VOL. XXXVIII NO. 52 PAGES 40 NEW DELHI 29 MARCH - 4 APRIL 2014 ` 8.00

Animation offers Exciting Careers

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I. OriginThe concept of lean management wasoriginally developed by Japanese auto-motive industry with a view to re-buildJapanese economy which had been hitbadly particularly after World War II. II. MeaningThe dictionary meaning of the word"lean" with reference to a person is "aperson who is fat free or a person whodoes not have extra fat in his body".Based on this definition, the meaning oflean management would be "a man-agement that does not have duplicationof policies /obligations/ priorities/efforts/too many layers of communica-tion /multiple channels of direction".Lean management is characterized byits drive toward achieving profitabilityand productivity through continuousimprovement and resource waste elim-ination. Thousands of organizationsworldwide have achieved tremendousproductivity and return on investmentsby implementing lean practices andtechniques. III. PrinciplesLean Management System works onthe following five principles:1. Value - specify what creates value

from the customer's perspective. 2. The value stream - identify all thesteps along the process chain. 3. Flow - make the value process flow. 4. Pull - make only what is needed bythe customer (short term response tothe customer's rate of demand). 5. Perfection - strive for perfection bycontinually attempting to produceexactly what the customer wants. IV. Challenges to Lean ManagementLean Management System considersthe following seven types of manufac-turing wastes: 1. Overproduction - occurs when pro-duction should have stopped. 2. Waiting time - periods of inactivity. 3. Transport - unnecessary movementof materials. 4. Extra processing - rework and repro-cessing. 5. Inventory - excess inventory notdirectly required for current orders. 6. Motion - extra steps taken byemployees due to inefficient layout 7. Defective goods - don't conform tospecifications or expectations. Since Lean Management concept wasdeveloped by the Japanese AutomotiveIndustry the working of a motor-car isoften taken as an example to under-

stand the principles.(i) Effective and better policiesPetrol (fuel) is responsible for runningthe vehicle. Similarly, managementpolicies are required to run the organi-sations smoothly. As petrol should beable to run the vehicle pollution free,the better policies should be free fromany side-effects/negative impact on thefunctioning of all stake holders in theorganisation. The policies should takeinto account three aspects i.e globalcompetition should treat employees asimportant asset, resources need to beused judiciously.(ii) Clarity of objectives and goalsAll employees should have clarity ofobjectives and goals in their mind whenthey reach office to perform their duties.(iii) Coordination and cooperationThis is one of the very importantaspects of lean management. We allknow that a car runs and moves fastbecause of coordination among its var-ious parts namely accelerator, clutch,gear, brake, wheel steering and so on.No part can remain in isolation andeach part has to complement the actionof other part. Going by this concept we

can say that HR should provide conti-nuity and speed to the organisation asaccelerator works in a car; financedepartment should extend support to allother units as clutch in a car does to itsfellow part; training department shouldassess skill gap in employees and pro-vide them directions as steering wheeldoes in a car; vigilance should keep acheck and vigil on the rule and proce-dural requirements as brake keepscontrol over the speed of the car. Wecan continue to specify the functions ofother units in the organisation like this. Each unit is an integral part of the man-agement process and has a greatresponsibility and accountability tomaintain harmonious relation with oneanother. (iv) Infusion of fresh talentAs we change the engine oil that has out-lived its life with fresh engine oil at thetime of every servicing of car at regularinterval, we should infuse fresh blood/tal-ent from outside from time to time in theorganisation to keep it young, vibrant andfree from ageing.

Animation is the art of creating aseries of images that are slightly

different from the previous image andare quickly displayed to create an illu-sion of movement. This art has evolvedfrom traditional form of drawing onstones and caves to use of technologyin the modern day. Walt Disney's popu-lar cartoon characters such as MickeyMouse, Donald Duck, Goofy and Plutodrew the attention of people worldwide.Experimenting with computation beganas early as mid-1950s. However, theuse of computer animation in the mak-ing of feature films and television isseen since 1970s. Today, animation isthe main technique used in films to cre-ate illusion of motion. Animations are of many types. Theyare mainly Puppet animation, Clay ani-mation, Cel animation, Pixilation, PinScreen animation, Computer anima-tion. The other types include Classicaland digital 2D animation, flipbook, digi-tal 3D animation, stop-motion, cut-outanimation, paint-on-glass animation,drawn-on-film animation, and experi-mental animation. Animation involves skills of drawing,observing and capturing gradualchanges minutely and meticulously. Itinvolves several steps. Storyboarding isa process wherein there is a series ofdrawings that blends action with dia-logue for an animated film. Artists thenensure that the music is timed to matcheach sequence of action. The entire

