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Group structure.y Size -2 members.

y Goals .

y 3 members .

y Their immediate goal wasdestruction of the BritishEmpire and completeindependence.

y They had no inclination to workout a political alternative.

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y Group synergy.

y Support and commitment.

y More than 3.

y The whole group was very supportiveand committed wards each other. Theyexpress commitment towards socialismand formed Naujawan Bharat Sabha

(NBS).

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y Group norms. y Norms pertaining to

performance relatedprocesses.

y Social arrangements.

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Types of groups.Examples

y Command groups.

y Task groups.y Functional groups.

y Interest groups.

y

Friendship groups.y Reference groups.

y Academic department.

y Assigned tasks.y Customer service

department.

y Specific interest.

y

Similar social activity.y Social comparision.

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Decision making

y Standard agenda.

y Brainstorming.

y Nominal group technique.

y Final decision.

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Task orientedy Initiator-contributor: Generates new ideas.

y Information-seeker: Asks for information about the task.

y Opinion-seeker: Asks for the input from the group about its values.

y Information-giver: Offers facts or generalization to the group.

y Opinion-giver: States his or her beliefs about a group issue.

y Elaborator: Explains ideas within the group, offers examples to clarifyideas.

y Coordinator: Shows the relationships between ideas.

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Social groupsy Encourager: Praises the ideas of others.

y Harmonizer: Mediates differences between group members.

y Compromiser: Moves group to another position that is favored by all

group members.y Gatekeeper/expediter: Keeps communication channels open.

y Standard Setter: Suggests standards or criteria for the group to achieve.

y Group observer: Keeps records of group activities and uses thisinformation to offer feedback to the group.

y Follower: Goes along with the group and accepts the group's ideas.

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Individualistic Rolesy Aggressor: Attacks other group members, deflates the status of others, and

other aggressive behavior.

y Blocker: Resists movement by the group.

y

Recognition seeker: Calls attention to himself or herself.y Self-confessor: Seeks to disclose nongroup related feelings or opinions.

y Dominator: Asserts control over the group by manipulating the other groupmembers.

y Help seeker: Tries to gain the sympathy of the group.

y Special interest pleader: Uses stereotypes to assert his or her own prejudices

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Crowd

y A crowd is a group of people.

y The crowd may have a common purpose or set ofemotions.

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Tragic event

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Modern theoryy The assembling process.

y The temporary gathering .

y The dispersing process

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Social aspects of crowds

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Psychological aspects of crowds.

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Crowd behaviour

y Panic situation.

1. Collective identity breaks down.

2. Selfish behaviours- pushing trampling etc.

3. These behaviours spread easily to crowd as a whole

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Crowd behavioury Unity.

One of the things which struck me about this

experience is that one minute you are standing aroundstrangers and the next minute they become the closestand most important people in your life. That feeling

was quite extraordinary

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Crowd behaviour

y Co-operative behavior.

I was very aware of people helping each other out andI was being helped myself

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MobyA mob is a crowd of people with one intent or purpose.

y Usually it is used to describe people who are out ofcontrol.

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Crowd into Mob

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Conclusion

Crowds in emergencies behave in ways that are

consistent with their social identities and governed bythe social norms of the situation.