expected that the overall impact of the
seismic survey on natural vegetation will be insignificant. Campsites will have no impact
on natural vegetation since they will be located in existing clearings.
The trampling or damaging of vegetation will not harm the overall diversity of plant
communities or the genetic diversity of species, since the population size of the species
found is large.
The proposed drilling site and its surroundings have been completely modified due to
irrigated agriculture, and are of no value as wildlife habitat. The drilling site and access
road are located in a wheat/rice field. The only animal species found are common ones
that easily adapt to disturbed environments.
The only areas with some natural vegetation are the Riverine forests along the Indus
River, which are over 70 km away, and will not be affected by the project.
The drilling project will not have a significant impact on the area's biological resources.
However, hunting by project personnel will be completely prohibited
Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measures will further reduce any adverse impacts of the seismic
survey;
• When developing new tracks, routes that minimize vegetation loss will be chosen.
• Camps will be established in natural clearings.
• Felling of trees will be avoided.
• Open fires will not be allowed anywhere outside the campsites.
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6.3.2 Wildlife and habitat
During the construction phase, there will be considerable human interventions in the
project area which can potentially affect the wildlife resources of the project area. No
environmentally sensitive area (forest, wetland, national park, wildlife sanctuary, or game
reserve) is located in the vicinity of the project area. The project area has been under
cultivation and human habitation for almost half a century, and the natural vegetation and
habitats have been degraded in most areas. As a result, most wildlife species have either
left the area or become locally extinct. Most of the animals found are common species that
are highly adaptable and are able to co-exist with people.
The wetland in shape of evaporation pond at the plant is providing wintering habitat for a
number of migratory birds where they enjoy complete protection. Any act of wilful
killing, trapping, or trade, of wild animals by project-related personnel will be considered
as significant impact on the wildlife resources.
Impact assessment
During the construction phase and onwards, the change in land use will occur at the site of
plant extension. This will definitely squeeze the existing natural area present in shape of a
semi-desert flat area. However, still there will be about 50% area left without any human
intervention. During the filed visit for the EIA, 85 birds, 16 mammals and 21 reptile
species were recorded from project area and its immediate surroundings. However, none
of these may be considered as critically endangered or key species of global significance.
Even if it is presumed that some of the species may be displaced due to loss of habitat or
temporary disturbance, natural areas would still be available outside walled plant area. As
it has been observed, wildlife is more protected inside plant area than outside where there
is a potential threat of hunting as this part of Sindh is devoid of any notified protected
area.
The construction activities of the project will result in loss of wildlife habitat. The
construction activity disturbs the wild life by noise, traffic and different activities at the
site, especially by generators and compressors.
Disturbance to wildlife is likely to arise during construction phases due to increased
vehicular traffic, noise and movement of people and machinery. This activity may cause
temporary disturbance to nocturnal animals not normally exposed to such levels of noise
and light, although it is likely that the reaction of the animals will simply be to stay away
from the works area.
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During the construction stage, every effort should be made to minimize disturbance to
fauna and OGDCL should enforce speed limit. The standards achieved during the
operational stage should be maintained and improved upon throughout the operational
stage of Field Development Project. Since the feeding and residing areas of the wildlife
are located away from the project area, therefore, the project activities will have no
adverse impact on the resident and migratory wildlife in the area. No significant negative
impacts are anticipate
Mitigation Measures
The measures listed below will minimise the disturbance to the wildlife due to the project
activities.
• A ‘no-hunting, no trapping, no harassment’ policy will be strictly enforced.
• Trading of wild animals or birds by project personnel will also be prohibited.
• Wildlife protection rules will be included in the Camp Rules.
Residual Impacts
Implementation of mitigation measures proposed above will result in negligible residual
impact on the wildlife resources due to construction activities.
The feeding and residing areas of the wildlife are located away from the project area. No
endangered species are present in the project area; hence no negative impact is expected.
The project area is primarily a cultivated area and apart from OGDCL no other industrial
activities are planned that can alter the existing flora and fauna. Sinjhoro gas production
facility is near chutiari dam area and birds, fauna is observed. Different species of
mammals, reptile & amphibians are reported as found in the area .(Photograph No.7:
Wildlife near the Project Area).
Mitigation Measures
In order to reduce the impacts of the proposed project activities on the wildlife resources
of the area, the following restrictions will be imposed;
• Hunting, fishing or capturing wildlife, or otherwise discharging firearms will be
prohibited.
• Harassment or pursuit of wildlife will be prohibited.
• Dens of large mammals and colonies of small mammals and reptiles will be given
appropriate offset from project activities.
• Construction of new tracks will be minimized.
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• Off-road driving will be minimized in order to avoid accidental killing of reptiles.
• Project crew will not buy wild birds from local trappers.
• Waste of any kind will not be discharged in open.
• Movement of project personnel will be restricted to work areas only. They will not be
allowed to stray away in wild areas.
.
6.4 Socio-cultural impacts
Social impact assessment and analysis techniques were employed during the field survey
and community consultation sessions to identify the potential socioeconomic and
cultural impact of the proposed project, and the impact of related project activities on the
area and its people. The effects identified were screened, and their relevance determined
through a review of baseline data and a thorough study of project activities and
processes. The effects were analyzed on the basis of positive or negative impact, and the
intensity and permanence of each.
No adverse socio-economic impacts are identified. In fact, the OGDCL activities had
created positive impact on the economy in the Sinjhro area. Secondary activities of
Sinjhoro gas Field Development Project will boost the local economy. With the Project,
more local inhabitants will get temporary/permanent jobs with OGDCL. There are no
foreseeable problems in the acquisition, supervision, and transportation of the labour
forces during the construction and operation phases of the Sinjhoro gas production
facility Project. In general, there will be significant detrimental long-term changes in the
demographic, employment, and economic patterns because of the proposed Project. The
value of the barani land, mainly due to the OGDCL activities, has increased
considerably in the last three years.
The OGDCL has initiated social sector projects close to its residential colony, which
would facilitate the process of having greater and frequent interaction with the local
population leading to healthy relationships with the local population and the OGDCL
staff:
6.4.1 Possible Displacement
OGDCL’s installations at production field require land. So, private land will have to be
acquired at few designated places for access roads, product storage and transfer facilities.
Appropriate compensation and assistance in relocation should be provided. Any
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resettlement, which should only be considered as a last resort, and compensation should
be undertaken with full and open consultation with the population affected by the project.
The acquired land for dehydration/LPG plants and production facilities should be located
at a suitable distance from local communities, 500 meters minimum, to avoid any
unwanted intrusion on the privacy of the local communities.
The effects will be limited to inconvenience to the local residents and disturbance due to
noise and dust. A limited economic activity of the population (e.g. Agriculture) will
affected due to construction of oil wells, dehydration and LPG plants and staff camp.
Opportunities of employment of local people and the purchase of food and other
consumables from local markets should be maximized, to assist the local economy.
Agreement for the payment of appropriate compensation to landowners and farmers
taking into account the loss of earning from any crop yield which are affected as
discussed with Area Nazim. Provide new water resource to local communities during and
after completion of project. Make necessary arrangements for the provision of
employment opportunities to local people.
It is important for the OGDCL to encourage and facilitate information sharing with all
stakeholders in the project area.
6.4.2 Acquisition of Productive land
The proposed project site is located on arid agricultural land. A total area of around 102
acres has been acquired on lease. The area has presently been leased for a period of one
year. If necessary, the land will be leased depending on the life of the reservoir. To
compensate for involuntary acquisition, the rate paid for the land was higher than the
market value, which is in line with World Bank guidelines on compensation.
The community’s livelihood (household income) is dependent on agriculture and
livestock farming. The proposed program will utilize land for various project activities,
such as campsite establishment and lying of seismic line.
6.4.3 Land use
The construction of the Sinjhoro gas production facility will require about 102 acres of
land including for the plant, residential colony, evaporation and water storage pond.
Ponds will be excavated , land will be cleared and level and excavated earth will be used
as a fill material.
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Potential Impacts
The land use will change from its existing conditions. There are no standards in Pakistan
for maintaining the physical, chemical, or biological properties of soil. An adverse impact
on the land will be interpreted if the land as a result of the project activities becomes
unsuitable for the purpose for which it was originally intended.
Mitigation Measures
• Land uptake will be kept to minimum required.
Residual Impacts
The land use will change as a result of construction of the gas production facility plant.
However the land is acquired by OGDCL for the purpose of construction of gas
production facility.
.
6.4.4 Community Disturbance
Noise from the well site is not expected to result in significant disturbance. The rig is
expected to generate noise between 84 and 92 dB, whereas the noise level of generators is
expected to be between 96 and 106 dB. The nearby village are Goth Qayum Khan,
Ahmedabad , chak 2,4,6,and chak 10 all possible mitigation measures as suggested in the
report would be taken to minimize the community disturbance.
The access road does not pass close to any settlements, and noise from 40- foot flat bed
trailers, even during mobilization and demobilization is not expected to disturb local
communities. No mitigation measures are required to reduce noise impacts.
Community disturbance is likely to become an issue if seismic work is conducted close to
settlements. Various field activities, such as the operation of field equipment will
generate noise, which may disturb people in nearby houses. Vehicles on access tracks
passing close by villages also have the potential to create a disturbance.
Mitigation Measures
The project proponents will keep communities informed of work schedules and of the
nature of work to be undertaken. They will also take advantage of local knowledge
regarding any possible sensitive sites (such as sources of water) or sites of historical or
cultural interest that are located in close proximity to seismic operations. These sites will
not be disturbed during the course of the project.
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6.4.5 Induction of Labour
During the proposed program, unskilled, semi-skilled, and skilled labor will be employed
for various jobs. As persons with relevant skills are not available in the locality, most of
the skilled and many of the semi-skilled jobs may be filled by people from outside the
project area. In addition, the number of unskilled jobs available may be limited. All of
this means that the proposed program will create few job opportunities for the local
community. Skilled labor for the project brought in from outside the project area may
cause resentment among local communities. A second issue related to hiring of labor is
the distribution of the available jobs within clans, tribes, and villages. Employment
opportunities for paid work in the area are virtually nonexistent and, for the duration of
any project, there might be a sharp increase in the expectation of opportunities for paid
work. Families close to the project activities expect an improvement in their quality of
life and employment not equitably and judiciously distributed between the tribes of the
project area will result in intertribal conflict.
