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Social Contract Theory: Thomas
Hobbes&
Utilitarian TheoryBy: Jessica Sensbach
Slide 1
Social Contract Theory: Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679
Born in Wiltshire England April 5th
Lived during the English civil war 1642-1648
Slide 2
State of Nature
According to Hobbes people are self-interested
Man’s natural state in nature is a state of war
“Life in the state of nature is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
Slide 3
Social Contract
Designed to maintain Social order
People give up some rights to an authority or government to receive social order through law
To avoid “ war of all against all” this contract is necessary to protect us from ourselves
Slide 4
No Exceptions
http://www.examiner.com/x-27388-Long-Island-Crime-Examiner~y2009m11d21-Pop-Stars-Visit-to-Local-Mall-Ends-in-Riot
Even young girls are naturally self-interested over simple things
Slide 5
Utilitarian Theory
Greatest good for the greatest number of people
Greatest happiness principle
Slide 6
Utility
Jeremy Bentham 1748-1832"nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure."
Punishment is necessary for deterrence
Punishment should fit crime
Slide 7
Shortcomings of Utility
Is it okay to torture or sacrifice few for the happiness of many? Sometimes...
Death penalty
http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ap/tx/6727882.html
Slide 8
Social Contract v. Utility
Designed to maintain social order
Both justify some type of punishment
People willing to give up something in order to enter the contract or utility
To some extent self-interested
Slide 9
Hobbes Theory v. Bentham Theory
For Hobbes’s theory, people are self-interested no matter what
For Bentham, people are only as good as the good they bring for the majority
Slide 10
Works CitedIep.utm.edu:Social Contract Theory. Retrieved November 19, 2009, from the Internet Encyclopedia of philosophy website. http://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/#SH2a
Political Philosophy. Films Media Group, 0. Films On Demand. Web. 28 November 2009. <http://digital.films.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/play/EPB2KK>
Bentham, J. (2000 [1798]). "Jeremy Bentham,'A Utilitarian Theory of Punishment from "Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789)." In R. C. Solomon & M. C. Murphy (Eds.), What Is Justice?: Classic and Contemporary Readings. (pp. 215-220). New York: Oxford University Press
Films for the Humanities and Sciences."Ethics: What is Right?" 2004. Online video clip. Arizona Universities Library Consortium. FMG Video On Demand. Accessed on 2 November 2009. http://digital.films.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/play/DZTSSQ
Slide 11