final final asian dip report.doc

7/24/2019 FINAL FINAL ASIAN DIP REPORT.doc

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COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT PROJECTTHE HOME OFFICE DRUG INTERVENTIONS PROJECT PROGRAMME

REPORT OF THE COMMUNITY LED RESEARCH PROJECT FOCUSSINGON THE PAKISTANI COMMUNITY IN READING & PAKISTANI PRISONERS

IN BULLINGDON COMMUNITY PRISON

BYASIAN SERVICES IN ALCOHOL & NARCOTICS

IN PARTNERSHIP WITHREADING USER FORUM

ANDBULLINGDON COMMUNITY PRISON

URFAN AZAD, SHAHID FARID,JOHN HOWARD, DYANNE DANIELS & LES CLEEVE

MARCH 2006

FUNDED BY THE HOME OFFICEMANAGED AND SUPPORTED BY

THE CENTRE FOR ETHNICITY AND HEALTHUNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL LANCASHIRE.

PERSONAL PROFILES

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The following people were involved in the development and delivery of thisproject:

Ur!" A#!$- 27 years old. Urfan is happily married with a daughter. ne of

the main reasons for Urfan !ecoming involved in this project was due to hispast" having !een dependent on #lass $ drugs for four years of his life.$lhumdullilah at present he has !een clean for the last five years" and hasnow devoted his life to practicing %slam. Urfan had a great deal of first hande&periences" and !rought this area of e&pertise to the project. Urfan wor'edas a researcher on the project. Urfan also hopes that this project will give himthe e&perience and (ualification to ena!le him to see' employment in thedrugs field" currently he is wor'ing as a ta&i driver in )eading.

J%" H%'!r$- was an injecting user for the !est part of 2* years. +e nowco-ordinates a successful user led charity" )eading User ,orum )U," which

he founded in early summer 2**/. )U, wor's with drug users" treatmentproviders and communities across the 0est of er'shire.

L() C*((+( - / years old is the 3rug 4ervices 5anager at ullingdon#ommunity Prison. 6es has e&tensive prison e&perience and wor'ed for manyyears in Prison +ealthcare" Psychotherapy and delivering cognitively !asedprogrammes. %n his current role as 3rug 4ervices 5anager" he !ecameinvolved with the project as lead researcher when ullingdon agreed to assistwith the prison element of the research. +is role in the project has !een torecruit" support and encourage $sian Pa'istani prisoners to wor' asresearchers and administer the (uestionnaires. To help him with this processhe has underta'en the University #ertificate in #ommunity )esearch and3rugs. 6es attended all of the preparatory wor'shops and hosted onewor'shop within the prison. +e has played an active role in the developmentand presentation of the (uestionnaires" analysing data and writing the finalreport. +e has developed his 'nowledge and s'ills in the area of diversityduring this project and fully intends to pursue a new career either in drugresearch or drug counselling on his retirement from the prison service.,ollowing pu!lication of the report 6es will maintain contact with the otherresearchers through his involvement with the )eading 3%P and other 3rug$gencies who wor' in partnership with ullingdon #ommunity Prison.

D!""( D!"-(*) was an injecting user for a num!er of years. 4he is now arecovering user for the !est part of 2 years. 4he is a mem!er of )U, and$4%$8 and has achieved a lot of (ualifications. 4he has passed her certificatein acupuncture and treats users with acupuncture 9-/ times a wee'.

S!-$ F!r-$ .2 years old. 4hahid is currently wor'ing as a ta&i driver" andwas employed on this project as a researcher. +e had no previous e&periencein research or conducting interviews. 4hahid has ta'en a great interest in thewhole project and has participated in all aspects of it. +e has underta'en theUniversity #ertificate in #ommunity )esearch and 3rugs" and has played a

hands on role throughout the project. +e has attended all the U#6an

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wor'shops" and has helped with developing and designing the (uestionnaire"collecting the data in the community; analysis of the data" and also writing thefinal report. 4hahid will continue to support the project once the research has!een completed" and will wor' towards ma'ing sure that therecommendations are implemented. 4hahid is also one of the founder

mem!ers of $4%$8 $sian 4ervice in $lcohol < 8arcotics" which is a groupthat has !een formed as a direct result of this project. 4hahid has !rought firsthand e&perience to the project" as he has !een a Pa'istani e&-offender andservice user for the last ten years. 4hahid feels !eing involved in this projecthas given him a great deal of s'ills. +e !elieves that the project will openmany doors for him. ne of his aspirations for the future is to develop $4%$8and also gain employment in the drugs and community engagement field.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