Mitigation Measures
OGDCL will adopt a transparent process for the employment of semi-skilled and
unskilled laborers. All unskilled jobs related to the seismic survey will be provided to the
local communities.
OGDCL will adopt a transparent hiring policy. Before any project, the local communities
and other stakeholders in the project area will be informed of the employment policy in
place and the number of people that can be employed from the local communities.
Locals will be employed based on the following criteria;
• The employment process will be transparent, fair and open
• Local people from villages closest to the project site (and therefore the most likely to
be affected by project activities) will be given preference.
In order to benefit local communities and avoid causing resentment and dissatisfaction,
unskilled jobs will be reserved for the local population.
OGDCL will ensure the balance employment of tribal groups, with preference given to
those most directly affected by the project. A proportionate share will be given to the
locals in unskilled, semi-skilled, and security-related jobs in order to mitigate
employment-related conflicts and to build local human capital
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6.4.6 Community Health and Safety
Health
People from the project area regularly travel to other cities, and thus cannot be considered
isolated from the rest of the country. They are regularly exposed to illnesses common to
urban populations, and have similar levels of immunity. The drilling crew of around 100
people will undergo medical examinations before being hired, and will be screened for
communicable diseases. In addition, there will be very little contact between drilling
crews and local people. The project is therefore very unlikely to lead to an epidemic of
any sort among local communities.
Mitigation Measures
The crew will undergo medical examinations before being hired, and will be screened for
communicable diseases. The project is therefore very unlikely to lead to an epidemic of
any sort among local communities.
Safety
The drill rig, flare pit and residential camp will be fenced off, and will therefore not
endanger local people. The only safety issue is that of traffic, especially as it leaves the
rig and campsite, and merges into Sanghar road traffic. To reduce the hazard, the
following mitigation measures will be implemented:
� A stop sign will be put up on the access road where it meets Sanghar road.
� A speed breaker will be constructed on the access road where it meets Sanghar road.
� The speed limit for the access road will be 30 km/h.
Project activities, such as the handling of fuels and field equipment operation for
drilling/surveying could become a hazard if conducted in populated areas, where local
people, especially children are likely to gather around to watch any ongoing activity. The
other safety issue concerns traffic, especially along access roads close to settlements.
Sudden loud noise can cause discomfort and may even instill fear in the young. The
community showed certain apprehensions in this respect during the survey. Particularly,
they feared that the blasting noise from seismic survey would disturb their children and
elders.
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The typical noise from the seismic survey is generally of low intensity and is not audible
beyond few hundred meters. Rarely a louder noise may generate if an explosive shot is
misfired. Shooting and recording on a seismic line is a one-time activity that is not
repeated. Thus the noise is unlikely to create any real discomfort or nuisance.
Mitigation Measures
• The seismic lines will pass at a safe distance from human settlements. The safe
distance will be determined prior to the project on the basis of the noise generated by
the quantity of explosive used.
• The communities elders local leaders, men and women will be informed well ahead
of the project activities near their village so that is no inconvenience is caused to the
communities and vulnerable groups.
Occupational health and safety
This section discusses the occupational and safety impacts of operations of various plant
components.
a. Safety
The major safety topics discussed below include:
• Electrical hazards
• Confined space entry
• Machine guarding
• Eye, head and foot protection
• Fire and explosion hazards
• House keeping Issues
Electrical Hazards
Electrical hazards constitute a major threat to employees at a gas generation facility.
Care will be taken to properly ground and insulate all equipment, maintenance activities
around electrical equipment will utilise written procedures to de-energise circuits that
will be impacted by the repair activity. Tools shall also be of the type that will not
conduct electricity if circuits cannot be de-energised.
Confined Space Entry
Standard procedures for confined space entries will be in written form and will include
electrical lockout, air testing before and during entry, proper respiratory protection if
required, standby help (buddy system), and piping system disconnection. Hazardous air
conditions that may be encountered are oxygen deficiency and toxic gases such as
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aromatic hydrocarbons.
Machine Guarding
Proper machine guarding, which is critical for the prevention of injuries to workers by
isolating them from moving machinery, will be provided. Examples of critical guarding
points are fan belts and moving gears. Guard railing necessary to minimise hazard of falls
from elevated walkways on equipment such as fuel storage tanks will be provided.
Eye, Head and Foot Protection
Head protection will be worn in appropriate plant areas, i.e., power block and production
areas. Open-toed shoes will be prohibited. Eye protection will be required during all
maintenance activities involving dust exposure or the production of particulates from
sanding or grinding activities.
Fire and Explosion Hazards
Explosion and fire are a risk from flame out, electrical fault, or equipment overheating.
Fire fighting equipment will be available in the form of ABC fire extinguishers as a
minimum, and their locations will be clearly marked. Exits from work places will be well
marked and visible in dim light. Fire water will be located throughout the plant in
wellmarke piping. Diesel engines will be provided to assure the system has power for fire
protection. Portable fire extinguishers will be located in appropriate areas for use by
employees.
House Keeping
Housekeeping will be frequent and thorough to prevent slips, trips, and falls. Problem
areas include aisles and roadways that are often oily from machinery leakage. Visibility
will be clear at pathway intersections to prevent employee injury and equipment damage.
A lockout / tag out program will be implemented
b. Occupational health
The occupational topics discussed below include:
• Chemical exposure
• Noise levels
• Medical Monitoring
• Ambient temperature
• Respirator Usage
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Chemical Exposure
Chemical exposure during operation of the plant is a possibility. Workers need to be
trained in the potential health effects of these chemicals and the job categories in which
exposure is most likely to occur. Some compounds, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur
dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen may be present at times at low concentrations. These
compounds are product of combustion, and high levels are anticipated only during
process upsets. Low sulfur fuel oil will be used to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. Most
chemicals are likely to be encountered only during periodic maintenance activities and
proper precautions will be taken to minimise employee risks. Respirator will be used if
required such as entry into confined space where hazardous gases are present. Proper
training will be provided to the staff prior to operations for chemical exposure.
Noise Levels
Measurements of noise exposure will be made for all job categories as soon as the new
equipment is fully operational. Employee exposure above 90 dBA requires engineering or
administrative controls to reduce exposure wherever feasible. If noise reduction is not
feasible, personal protective equipment must be worn for those job categories with
exposures over 90 dB (A). In addition, a hearing-conservation program is recommended
for all employee exposure over 85 dB (A). The hearing-conservation program should
include audiometery, training in the use of hearing protection (ear muffs, plugs, canal
caps), identification of areas that have high (85 dB (A) or above) sound levels, and
discussion of the effects of noise exposure.
Medical Monitoring
Medical monitoring is important for all facility workers. Pre-employment medical
examinations will be utilised to develop a baseline set of data for each worker which can
be compared to future data developed during periodic examinations. A medical clinic
with basic medical facilities and a qualified medical practitioner will be present in plant
worker’s colony for routine medical monitoring.
6.4.7 Interactions with communities and mobility of women
There is expected to be very little interaction between crews and local communities,
expect for the local people who are hired for the project. However, the influx of outsiders
may affect the mobility of local women. Project activities may also restrict the movement
of pilgrims.
Mitigation Measures
OGDCL will strive to maintain contact with major stakeholders, particularly local
communities, through all stages of project implementation. This is necessary to engender
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a sense of community in the project proponents and to ensure that the community’s
concerns are responded to at every stage. The purpose of such contact is to develop a
relationship of trust with the local communities, keeping in mind that the exploration may
lead to the development of long-term interests in the region.
6.4.8 Employment and Income Generation
The project is not likely to lead to significant, long-term income generation for local
people. It is expected that the maximum number of unskilled jobs, for which local labor
can be used, will be generated during access road construction, site preparation, and site
restoration. During the drilling phase, very few unskilled jobs will be available, although
some people may be hired as watchmen or laborers at the rig and camp, or for access road
maintenance.
When giving out jobs, preference should be given to people from around the well site.
6.4.9 Archeological or Cultural Resources
It is possible that the project may damage structures, such as archaeological sites, houses,
water wells and canals and water courses, owned and used by local people.
No known sites of archeological or cultural value are known to exist near the proposed
well site or along the access road. The project is therefore not expected to have any
impact on archeological or cultural resources of the area. However, all contractors hired
for construction or drilling work must be instructed to notify OGDCL immediately if any
artifacts or sites of archeological or cultural value are found while working in the area, so
that measures can be taken for their salvage or protection.
Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measures will be taken to reduce the impact on the area’s
cultural resources and infrastructure:
• All graveyards and shrines and other cultural sites in the vicinity of the project area
will be identified before the survey.
• No seismic shooting will take place within a circle of ‘safe’ radius from the sites. The
safe radius will be determined on the basis of the quantity of explosive used.
• Communication will be established with the local spiritual leader and the
communities to explain about the activities near the sites
• To reduce the chances of damage, a safe distance between the seismic lines and the
structures will be maintained (Table 3 provides some safe distances for reference
purpose
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The following mitigation measures will be implemented to prevent damage to
archaeological resources:
• Before any project, the archeological sites in vicinity of the project will be identified.
• When locating the project facilities, an attempt will be made to avoid these scatters.
• Any site that is within 200 m of any project activity or facility will be cordoned off so
that they do not get accidentally damage.
Appropriate project staff will be trained to identifying items of archaeological importance
so that no artifact is inadvertently destroyed during the project construction activities.
6.5 Water use
The water during the construction activity will be required for the domestic water
consumption at the construction camp and for the construction activities including
sprinkling of water for dust suppression. It is estimated that peak water requirement during
construction phase will be 400 m3/day. Water will be obtained from bores which are
planed to meet the water requirements.
Potential impacts
The extraction of water for the construction may affect the water availability for other
water users.
An adverse impact on the water resources will be interpreted if it is established that the
water extraction during construction has directly affected the ability of the community to
meet their water needs.
Mitigation
Following mitigation measures should be incorporated to minimise any impacts;
• Water will only be abstracted from canal after proper approval from the concerned
departments.
• Water conservation programme will be initiated to prevent wastage of water.
• Water, if extracted from the project area, will only be extracted from the deep aquifer
(below 30 m).
• No existing community wells will be used to meet the project’s water requirement.
• New wells for the project activities will be installed 500 m away from any water body
and community well, if technically feasible
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Residual Impacts
Residual impacts are foreseen to be negligible / low in this case.
