WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

Basic Electronics Project

Group Members:Atif Ali (16FBSCSM046)Owais Anjum (16FBSCSM048)Tehreem Fatima (16FBSCSM059)

NEED OF WATER LEVEL INDICATOR: Over Flow Problems To prevent wastage of water To prevent wastage of energy Attention and observation For sustainable use of water and judicious use of

electricity.

Water Level Indicator With Alarm

The Water Level Indicator employs a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the water level in an overhead tank or any other water container. The sensing is done by using a set of three probes which are placed at three different levels on the tank walls (with probe 3 to probe 1 placed in increasing order of height, common probe (i.e. a supply carrying probe) is placed at the base of the tank). The level 3 represents the “tank full” condition while level 1 represents the “tank empty” condition.

COMPONENTS :Following are the required components for making water level indicator circuit:1. TRANSISTOR: BC547 (3 in nos.)2. Resistors: R1=R2=R3=300 ohm 3. Buzzer4. 9V supply5. Bread board6. Led’s (different colors)8. Connecting wires

Basic Circuit:

Details of Components:1. Bread-Board: A bread-board is a construction base for prototyping of electronics.

It is used for temporary prototyping and experimenting with circuit diagram.

2. Resistors: Resistor is a passive component used to control current in a circuit.

Its resistance is given by the ratio of voltage applied across its terminals to the current passing through it.

3. Buzzer: The buzzer produces sound. It is also used in alarm circuits.

4. LED’s: A LED is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p-n junction

diode and emits light when activated.

4. Transistor: In this circuit we use BC547 transistor, which is a common emitter NPN

transistor. This is basically used for amplification and switching purpose.

5. Connecting Wires: Few connecting wires are used for connection in the circuit.

6. Power Supply: A DC power supply of about 9V is taken.

BC 547: It is a NPN bipolar junction transistor. It can be used in circuits where voltages reach no more than 30V. It has high voltage ratings and lower noise in comparison to other

transistors. It has a noise figure less than 10dB. It is basically used for switching and amplification purpose in the

mentioned circuit.

Pin diagram of BC547:

Practical Circuit diagram:

WORKING: The operation of this project is very simple and can be understood easily. In our project “water level

indicator” there are 3 main conditions: There is no water or very less water available in the source tank. Intermediate level . There is ample amount of water available in the source tank or about to overflow. So let us discuss on the more about these 3 conditions After establishing the required connection as shown in the circuit diagram, we place the other ends of

the three wires which are connected to the base of the three transistors into a bowl at three different levels of height.

Suppose wire1 is at a lower height. Wire2 at a medium height Wire3 at a height from which water is supposed to overflow. As we start pouring water into the bowl, the water level touches the first wire (Wire1) which is at a

lower level and the circuit gets completed and current starts flowing and the first led (D1) glows. Gradually, as the level of water goes on increasing the other two LEDs (D2 and D3 glows) indicating

that the water has reached to maximum height. As the water level crosses the maximum limit, the buzzer starts beeping and thus sends an alarm so

that we can stop the supply of the water. Thus, this simple circuit depicts how a Simple water level indicator help us in preventing the flow of

water and further help in reducing the wastage of water and power. So, it turns us to be a very useful appliance which can used.

Applications: Automatic Water level Controller can be used in Hotels, Factories,

Homes Apartments, Commercial Complexes, Drainage, etc., It can be fixed for single phase motor, Single Phase Submersibles, Three Phase motors. (For Single Phase Submersible Starter is necessary) and open well, Bore well and Sump. We can control two motor and two sumps and two overhead tanks by single unit.

Automatic water level controller will automatically START the pump set as soon as the water level falls below the predetermined level (usually 1/2 tank) and shall SWITCH OFF the pump set as soon as tank is full.

Fuel level indicator in vehicles. Liquid level indicator in the huge containers in the companies.

THANK YOU!