final flyover copy
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PROJECT REPORT
ON
FLYOVER HIGHWAY
Done By: Sujit Prabhdesai
Ritesh Chodanker
Saiesh Prabhu
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Introduction
It is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in West India in
the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north and by
Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast. Renowned for its
beaches, places of worship and world heritage architecture, Goa is visited by large numbers of
international and domestic tourists each year.
Goa has two National Highways passing through it. NH-17 runs along India's west coast and
links Goa to Mumbai in the north and Mangalore to the south. NH-4A running across the state
connects the capital Panjim to Belgaum in east, linking Goa to cities in the Deccan. The NH-17A
connects NH-17 to Mormugao Harbour from Cortalim, and the new NH-17B, is a four lane
highway connecting Mormugao Harbour to NH-17 at another location, Verna, via Dabolim
airport.
Tourism is generally focused on the coastal areas of Goa, with decreased tourist activity inland.
In 2010, there were more than two million tourists reported to have visited Goa, about 1.2
million were from abroad.
Despite several traffic safety drives and an increase in the number of persons being booked for
traffic violations in Goa, the state's roads witnessed more than 12 accidents per day and six
fatalities every week in the year 2010. While from January 1 to December 31, 2009, there were
4,164 accidents and 310 fatalities on Goa's roads, about 4572 accidents and 327 fatalities were
registered in 2010.
In recent years we come to know that Goa is increasing its trade Transportation within Goa and
also interstate transpiration. More number of industries is coming in Goa and trade is also
increasing Day by day in Goa. But in Goa Trucks can¶t transport their goods in day time due to
Traffic in Goa they are allowed after 7o clock in evening till 9o clock in morning, so smoothtrade is not possible in Goa.
Flyover -an intersection of two roads at which one is carried over the other by a bridge
So to Reduce Traffic problems in Goa we have come with plan of building Flyover across NH-
17 road of Goa that will connect from North Goa border to south Goa border of the state. The
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flyover will be of 4 lane highway it will also connect the interstate roads to the flyover which
enters in the Talulka, city, and village. This project will help to reduce traffic in the state due to
above reasons in the state.
The will also help the government to collect tax, and will be revenue for the state of Goa. The
people will able to travel with less time. Time will be reduced and also fuel be consumed. The
trade will increase in state. The port is also there in Goa so though ships more number of goods
will be transported to Goa and also to the nebhouring state.
Goa current scenario
Goa has a total of 22km of national highway and 815km of district highway. Goa has two
national highways passing through it. NH-4A running across the state connects the capital
Panjim to Belgaum in east, linking Goa to cities in the deccan. The NH-17A connects NH-17 to
Mormugao harbor from Cortalim, and the new NH-17B, four lane highway connecting
Mormugao harbor to NH-17 at another location, Verna via Dabolim airport.
Traffic problems in the state
Goa is getting so crowded¶, is something we hear all the time. This beautiful state of ours is
becoming home to many all over the country and even to foreigners.
This obviously gives rise to traffic woes that go beyond description. Going into the cities of
Panaji, Mapusa, Margao and Ponda during the day, is like recounting a repulsion story.
Planet J team spoke to our readers to get their take on his problem.
³If you see the traffic during the day from Tiramol to Savordem, you wouldn¶t believe it. It is
absolutely crazy.´ Yes, it is getting worst every day and there seems no respite.
Nobody seems to be following traffic rules with everybody thinking rules are for others and not
for themselves. ³If police are around then maybe some people do follow traffic rules but mostly
I don¶t think so ³The traffic in Goa is too fast. Neither the old nor the children are given
consideration by drivers or riders, Traffic gives rise to many problems and one of them is delay,
in reaching for meetings, parties, functions etc.
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Trading activities are held back
As Goa is small state with a lot of emerging industries and continuous trading activities. Goa has
one harbor from where A quantity of over 33.81 million tons of iron ore is exported in order to
export the goods on continuous way there should be continuous flow of trading or transport of
goods. But due to traffic problem and narrow roads the heavy vehicles are banned to travel
during working hours and hence continuous trading activities are held back. This leads to the loss
of revenue to the companies.
Accidents/ narrow roads
Statistics available with the government for road accidents in Goa show that 70% of accidents
due to bad roads, 25% of accidents occur because of human error and 5% due to bad vehicles,
weather conditions, cattle and other reasons
The researcher feels that the major cause of accidents is bad or narrow roads, the broadening and
overall improvement of roads in the state or building up of flyover would help reduce fatalities
due to accidents. Most roads in the state are single carriage roads and motorists attempt to
overtake vehicles, but the narrow road causes accidents to occur.