6.6 Communities Grievances
A framework for addressing community grievances in the context of the project is
necessary. OGDCL will address all community grievances in order to avoid conflict
between the company and the local communities.
Mitigation Measures
All the grievances of the communities (men and women) will be addressed through social
complaint register as well as through continuous contact with the communities in a
culturally sensitive manner. Specifically, OGDCL will create a system to register and
manager social complaints against the company. All complaints, raised by anyone in the
community and communicated by any means, will be recorded. One senior staff member
will be designated as the manager of the system. Once recorded, the complaint will be
screened by the manager and genuine cases identified. The screening will be done on the
basis of preset criteria, which may be in the form of simple check list. If it is determined that
no action is required, the decision and its justification will be recorded. If it is determined
that no action is required, the responsibility and the target completion date will also be
recorded. Alternatively, an investigation may be carried out. The decision of the company
on any issue will always be communicated back to the complainant. All complaints recorded
in the system will be periodically reviewed in a high-level meeting or by a nominated
committee.
6.7 Waste Management
Solid Waste
The solid waste at Sinjhoro production facility will primarily consist of:-
• Solid waste from empty packaging
• Discarded chemicals and additives
• Discarded and unserviceable equipment
• Scrap metal and wood
• Domestic refuses.
The hazardous solid waste should be disposed off by incineration
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Liquid waste
The major source of effluent discharge in the proposed Sinjhoro Field Development Project
is the produced water from the LPG Plant and the domestic liquid waste will be primarily
composed of the following:
• Produced water from dehydration, LPG Plant and wells
• Lubricating oils and greases
• Liquid sanitary waste from the residential colony.
• Liquid kitchen waste
• Laundry waste
OGDCL should introduce the close drain system with CPI separator for safe and
environmentally friendly operation at Sinjhoro gas field to process the produced water and
drains up to the allowable industrial effluent discharge limits. The water from high pressure
production separator and flash separator will go to water flash vessel, where flash gases
routed to flare and water goes to close drain header and all other drains from the plant also
connected to close drain header from where it goes to Produced Water CPI.
The produced water of the Sinjhoro should be disposed to a wastewater pit and the water is
evaporated to the atmosphere. The waste water pit must be sealed by an acceptable clay or
synthetic layer or any approved material to prevent leakage.
The lubricating oils and greases should be properly dumped into a waste pit, approximately
100m long by 50m wide and 3-4m deep. The liquid waste should be allowed to evaporate
and any residual solids should be buried.
The liquid sanitary and kitchen waste are presently being discharged into open should be
discharged into a septic tank. The laundry waste should be disposed off into an unlined
evaporation pit.
Waste management during operational phase
Hazardous materials
Potential Impacts
The operations of plant will require use of process chemicals for water treatment, as
lubricants and corrosion control etc. Some of these chemicals may be of hazardous nature.
These chemicals have a potential to harm human health and contaminate soil, surface and
groundwater if not handled correctly.A significant impact will be interpreted if the
hazardous material are not handled properly i.e. in manner other than that prescribed in the
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).
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Impact Assessment
The chemicals for the plant operations will include various salts, coagulants, flocculants,
Sulfuric acid and caustic soda for water treatment and regeneration systems, lubricants,
corrosion inhibiter WD40 etc. for use in plant maintenance and workshop. The operation of
plant will not require chemicals in large quantities.
These chemicals and hazardous materials will be handled following the mitigation measures
described below:
Mitigation Measures
A chemical and hazardous material handling procedure will be prepared that will contain:
• Storage and handling of hazardous materials will be in accordance with international
standards and appropriate to their hazard characteristics.
• Storage areas for fuels and liquid chemicals will be designed with secondary containment
to prevent spills and contamination of soil and groundwater. The secondary containment
will be impervious with a capacity of at least 110% of the largest single container.
• Labelling will be placed on all storage vessels/containers as appropriate to national and
international standards. The labeling will clearly identify the stored materials.
• Supporting information such as Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) will be available for
all hazardous materials.
• A Hazardous Materials Register will be in place that covers:
• Hazardous Material name
• HAZCHEM/United Nations Code
• MSDS
• Summary of maximum inventory
• Storage requirements and precautions
• Location, physical properties of the materials where they are used
• Approved disposal methods
• Disposal of any hazardous material will be according to the MSDS requirements.
Residual Impacts
Implementation of the proposed mitigation measures is not likely to leave any significant
impact.
.
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Solid waste management
Potential Issues
The solid waste generated during the operational phase of proposed project can pose a health
hazard, pollute soil, surface and ground water if not managed properly. A significant impact
will be interpreted if the waste management is not carried out properly; witch may effect to
health of workers, pollution of soil, surface or groundwater:
• Any person is exposed to potentially hazardous waste generated by the project.
• Excessive wastes are generated, recyclable waste are not recycled, waste are scattered,
handling of wastes results in contamination, and wastes are improperly disposed off
causing pollution
Impact Assessment
The operation of the proposed plant will generate a relatively minor volume of solid wastes.
The waste generated during the operation phase of the project will include:
• The evaporation ponds will generate about 970 m3 per year of solids that will accumulate
in the pond at a rate of about 0.66 cm per year.
• A similar quantity of settleable solid waste will be generated in the raw water storage
and pre-treatment system for the facility. This solid waste stream will consist of settled
solids in the raw water storage pond, clarifier sludge, and filtration residue. These
solids waste streams are neither toxic nor hazardous.
• Other wastes from the power plant operations will include, various oil and air filters, used
lubricating oils, wastes from workshops, empty containers, scrap and debris from
various plant maintenance and operations activities.
• Domestic waste from the power plant colony which will include, waste from kitchen and
general rubbish, recyclable waste such as empty containers, paper, plastics bottles etc.
All wastes generated from the project will be properly managed by proposed controls
discussed in the following section. The environmental impacts will be minimum after the
implementation of the proposed mitigations.
Mitigation Measures
Key elements of the waste management system will be the following:
• Separate waste bins will be placed for different type of wastes - plastic, paper, metal,
glass, wood, and cotton.
• Recyclable material will be separated at source. The recyclable waste will be sold to
waste contractors for recycling.
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• Non-hazardous non-recyclable wastes such as construction camp kitchen wastes will be
disposed off in an onsite landfill.
• No waste will be dumped at any location outside the plant boundary.
• All hazardous waste will be separated from other wastes. Hazardous wastes will be stored
in designated areas with restricted access and proper marking. Hazardous wastes will be
disposed off through approved waste contractors.
• Surplus materials including partially filled chemical and paint containers will be returned
to suppliers. Inert wastes will be disposed off onsite as fill material.
• Records of all waste generated will be maintained. Quantities of waste disposed,
recycled, or reused will be logged on a Waste Tracking Register.
• Training will be provided to personnel for identification, segregation, and management of
waste.
Residual Impacts
Proper implementation of the mitigation measures will ensure that the residual impact from
waste is minimum. Monitoring and inspection will be undertaken to ensure compliance and
minimise any residual impact.
Wastewater
Potential Impacts
The plant operation will generate wastewater in the form of cooling tower blow down,
plant low volume wastes and sanitary wastewater from plant colony. The wastewater can
be a potential source of pollution to surface and groundwater resources of the area.
A significant impact will be interpreted if discharged to the environment exceed the
NEQS limits for effluent discharge or World Bank guidelines for effluent discharge from
plant. Similarly a significant impact will be interpreted if wastewater contaminates the
groundwater.
Impact Analysis
Wastewater generated during the operation of plant is estimated to be approximately 1,240
m3 per day. There will no discharge to the environment as the plant is designed as a zero
discharge facility. The wastewater will be disposed through onsite evaporation after
required treatment.
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Mitigation Measures
Following mitigation measures will be adopted for effective management of wastewater
from the plant;
• The facility will be constructed as a zero discharge facility; wastewater will be
disposed off through onsite evaporation pond after required treatment.
This should be noted that the NEQS standards and World Bank guidelines are for discharge
into inland waters and hence do not apply for the disposal through evaporation pond, the
comparison has been given as a reference only.
• The wastewater from low volume waste stream will be treated by sedimentation, flow
equalization, and neutralization in the treatment basin before discharging into the
evaporation pond.
• Sanitary wastewater will be treated in a wastewater treatment plant under aerobic
conditions before discharge into the evaporation pond.
• Sanitary wastewater system will have capacity to treat additional effluent generated
from camp operations during the plant outage when maintenance staff is also residing
in the plant.
In compliance with the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997. Rules 55 and 56 of the 1986 Exploration and Production Rules, OGDCL is required to protect aquifers which are an underground source of drinking water or other aquifers which may be used by the community for drinking or agricultural use. According to the contractor, the design of their dehydration and H2S Removal Plant and Gas Gathering System includes three different types of drain for process water/condensate, closed drain for amine and open drain for collecting rain/storm water.
Produced water will be disposed of by injection into a shallow aquifer. The location of the well and the flowing wellhead pressure are not yet known. The injection water must meet the following specification - based on flowing wellhead pressure of 750 psig:
Total suspended solid 1 mg/l (max)
Particle size 5 um (max)
Oil 5 mg/l (max)
PH 5.0 to 8.0
Drain water will be disposed of in an open pit, some 1.0 km away from the plant
area. The main specifications on this are maximum total dissolved solids of 500
mg/l, and free from floating oil. This corresponding to a free oil content of 30 mg/l
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or less. According to the contractor, produced water and drain water of the facilities
will be connected with the main system of the of the dehydration plant.
There will be housing facilities for the OGDCL, consultants and contractors during
the pre and post construction phases.
The Effluent Treatment Plant will treat all the above effluents.
Residual Impacts
Implementation of the proposed mitigation measures and regular monitoring is not likely to
leave any significant impact of the wastewater from the proposed plant.
6.8 Fuel Management
During pre and post construction phases of the Sinjhro Gas Field Development Project, fuel
would be stored in large quantities for the operation of generators and vehicles. Adverse
impacts of a temporary nature on the surface waters and ground water may result if
accidental spill of petroleum products occur. Therefore, storing and transferring such
materials at locations away from drainage ways will minimize the risk of such occurrence.
Following specific guidelines for fuel storage and handling should be considered:
• Temporary fuel storage containers should be situated at least 100m away from any
water body so that spillage or leakage should not reach the water.