0e would li'e to ac'nowledge the following people for all their time" effort"support and guidance on the project:

=aser 5ir - University of #entral 6ancashire8asreen $'htar University of #entral 6ancashire>ocelyn Pearson )eading 4afer #ommunity Partnership>?ulanta #arriere )eading 3%P 5anager4ue 4aunders @overnor ullingdon #ommunity PrisonAellie )eeve +ead of etterment and 3rug 4trategy" ullingdon #ommunityPrison5ichelle Buir'e ,ormer +ead of Prisoner %nterventions" ullingdon#ommunity PrisonTerry ogg Treatment 5anager )$Pt 12 4tep Programme" ullingdon

Cmma >ones Treatment 5anager" 4hort 3uration Programme" ullingdon

0e would also li'e to than' all the respondents who" without their support andcontri!utions the research could not have ta'en place.

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CONTENTS

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The respondents who had !een arrested !y the police in the )eading

area felt that they had !een treated unfairly.

9F of those arrested were not offered the opportunity to see an arrest

referral wor'er or offered referral for drug treatment on arrest eventhough E7F of them had proven positive when tested for drugs in

police custody. Cighty four percent of the respondents said that drug treatment

services were not effective in dealing with $sian clients.

$ll respondents felt that drug services could !e developed to !etter

serve $sian clients.

8inety nine percent of those (uestioned said that having $sian drug

wor'ersG$sian 3rug User ,orum was a very good idea and that therewas a great need for it. The general consensus of opinion was that$sian drug wor'ers could relate to them and have a !etterunderstanding of their cultural needs. The majority of those (uestioned

said that e&-users could ma'e a very valua!le contri!ution indeveloping drug services to !etter meet needs.

Cighty three percent of the respondents had !een given a prison

sentence.

0hilst in prison they had accessed drug treatment and were aware of

drug programs within the prison system.

H9F of respondents stated that +5P ullingdon had assisted them in

accessing help for their drug pro!lem.

The majority of the respondents said that Cmployment Training"

Ioluntary pportunities" ,inancial 4upport" +ousing $dvice and +ealth

< ,itness would !e of help or interest to them. 0ith a small num!er ofrespondents stating that 5entoring" Cducational #ourses" 0elfare)ights $dvice and #hild 4upport" would !e !eneficial to them.

$lthough the help and support given to those in prison is seen !y the

respondents as !eing effective" we feel that the needs of individualshave to !e assessed !efore sentence so that they can accesstreatment services and the help and support they need !efore receivinga prison sentence.

The report recommends:

1. The needs of $sian users and e&-users to !e considered in thecommissioning" planning and development of services.

2. 8eed to address any forms of discrimination at the point of arrest.9. 8eed to develop and support an $sian 3rug ,orum./. 8eed to develop $sian families and carers support.. 8eed to clearly define and e&plain specific front line staff roles.E. $ structured through-care and aftercare plan.7. 3rug services need to !e culturally competent and sensitive to religious

needs.H. 8eed to recruit $sian drug wor'ers" including $sian e&-users. $ppropriate training and support.

1*.Cducation and prevention messages to target the $sian community.11. 8eed to promote e&isting drug services !etter.

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12.8eed to conduct further community-led research needs assessments.

INTRODUCTION

T( C("4r( %r E4"-1-4 !"$ H(!*4=) M%$(* % C%338"-4 E"/!/(3("4

B!1/r%8"$

0e often hear the following words or phrases:

#ommunity #onsultation

#ommunity )epresentation

#ommunity %nvolvementGParticipation

#ommunity Cmpowerment

#ommunity 3evelopment

#ommunity Cngagement

4ometimes they are used inter-changea!ly to mean the same thing.4ometimes the same word or phrase is used !y different people in the samemeeting to mean different things. The #entre for Cthnicity and +ealth has avery specific notion of #ommunity Cngagement" and this paper is an attemptto descri!e it. The #entre?s 5odel of #ommunity Cngagement evolved over anum!er of years as a result of its involvement in a num!er of projects.Perhaps the most important milestone however came in 8ovem!er 2***"when the 3epartment of +ealth awarded a contract to what was then theCthnicity and +ealth Unit at the University of #entral 6ancashire to administer

and support a new grants initiative. The initiative aimed to get local lac' andminority ethnic community groups across Cngland to conduct their own needsassessments" in relation to drugs education" prevention" and treatmentservices.

