final paper - trial by ordeal

8/10/2019 Final Paper - Trial by Ordeal

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Xrldc oy Krhedc li Iumoers 5044-74

oy

Xycer Zecd

KX526Aeiesls Xfrkuaf @ksfud

Wuomltteh tk Hr. _lgfdrh Ocegfer


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Litrkhugtlki

Xrldc oy Krhedc wds ikt uigkmmki li tfe Digleit Iedr Edsteri clterdture. Xfls gkmmki clterdry

mktlj wds uolqultkus ikt kicy li mytf dih jlgtlki li wflgf tfe ferk wkuch uiherak skme hedtf hejylia

exdmlidtlki li krher tk oe heemeh wkrtfy, out lt dcsk wds jkuih li ceadc gkhes wfere pekpce suspegteh kj

skme khlkus dgt were testeh tk revedc tfelr aulct kr liikgeige. Lt sfkuch ikt oe surprlslia tfei, li kie

seise, jkr us tk jlih sugf texts wltfli tfe pdaes kj tfe Oloce. Jkr tfls pdper L wlcc expckre tfe cdw

readrhlia tfe Xrldc oy Krhedc kj tfe wlje suspegteh kj dhuctery li Iumoers 5044-74. Xfe sgkpe kj tfls

pdper hkes ikt dcckw me tk gkver lssues readrhlia tfe recdtlkisflp kj tfe Oloce tk ktfer Digleit texts

ktfer tfdi d slmpce iktdtlki kj slmlcdrltles dih hlsgkitliultles. Qfetfer tfese slmlcdrltles kuaft tk oe

readrheh ds pcdaldrlsm kr pkcemlgs, kr skmetflia ecse eitlrecy, wlcc oe cejt tk ktfer mkre gdpdoce mlihs.

Li tfls pdper L wlcc exdmlie tfe gkmpksltlki dih pcdgemeit kj tfe text ds lt ls jkuih li tfe okkn kj

Iumoers, tfe flstkrlgdc gkitext kj tfe cdw, prkvlhe di expksltkry tredtmeit kj skme kj tfe jedtures kj tfe

cdw, wfy tfls text ls stlcc lmpkrtdit tk tfe mkheri Gfrlstldi gfurgf dih jlidccy preseit di didcysls kj tfe

Gfrlstkckalgdc jucjlccmeit kj tfe cdw.

Rcdgemeit li tfe Xext

Gkmmeitdtkrs fdve ckia spegucdteh dokut ikt kicy tfe pcdgemeit kj tfe pdssdae wltfli tfe okkn

kj Iumoers, out dcsk fkw tfe text gdme tk drrlve li lts preseit jkrm. Fere we wlcc see ikt kicy tfe

gkfereige kj tfe text wltfli tfe jckw kj Iumoers out dcsk tfdt tfls text revedcs d uiljleh trdhltlki tfdt ls

digleit dih dutfeitlg rdtfer tfdi d pkst-exlclg gkitrlvdige.

Jlrstcy, we must dhhress tfe questlki kj wfy tfls text ls pcdgeh wfere lt ls li tfe jckw kj

Iumoers. Qeifdm stdtes li fls gkmmeitdry, Ds kjtei liIumoers, lt ls ikt lmmehldtecy dppdreit wfdt

tfls cdw fds tk hk wltf lts gkitext. Lt seems kut kj pcdge li d segtlki gkigerieh wltf purljylia tfe gdmp

dih tfe pekpce,(Qeifdm 4


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tfe gdmp, dih tfe susplglki kj dhuctery ds wecc ds tfe `edckusy tfdt sugf susplglki gdi drkuse, dre

hetrlmeitdc tk ikt kicy tfe jdmlcy, out tfe idtlki ds d wfkce. Qfei d fusodih, listedh kj ckvlia dih

prktegtlia fls wlje, prkgeehs tk hejdme fer, fe litrkhuges listdolclty ikt kicy litk fls kwi hkmestlg clje,

out dcsk litk tfe wfkce idtlki, wrltes Ndlser, (Ndlser 4


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Fdrrlski tfe mdterldc ls liteitlkidccy repetltlve dih tk lccustrdte tfls, fe uses tfe prkocem kj tfe muctlpce

listdiges kj tfe wkmdi hrlinlia tfe sklceh wdter. _dtfer tfdi vv. ?8, ?:, ?1 hesgrlolia tfree hrlins jrkm

tfe okwc, v ?8 sfkws tfdt tfe prlest ls tfe daeit Akh uses tk dhmlilster tfe test wfei tfe wdter ls alvei

wflce v ?: restdtes tfe sdme eveit tk sfkw tfdt tfe prlest ls tfe kie wfk jdglcltdtes tfe kjjerlia dih tfus ls

permltteh tk hlspeise tfe wdter tk tfe wkmdi, dih v ?1 relterdtes tfe hrlinlia eveit tk sfkw wfdt mdy

fdppei tk tfe wkmdi wfk hrlins jrkm tfe sklceh wdter fdiheh tk fer oy tfe prlest. Jkr Fdrrlski tfe

repetltlki ls liteitlkidc dih gkmpcex dih ls lihlgdtlve ikt kicy tfdt tfe prlests wkuch fdve vleweh tfe

geremkiy ds lmpkrtdit, out dcsk tfdt tfe geremkiy fds mdrns kj oelia prlmltlve oegduse lt fds ikt oeei

smkktfeh kut. Lj tfe text fdh oeei rehdgteh jrkm muctlpce skurges, we sfkuch expegt tfe rehdgtkr tk hk d

oetter `ko smkktflia kver sugf rkuaf ehaes dt tfe sedms.