• Fuel tanks are preferable to bladders, and welded steel tanks are preferable to bolted
ones.
• Fuel storage areas should be clearly marked or barricaded to ensure that moving
vehicles does not damage them. The markers should be visible under adverse weather
conditions. Smoking should not be permitted within 10 m of the fuel storage area and
the International sign "NO SMOKING" should be posted.
• Dykes should be built around fuel tanks to contain accidental spills and leakages. The
containment area should be 110% of the volume of the largest tank being contained.
Provision should be made in the containment areato drain uncontaminated rainwater.
Provision should also be incorporated into the design to drain the containment area
into an impermeable pit or tank if required for spill cleanup. The containment should
not be located in a drainage channel and should have ditches constructed to divert any
water around the area.
• Proper electrical grounding should be provided for all fuel storage containers as well
as for loading and off loading equipment.
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Chemicals storage and handling
A lot of chemical would be utilised at the Sinjhoro Gas Field Development Project
mainly for the operation of dehydration plant, H2S removal plant and effluent treatment
plant.
Treithylene Glycol (TEG), Diethylene Glycol (DEC) and Ethlyene Glycol (EC) are the
most common liquid desiccants used in the gas industry mainly in the dehydration plant,
of these, TEG is the most common because it is less prone to vapor losses. Since glycols
used for this purpose are regenerated and recycled by a continuous process in a closed
system, they are only released to the environment to any significant degree because of
spillage.
In addition to vaporization losses, other losses include spillage and those resulting from
foaming in the absorber or regenerator. To prevent pH reduction of glycol’s and hence to
retard chemical decomposition, small amounts of bases, such as teiethanolamine, borax
or sodium mercaptobenzothiazole, are added. Other possible contamination in glycol’s,
lost from the processing system, are saline water (brines), hydrogen sulphide and carbon
dioxide.
Because of their heat transfer characteristics, low freezing point and high boiling point,
glycol’s are used extensively for both heating and cooling. Some gas pipelines include a
small diameter glycol’s pipeline in the same trench to heat the gas. Similarly, many
cooling systems use water/glycol solutions. The most common are liquid cooled engines
(e.g. compressors) and liquid cooling towers. Again, being closed systems, losses other
than accidental are minimal.
The disposal options are as follows:
a) Preferred
Deep well Injection: Glycol’s should be segregated from other wastes and
reused. Glycol’s from spillage are usually disposed of by washing to an on-project
area containment pit, together with other organic compound spillage’s, followed
by injection into a disposal well.
b) Acceptable
i) Land Application
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Provided suitable land is available, dilute glycol solution (maximum 1000 PPM)
from storage pits could be used for irrigation. This method is particularly
attractive if deep well injection is not possible because there is no suitable well
available or there is an incompatibility between this wastewater and other fluids,
or conventional wastewater treatment systems are incapable of treating the waste
adequately or economically to a degree that allows surface discharge.
Land application techniques are in some cases inadvisable or impossible,
particularly if the wastewater is saline. In the case of glycol, wastewater is saline,
the presence of brines could render this method unsuitable if the concentration of
the glycol in the wastewater is too high.
Glycol’s added to soil at low application rates will be readily degraded by a large
number of heterotrophic organisms. The fate of glycol’s in an aerobic soil will be
similar to alcohol’s and result in oxidation products of CO2 and H2O. As with
other non-refractory hydrocarbons. Addition to soil will result in a drain on the
nutrient pool, particularly available nitrogen and phosphorus. These should
therefore be added to the glycol treated area at a rate designed to maintain C/N
and C/P ratios similar to those of the untreated soil.
ii) Incineration
Provided due consideration is given to gaseous emissions in compliance with air
quality standards, glycol’s may be disposed of by incineration. Glycol’s per se
would oxidize to CO2 and H2O. Potential contaminants in the glycol such as
sulphur would result in small amounts of SO2 being emitted to the atmosphere.
c) Unacceptable
i) Discharge to Creeks or Surface Waters
Direct discharge of untreated glycol’s to creeks or other surface waters is un-
acceptable because this could lead to degradation of these compounds by aquatic
organisms. The resulting reduction in dissolved O2 could kill fish. Furthermore,
since some glycol’s used in plant processes are likely to be sour (contain H2S) a
direct fish toxicity problem may occur. Brines, if present, would result in
deterioration of water quality by increasing undesirable salts.
ii) Uncontrolled discharge to surface soils
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The storage and handling of fuels are a major environmental concern therefore , good house
keeping practices should be maintained at Sinjhoro Field. As a standard practice, fuel
storage tanks are placed above ground. The stored fuels are also one of the potential hazards
and require strict adherence to the safety procedures and regulations of the OGDCL.
6.9 Conclusions
The construction and operation of the Sinjhoro gas field Development Project will have
impacts on the physical, biological, and social environment. However, majority of these
impacts will be project area specific, short term, and insignificant. The few, which are
potentially significant, would be mitigated or prevented.
The installation of proposed LPG Plant and allied facilities at Sinjhoro gas production Field
would cause no major losses or degradation of irreplaceable natural resources in the areas
surrounding the field. The land in and around Sinjhoro gas production Field are primarily
Barani land, whereas the nature of the region is not recognized as being of high landscape or
recreational value and there are no features of historic, cultural, or conservation value in or
immediately surrounding of the Sinjhoro gas production Field.
The utilization of Sinjhoro oil and gas will provide more revenue to OGDCL. The District,
Provincial, and the Federal Governments will benefit by additional taxes and duties
collected due to increased economic activity i.e., procurement of equipment and material for
construction and operation and transportation of goods to Sinjhoro. Moreover, the Sinjhoro
gas Field Development Project will create permanent jobs.
The overall effect of the Sinjhoro gas Field Development Project will be positive. There is
no factor or combination of factors, which would preclude the attainment of satisfactory
environmental social conditions in the area of the Sinjhoro gas Field Development Project.
No significant changes to the health of project workers are anticipated as a result of the air
or water emissions at the project area. This will be achieved through use of facility design,
which would minimize impacts to worker health and safety.
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Table 6.1: Impact Assessment matrix
Environmental
parameters
Land
use
Soil &
geology
Water
quality
Air
quality
Noise Flora &
fauna
Jobs Population
density
Project Activities
Land acquisition
Land clearing
Civil
Construction
work
Water supply
Mechanical & Electrical erection
Transport
Accommodation
of Labour
Operation phase
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7. Environmental Management Plan
7.1. Introduction
This document provides the environmental management plan (EMP) of the proposed
project. As per the environmental legislation in Pakistan, the EMP for the operations
phase, along with other documents, is to be submitted to the relevant environmental
protection agency prior to the project commissioning in order to obtain confirmation for
compliance and environmental approval for project operation.
7.2. Purpose and Objectives of the EMP
The primary objectives of the EMP are to:
• Facilitate the implementation of the mitigation measures identified for construction
phase in the EIA
• Define the responsibilities of the project proponent and contractor and provide a
means of effective communication of environmental issues between them
• Identify monitoring parameters in order to ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation
measures
• Provide a mechanism for taking timely action in the face of unanticipated
environmental situations
• Identify training requirements at various levels.
• The EMP is prepared on the basis of the details currently available on the
construction phase of the project. As construction contractor is appointed and
further information, the EMP will be amended to reflect the change. However, no
mitigation measures committed in the EMP can be changed.
7.3 Management Responsibilities
The responsibilities of the client and contractor are briefly described below:
• Primary responsibilities:
• As regards environmental performance during the project, the respective highest-
ranking officers in the country will assume the primary responsibilities on behalf of
both the project proponent and contractor.
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• OGDCL’s Project Manager will be responsible for EIA and EMP compliance
throughout the project on behalf of the company itself.
• OGDCL will coordinate with the concerned government departments.
• Project management and quality control:
• Carrying out construction activities in an environmentally sound manner during the
project will be the responsibility of the contractor’s site manager.
• OGDCL’s Construction representative will be responsible for the overall
environmental soundness of all field operations Specific roles and responsibilities
for environmental monitoring are provided in Table 7.1.
7.4. Construction Phase EMP
7.4.1 Components of the EMP
The EMP consists of the following:
• Mitigation plan
• Monitoring Plan
• Communication and documentation
• Change management
• Environmental training
7.4.2. Mitigation Plan
The mitigation plan is a key component of the EMP. It lists all the mitigation measures
identified in the EIA and the associated environmental or social aspect. The mitigation
measures for plant construction are presented in Table 7.2. The measures are organized
under the following environmental aspects of the project activities:
• Construction noise control plan
• Dust emission
• Vehicle and equipment exhaust
• Water conservation plan
• Community safety plan
• Soil contamination
• Hazardous and non-hazardous waste management plan
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7.4.3 Monitoring Plan
Environmental monitoring is a vital component of the environmental management plan.
It is the mechanism through which the effectiveness of the environmental management
plan in protecting the environment is measured. The feedback provided by the
environmental monitoring is instrumental in identifying any problems and planning
corrective actions.
7.4.4 Objectives of Monitoring
The main objectives of the environmental monitoring during the construction phase of
the proposed expansion plan will be:
• To provide a mechanism to determine whether the project construction contractors
are carrying out the project in conformity with the EMP
• To identify areas where the impacts of the projects are exceeding the criteria of
significance and, therefore, require corrective actions
• To document the actual project impacts on physical, biological, and socioeconomic
receptors, quantitatively where possible, in order to design better and more effective
mitigation measures
• To provide data for preparing the monitoring report to be submitted to the SEPA
after the completion of the construction phase.
7.4.5 Environmental Monitoring
A) Environmental Monitoring during Construction Phase
The environmental monitoring of the proposed project is principally a tool to ensure that
the environmental control measures required in the EIA are strictly adhered to during the
project activity. The objectives of the environmental monitoring will be to:
• Systematically observe the activities undertaken by the contractors or any other
person associated with the project
• Verify that the activities are undertaken in compliance with the EIA and other
conditions identified by OGDCL
• Document and communicate the observations to the concerned person(s) of OGDCL
so that any corrective measures, if required, can be taken in a timely fashion
• Maintain a record of all incidents of environmental significance and related actions
and corrective measures
• Prepare periodic reports of the environmental performance of OGDCL and its
contractors.
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The mitigation plan provided will be used as a management and monitoring tool for
environmental monitoring. The remaining checklists will be developed by the
Independent Monitoring Consultant on the basis of the mitigation plan.