The 3epartment of +ealth had two 'ey things in mind when it commissionedthe wor'; first" the 3epartment of +ealth wanted a num!er of reports to !eproduced that would highlight the drug-related needs of a range of lac' andminority ethnic communities. 4econd" and to an e&tent even more important"was the process !y which this was to !e done. %f all the 3epartment of +ealthhad wanted was a needs assessment and a Jglossy report?" they could havedirectly commissioned a num!er of researchers who could have gone intolocal lac' and minority ethnic communities" tal'ed to them a!out their needs"written up a report" and produced yet another set of reports that potentially donot have any long term impact. This scheme was different however. The3epartment of +ealth was clear that it did not want researchers to go into thecommunity" to do the wor'" and then to go away. %t wanted local lac' andminority ethnic communities to underta'e the wor' themselves. These groupsmay not have 'nown anything a!out drugs" or anything a!out underta'ing aneeds assessment at the start of the project; what they would have is provenaccess to the communities they were wor'ing with" the potential to !e

supported and trained and the infrastructure to conduct such a piece of wor'.They would !e a!le to use the si& month process to learn a!out drug related

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issues and a!out how to underta'e a needs assessment. They would !e a!leto !enefit and learn from the training and support that the Cthnicity < +ealthUnit would provide" and they would learn from actually managing andunderta'ing the wor'. %n this way" at the end of the process" there would !e anum!er of individuals left !ehind in the community who would have gained

from underta'ing this wor'. They would have learned a!out drugs" andlearned a!out the needs of their communities" and they would !e a!le tocontinue to articulate those needs to their local service providers" and theirlocal 3rug $ction Teams. %t was out of this project that the #entre for Cthnicityand +ealth?s model of community engagement was !orn.

The model has since !een developed and refined" and has !een applied to anum!er of areas or domains of wor'. These include:

4u!stance 5isuse

The #riminal >ustice 4ystem

4e&ual +ealth

5ental +ealth

)egeneration

+igher Cducation

$sylum

8ew communities have also !een !rought into the programme: althoughlac' and minority ethnic communities remain a focus to the wor'" the #entrehas also wor'ed with:

=oung people

People with disa!ilities

4ervice user groups

Iictims of domestic violence

@ay" les!ian and !i-se&ual people

0omen

0hite deprived communities

)ural communities

%n addition to the 3epartment of +ealth" 'ey partners have included the +omeffice" the 8ational Treatment $gency for 4u!stance 5isuse" the +ealthcare#ommission" and The 8ational %nstitute for 5ental +ealth in Cngland" the@reater 6ondon $uthority and $im higher.

T( K( I"/r($-("4)

$ccording to the #entre for Cthnicity and +ealth model" a #ommunityCngagement project must have the community at its very heart. %n order toachieve this" it is essential to wor' through a %)4 1%338"-4 %r/!"-)!4-%">This may !e an e&isting community group" !ut it might also !e necessary to

set a real or virtual group up where one does not e&ist already. The 'ey thingis that this host community organisation should have good lin's to the target

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community1whoever this is such that it is a!le to recruit a num!er of peoplefrom the target community ta'e part in the project and to do the wor' seesection on tas' !elow. %t is important that the host community organisation isa!le to provide a co-ordination and infra-structure e.g. somewhere to meet;access to phones and computers; financial systems for the day to day

activities that will !e underta'en once the project is underway. ne of the firsttas's that this host community organisation underta'es will !e to recruit anum!er of people from the target community to wor' on the project.

