final paper.pdf1

7/28/2019 Final Paper.pdf1

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-paperpdf1 1/5

International Conference on Advancements in Engineering and Technology (October 12-13, 2012)

Bhai Gurdas Institute of Engineering & Technology, Sangrur, Punjab, India

398

Construction Planning for Small Hydro Power

ProjectsMukul Dixit1, Gaurav Jain2 and Jaswinder Singh Sra3

1M.Tech. Scholar, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India2M.Tech. Scholar, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India

3Assoc Prof. & Head, Dept. of Electrical Engg., Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College Ludhiana, Indiae-mail: [email protected],2 [email protected], 3 [email protected]

Abstract—The most challenging job for such schemesis the successful planning and design of hydro powerprojects. It is difficult to develop detailed conceptualplanning and design criteria for it, as each work

arrangement will be site specific. All work have someperformance standards. The most basic thing is the plantwill work on normal situations or safe and secure in allclimatic condition and regular generation should be given.Although the planning, design, construction and operationof works is a very comprehensive task, it is being done upto date on the basis of past experiences and someguidelines. The design, construction, maintenance andoperation guidelines on the work of the Run-of-Riverhydropower schemes on very steep and highly sedimentloaded small rivers all such planning is done Bar chart onMicro soft project (MSP) software and pert chart has beendone on Corel draw software. Case studies are often usefulin order to identify the performance and thus to improve

work designs.Keywords: Bar chart, Pert chart, MSP, Corel draw,hydro power plant.

I. INTRODUCTION

This document is concerned with the planning forthe small hydro power projects before start theconstruction, the construction planning is done on themicro soft power project software and the pert chart hasbeen made on the basis of bar chart the pert chart hasbeen made on corel draw software. These hydro powerprojects are situated on the rural hilly areas. Thedevelopment of small hydro power around the world is

on the increase. Small hydro offers a wide range of benefits especially for rural areas and developingcountries. Governments, financiers, and developers arefinding new ways to fund and promote smallhydropower development. Efforts are also being madeto improve the exchange of ideas and technologyrelated to small hydropower. In all over the world Chinahas maximum number of hydro power plants. Theconstruction and planning is very important forcomplete the project timely when we do work accordingto the planning every task is completed timely and it

also tells the priority of the work i.e. which work isfirstly completed and then after starts second so timemanagement is very important for whole of the project.

In every government project the time schedule is givento the contractor i.e. the work will completed as percontract details. The particular time period or scheduleis given for complete the each task. As per the pertchart.

II. CONSTRUCTION PLANNING OF THE PROJECT

A. Bar Chart

For planning of a small hydro power plant there aresome procedures to simply the planning of hydroprojects. Constructional procedure is divided into two

Activities.One Activity is called pre-contract activity andsecond activity is called the contractual activity. In thepre contract activity there are some activities likepreparation of bid documents, which is used as aspecification of items. These item specifications andquantity are mentioned in the bid document. The time tocomplete the bid document is about approx one monthwhich is shown in the bar chart at Sl. No. 1.

After completing the first activity then secondactivity is started which is NIT (Notice Inviting Tender)that means a particular time should be given like onemonth which is shown at Sl. No. 2 to the contractor for

submission of the bid receipt against the notice Inviting Tender (NIT). Then after completing the above twoactivities, the third activity is shown at Sl. No. 3 thatmeans the bid is to be finalized and order will be placedor contract will be signed which has lowest bid andfulfill all the conditions which are mentioned in thetender document this is the condition for placing theorder to the contractor. After completing the precontractual activity more to the second activity, whichare contractual activities. The first activity incontractual activities is mobilization of contract i.e.





399

after signing the contract the contractor mobilized withthe work or some paper formalities which should becompleted within 15 days from signing of the contract

which is mentioned in the bar chart at Sl.No.4. The nextstep is starting the survey of the site for proper levelingbefore the construction, the time period which ismentioned in the bar chart is about 15 days aftercompleting the contract mobilization. After completingsurvey work, the preparation of drawing work andfinalizing the drawings is started like power housedrawing, Desilting tank drawing or other civil worksdrawing etc may be completed within 2 months i.e. firstmonth for preparing the drawings and the second monthfor finalizing the drawings, these two tasks

or activities are mentioned in the bar chart at Sl.