Environmental monitoring will be the responsibility of all organizations involved in the
project, i.e., OGDCL, the contractors, and the Independent Monitoring Consultant. It will
be carried out by the following: Independent Monitoring Consultant
• Project Proponents’ Environment Coordinator and HSE QC
• IMC’s field monitors
• Contractors’ Environment Officers.
Specific environmental monitoring control measures are described below:
Construction of Camps
Construction camps will be established and operated in a manner that ensures minimum
environmental impacts. In particular, the following measures will be taken.
• Photographs will be taken to record the conditions before setting-up camp.
• Camps will not be established within a 300-m radius of any water body or dry
streambeds.
• Camps will be established in the existing clearings.
• If creating a clearing for a camp site is unavoidable, the damage to topsoil and
vegetation will be minimized: root stock will not be destroyed; trees and bushes will
not be burnt, and will not be disposed of in any water body or dry streambed.
• Camps will be kept as small as possible.
• No water will be drawn from the local water sources unless it is established that they
have sufficient capacity to meet the requirements of the local community, as well as
the camp.
• The natural drainage will not be disturbed.
• Local wood will not be used for building fires or cooking.
• A sufficient quantity of waste bins will be placed around the camp.
Waste Disposal
Waste disposal will be carried out in a manner that environmental impact is negligible.
The following specific measures will be adopted:
Concrete septic tank(s) will be used for sewage treatment, and outlets will be released in
sumps.
• Sumps will be built in absorbent soil down slope from the camp. They will be:
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o Large enough to contain the camp wastewater and rainwater.
o Built in a way that prevents the entry of surface water.
• Covered to reduce access of insects and animals.
• Sumps will not be built within 300m of any water hole, stream or dry streambed; the
bottom of the sump will be above the groundwater level.
• Food wastes will be disposed in waste bins at suitable locations around the camps.
• Waste bins will be emptied daily; the Contractor staff at Site and the ash spread on the
ground will incinerate combustible waste regularly. Alternatively, the waste will be
shipped to nearest where municipal waste is being dumped for proper disposal.
• Hazardous solid waste should be incinerated.
• All recycle garbage will be collected and sold to local contractors.
Road Travel
During the construction, vehicles will be restricted to access roads and tracks. The
following control measures will be enforced to minimize environmental impacts:
• The number of routes used will be minimized
• Photographs will be taken to record the conditions of the routes prior to usage.
• Routes will be used according to the classification, suitable for vehicles, not suitable
for vehicles, suitable for daytime only etc.
• Vehicles will not be used off the existing roads/tracks.
• Travel on the access roads will be minimized through sound upfront planning.
• Vehicle speed will be limited to 40 kmp/h on dirt roads to minimize damage to topsoil
and dust emissions’ drivers will be careful and watchful of wild and domestic animals.
• Natural drainage will not be disturbed or altered; special care will be taken to
minimize soil erosion; soil erosion, if any, will be monitored.
• The use of horns will be avoided; pressure horns will not be allowed at all.
• Litter of cigarettes will not be thrown outside the vehicles; all vehicles will carry
adequate means of storing such trash, which will be discharged at the campsite or any
other designated place for this purpose.
Pipeline Construction
Some specific control measures should be taken during the preparation stage are described
below:-
• Photographs will be taken of the sensitive areas to record conditions.
• Cleaning of vegetation of felling of trees will be avoided.
• Where removing vegetation is unavoidable, vegetation will not be burnt or disposed of
in any water body or dry streambed.
• Natural drainage will not be disturbed; soil erosion will be minimized.
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• Periodic diversions will be used where needed, in order to prevent a route from
becoming a new drainage path.
• Streams and dry streambeds will be crossed in a manner that prevents damage to the
stream banks.
Vehicles
The following environmental control measures will be employed for while operating and
maintaining vehicles:
• Vehicles will be maintained and inspected periodically.
• Oil, fuel, acid or water leaks from the vehicles will be immediately attended; vehicles
with leaks will not be operated.
• All vehicles will have fire extinguishers.
• Special care will be employed during vehicle fueling to avoid spills.
• Vehicles will not be washed or services in the field.
• No vehicle-related waste, such as oils, filters, old tires or parts, will be left in the field
or disposed off inappropriately; all combustible wastes will be incinerated and any
remaining items of value will be sold to the contractors.
• All vehicles will be maintained in good working condition and properly tuned, so they
do not emit smoke excessively; the fuel-injection systems of diesel-fueled vehicles
will be maintained regularly for better fuel efficiency and minimum air pollution.
• All vehicles will have properly functioning silencers (mufflers).
Restoration and Rehabilitation
Cleaning and restoration will be carried out during and immediately after each phase of
construction and will be the responsibility of each team in their respective area of
operation. The following measures will be taken in this regard:
• The camp sites routes etc will be restored as close as possible to their original
condition, the photographs taken to record the pre project conditions will be used for
this purpose.
• All pin flags, stakes, signs and refuse will be removed.
• All concrete slabs will be broken and shipped to an appropriate site outside the Project
Area for proper disposal.
• Damaged stream banks will be repaired and restored.
• Re-vegetation measures will be carried out where pipe-laying activities have damaged
or disturbed vegetation.
• Erosion control measured will be taken where needed.
• Comp sites will be cleaned so that no refuse or wastes are left behind; the waste will
be properly disposed off.
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• All ditches and sumps will be backfilled; and extra cap of soil will be added at the top
to cater for compaction.
• Contaminated soil will be removed and be proper disposed off.
On completion of construction activities OGDCL and contractor representatives to ensure
that the required cleaning and restoration work has been carried out will carry out a final
inspection.
B) Environmental Monitoring during Operation Phase
The entire operation will be conducted with a strong emphasis on environmental
protection; thus, relevant practices will be incorporated in all construction and operational
activities of the project. During construction phase following type of monitoring will be
conducted:
• Self-monitoring by the well head development, dehydration and LPG plant
construction contractor: This will be essentially designed to ensure compliance with
control measures.
• Activity monitoring by the HSE Officer of OGDCL: Random checks on activities of
the construction crew to verify adherence to the control measures.
• Post-construction site inspections: These inspections will be carried out to assess
impacts of the project on the environment during and after completion of the
construction activity.
• During operation phase gas production facility field staff will carry regular
surveillance and monitoring of the pipeline system.
Environment monitoring is the process of repeated observation and measurement of one or
more environmental quality parameters to enable changes to be observed over a period.
These changes relate to the physical, chemical and biological parameters of various phases
of the environment such as air, water and soil.
The objective of the environmental-monitoring programme is to obtain quantitative
information on current levels of pollutants and to compare it with acceptable standards
like NEQS.
OGDCL should develop an environment-monitoring programme to include following
steps;
• Identify locations for taking samples of air, effluent and solid waste
• Sample collection
• Laboratory analysis
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• Conclusion of laboratory analysis reports
• Comparing the conclusion with acceptable standards, NEQS
• Initiation of remedial measure to bring the emissions and effluents to an acceptable
standard.
It is recommended that environmental audits by ICM should be carried out after
completion of gas Field Development Project to verify the effectiveness of environmental
control and to highlight areas of weakness in environmental management. The
environmental audit should focus at areas, which are perceived as giving the highest risk.
It is recognized that for audits to be truly effective they need to be conducted within the
overall structured management system. All staff is made aware to their environmental
responsibilities through induction and training courses conducted by OGDCL.
OGDCL has already made its policy for environmental, health and safety, and now it is
the responsibility of the OGDCL’s various departments specially the Environmental
Protection and Safety Department to achieve its objectives. These objectives could only
be achieved by applying the principle that the OGDCL's management especially the field
staff is assured that their performance not only meets but also will continue to meet the
environmental requirements
7.4.6 Environmental Record
Following environmental record will be maintained:
• Periodic inspection reports of Contractor’s Environmental Officer and OGDCL
Environmental Manager or his designate
• Audit reports
• Incident record of all moderate and major spills. The record will include:
• Location of spill
• Estimated quantity
• Spilled material
• Restoration measures
• Photographs
• Description of any damage to vegetation, water resource, or community asset
• Corrective measures taken, if any.
• Waste Tracking Register that will records of all waste generated during the
construction period. This will include quantities of waste disposed, recycled, or
reused.
• Records of water consumption with use wise breakdown
• Survey reports, in particular, the following:
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• Soil erosion: Baseline survey, including photographs (or video), will be conducted to
document pre-construction condition of the construction corridor
• Vehicle and equipment noise
• Ambient noise survey reports
• Vendor data—All vendors disturbed by the project and compensation paid
• Public infrastructure: Record of all damages and repair work undertaken.
• Employment
• Total number of unskilled, semi-skilled, and skilled jobs offered during construction
• Name and domicile of the employed staff
• Archeological resources—Record of any finds with photographs.
• Project and Community Interface
• Record of community complains and the measures taken to address them.
• Number of meeting held in various communities and persons who attended
• Environmental and social training records
7.4.7. Communication and Documentation
An effective mechanism to store and communicate environmental information during
the project is an essential requirement of an EMP.
Meetings
Two kinds of environmental meetings will take place during the project:
• Kick-off meetings
• Weekly meetings.
The purpose of the kick-off meeting will be to present the EMP to project staff and
discuss its implementation.
A weekly meeting will be held during construction operations at site. The purpose of
this meeting will be to discuss the conduct of the operation and environmental issues and
their management. The proceedings of the meeting will be recorded in the form of a
weekly environmental report.
Reports
Environmental reports will be prepared at the end of construction phase and later on
quarterly basis.
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Change-Record Register
A change-record register will be maintained at the site, in order to document any
changes in project design. These changes will be handled through the change
management mechanism discussed later in this document, and reported to the SEPA.
7.4.8. Change Management
An environmental assessment of the proposed project has been made on the basis of the
project description available at the time the EIA was prepared. However, it is possible
that changes in project design may be required at the time of project implementation.
This section describes the mechanism that will be put into place to manage changes that
might affect the project’s environmental impacts.
7.5. Changes to the EMP
Changes in project design may necessitate changes in the EMP. In this case, the
following actions will be taken:
• A meeting will be held between OGDCL and the contractor representatives, to
discuss and agree upon the proposed addition to the EMP.
• Based on the discussion during the meeting, a change report will be produced
collectively, which will include the additional EMP clause and the reasons for its
addition.