A H%)4C%338"-4Or/!"-)!4-%"

0ith @ood 6in'sTo The Target#ommunity

To Provide asic %nfra-structure,or The Project )ecruit $nd#o-ordinate Project Team;Provide ffice 4pace" Phones$nd #omputers; 6oo' $fter The,inances

To )ecruit $ 8um!er fPeople ,rom The Target#ommunity To 3o The0or'

A T!) Time 6imited5eaningful

5anagea!le

$ Piece f )esearch %nto Aey8eedsG@apsG%ssues ,or The

#ommunity

6earning $nd 3evelopmentf Aey %ndividuals; $ccess

+ard To )each @roups;)aise $wareness and3e!ate; #ommunitywnership

S8%r4 ,inancialTypically Up ToK2*"***

Training $nd 0or'shops;n-@oing 4upport $nd@uidance; Personal Tutor

4tatutory Partnerships;4teering @roups;4ustaina!ility

The second 'ey ingredient is the 4!)that the community is to !e engaged in.$ccording to the #entre for Cthnicity and +ealth model" this must !esomething that is meaningful" time limited and managea!le. 8early all of thecommunity engagement projects that we have run have involved communities

in underta'ing a piece of research or a consultation e&ercise within their owncommunities. 4ometimes we have !een met with an initial resistance to doingJyet another piece of research?" !ut this misses the point. $s in the initialprogramme that we ran on !ehalf of the 3epartment of +ealth" the process(i.e. of getting ordinary people involved in doing the work) is as important, ifnot more important" than the report that they produce at the end of the day.The tas' or activity is something around which lots of other things will happenover the lifetime of the project. %ndividuals will learn and new partnerships will!e formed. esides" it is important not to lose sight of the fact that it will !ethe fist time that these individuals have undertaken a research project.

The final ingredient" according to the #entre for Cthnicity and +ealth?s model"is the provision of appropriate )8%r4 and guidance. 0e do not e&pectcommunity groups to !ecome involved for nothing. Typically we would ma'ein the region of K1-2*"*** availa!le to the host organisation. 0e woulde&pect that the !ul' of this money would !e used to pay people from thetarget community as community researchers2. 0e then allocate a namedmem!er of staff from our #ommunity Cngagement Team as a project support

1The target community may be defined in a number of ways in many of the Community EngagementProjects that we have run we have defined it by ethnicity. We have also worked with rojects where ithas been defined by some other criteria however! such as age "e.g. young eole#$ gender "e.g. women#$

se%uality "e.g. gay men#$ service users "e.g. drug users or mental health service users#$ geograhy "e.g.within a articular ward or estate# or by some other label that eole can identify with or rally around"e.g. victims of domestic violence! se% workers#.

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wor'er. This person will visit the project at for at least half a day once afortnight. %t is their role to support and guide the host organisation and theresearchers through the project. 0e also provide a pac'age of training typically in the form of a series of accredited wor'shops. The accreditedwor'shops give participants in the project a chance to gain a University

(ualification whilst they underta'e the wor'. The support wor'ers will alsoassist the group to pull together a steering group for the project 9. The steeringgroup is an essential element of the project: without one" it is difficult to seewho the community are engaging with and it is unli'ely that anything out of theproject will !e sustained in the longer term. The group will !e doing a needsassessment or a consultation e&ercise" !ut for what purposeL %t is the role ofthe steering group to ensure that the wor' that the group underta'es sits withlocal priorities and strategies" and that there is a mechanism for pic'ing up thefindings and recommendations that the group may ma'e. %t is also their roleto help to pic' up the 'ey individuals who are developed through the projectprocess to help them to ta'e their Jne&t steps?.

T( C%338"-4 E"/!/(3("4 T(!3

The #ommunity Cngagement Team comprises of 2 mem!ers of staff. Theywor' across a range of #ommunity Cngagement areas of specialism" within atight regional framewor'.

N!4-%"!* Pr%/r!33( D-r(14%r)

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C%338"-1!4-%") O-1(r

Pr%/r!33( O841%3()

&This is not always ossible! for e%amle! where otential articiants are in receit of state benefits

and where to receive ayment would leave the articiant worse off.'(ery often we will have heled grous to do this very early on in the rocess at the oint at whichthey are alying to take art in the roject.