The situation is further worsened as with a total vehicle population of 6.5 lakh, each traffic
policeman is responsible for 2380 vehicles. That is not counting the about 10,000 outstation
vehicles that visit Goa daily.
The state has a 2 lane highway where the width of the is not more than 3 meters whereas the
actual length should be 3.6 meters for each lane.
The Goa has only one highway that is NH-17B of 4lane from dabolim airport to verna.
Hence accident are another important that are increasing because of traffic and narrow roads.
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Objectives
y To reduce the Traffic of the state.
The main objectives of the project is to reduce the traffic problem of the state in order to
have smooth flow of the traffic without any problem, which will save the time of the
people while travelling and also less consumption of the fuel due to smooth flow of
traffic without any traffic wedge which leads to less consumption of fuel. This will be
possible only with the construction of flyover crossing throughout the Goa which will
help in diverting the traffic from roads to the flyover.
y Continuous flow of trading activities
Another important objective is to have continuous flow of trading activities in the state
and outside the state without any constraint to travel in the state. With the construction of
the flyover the transportation of the goods can be carried out with the use of flyover
without affecting the normal life of the people. This will also help in development of the
state and also help to earn the revenue to the state and the companies. This will also
encourage more industries to setup and also creation of employment to the local people.
y Prevention of accidents
As per the researcher it is seen that 70% of the accident are occurred due to the narrow
roads and traffic problems in the state and even the highway are not broad and even there
is no place so that the roads can broaden. In Goa there only one highway which is of 4
lane which starts from dabolim airport and ends at verna. So the construction of flyover is
one reasonable solution in order eliminate the these problems in state. With the help of
flyover the traffic can be diverted from the roads to the flyover so that there can be
smooth flow of the traffic and even accident can be prevented.
y To reduce Pollution in the State
With the increasing population and traffic there has been also increase in pollution due to
the traffic squeeze creating more and more pollution affecting the climate of Goa. So
with the help of the flyover the traffic can be diverted from normal roads to the flyover
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creating less traffic and having smooth flow of traffic and less pollution and also less
consumption of fuel
Benefits of the project
This project will provide various benefits to the state as well as to the people some of the benefits
are as follows:
y R evenue for the state government.
This project will earn the revenue to the government by way of collecting tolls from the
vehicle. The toll collected will vary from vehicle to vehicle for example toll collected
from personal vehicle will be less than the toll collected from the tourist vehicle same
higher toll will be collected from heavy vehicle and vehicles which transport good and
the toll collected from the other state vehicle will be more as compared to other. The fund
which will be collected will also be used for the maintenance of the project or for the
repair and the remaining fund will be transferred to the government revenue.
y Smooth flow of trade between inter-states.
This project will enable the smooth flow of the trade between states and inter-state. which
is not possible in present time because of increasing traffic and population in the state
which leads to traffic problems, accidents and other problem due to which the trading
activities are held back which leads to the lot of revenue loss to the state as well as for the
companies. So with the construction of the flyover this problem will be reduce and also
there will be a continuous flow of the trading activities.
y Diversion of traffic.
The project will help to divert the traffic from the roads to the flyover resulting in smooth
flow of the vehicles without any traffic problem which is the major problem in the state
and affecting the economy of the state and also leading to lot of accident. Hence with the
help of the flyover the traffic can be diverted.
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y Less consumption of fuel and prevention of the accident.
Less consumption of fuel will be another benefit of the flyover that is by diverting the
traffic there will be less traffic wedge hence less fuel will be consumed. And also
prevention of the accident because of diversion of the traffic and also the flyover will be
of 4 lane highway and hence there will be less traffic which will lead to reduction of
accident.
Business Case
Background to the Proposed Work
Goa is a small state. Goa connects two states, though Goa travellers and goods are transported within
3 states. So Goa roads are not wide due to small place and houses in Goa, Increasing number of
people and increasing vehicles in the state create more traffic in the state and Transportation flow is
slow in Goa. To Reduce Traffic in the state direct Highway will be built from north Goa border
to South Goa Border , the Highway will be of Flyover though the state. The flyover will also
connect sub roads to the Talulka, city, villages etc. Flyover will be the main highway in the state.
Objectives
y To reduce the Traffic of the state
y To Transport vehicles in less time
y Continuous flow of trading activities
y To reduce Pollution in the State
y Prevention of accidents
Scope
The boundaries of the work are the Project will start from north border of Goa and end till south Goa
border. The project will not cover entire roads of Goa only the highway of Goa. The flyover will
connect the sub roads of Goa which connect to highway.
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Deliverables
The project will be of high cost, to built the project it will require large amount of land, the flyover
will be built over the existing roads, Bridges, trough the cultivation land or though the new roads,
Though existing roads or by cutting hills and by extending roads.The flyover will pass thought
covering most of the talulka that includes Pernem, Bardez, Tiswadi, Mormugao, Salcete, Quepem,
Canacona.
