final ilm
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Why Ocean? Cheap mode of transport. Tried and tested
Safety Merchant shipping is the lifeblood of the world
economy. Carrying 90% of international trade with 102,194
commercial ships worldwide.
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Types of Ocean Freight Services
FCL (Full Container Load)
LCL (Less-than-Container-Load )NCL (Non-Containerized Load)
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NCL (Non-Containerized Load)
This kind of service offers the perfect solution for anoversized or OOG (Out of Gage) cargo.Most suitable for shipments which do not fit in standardsize shipping containers due to weight or dimensions.Goods can be tailor-made product for oversized loadswhich cannot be fitted into a container.This service is most suitable for complex projects suchas: turbines, vehicles, rig platforms, or any other rigidcargo.The service provider assign a dedicated team of expertswith the experience and resources to match thecustomers exact requirements.
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Seaport terminals handle a wide range of maritime cargo :-
Project cargo and the heavy lift cargo : Include items likemanufacturing equipment, air conditioners, factorycomponents, generators, wind turbines, military equipment,and almost any other oversized or overweight cargo which istoo big or too heavy to fit into a container.
Break bulk cargo: Material stacked on pallets and lifted into
and out of the hold of a vessel by cranes.
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Bulk cargo: Usually defined as commodities that areneither on pallets nor in containers.Ex. Salt, Oil, Scrap metal.
Neo-bulk cargo : Comprises individual units that arecounted as they are loaded and unloaded, in contrast tobulk cargo that is not counted, but that are not
containerized.Ex. Cars.
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Merchant vessel : Ship that transports cargo orpassengers.
Merchant navy : A merchant navy or merchant marine isthe fleet of merchant vessels that are registered in a country.
Most modern merchant ships can be placed in one of a fewcategories, such as:
Bulk carriers. Container ships : Cargo ships that carry their entire load
in truck-size containers, in a technique calledcontainerization.
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Cable layer : Deep-sea vessel designed and used to layunderwater cables for telecommunications, electricity,
and such.
Tugboat : Boat used to manoeuvre, primarily by towingor pushing other vessels (see shipping) in harbors, overthe open sea or through rivers and canals. They are alsoused to tow barges, disabled ships, or other equipmentlike towboats.
Dredger : Ship used to excavate in shallow seas or fresh
water
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Incoterm2010
Export-Customs
declaration
Carriageto port of
export
Unloading oftruck in port
of export
Loadingchargesin port of
export
Carriage(Sea
Freight/AirFreight) to
port ofimport
Unloadingcharges in
port ofimport
Insurance
Loadingon truckin port of
import
Carriage toplace of
destination
Importcustoms
clearance
Importtaxes
EXW Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
FCA Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer No No
FAS Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
FOB Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
CPT Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
CFR Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
CIF (BySea only)
Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
CIP Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
DAT Seller Seller Buyer
DAP Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer
DDP Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
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RegulationsThe International Regulations for Preventing Collisionsat Sea apply to vessels at sea.
The Code Europen des Voies de la NavigationIntrieure applies to vessels navigating Europe inland.
The International Sailing Federation has publishedRacing Rules of Sailing.
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Environmental impact ofshipping:Greenhouse gas emissions.Oil pollution.
Sound pollution.Ship impacts.Ballast water.Exhaust emissions.Sewage.
Solid waste.
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