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Cach group involved in any of our #ommunity Cngagement Programmes isre(uired to su!mit a report detailing the needs" issues or concerns of thecommunity that it consulted with. The (ualitative themes that emerge from thereports are often very powerful" particularly when ta'en together with otherreports produced !y groups involved in the same programme. 4uch

information is 'ey to commissioning and planning services for diverse andJhard to reach? communities. ften new partnerships !etween statutory sectorand hard to reach communities are formed as a direct result of communityengagement projects.

The capacity !uilding of the individuals and groups involved in the programmeis often one of the 'ey outcomes. ver 2*F of those who are formally trainedgo on to find wor' in a related field.

THE FOCUS OF THIS PARTICUAR REPORT

4ince 2*** over 2** community groups have ta'en part in one or other of the#entre for Cthnicity and +ealth?s #ommunity Cngagement 0or' Programmes

$4%$8 $sian 4ervice %n $lcohol and 8arcotics in partnership with )eadingUser ,orum and ullingdon #ommunity Prison were one of 11 communitygroups who too' part in the +ome ffice?s 3rug %nterventions Programme#ommunity Cngagement Programme in 2**. The programme shared anum!er of o!jectives with the Department of Healths Sustance !isuse"ommunity #ngagement $rogramme (%&&& ' %&&)

To ensure that lac' and minority ethnic groups gain a !etter

understanding of the drug misuse issues for their communities

To esta!lish information networ's across participating projects creating

lin'ages !oth !etween different ethnic groups and across geographies forthe same ethnic groups" in order to encourage information to !e sharedand gaps in services to !e identified

To provide capacity !uilding for local lac' and minority ethnic community

groups to ensure not only the completion of the wor'" !ut also anenhanced a!ility to articulate identified needs to service planners and

providers

To ensure local health and social care planners and providers are involved

in the process in order to ena!le the development of services that aresensitive to and meet identified needs.

%t also had a num!er of its own specific additional o!jectives however. Thesewere:

To enhance the local wor' force and planning agenda to ensure the

delivery and growth to the areas wor'force of lac' and minority ethnicemployees" including the development of mentoring" accredited training"volunteer networ's and employment.

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To improve the treatment engagement and sustaina!ility of 3%P offenders

from lac' and minority ethnic communities throughout the end to endprocess of 3%P assessment" treatment and reduction of offendingoutcomes.

To ensure local 3%P #hampionGoards 3$$T" #ommunity 4afety Planners

and #ommissioners are involved in a process in order to ena!le thedevelopment of services that are sensitive to and meet the needs of lac'and minority ethnic communities within the 3%P localities.

To underta'e a needs assessment of lac' and minority ethnic offenders

within the #>%T process including users" e& users and family carer voicesfrom lac' and minority ethnic communities within your 3%P locality.

To identify gaps and developments re(uired within 3%P projects to enhance

the delivery of 3%P for lac' and minority ethnic communities and acrossthe whole population of a 3%P locality.

A-3) !"$ O?@(14-+()

The overall aims of the $4%$8 research project were to: To engage with male Pa'istani prisoners in ullingdon #ommunity Prison.

To engage with males and females in the general Pa'istani community in

)eading over the age of eighteen years who are not using drugs.

To engage with male and female Pa'istanis over the age of eighteen

years in the )eading community who are using heroin.

The main thrust of this report follows a statement !y the )eading 3%P teamthat Pa'istani drug users in the )eading area were not engaging in drugtreatment. The report therefore set out to e&amine:

1. %s this the case and2. The reasons this is occurring.

The research was separated into two distinct areas" community and prison.

ullingdon #ommunity Prison was involved !ecause this would !e the usualprison for people to !e sent who were either remanded in custody orconvicted of drug offences in the )eading area.

The views e&pressed in this report are those of the group that undertoo' theresearch and are not necessarily those of the #entre for Cthnicity and +ealthat the University of #entral 6ancashire.

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DEMOGRAPHICS OF THE READING COMMUNITY CENSUS 200:

POPULATION

T%4!* "83?(r % (%*(

5ales 72*7E

,emales 71*2*

$ged * to 1 2792

$ged 1E to 7/ 1*EE9$ged 7 and over H7/1

The census identified an H"9** rise in the population since 11.