• A copy of the report will be sent to the head offices of OGDCL and the contractor.
• All relevant project personnel will be informed of the addition.
7.6. Environmental Training
Environmental training will help to ensure that the requirements of the EIA and EMP are
clearly understood and followed by all project personnel in the course of the project. The
contractor will be primarily responsibility for providing training to all project personnel.
An indicative environmental and social training program is provided in Table 7.3, which
will be finalized before the commencement of the project.
7.7. Operation Phase EMP
This section outlines the aspects that will be covered in the EMP for the operational phase
of the Sinjhoro field development project. The purpose of an EMP is not only to address
the expected environmental impacts of a project, but also to enhance project benefits, and
to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all projects works.
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Mitigation Plan
The mitigation plan for the project operation will be developed in line with the findingsof
this report and will cover the following areas:
• Plant Noise
• Wastewater
• Emission
• Water Resources
• Hazardous Material
• Waste Management
Table 7.1: Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental Monitoring
Aspect OGDCL Responsibilities Contractor’s
Responsibilities
Relevant
Documentation
Contracting Ensure that the monitoring
requirements are included in
the contract between
OGDCL and the construction
contractor(s)
Understand the
requirements and
estimating the
required resources
Contract between
OGDCL and the
construction
contractor(s)
Monitoring
plan
Finalize the monitoring plan
prior to commencement of
construction
Revised monitoring
plan
Resources Ensure the availability of
resources required for
environmental monitoring
Ensure the availability
of resources required
for environmental
monitoring
Project budgets
Environmental
staff
Designate an Environmental
Manager for the project
Appoint an officer
dedicated to
environment (may be
combined with health
and safety)
Job descriptions
Monitoring Undertake periodic
inspections and carry out
Systematically
observe
Inspection and
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surveys and
inspections
field measurements, where
needed
and collect data on the
environmental
performance,
undertake inspections,
and carry out surveys
survey reports
Environmental
audit
Conduct periodic audits of
the construction sites and
commissioning third party
audits
Conducting periodic
internal audits
Audit reports
Reporting Ensuring that periodic
environmental monitoring
reports are received from the
contractor(s) and review the
reports
Generate periodic
environmental
monitoring reports
and disseminating
these among the
management and
appropriate staff
members
Periodic reports
Corrective
actions
Verify that the activities are
carried out comply with the
EIA/EMP and identify
corrective actions, if needed
Carry-out the required
corrective actions
Corrective action
record
Maintenance of
record
Maintain monitoring data
and record of all incidents of
environmental significance
and related corrective
measures
Maintain monitoring
data and record of all
incidents of
environmental
significance and
related corrective
measures
Environmental
databases
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Table 7.2: Mitigation Plan for Construction Phase
No. Environmental or
Social Aspects
ID Measure Responsibility
1.
Construction
Noise Control
Plan
1.1 Periodic surveys will be conducted for noise
levels from construction equipments,
operational machinery and vehicles.
Construction
Contractor
1.2 Noise control measures will be implemented
if the results of surveys indicate non-
compliance to the acceptable limits. If
needed, restricted activity zones, will be
identified. Construction work within the
restricted zone(s) will be managed.
Construction
Contractor
2. Dust Emission
Control Plan
2.1 Water will be sprinkled on all exposed
surfaces to suppress emission of dust
Frequency of sprinkling will be kept such that
the dust remains under control.
Construction
Contractor
2.2 Dust emission from soil piles and aggregate
storage stockpiles will be reduced by keeping
the material moist by sprinkling of water at
appropriate frequency or erecting windshield
walls on three sides of the piles such that the
wall project
0.5 m above the pile, or covering the pile, for
example with tarpaulin or thick plastic sheets,
to prevent emission.
Construction
Contractor
3. Vehicle and
Equipment
Exhaust Control
Plan
3.1 All vehicles, generators and other equipment
used during the construction will be tuned
and maintained in good working condition in
order to minimize emission of pollutants
Construction
Contractor
3.2 The stack height of the generators will be at
least 3 m above the ground
Construction
Contractor
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4. Water
Conservation
Plan
4.1 Groundwater being extracted for
constructional activities would be recorded
Construction
Contractor
4.2 Where possible, water would be recycled Construction
Contractor
5. Community
Safety Plan
5.1 The fence surrounding the site will be put in
on during the construction to prevent access
to the construction site
Construction
Contractor
5.2 All entry points into the construction area
will be staffed 24 hours a day
Construction
Contractor
5.3 Flagmen and traffic controllers employed by
OGDCL will be put on the access road to
direct the project related traffic
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
5.4 Speed limit of 10 km/h will be maintained on
the section of the access road that is adjacent
to the village
Construction
Contractor
5.5 Nighttime driving of project vehicles will be
limited where possible
Construction
Contractor
5.6 Work areas outside the proposed plant site,
especially where machinery is involved will
be roped off
Construction
Contractor
5.7 No machinery will be left unattended,
particularly in running condition
Construction
Contractor
6. Soil
Contamination
6.1 Spill prevention trays will be provided and
used at refueling locations
Construction
Contractor
6.2 On-site maintenance of construction vehicles
and equipment will be avoided as far as
possible
Construction
Contractor
6.3 In case on-site maintenance is unavoidable,
tarpaulin or other impermeable material will
be spread on the ground to prevent
Construction
Contractor
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contamination of soil.
6.4 Regular inspections will be carried out to
detect leakages in construction vehicles and
equipment
Construction
Contractor
6.5 All vehicles will be washed in external
commercial facilities
Construction
Contractor
6.6 Fuels, lubricants, and chemicals will be
stored in covered bounded areas, underlain
with impervious lining.
Construction
Contractor
6.7 Appropriate arrangements, including shovels,
plastic bags and absorbent materials, will be
available near fuel and oil storage areas.
Construction
Contractor
6.8 Contaminated soil will be removed from the
site and will be disposed off safely
Construction
Contractor
6.9 Emergency plan for spill management will be
prepared and inducted to the staff for any
incident of spill
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
7. Hazardous and
Non-
Hazardous Waste
Management
Plan
7.1 Recyclable material will be separated at
source and delivered to a designated waste
recycler
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
7.2 Waste bins for the construction waste will be
constructed inside the plant boundary. No
waste will be dumped at any location outside
the boundary
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
7.3 All hazardous waste will be separated from
other wastes; hazardous waste such as oily
waste will be disposed of through licensed
oily waste contractors
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
7.4 On-site storage facility for hazardous waste
will be developed to hold hazardous waste
until an off-site hazardous waste disposal
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
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facility is available
7.5 Records of all waste generated during the
construction period will be maintained
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
7.6 Quantities of waste disposed, recycled, or
reused will be logged on a Waste Tracking
Register
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
7.7 All non-hazardous waste material that cannot
be recycled or reused will be disposed off
safely and properply.
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
7.8 The possibility of returning the packaging to
the manufacturers for reuse will be explored.
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
7.9 Chemical containers (including partially full
containers) will be returned to vendors
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
7.10 An emergency response plan will be
developed for the hazardous waste (and
substances)
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
7.11 Training will be provided to personnel for
identification, segregation, and management
of waste
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
7.12 All containers of hazardous waste will be
appropriately labeled
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
7.13 Equipment and material containing asbestos,
poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and
ozone depleting substances (ODSs) will not
be used.
Construction
Contractor,
OGDCL
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Table 7.3: Training Program
Target Audience Trainers Contents Schedule
Selected
management staff
from contractor
Contractor Key findings of EIA Mitigation
measures EMP
Prior to the start of
project activities
All site personnel Contractor Mitigation measures Camp Rules Prior to the start of
project activities
Construction crew Contractor EMP Waste disposal procedures
Prior to the start of
construction activities
Drivers Contractor Road safety Road access
restrictions Vehicle movement
restrictions Dust reduction Waste
disposal
Before and during
field operations
Mechanics Contractor Waste disposal Vehicle movement
restrictions
Before and during
field operations
Camp staff Contractor Camp operation Waste disposal
Natural resource conservation
Housekeeping Camp Rules
Before and during
field operations
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Annexure D: OGDCL Health, Safety and Environment Policy
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ANNEXURE E: Emergency Response Plan
Serial
no.
Contents
1.1 Purpose and scope of the document
1.2 OGDCL medical facilities
1.2.1 OGDCL field doctor
1.2.2 OGDCL field clinic
1.3 Medical emergency at OGDCL field location
1.3.1 Medical emergencies for example uncontrolled
high-grade fever, severe dehydration, flaring up
of gastric ulcer, burns
1.3.2 Surgical emergencies for example acute
abdomen, trauma, fractures
1.3.3 Insect bites
1.3.4 Medical Emergencies related to Road Traffic Accidents
1.4 Daytime / Night time Medical Emergency
1.5 OGDCL field doctor
1.6 Emergency teams
1.6.1 Emergency Response Team (ERT)
1.6.2 Incident Management Team (IMT)
1.6.3 Emergency Management Team (EMT)
1.7 Responsibilities
1.7.1 Team Leader
1.7.2 Operation manager
1.7.3 Party chief and administration
1.7.4 Manager Administration Islamabad office
1.8 Transportation of the patient
1.9 Emergency teams
1.9.1 Emergency Response Team (ERT)
1.9.2 Incident Management Team (IMT)
1.9.3 Emergency Management Team (EMT)
1.10 Responsibilities
1.10.1 Team Leader
2. FIRE CONTINGENCY PLAN
2.1 On discovering a fire
2.2 On hearing the fire alarm
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2.3 Fire fighting procedures
2.3.1 Protection of personnel -equipment
3. WEATHER CONTINGENCY PLAN
3.1 Fog
3.2 Heavy Rain
3.3 Sandstorm
3.4 Field operations
4. EMERGENCY SPILL PROCEDURE
5. EMERGENT RESPONSE PLAN AGAINST
H2S
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EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
1.1 Purpose and scope of the document
The objective of this Medical Emergency Evacuation Plan is to explain the line of action
to be followed in case of a medical emergency on Sinjhoro project activities and to
define the responsibilities of different persons. All the concerned OGDCL employees
will act as a team on both the ends i.e. Islamabad office and field location. Once issued,
the plan will be used as a guideline to deal with all the medical emergencies and will be
practiced through drills on monthly basis.