No. 6 & 7. After finalizing the civil drawings theconstruction of civil works should be started at theproject site. In the construction of civil works firstlystarted with the Diversion weir /structure and Intake,this is the civil structure that the water is diverted fromthe main river. This task is completed within fourmonths after completing the drawing which ismentioned at Sl. No.8. After starting the diversionstructure after few days the another parallel civil workis started which is feeder cum power channel thatmeans the water will flow through this channel thework is completed within 3 months which is mentionedin the bar chart at Sl. No. 9. Another parallel civilactivity is going on during construction, which isdesilting tank and forebay tank , the desilting tank isused to remove the silt which is coming through thewater, the silt is very harmful for the turbine blades.After desilting the tank the water is stored in theforebay tank, these two activities will be completedwithin two months, which is also mentioned at Sl. No.10 & 11. During the Construction of above items orstructures the penstock installation work is also going inparallel with this work. The Penstock is between theforebay tank and the power house building duringalignment the penstock metal support is also used. The

penstock installation work is completed within fourmonths from the contractual activity this is mentionedat Sl.No.12. Another parallel activity is the constructionof power house building, the time period for completingis about four months from the contractual activity whichis mentioned at Sl. No. 13 as per bar chart. Anothercivil activity is construction of tail race channel thatmeans after rotating the turbine the water is passedthrough the tail race channel, its construction period isone month after completing the above activity which ismentioned at Sl. No. 14. Another term is the material &

supply of equipment by the manufacturer within onemonth before the construction at Sl. No. 15. Aftercompleting the civil works now come to the Electrical

and Mechanical work activities. The electrical andmechanical equipment like turbine, generator, controlpanels, transformer, transmission poles etc. will reach atsite within five month from the starting of theconstruction; this is mentioned at Sl. No. 16. Aftersupply of these equipments at construction site, nowthese equipments will be installed at proper places likeinstallation of turbines, generators, transformer andControl panel etc. The timing of installation of theequipment is about one and half month after completingthe civil works activity. The installation works of theseequipment is going parallel i.e. installation of meteringand protection and installation of various station

auxiliary is completed within two months, butinstallation of transmission line work is started afterstarting the installation of metering and protection. Theinstallation of transmission line activity or task iscompleted in three months which is shown in the barchart at Sl. No. 19. After completing all the activitiesregarding civil , electrical and mechanical works. nowcome to the last point which is testing andcommissioning after few days. The power plant will betested or checked between the 15 days fromcommissioning this is shown at sl. No. 20. This is thebar chart for construction planning for small hydro

power project.

Fig. 1: Bar Chart of Hydro Power Plant





400

B. Pert Chart

In the pert chart there are two basic elements one isevent which is shown in the circle and the other is

activity. The event is a specific accomplishment that occurs

at a definite time and the activity is the work required toaccomplish a specific event the activities arerepresented by the arrows joining the two events this isthe pert chart of all the events and activities, the eventsare shown in the bar chart. In the above pert chart thenumbers is written inside the circle this is called eventsof all the civil, electrical & mechanical activities. In thepert chart the time for completing the one event whichis also shown on top of the event circle in therectangular box in the form of months, the pert chart isbased upon the below table. Construction activities have

been shown in the Bar Chart and Pert Chart the periodfor various construction activities have been taken asbelow. All such activities are interconnected to eachother some activities are started when one is completedand some activities are those which is done with theparallel of the other activities finally the work has beencompleted. The pert chart is shown below as per theabove bar chart. There are so many paths in the pertchart like 0-1-2-5-10-18-19-20 ; 0-1-2-5-11-18-19-20 ;0-1-2-12-13-18-19-20 ; 0-1-2-12-14-18-19-20 ; 0-1-2-12-15-18-19-20 ; 0-1-2-12-16-18-19-20 & 0-1-2-12-17-18-19-20 the longest path in the pert chart is calledcritical path. The critical path of the pert chart is 0-1-2-

5-10-18-19-20. Whereas the 0 is the starting event and20 is the ending event. The dotted line is shown in theabove pert chart which indicates the dummy that meansthere is no direct connection between them but itdepends upon the previous event.

The Activities is shown by the arrow which isbetween the two events i.e. the difference of the twoevents work, which is connected to each other, this isthe method or procedure to calculate the activity, theformula is used for find out the activities.

TE =TL2 – TL1

T0 +4 TL +TP TE =6Whereas: T0 =Optimistic time estimate TL =Most likely time estimate TP =Pessimistic time estimate TE =time activity. TL1 =most likely time estimate of event 1 TL2 =most likely time estimate of event 2

Fig. 2: Pert Chart of Hydro Power Plant

The above table indicates that the each work or

activity /task takes a day for completion which is

mentioned above. This is the complete table for eachactivity of erection, testing and commissioning.