background other than the charactersis then painted. The cartoon animatordraws the characters and creates aseries of drawings for each movementmade by the character involved in theframe. Each character is then paintedwith appropriate colours. Unique cam-eras are used to photograph the back-grounds and characters to create amotion picture. The work of cartoon animators involvescreating animated narrative sequencesby combining artistic skills with talent inmany areas such as comedy, drama,advertising and computer modelling.Professional cartoon animators usuallywork in teams where they participate inthe storyboard, typesetting and editingprocess of animation.Animators create drawings, either byhand or with electronic tools and thenuse computers to produce the chain ofimages that shapes the animated filmor special effect. They work with a teamof professionals to develop films, webpages, promotional spots and comput-er artwork. Today, thousands of artists are involvedin this art form across the world.Cartoon animators mainly work in themotion picture and advertising indus-tries. To develop as professional ani-mators, one must possess creativeskills and a high level of technicalknow-how. Advanced knowledge incomputers and programming areessential to excel in the job. For this,

they must possess a bachelor'sdegree. Various universities, collegesand art schools offer certificate anddegree programmes that combine artwith focus on new media. Internshipprogrammes give cartoon animationstudents a chance to fine-tune their ani-mating skills and prepare a competitiveprofessional portfolio. Among the other skills required tobecome a successful cartoon animatorcollaborating with a team of profession-als on storyboards, story development,directing, cinematography and editingis important. However, as creativeartists, they must also be able to workalone for long hours at a stretch. Thisrequires focus, concentration andimmense patience. Modern animation requires the use ofanimation software. Jobs for animatorsdemand that an animator is well-versedin computer programs like Flash, 3DStudio Max, Maya, Lightwave,Softimage and Cinema 4D. As part ofthe job, an animator needs to work withany or all of these programmes.The various positions an animatorassumes and the role involved aregiven here. Modeller - A person having strong knowl-edge of form, volume and anatomy. He orshe makes models for animation.Background artist - The job is to paintthe background of the characters in theproject.

Continued on page 40

Continued on page 40

LEAN MANAGEMENTA Way to Enhance Productivity Through Elimination of Wasteful Resources

Raj Kumar Joinwal

40 www.employmentnews.gov.in Employment News 29 March - 4 April 2014

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Layout artist - He or shedecides the lighting and cam-era angles and sketches thebackground design for the ani-mation.Scanner operator - The jobinvolves scanning the clean upartist's drawings.3-D animator - The artist takesthe sculpted, textured andrigged 3-D model and puts lifeinto it. This is done by putting inorder the key frames in such away that they appear to be life-like and in motion.Rigging artist - He or she takesthe modelled, textured 3-Dcharacter or object and sets itup with a skeletal system orjoints. This helps the 3-D char-acter to talk or move fluidly andcorrectly.Texture artist - He or she cre-ates a surface to the 3-D mod-elled character, object or envi-ronment.2-D Animator - He or she cre-ates a very high volume of sep-arate drawings that define ananimated sequence.Among the top companiesthat hire animators are:1. Toonz Animation India2. Pentamedia Graphics

3. Maya Entertainment4. UTV Toonz5. Heart Entertainment6. Padmalaya Telefilms7. Nipuna Services Limited8. Jadoo Works 9. Crest Communications10. Silvertoon StudioThe field of computer anima-tion is rapidly expanding. Thecompanies dealing with anima-tion such as production studiosand animation studios hirecomputer animators offeringthem a promising career with adecent salary.

Colleges and Courses: College : Picasso AnimationCollege, Banjara Hills,HyderabadCourse : B.Sc in Animationand Multimedia, M.Sc inMultimediaEligibility : 10+2 in anystream, Graduation in anystreamAdmission : Performance atcreative aptitude test and per-sonal interviewWebsite : www.picasso.co.inCollege : InternationalAcademy of ComputerGraphics, Hyderabad

Course : Bachelor's degree inAnimation, M.Sc. (Multimedia)Eligibility : 10+2, Graduationin any streamAdmission : Performance inentrance test Website : www.iacg.co.inCollege : AnnapurnaInternational School of Filmand Media, HyderabadCourse : Bachelor's degree inAnimation and VFXEligibility : 10+2 Admission : Performance inentrance test Website : http://www.aisfm.edu.inCollege : Jawaharlal NehruArchitecture and Fine ArtsUniversity, HyderabadCourse : BFA with Animationas a specialisationEligibility : 10+2 Admission : Performance inentrance testWebsite : http://jnafau.ac.inCollege : ICAT Design andMedia College, HyderabadCourse : BA (Hons) in

Communication Design withAnimation as specialisation,MA in MultimediaEligibility : 10+2, Graduationin any streamAdmission : Performance ininterviewWebsite : http://www.icat.ac.in/College : Anna University,ChennaiCourse : ME in MultimediaTechnologyEligibility : BE/ B.Tech inComputer Science/ InformationTechnology/ Electrical andElectronics/ Electronics andCommunication/ Electronics Admission : Performance inentrance test and interviewWebsite : www.annauniv.eduCollege : BITS, Noida Course : B.Sc Animation andMultimediaEligibility : Minimum 60 percent marks in 10th standardand 10+2 and minimum 50 percent marks in all the requiredsubjects at 10+2 level

Admission : Merit, rank andperformance at CreativityAptitude TestWebsite : www.bitmesra.ac.inCollege : St Joseph College ofCommunication, Kerala Course : BA Animation andGraphic Design, MA AnimationEligibility : 10+2, GraduationAdmission : Performance inentrance testWebsite : http://www.sjcc.co.in/College : AJK MassCommunication ResearchCentre, New DelhiCourse : MA in Visual Effectsand AnimationEligibility : Graduation in anydiscipline with at least 50 percent marksAdmission : Performance inentrance testWebsite : http://ajkmcrc.org

[The write up is contributed byTMIE2E Academy CareerCentre, Secunderabad.]