ETHNICITY AND RELIGION

E4"-1 Gr%8 !** (%*(

0hite 12/2/*

6argest minority ethnic groupsPa'istanlac' #ari!!ean%ndian

9H2H 91H1

2/2

P*!1( % ?-r4 !** (%*(orn in UA 129*E1orn elsewhere in CU inc )ep %reland 9/*orn outside CU 1/E

R(*-/-%" !** (%*(#hristian HE1Huddhist EHH+indu 1/17>ewish /15uslim 79*4i'h 7H1ther 1H8o religion 91/HE)eligion not stated 12//9

WORK

S4!48) !** (%*( !/($ :6.5Cmployed EE

Unemployed 2EE6ong-term unemployed E2H

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4tudent economically active /9E7)etired 1*/H94tudent economically inactive 7916oo'ing after homeGfamily E**Permanently sic' or disa!led 922H

ther inactive 2/

8!*--1!4-%") !** (%*( !/($ :6.5Bualifications at degree level or higher 9*2278o (ualifications 2//1H

HOUSING

!** %8)(%*$)8um!er of households with residents 7H778um!er of people per hectare 9./

$verage household siDe 2./Iacant household spaces 172Hwner-occupied 9HH/0ithout central heating /20ithout own !athGshower < toilet E*vercrowding indicator E9/

COMMUNITY SAFETY

The 4afer )eading Partnership is a partnership !etween statutory agenciesincluding )eading orough #ouncil" Thames Ialley Police" the Pro!ation4ervice" )oyal er'shire ,ire and )escue 4ervice and )eading Primary #areTrust.

The aim is to ma'e )eading a safer place for those who live wor' orvisit here. This is done !y:

discouraging criminal and anti-social !ehaviour reducing the fear of crime and anti-social !ehaviour

tac'ling drug and alcohol related criminality through treatment and

enforcement

SAFER COMMUNITY FORUMS

The 4afer )eading #ampaign !elieves that community safety depends oncommunity engagement. 4even S!(r C%338"-4 F%r83) to promotecommunity safety and crime reduction within local neigh!ourhoods have !eendeveloped.

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Cach forum is held on a (uarterly !asis. The forums are committed to usingcommunity intelligence for effective policing and pro!lem solving. The presentforum areas are:

#aversham ,orum

Cast )eading ,orum

4outh )eading ,orum 5inster < Aatesgrove ,orum

8orcot < 4outhcote ,orum Tilehurst < Aentwood ,orum

The &ford )oad ,orum

The 4afer )eading #ampaign funds small scale capital projects to enhanceareas so crime and the fear of crime is reduced. %n the past these haveincluded gating and fencing projects.

DRUGS & ALCOHOL SERVICES

)eading can offer a num!er of support services for people affected !y drugsand alcohol including:

counselling" advice and support for people affected !y prescri!ed or

illicit drugs support and counselling for families" friends and colleagues of people

who have a drug related pro!lem needle and syringe e&change

support through the @P if prescri!ing is going to !e helpful in dealingwith the drug pro!lem

community deto&ification programmes and in-patient deto& ifappropriate

education and training a!out drugs issues

alternative therapies

SOURCE

4ource is a multi-agency service for young people under 1 in )eading and0o'ingham. ffers training for young people and professionals" education"information" advice" support" one-to-one wor' and acts as an access point forreferrals to other agencies. $lso runs family support sessions" support groupsfor children of drug using parents and family therapy.

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4ource wor' on an appointment only !asis !ut can !e contacted 5on-,riday"am - pm and appointments can !e arranged outside these times ifnecessary. 4ource covers the )eading and 0o'ingham area.