Business Benefits
The business benefits in terms of people will be smooth flow of goods within state and neighbouring
state, More Transport of goods, less Traffic from local people.
In teams of Government, Toll tax to enter Goa all the transport, more tax can be collected from
goods transport.
y Diversion of traffic
y Less consumption of fuel
Assumptions
y Legal documentation and licenses will be approved by the government
y There will be no objection while acquiring the required land
y The projected time for completion of the project will be 5 years
y There will be easy accessibility of raw materials
There will be no problem or objection during the project
Constraints
People may oppose the project due to certain reasons:
1. Loss of land
2. Less price is given by the government for land loss
3. The Project may not complete in future or kept incomplete in some places of Goa.
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Government may oppose the project due to requirement of large land for the project. To find the
continuous peace of the land to form the base of the flyover. And also to build the flyover in certain
area where flyover is impossible.
y Political factors
- opposition party may create problem - Rules, polices and laws
y Economical factors
- cost of material , shortages of material , unavailability of labours
y Environmental factors
- Changes climate condition - Land acquisition
y Legal factors
- Legal laws (eg. health and safety law, anti-discrimination law)
R isks
1.Loss of land of people
2. incomplete project
3.Improper utilization of funds for the project
4. Poor quality of raw material used to complete the project this may lead to breakdown on flyover.
Other Areas of Business Affected
From this project business may expand more; more industries may setup business due to fast
transportation of goods or exchange of goods.
MajorDependencies
Entire the project will be dependent on the company which the company has made the contract to
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complete the project.
Stakeholders
The main stakeholders will be the government, Public and private company, and people.
R esources
The project cost is huge and also project is also big, to complete the project engineers will be
required, manpower will required. So better to give the project to big private companies to complete
the project. Also company will complete the project within time rather than to give in the hands of
government.
Outline Estimates of Time and Cost
The project total cost is of 5000 Crore, the cost may be divided into 4 part two parts is for north Goa
and two for south Goa.
To complete the project it will require at least 5 Years.
Production plan
Tender inviting consultants to design and detail the project will be finalized. This flyover will
help connectivity and decongest the fast growing populated areas. The flyover will be
constructed on a single pier system with the help of girder technology with pre-fabricated
segments. Each carriageway of the flyover will be of three 3.5m wide lanes.
Project will start from the boarder of north Goa and complete at boarder of south Goa parallel to
the NH-17.
The features of the flyover
y The length of the project is about 139 km.
y The flyover will be parallel to NH17.
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y It will be 4 lane highways with a width of 15meter.
y Pile Foundation will be used
Waste management in the way of avoiding, minimizing, reusing and recycling should Be
adopted to reduce waste generation. In addition, on site sorting of demolition Debris would be
carried out. Scrap metals or abandoned equipment would be Recycled if possible. Relevant
pollution control clauses will be included in the Construction contract in order to minimize the
environmental nuisance to the nearby Sensitive receivers.
Pestel analysis of the project
Political factor
The project works in the interests of the public and not for private financial gain ±this is the same
for all publicly-funded bodies. Its overall remit is set by Parliament with transport policy the
responsibility of the Department for Transport. Political factors therefore play a key role in
shaping its activities and priorities. Ministers are held to account in Parliament for the
performance of the Department and its agencies. The project manager has a duty to spend money
wisely and cost-effectively and through Parliament, the project manager is ultimately
accountable for its work to the public. Taxpayers¶ money maintains the road network and
taxpayers have a right to know how their money is spent. The government sets the policy
framework for the project, therefore the project can be affected by political changes of direction.
For instance, a change of government policy could switch some resources away from roads to
another project.
Economic factors
A central aim of government policy is to encourage economic growth. In a growing economy,
businesses produce and sell more goods and services. More jobs are created. The country
becomes more prosperous. The flyover Highways supports economic growth, because an
effective major road network directly helps business and industry. Factories need raw materials,
retailers need to keep their shelves well stocked or risk losing business. Even internet businesses
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need to distribute physical products to customers. To develop the transport infrastructure, the
government is committed to increasing capacity on some of the busiest roads. Increased capacity
means more goods can be carried and people will experience less congestion. Although this is a
short-term cost, it will reap long-term benefits. The recession has other potential implications for
the project - by spending money on road improvements the project can have an impact on the
business cycle. To stimulate the economy out of recession, the government needs to encourage
people and businesses to spend. It can try to do this by using a combination of monetary and
fiscal measures. A monetary measure involves altering interest rates; fiscal measures concern
levels of taxation and public spending. Many economists argue that governments should respond
to recessions by increasing public spending. This is known as providing a fiscal stimulus.