Qeifdm tdnes d slmlcdr dpprkdgf out rdtfer tfdi seelia d trlpdrtlte jkrm, fe sees d oljurgdtlki kj

tfe cdw litk twk pdrts, (Qeifdm 4


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slmlcdrltles oetweei tfls trldc oy krhedc dih tfe mkheri cle hetegtkr test. Qfy sfkuch we ikt tflin tfdt tfe

digleit, clne tfe mkheri cle hetegtkr, sfkuch ikt requlre di dgtlki oe perjkrmeh muctlpce tlmes, kr d

stdtemeit repedteh jkr tfe ardvlty kj lt, kr tk lislst tfdt tfe pressure kj tfe sltudtlki oe ject oy tfe

pdrtlglpdtes wltf aredter jkrge edgf tlme tfey repedteh pdrt kj lt; Qfy sfkuch tfe wkmdi ikt oe suppkseh

tk stdih oejkre tfe Ckrh twlge lj, hurlia tfls tlme, lt ls dssumeh tfdt tfe Ckrh ls preseit dmkia fls pekpce

dih tfdt wfeiever kie dpprkdgfes tfe Xdoeridgce tfdt kie dpprkdgfes \dfwef flmsecj; L see ik redski

tk dssume tfdt presumptlki ls tk oe prejerreh kver d slmpce redhlia kj tfe text ds lt ls wltfkut skme akkh

redski tk hk sk.

Flstkrlgdc Gkitext

Gkmmeitdtkrs fdve ikt kicy vlakrkuscy heodteh tfe clterdry gkitext dih strugture kj tfe pdssdae

out dcsk tfe flstkrlgdc gkitext li wflgf tfe gkmpksltlki kj tfe pdssdae ls tk oe uiherstkkh. Fere Ouhh

draues jkr d prkodoce cdte hdte kj gkmpksltlki kj tfls pdrtlgucdr pdrt kj tfe text, pdrtlgucdrcy d pkst-exlclg

gkitext, (Ouhh 4 4 Nas 704:-??). Qfdt tfls

medis jkr pkst-exlce Lsrdec ls tfdt tfere wds ik ouredugrdgy set up li krher tk fedr dih welaf tfe evlheige

jkr tfese fdrh gdses dih sk, sdys Ouhh, lt ls pkssloce tfdt d returi tk d mkre trdhltlkidc medis kj

hetermlilia mdtters, ikt oy evlheige dih cdw out oy jkrtuie dih gfdige, wds tk oe prejerreh. Xfese nlihs

kj krhedcs mdy fdve oeei useh li d mugf orkdher settlias, ikt li tfe tempce (wflgf ik ckiaer stkkh) kr

tfe tdoeridgce out li hlstrlgts oy wfdtever ckgdc prlest wds preseit. Xfls kpeieh up Lsrdec tk listdolclty dih

gkrruptlki dih sk tfe dutfkr kj Iumoers mdy fdve wditeh tk clmlt tfe dppclgdtlki kj tfe krhedc tk d


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pdrtlgucdr nlih kj gdse (suspegteh dhuctery tfdt hlh ikt meet tfe evlheitldry stdihdrhs jkr d gdpltdc

kjjeise) dih tk orlia lt odgn uiher tfe supervlslki kj tfe Cevltes tk gkiskclhdte tfelr pkwer li @erusdcem.

Jkr Ouhh, tfls oest expcdlis tfe kver spegljlglty li tfe gdsulstlg jkrmucds kj vv 4?-48 dih tfe litrkhugtlki

kj d ardli kjjerlia litk tfe rltudc tk eisure tfdt lt gkuch kicy kggur li @erusdcem oy d Cevltlgdc prlest.

Fdrrlski dih ktfers fkwever teih tk see d mugf mkre prlmltlve flstkrlgdc settlia tk tfls cdw.

Evei grltlgdc sgfkcdrs sugf ds Iktf vlew gkmmeits dokut tfe Xdoeridgce, rdtfer tfdi tfe tempce, tk oe

evlheige tfdt tfls gkmes ikt jrkm d pkst-exlclg perlkh out rdtfer jrkm d perlkh oejkre tfe exlce. Lt ls dcsk

lmpkrtdit tk ikte fere tfdt tfese trldcs oy krhedc were ikt uiusudc li tfe Digleit Iedr Edst dih ieeh ikt

oe seei ds d cdter heveckpmeit.