Under no condition the plan should be changed without the information of Management
in Islamabad, and any change should be followed, in not more than 24 hrs, by the
written report of the reason of the change from documented guidelines.
1.2 OGDCL medical facilities
To cover the medical problems on the field, OGDCL will set a well-managed medical
system, with contacts at reliable health facilities to take care of grave medical
emergencies. The brief description is as follows:
1.2.1 OGDCL field doctor
OGDCL has employed the services of qualified medical doctor for its project activities
in Sinjhoro area. He is responsible for providing the medical coverage for minor health
problems on the field. He is also responsible for providing first aid in case of a medical
emergency and to giving suggestion to management regarding evacuation of a diseased
person in case of medical emergency.
1.2.2 OGDCL field clinic
OGDCL will set a fairly well-equipped clinic on the project for the medical coverage of
its field employees. It will contain all the first aid material required to stabilize a
casualty in case of serious medical emergency and Most of Life Saving Drugs.
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1.3 Medical emergency at OGDCL field location
There can be situations in which we can come across medical emergencies during our
field operations. These emergencies can be:
1.3.1 Medical emergencies for example uncontrolled high-grade fever, severe
dehydration, flaring up of gastric ulcer, burns etc.
All such emergencies will be referred to the nearest hospital mentioned in the list of
hospitals. And in case of burn victims would be evacuated to nearest hospital in
Sanghar.
1.3.2 Surgical emergencies for example acute abdomen, trauma, fractures etc.
All such emergencies will also be referred to the nearest hospital in Sinjhoro if present
and approved by OGDCL Islamabad office.
1.3.3 Insect bites
The field clinic has the capability to treat scorpion and snakebite cases. However, all such
cases will be referred to the hospital for treatment on the decision of the onsite doctor.
All the daytime or night time snakebite cases will be referred to the nearest hospital in
Sinjhoro if present and approved by OGDCL Islamabad office. Field doctor will
accompany the victim to the hospital and will return after ensuring that the right person
has started the proper treatment. Company has a reasonable stock of anti snake venom on
- the field. Under all conditions these sera will be carried along, due to possibility of non-
availability in the hospital. If the snake has been killed, it will be carried along for
identification;
1.3.4 Medical Emergencies related to Road Traffic Accidents
All such cases will be referred initially to nearest facility (Annex 6).
1.4 Daytime / Night time Medical Emergency
Emergencies related to heart problem will later be shifted to Islamabad for specialized
care.
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1.5 OGDCL field doctor
OGDCL will designate a qualified medical doctor on production plant. He will be
responsible for the quick assessment of the sick or injured person, as per his professional
knowledge and the administration of first aid and stabilization of the person, who has been
reported sick or injured.
a. IF FIRSTAID IS ENOUGH
• Inform the Field In-charge about the incident and the condition of the person.
• Record the incident as a First Aid Case in the record.
b. IF FIRSTAID IS NOT ENOUGH
• He will stabilize the victim in the field clinic, or at the site of the incidence (if
required).
• Make Primary and Secondary assessment of the person and start the initial treatment.
The assessment form is attached with the document as Annex-1 of this chapter. A
copy of the form will accompany the patient in case of medical evacuation.
• Pass on the status of the patient to the Field Management. He will assess the need for
the possible evacuation of the person and discuss it with the Base Camp field
management.
The Field Doctor will remain in contact with the field management about the condition of
the patient and the Field Management will further inform the Operation Manager and
HSE Manager in Islamabad Office about the final plan. He will contact the hospital
authorities, as per the advice of the Field Management, and will ensure that adequate
arrangements have been made for safe evacuation.
c. IF DECIDED TO EVACUATE THE PATIENT
1.6 Emergency teams
1.6.1 Emergency Response Team (ERT)
This team shall be established on site and shall have personnel who are experts to deal
with the emergencies like fire fighting, oil spill control, man lost etc.
This team shall include the trained personnel, radio operator, and camp boss.
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1.6.2 Incident Management Team (IMT)
This shall be formed at the crew/field level normally headed by the party chief in his
absence Party Manager will fulfill his responsibilities.
This team shall include Party Chief, Party Manager, HSE Advisor, Chief Geophysicist,
Chief Surveyor, Drilling Supervisor, Cable Chief, Doctor, Camp Administrator, security
supervisor, vehicle supervisor and other responsible person(s) on crew.
1.6.3 Emergency Management Team (EMT)
This team shall be based in the head-office Islamabad. This team shall be formed for
managing the incidents/ accidents. Normally it shall be headed by the Deputy Country
Manager.
The team shall include Deputy Country Manager as team leader, Manager' HSE,
Manager Operations, Manager HR, Manager Finance, Manager Security, Manager
Admin & IT.
Additionally EMT shall be announced on weekly basis to confirm the members
availability and circulated among the clients and field operations.
Any incident! accident shall be reported to EMT by the IMT. EMT shall decide the
seriousness of the incident! accident and informed the Country manager about the
situation, who will decide if a crisis need to be declared.
1.7 Responsibilities
1.7.1 Team Leader
Holds the ultimate responsibility of safe and earliest evacuation in case of medical
emergency. He will be heading the EMT and will ensure that all the EMT members play
their role satisfactorily and in time to proceed with this evacuation without any
unnecessary delay.
1.7.2 Operation manager
Operation Manager will ensure that all the necessary support and help is provided for the
safe and quick medical evacuation and remain in touch with the field and the city
arrangements in this regard.
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1.7.3 Party chief and administration
Party Chief and Crew Administrator is responsible to ensure that overall field conditions
are suitable for the free movement of vehicles and personnel during the evacuation and
no security or logistics problem occur on the way. In coordination with EMT, he will
provide all the support for the quick and safe evacuation of the casualty.
1.7.4 Manager Administration Islamabad office
In coordination with other members of EMT, Manager Administration will support all the
facilities required for the evacuation activities towards Islamabad, or during overseas
evacuation. His support may include coordinating the activities of other EMT members,
arranging ambulance at Islamabad etc.
Field doctor will inform the Field Management about the status of the patient and will discuss the details about this Medivac, so that necessary arrangements for the safe and earliest possible evacuation of the patient can be made. Measures to be taken for the safe traveling of the patient be decided and documented. As soon as the patient is stabilized, evacuation will be done to the hospital, as decided earlier, using the best available transportation facility. The doctor himself or his nominated medic will travel with the patient, until he is handed over to medical personnel in the recommended health facility.
The names of recommended health facilities are mentioned in Annex-2 of this chapter.
1.8 Transportation of the patient A well equipment ambulance will be provided at the Sinjhoro gas production facility. 1.9 Emergency teams
1.9.1 Emergency Response Team (ERT)
This team shall be established on site and shall have personnel who are experts to deal with the emergencies like fire fighting, oil spill control, man lost etc.
This team shall include the trained personnel, radio operator, and camp boss.
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1.9.2 Incident Management Team (IMT)
This shall be formed at the crew/field level normally headed by the party chief. In his
absence Party Manager will fulfill his responsibilities.
This team shall include Party Chief, Party Manager, HSE Advisor, Chief Geophysicist,
Chief Surveyor, Drilling Supervisor, Cable Chief, Doctor, Camp Administrator, security
supervisor, vehicle supervisor and other responsible person(s) on crew.
1.9.3 Emergency Management Team (EMT) This team shall be based in the head-office Islamabad. This team shall be formed for
managing the incidents/ Accidents. Normally it shall be headed by the Deputy Country
Manager.
The team shall include Deputy Country Manager as team leader, Manager HSE, Manager
Operations, Manager HR, Manager Finance, Manager Security, Manager Admin & IT.
Additionally EMT shall be announced on weekly basis to confirm the members
availability and circulated among the clients and field operations.
-Any incident! accident shall be reported to EMT by the IMT. EMT shall decide the
seriousness of the incident! accident and informed the Country manager about the
situation, who will decide if a crisis need to be declared.
1.10 Responsibilities
1.10.1 TEAM Leader
Holds the ultimate responsibility of safe and earliest evacuation in case of medical
emergency. He will be heading the EMT and will ensure that all the
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2. FIRE CONTINGENCY PLAN
Fire is a major hazard in any situation where large number of people work and sleep in a relatively confined area. This Applies equally to a seismic crew and to a town-based operation.
Four essential steps in the control of the fire hazards are:
1) Reduction of the Basic Risk by:
• Restricting cigarette smoking
• Upgrading and maintenance of electrical fittings
• Posting warning notices
• Training -both in the use of fire-fighting equipment and in general awareness of the hazards and what to do in the event of fire.
2) Early Detection by:
• Means of smoke alarms
• Personal vigilance 3) Prompt Reaction by:
• Shouting "Fire, Fire, Fire!"
• Sounding the fire alarm
• Evacuating the tents and trailer
• Fighting the fire, if appropriate
4) Immediate Response by:
• Using the nearest suitable fire extinguishers
• Isolating the electrical supply, if appropriate
• Accounting for all personnel (Head count)
• Organizing available personnel to assist with fire-fighting, if appropriate
There shall be one Fire Chief! Fire Fighting Team Leader. He will form a Fire Team from available personnel if the fire team member not present.
When the Fire Alarm is sounded, the trailers or tents must be evacuated immediately and the occupants must proceed directly to the Muster Point.
A head count and search must be carried out as soon as all occupants are out of the trailers or tents.
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2.1 On discovering a fire
Fire extinguishers, Dry Powder fire extinguishers are located near the door of every trailer, tent and on each vehicle. Foam fire extinguishers shall be located near fuel locations.
On discovering a fire, you should immediately attempt to fight it with the nearest extinguisher UNLESS:
There is no extinguisher on hand OR The fire is near the exit to your room OR There is a noticeable quantity of smoke OR You are not confident of using the extinguisher OR The fire is visibly increasing in size. OR
A fuel tank has caught fire (EVACUATE THE AREA)
In which case, GET OUT AT ONCE AND SOUND THE ALARM
All personnel, upon hearing the alarm, proceed to the Muster Point immediately. Anyone near a radio upon hearing the alarm will make a general call announcing "Fire in Camp -Fire in Camp".
If a fire is extinguished, remember that it can re-ignite spontaneously. Do not leave the scene until it is assured that the fire is out and will not re-ignite. Then immediately report the incident to the Party Chief, HSE Adviser or the most senior person in camp.