Social factors
Socio-cultural environment is composed of various class, structure, beliefs, values, social
institutions, accepted patterns of behavior, customs of people and their expectations. Hence, any
industry must take into consideration the socio-cultural environment for developing its policy
and strategy. Socio-cultural environment influences the demand and supply of goods and
services.
People¶s lifestyles, attitudes and opinions have a direct bearing on traffic volumes. As society
changes, the project aims to meet the needs of today¶s road users by µputting the people first.
People are being educated and are more aware of the importance of the environment and health¶s
and is becoming 'green consumers'. Green consumers prefer goods and services that are
environmentally-friendly' and which have less impact on the environment and is good for health.
People may oppose the project due to certain reasons:
1) Loss of land.
2) Less price is given by the government for acquiring the land from the people for
construction the pillars.
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Technological Factors
Technological environment refers to all the technical surroundings that affect business. It
includes skills, methods, systems and equipment. Technology consists of the forces that create
new technologies creating innovative services and market opportunities. The most dramatic force
shaping people's lives is technology.
The various technological factor which may affect the project are as:
- Failure R&D activities
Failure of research and development activities during the initial time which may affect the
project or outdated technique used for conducting R&D activities.
- Technological changes
Technological changes like outdated equipment or modernization of equipment may affect the
project.
Environmental factors
The environmental factor is natural and it is beyond individual control. it include ecological and
environmental aspects such as weather, climate, and climate change, which may especially affect
industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore, growing awareness of the
potential impacts of climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they
offer, both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones.
- Changes climate condition
The change in climate condition may affect the construction of the flyover which may lead to
delay in completion of the project.
- Land acquisition
Land acquiring will be another environmental factor which may affect the functioning of the
project
- Waste management
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Waste management is another factor affecting the project waste management include dumping of
waste in land which affect economic life of the people.
Legal factors
It includes consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These
factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products.
Assumptions
y Legal documentation and licenses will be approved by the government. There is much
legal documentation which has to clear before stating the project. Also permission of the
central and state government should be granted to start the project.
y There will be no objection while acquiring the required land. For this project land is the
main issue and for getting land local people should agree to give their land to build the
project. The government should take people and their issues regarding the land into
consideration
y The projected time for completion of the project will be 5 years. The project will cover
across all over Goa and we assume that the project will complete in given time.
y There will be easy accessibility of raw materials. We assume that, the company which
has taken the charge of completing the project will complete within given time and there
will no problem for the company to bring raw material as required for the project. The
raw material will be easily available for company.
y There will be no problem or objection during the project
R isk Assessment
y Loss of local Land: For this project we required land to build the flyover. Goa is also
small place and there are no open place in state, either the place are for agricultural land,
own property, houses of people or may be forest area. Many of the people are losing their
property for the project.
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y Incomplete of Project: This project is very high cost and 5 years project. Due to high cost
the ministers may oppose for the project, some people may oppose the project for certain
reasons and the project can go to the court and project may stop. There are many reasons
to stop the project. Project may not complete to some reason.
y Improper utilisation of funds for the project: The project is of construction and the project
budget is huge there are chances of utilization of cash for the personal reasons instead of
putting in the project and lot more reasons are there for improper utilization of funds the
project may remain incomplete due to funds.
y Poor quality of raw material used to complete the project this may lead to breakdown on
flyover.
Communication
Communication is the important Part of any project. To complete the project it required good
communication between the members or the workers. There are 2 types of communication that
are internal and external communication carried out to complete the project.
Internal communication will be 1) daily, weekly, or monthly meeting will be carried out to know
the status of the project. The report will be done at the end of the day, will be submitted to the
manager of the project. The manger will submit the report to the higher authority of the project.
The worker will contact to their supervisor.
2) The Manager, supervisor will be communicating through each other by Phone, BBM or by
Tablet Or by any other device.
External communication will be carried out though mediums newspapers and the local television
or national television. This mediums are external this will help us to commutate faster with the
people and also their views of the project that may include Complaints, reviews, solution for the
project. News like land acquisition with the land number, survey number etc. also will help to
give the details of the project. Like competition of the project, news regarding oppose of the
project, etc.
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Work Breakdown Structure
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Gantt Chart
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Financial of Flyover Project
Figures in Crore
Land Cost 300
Research and development 100Additional Cost 600
1000 1000
Construction Cost
Raw Material 1700
Technology Used 800
Labour Expenses 800
Mis. Expenses 7004000 4000
Total Estimated cost 5000
Time
To complete the project estimation time will be 5 years, the project is
divided into 4 parts, and 1 part will cover the distance of 35 Km.