(v) Effective grievance RedressalsystemWhen an employee develops any griev-ance by which his motivation/moralegets low, the employee should be han-dled with care and his grievance shouldbe addressed promptly through effec-tive and quick Grievance Redressalsystem because it is the employeeswho propel the organisation to achieveits goals and objectives. V. Beneficiaries of Lean Management The concept of lean managementrevolves around 3 stake holders namelyOrganisation, Employees and Customersand their individual interests are:

Organisation- They achieve the targetof enhanced productivity and profitabili-ty through reduction in waste andexpenditure. Employees- They get recognition,reward, better and safe working condi-tions and motivation through socialsecurity measures.Customers- They get improved servic-es and quality products at economicalcost. VI. ConclusionThe concept of lean management,though developed initially by automo-tive industry but is being adapted inother services and sectors also. TheGovernment of India and PSU's havealso started recognising and following

the concept of lean management someexamples are:(i) Electricity directly at grass root levelthrough Rajiv Gandhi Vidyut Graminyojana are being provided by theGovernment of India.(ii) Efficient, better and economicaltransport services through running ofMetro Rail are being provided by DelhiGovernment.(iii) Regular and customer friendlybanking services in villages and difficultlocations including hill areas are beingprovided by SBI by opening newbranches at minimum cost.(iv) Hassle free and continuous supplyof PNG Gas through pipelines tohousehold in many areas at economical

rates are being provided by theGovernment of India.These are few of the best examples oflean management in India where entireemphasis is given on the customer andproducts/services are manufactured/provided at truly economical rates bystreamlining all involved processes,ensuring better coordination amongthem, ensuring better participation ofemployees and thereby reducing andeliminating the wastage of all types ofresources in the organisation.

(Raj Kumar Joinwal, AdministrativeOfficer, Institute of Applied ManpowerResearch, (Under PlanningCommission, Govt of India),Email : rajjoin@yahoo.co.in )

Animation offers ...Continued from page 1

Lean Management : ...Continued from page 1

The Election Commission has directed content managers of social networking sites to makesure that candidates do not post anything violative of the model code of conduct. In a commu-nication to major social networking sites, the EC has issued detailed guidelines for politicaladvertisements that include obtaining certification for contents before putting them in the publicdomain. The guidelines will be applicable to a range of Internet-based social media includingTwitter, YouTube, Facebook and Wikipedia.The Sahitya Akademy Awards for Translation 2013 have been announced. Among the 23awardees Sh. Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Punjabi writer has received the award for “RajKamal Chaudhary Dian Chonvian Khananiyan”. He is presently working as Editor, Yojana(Punjabi), published by the Publications Division.Noted writer and journalist Khushwant Singh passed away on 20th March, 2014. He was 99.Singh was best known for his trenchant secularism, his humour, and an abiding love for poetry.Born on February 2, 1915 at Hadali, now in Pakistan, Singh wrote classics like "Train toPakistan", "I Shall Not Hear the Nightingale" and "Delhi". He was editor of several literary andnews magazines, including the Illustrated Weekly of India as well as two newspapers, theHindustan Times and the National Herald, through the 1970s and 1980s. In 2007, he wasawarded with the Padma Vibhushan.India and China, on March 18, signed a memorandum of understanding on IT cooperation,which, officials said, was a ‘formal recognition’ from the Chinese government to promote Indiansoftware companies, which have largely struggled to obtain contracts from Chinese state-runcompanies. Both countries held their third Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED) here on March 18.The Union Health and Family Welfare Ministry has suspended empanelment and issued show-cause notices to five hospitals for disregarding Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS)cards. The hospitals whose empanelment have been suspended for six months are FortisEscort’s Heart Institute, Faridabad; Delhi Heart and Lung Institute, Panchkuin Road, New Delhi;M.S. Ramaiah Memorial hospital, Bangalore (two units) and Fortis hospital, Jaipur.Russian President Vladimir Putin on 18th March signed a treaty on Crimea’s accession toRussia. The treaty was also signed by the Crimean leaders who attended a special joint ses-sion of the Russian Parliament in the Kremlin. Mr. Putin said he was confident the RussianParliament would ratify the pact. Prime Minister of UK, David Cameron said that he would pressfor strong measures to be taken against Russia at the European Union summit. The USPresident Obama has also called for expulsion of Russia from G-8 group of countries.Over 900 new words and phrases have been added to the Oxford English dictionary (OED).Words born in the Facebook and Twitter era like bestie (best friend) or bookaholic (a habitualand prolific reader). Tick-tock is another jargon that has entered the OED. Alluding to the char-acteristic sound of a clock, a tick-tock is a work of journalism which presents a detailed chronol-ogy of events.

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