2.2 On hearing the fire alarm
Everyone is to proceed directly to the Muster Point. A head count will be conducted at the Muster point. Following procedures are designed to insure the safety of Personnel.
• All the fire wardens will check the areas allotted to them. The fire team will approach to the fire scene under the direction of the fire chief.
• The Fire Chief I Fire Team is to proceed directly to the fire and carry out the crew procedure for dealing with the situation.
2.3 Fire fighting procedures
These are guidelines only to give a general outline towards getting a fire extinguished should the situation arise. Below assumes that we have a major fire in the camp area. Hopefully before it gets to this situation somebody has been able to put the fire out while it is minor.
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A fire fighting team will be set up from available personnel. This team will be trained in correct fire fighting procedure. Other crew members will also be trained so they maybe co-opted onto the team as required.
Eventually all crew members should be trained in the use of fire extinguishers and basic fire control.
2.3.1 Protection of personnel -equipment
The prime concern in case of fire is the protection of personnel -equipment is secondary;
The person discovering the fire should raise the alarm, immediately evacuate everyone from the area and notify the fire chief.
The "FIRE CHIEF" will be the most experienced in camp and will take complete charge of fire fighting and directing the "FIRE TEAM",
The senior member of the kitchen staff will account to the coordinator for their personnel, including the camp boss. The Cable Shop foreman will account for his men. The Camp boss will be responsible for accounting for foreigner camp staff and alerting the junior camp.
The coordinator gets a head count at the muster point.
At the same time the electrician will cut off the power to the fire location. Power should only be cut to the fire site as power is required for lighting if at night and also to run water pumps, if available.
The least people involved the better. All other people are to stay at the muster point. Should they be required they will be directed where to go and what to do.
REMEMBER THAT THIS IS ONLY A GUIDE. NOTHING EVER HAPPENS AS
PLANNED.
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3. WEATHER CONTINGENCY PLAN
In case of severe weather conditions the following precautions will be taken:
3.1 Fog
No one shall leave the camp until the Project Coordinator has assessed the situation and
is satisfied that the visibility is such that driving will not be hazardous. All vehicles will
travel with headlights on until the fog has completely cleared. Vehicles will travel in
convoy if necessary.
3. 2 Heavy rain
Driving in the rain calls for extra care and driving skills. The roads will be slippery, and
acceleration and braking must be made gently. Reduce your speed and be aware of olf1er
road users. Should the rain be heavy enough to impair your vision, you should pull off the
road in a safe location and wait for the weather to pass. Call base camp to inform them of
your late arrival and present location.
3.3 Sandstorm
The sandstorm will be treated as FOG. Visibility will be seriously impaired, and
disorientation is a possibility. Take care exiting the vehicle as the strong wind could blow
the door out of your grasp. Call base camp to inform them of your late arrival and present
location. If contact is not possible, the Man Lost situation may be started under the
direction of the PC I APC
3.4 Field operations
In all severe weather conditions the senior observer will decide upon the best .course of
action for the line crew and trouble shooters. Should the situation dictate, production will
be stopped and personnel ordered to take shelter. Department heads will co-ordinate with
their field units to decide upon the safest course of action.
All vehicles standing by on weather should call base camp and inform them of their
status and position.
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4. EMERGENCY SPILL PROCEDURE
Stop the flow as soon as possible
Use any safe, practical means at your disposal. Remember to locate and check the
operation of all valves daily. Remember that every gallon you keep from leaking is one less
to clean up later:
Contain the spill in the smallest possible area
Sound judgment is the key to good containment. Keep in mind that other regulatory
agencies have very definite ideas about what you can or cannot do with the natural
resources around the fuel site. If you use the material around the spill to create a dike, be
sure that it can be restored to its original condition after clean up is complete.
Report the spill through the proper channels and initiate clean-up procedures
Prompt, accurate reporting is imperative and should be done as soon as possible after
discovery of the spill. If the spill is minor and the clean up is obvious you should go ahead
but if a major spill occurs you should stand by for detailed instructions. Remember that
disposal of waste created by clean up has to be taken care of properly and not left to create
another problem .In some cases, this may require evacuation of the waste to a suitable site
designated by the authorities. In conclusion, you must do everything possible to prevent a
spill but if one does happen you should STOP THE FLOW, CONTAIN THE MATERIAL
and REPORT THE INCIDENT through proper channels, AND CLEAN IT UP.
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5. EMERGENT RESPONSE PLAN AGAINST H2S ACCIDENT
1. Duty of the Emergent Response Board
• To install an emergent response plan against H2S accident and conduct exercise for
H2S control.
• To closely collaborate with OGDC contractors.
• To pay close attention to well control.
• To effective measures for evacuation & first aid.
2. Member of the Emergent Response Board for H2S Accident
• Rig Manager
• Tool Pusher
• Driller
• Mechanist
• Assistant Driller
• Electrician
• HSE Supervisor
• Doctor
3. Preparation prior to entering the formation bearing H2S
1. To train everyone on well site with practical knowledge on prevention & first aid
against H2S accident.
2. To be familiar to the route of evacuation.
3. To check wind Direction Indicator, fire fighting equipments, air-breather.
4. To check the well control equipments.
5. If possible, agent for H2S control should be mixed in mud.
6. To drill strictly in accordance with drilling manual.
7. To take exercise against H2S accidents.
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4. Prevention against H2S Accidents
1. To establish a working mechanism under which two people should be working
together. In place that are vulnerable to attacked by H2S, such as shale shaker, driller
operation cabin etc, should practice such working mechanism. To assign a dedicated man
to observe all working people for their safety.
2. To install blowing fans at shale shaker and drilling floor.
3. To practice strict duty mechanism under which overflow should timely be noticed.
According to the well control requirement preventing H2S enter into hole, well should
timely be shut-in and killed.
4. To enter wind direction indicators at shale shaker drilling floor etc.
5. To furnish H2S detector.
6. To have 4m3 sand in place. To place two-8l, powder extinguishers at shale shaker, two-
8l powder extinguishers on drill floor, two-8L powder extinguishers on mud tanks.
7. All installation of cables and appliances on well site should be explosion- proof and
meet the safety requirements.
8. According to drilling Manual, adequate High SG mud, weighting agent and de-sulfur
agent should be in place.
5. H2S Alarm
1. To inform all people on well site of encountering H2S, to perform Emergent Response
plan against H2S Accident.
2. To evacuate in Up-stream of wind.
3. To contact rig manager for further action.
5.1 Measures for H2S Accident
1. To promptly evacuate people suffering H2S to safety place in up- stream of wind.
2. To conduct urgent rescue.
3. To inform Doctor.
4. To inform nearest Hospital for treatment.
5. To take further action according to rig manager orders.
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5.2 Evacuation Plan
1. To switch on single for emergent evacuation.
2. To inform villagers around wellsite of evacuation.
3. To take further action according to Supervisor's order.
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ANNEX-1
PATIENT EXAMINATION FORM
Name: __________________________________________________________________
Age: ____________________ _______________________________________________
Company: _______________________________________________________________
Adress/ tel #:____________________________________________________________
Any Known Allergy: ______________________________________________________
Blood group:_____________________________________________________________
Any Known Chronic Disease: ______________________________________________
Vital Signs:
Pulse: ____________ Temp: _________________ B.P _____________________
Respiratory Rate: _______________________ Apperance (Pale/normal):________
Primary Survey:
1. Airway (patent/ not patent):____________________________________________
2. Breathing (Yes/No):___________________________________________________
3. Circulation : (carotid pulse palpable or not):_________________________________
4. Haemorrhage (visible or not):_____________________________________________
Remarks:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Secondary Examination:
Area Examined Yes No Remarks
HEAD
• Any bleeding
• Any bruise or laceration
• Any deformity
NECK
• Any bleeding
• Any bruise or laceration
THORAX
• Any bleeding
• Any bruise or laceration
• Any deformity
• Any point of tenderness
ABDOMEN
• Any bleeding
• Any bruise or laceration
• Any deformity
• Any point of tenderness
• Soft or rigid
UPPER AND LOWER LIMBS
• Any deformity
• Any bleeding
• Any bruise or laceration
• Any area of tenderness
• Any pain during movement
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Any treatment given:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Time: ____________________________
Date: ____________________________
Doctors Signature: _________________________
Contract no.:_________________________________
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ANNEX-2
LIST OF OGDCL APPROVED HOSPITALS The list of OGDC approved hospitals in Sindh area is as follows;
• Liaqat National Hospital
• Dar ul Sehat Hospital
• Karachi Adventist Hospital
• OMI Karachi
• National Medival Centre
• Health Care Hospital
• Altamush dental Hospital
• Institute of Surgery and Medicine
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ANNEX-3 VECTOR BORNE DISEASES IN PAKISTAN
Pakistan being a sub-tropical country has a rich fauna of disease vectors including mosquitoes, sand flies, houseflies, biting midges, and other dipterous flies. In addition there are soft ticks, hard ticks, lice, mites, fleas, cockroaches, bed bugs which, account for number of vector born diseases including arboviruses. Research on vector borne diseases is sketchy accept for few. Major vector borne diseases in the country include malaria, leishmaniasis
OGDCL Existing Controls d. FUMIGATION: Fumigation will be done on weekly basis in the camp area to effectively control the spread of mosquitoes e. PROPHYLAXIS:
Anti Malarial tablets will be given to all crew once it is approved by the doctor and its frequency would be decided by him as well. f. PARASITE DIAGNOSTIC If ever reported with any case of Malaria (Symptoms) would be sent to Hospital Lab for recognition of parasite. Once established the type of parasite, the most effective medicine will be given as treatment g. MOSQUITOES NET/ REPELLENT We believe that the above controls would suffice but if needed, we will issue either mosquito net to the crew or issue repellent to the crew as per the effectiveness. h. RECOMMENDED MEDICINE FOR MALARIA TREATMENT Resochine (chloroquine)
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ANNEX-4 EMERGENCY LOG SHEET
Time Event Initials
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ANNEX-5
EMERGENCY RESONSE TEAM PLAN
Rear controller
OGDCL
Emergency response team
plant area
Emergency response team well
area
HSE officer
Engr. Process
Engr . Maintenance
Field operator
Two helpers process
Engr. Production
Engr. Process
Engr . Maintenance
Field Operator
Helper Production
Helper Maintenance
Rangers as per requirement
BACK UP TEAM BACKUP TEAM
First Aid team