The another below table related with the turbine

which turbine is suggested as per the net head (H) of theproject and also the specific speed is mention as per the

turbine and head firstly discuss impulse are of three

types (i) pelton (ii) turgo (iii) cross flow the minimum

head, maximum head and the specific speed is

mentioned in the table for this turbine. The second typeof turbine are reaction turbine(Francis and mixed flow)

are of two type these are (i) Francis horizontal and

vertical (ii) Francis open flume both of these type of turbine minimum and maximum head is mentioned in

the below table. The another third type of turbine are

reaction (Axial flow) these are of five types (i) verticalfixed blade propeller (ii) vertical adjustment blade (iii)

Tubular with adjustment blade (iv) Bulb (v) Rim. All

such types of turbine specifications are mentioned in the

below table.





401

TABLE I: T YPE OFACTIVITIES WITH TIME PERIOD

Sl. No. Activities days0 Pre-Construction activities1 Preparation of bid document 30

2 Notice Inviting Bid and Receipt 603 Bid finalization, Planning of order and

singing of contract90

Contractual Activities4 Contract mobilization 1055 Survey and Investigation 1206 Preparation of Drawings , Documents

and Submission150

7 Checking of Drawings & approvals 180Construction of Civil Works

8 Diversion Structure and Intake 3009 Feeder cum Head Race Channel 28510 Desilting Tank 25511 Forebay tank 27012 Penstock Installation 285

13 Power House Construction 30014 Tail Race Construction 33015 Manufacture and supply of equipment & Material 300

Electro-Mechanical Works16 Electrical and Mechanical equipment at site 34517 Installation of Protection and Metering 42018 Installation of various station auxiliaries 42019 Erection of Transmission line 43520 Testing and Commissioning 450

TABLE II: T YPES OF TURBINE WITH SOME SPECIFICATION

The systematic diagram of small hydro powerproject according to the construction. All the activitiesare shown in the below diagram like diversion weir,power channel, penstock alignment, forebay tank,power house building etc. The inside equipment of thepower house is not shown in the below diagram i.e.turbine, generator, control panels etc. the plan andelevation diagram is shown below. This diagram hasbeen used during before starting the projects the planand elevation has been used mostly in every hydropower projects.

Fig. 3: Plan and Elevation of Small Hydro Power Plant

III. RESULT

According to the above study which is based on theconstruction planning on small hydro power projects,

this is the proper method for timely constructioncompletion according to the bar chart and pert chart. The proper time or exact time given to the particularwork which is given in the bar and pert chart i.e. workwill be completed before approximate time Accordingto tender or contract time this is very good timemanagement system. According to this method workcan be started parallel with the other work. All this isdone to complete the work timely. The turbine selectionis the important part for hydro power project as per thehead range of minimum to maximum.





402

IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Construction planning of small hydro powerproject is very important method for completion of

project with in time period. According to this methodevery construction activity like civil, electrical andmechanical is completed timely for very short intervalof time. If the work is done in a short time the multitasking can be done parallel to each other. It is a propersequence to complete the work. As per the researchpaper the turbine selection as per the head, to completework in individual and parallel with other activities.

On the hilly areas if large hydro power plant is notsituated according to the climatic conditions like land,forest etc. A small hydro power plant will be situated onthat area, according to research paper this is bestsuitable and can be executed for the planning

consideration.

REFERENCES

[1] CE1353 construction planning & scheduling anna universityChennai.

[2] A Book on Small Hydro Power by AHEC IIT Roorkee.[3] PERT & CPM program evaluation & review by Dr. P.N. Modi.[4] Operation Research by R. Hari Prakash.[5] A Text Book of Power System Engineering by Soni, Gupta,

Bhatnagar.[6] www.voithhydro.com Voith Hydro Holding GmbH & Co. KG[7] http://www.iitr.ac.in/PageUploads/files/3_2%2520Guidelines%

2520for%2520selction%2520of%2520generator%2520for%2520SHP.pdf

[8] http://hydropowerstation.com/?tag=mnes[9] http://ahec.org.in/links/International%20conference%20on%20S

HP%20Kandy%20Srilanka%20All%20Details%5CPapers%5C Technical%20Aspects-A%5CA22.pdf

[10] Study of Detailed project report of Small Hydro Power Projectunder UREDA government agency.