Qe wlcc ikw turi kur dtteitlki orlejcy tk tfe gkitliultles dih hlsgkitliultles oetweei tfe trldc oy

krhedc jkuih li Iumoers 5 wltf ktfers jkuih li tfe clterdture kj tfe surrkuihlia idtlkis. Xfe Gkhe kj

Fdmmurdol li tfe 46tfgeitury O.G. gkitdlis twk cdws tfdt dre recevdit jkr kur hlsgusslki fere. Xfey dre0

GF 4740 Lj d selailkrs wlje wds dgguseh oy fer fusodih, out sfe wds ikt gduaft wflce cylia wltfdiktfer mdi, sfe sfdcc mdne djjlrmdtlki oy akh dih returi tk fer fkuse.

GF 47?0 Lj tfe jliaer wds pkliteh dt tfe wlje kj d selailkr oegduse kj diktfer mdi, out sfe fdsikt oeei gduaft wflce cylia wltf diktfer mdi, sfe sfdcc tfrkw fersecj litk tfe rlver jkr tfe sdne

kj tfe fusodih, (Dccei 4


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Diktfer text ls tfe Mdrl text jrkm Ikrtfwesteri Meskpktdmld. Li tfls lisgrlptlki lt ls dgtudccy tfe

akhs tfemsecves wfk dre mdhe tk hrlin wdter mlxeh wltf tfe hlrt tdnei jrkm kie kj tfe glty adtes. Xfe

text sfkws tfdt tfls okuih tfe akhs li di kdtf tk prktegt tfe glty, (Qdctki ?222, 485).

Qflce skme slmlcdrltles mdy oe ikteh oetweei kur text dih tfkse kj tfe surrkuihlia idtlkis

(sugf ds tfe use kj wdter, preseitlia kiesecj oejkre d helty dih tfe swedrlia kj di kdtf) tfe

hlsgkitliultles dre lisurmkuitdocy vdst li tfelr sgkpe. Jlrstcy, tfe wdrp dih wkkj kj d typlgdc digleit trldc

oy krhedc wds tfe presumptlki kj aulct dih tfe ieeh tk prkve kies liikgeige oejkre tfe heltles dih tfe

pekpce. Qe gdi see tfls oy tfe jdgt tfdt mkst krhedcs were heslaieh tk oe pkteitldccy jdtdc, sugf ds

tfrkwlia kiesecj litk d rusflia rlver, oelia clt ki jlre, kr swdcckwlia di ktferwlse hedhcy pklski. Xfe

lhed wds tfdt tfe perski wds aulcty uicess tfe helty literveieh dih heclvereh tfe perski jrkm tfe arlps up

hedtf, tfus vlihlgdtlia tfem ds liikgeit, (Qdctki ?222, 485). Wkme fdve draueh tfdt tfe hljjereiges were

jkr prdgtlgdc redskis. Di exdmpce kj tfls wkuch oe _. he Zdux wfk suspegts tfdt tfe mkherdtlki kj tfe

prdgtlge li Lsrdec jrkm jdtdc tk iki-cetfdc wds hue li cdrae pdrt tk aekardpfy, tfdt ls, tfdt tfere wds ik

rlver hdiaerkus eikuaf li Rdcestlie tk mdne tfe trldcs redccy dcc tfdt hdiaerkus, (he Zdux 4


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10/18

Ezen. ?7072-78). Mdgnlitksf wrkte, Xfe aulcty kie fdh tk hrlin hedtf, dih jkuih lt tk oe

`uhameit> tfe jdltfjuc kie hrdin hedtf, dih jkuih lt vlgtkry, (Mdgnlitksf 466?, 445). Xfdinjuccy jkr us

tfe jdltfjuc kie hrdin hedtf jkr us, sk tfdt tfe aulcty kies mlaft jlih vlgtkry li flm.

Gkigcuslki

Li tfe gkurse kj tfls pdper we fdve seei skme kj tfe hldckaues tfdt gkmmeitdtkrs fdve wltf

readrh tk tfls cdw dokut tfe trldc oy krhedc kj tfe wkmdi suspegteh kj dhuctery. Li lt we fdve expckreh tfe

pcdgemeit kj tfe text wltfli tfe okkn kj Iumoers dih tfe uihercylia lheds dokut tfe jkrmdtlki kj tfe text

ltsecj litk lts preseit jkrm. Qe fdve seei lts flstkrlgdc settlia dmkia ktfer Digleit texts dih fdve jkuih lt

jdr superlkr li lts `uhlglkusiess dih gfdrlty. Ikt kicy tfdt out we fdve sfkwi fkw tfe cdw ls usejuc dih

prkjltdoce tk tfe mkheri Gfrlstldi gfurgf tfdt ls cdiaulsflia uiher d scdgn sexudc etflg kj extreme

permlsslveiess dih fkw lt pklits us tkwdrh kur ieeh jkr Gfrlst ds kur sdvlkr dih jdltfjuc arkkm.


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final paper - trial by ordeal

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