EDUCATION AND LEARNING

S8%r4 %r S1%%*) %" E4"-1 M-"%r-4 A1-(+(3("4 !"$ R!1( E8!*-4

)eading orough #ouncil offers an Cthnic 5inority $chievement 4ervice" thatprovides:

$dditional teaching support for pupils at the !eginner stages of

ac(uiring Cnglish as an $dditional 6anguage C$6 and forunderachieving ethnic minority groups" in particular" for pupils of lac'#ari!!ean" lac' $frican and Pa'istani heritage

Teaching and pastoral support for refugee and asylum see'er pupils

Training" guidance and advice for teachers and other school staff on:effective C$6 practice and strategies for raising ethnic minorityattainment < planning an inclusive curriculumdeveloping anti-racist initiatives to support the 4tephen 6awrence

%n(uiry recommendations %nformation and advice for ethnic minority parents and communities on

educational matters ,irst language assessment for pupils and interpretation and translation

for parents in the four main 4outh $sian languages

DEMOGAPHICS OF BULLINGDON COMMUNITY PRISON

ullingdon operates as an adult male #ategory # Training Prison with a

#ategory local function. pened in 12" it is a Nnew galleryN prison !ydesign with its four main house!loc's divided into three galleried units. $ fifthhouse!loc' was added to the prison which is a two gallery unit.

ACCOMMODATIONThere are four original house!loc's $-3 and a fifth C was added in 17.$ccommodation comprises of single and dou!le cells.

OPERATIONAL CAPACITYE9 as of 91st >anuary 2**E

RECEPTION CRITERIA

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ullingdon #ommunity Prison has a #ourt catchment area which e&tendsfrom:

#rown #ourts in &ford and )eading.5agistrates #ourts in; &ford" )eading" 4lough" 8ew!ury" an!ury" 0itney"

icester" 3idcot" rac'nell" 0antage.

ullingdon also accept prisoners from other courts within the Thames Ialleyand surrounding areas.

REGIMEullingdon operates a three-tier system of regime asic" 4tandard andCnhanced" as part of an %ncentives and Carned Privileges Programme.5andatory 3rug Testing was introduced in 1E as part of national policy. Theprison has a range of wor'" education and training opportunities delivering

!asic and 'ey s'ills" and opportunities for vocational (ualifications. There area range of ffending ehaviour Programmes which are !ased on #ognitiveehavioural and Psychodynamic 5odels. This includes the )eha!ilitation of$ddicted Prisoners Trust )$Pt 12 4tep 3rug Treatment Programme" 4e&ualffenders Treatment Programme" Cnhanced Thin'ing 4'ills Programme and4hort 3uration 3rug Treatment Programme.

ETHNICITY

3uring the completion of this research" $sian prisoners accounted for anaverage of appro&imately five percent of the prison population at ullingdon"from this appro&imately thirty eight percent were Pa'istani and over seventypercent of these Pa'istani prisoners were from the )eading $rea. ullingdon#ommunity Prison currently has a total of F lac' and minority ethnic staff.

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METHODOLOGY

$ steering group meeting was held at the Pa'istani #ommunity #entre in Cast)eading around $prilG5ay 2**. %n attendance were prominent mem!ers ofthe Pa'istani community" >ocelyn Pearson" the manager of 3%P" high ran'ing

police officers" =aser 5ir from U#6an" the 3eputy @overnor of ullingdon#ommunity Prison and representatives from )eading User ,orum )U,including one potential community researcher from the $sian community.

$s a result of this meeting approval was given in early >une 2** !y 4ue4aunders" the @overnor of ullingdon for an element of the research to !ecarried out within the prison. The drug services manager 6es #leeve wasas'ed to facilitate the research on !ehalf of the prison.

$ mem!er of the Pa'istani community suggested that )U, met with him andtogether tried to locate individuals within the community interested in ta'ing

part in the research project. They spo'e to an individual who showed interestand )U, met up with them on several occasions to discuss the project. Therewere now two individuals who wanted to help and get involved with theproject. %t appeared that the project was now ready to start" however forreasons that we cannot divulge !oth volunteers dropped out of the project andwe were !ac' at the !eginning again.

The prison side of the research also had its own pro!lems" although researchvolunteers were easier to recruit" they were even more difficult to 'eep. Thetransient nature of the population at the prison meant that (uite oftenresearchers did not return from court; were released from prison oncompletion of their sentence; were removed from the prison on securitygrounds; released on +ome 3etention #urfew or transferred to another prisonas a progressive move following completion of treatment programmes.

$nother steering group meeting was arranged in the community" although dueto poor attendance this meeting was a disappointment. The only people fromthe community side who turned up were >ocelyn Pearson 3%P" >ohn +oward)U, and the chair of the Pa'istani community centre. The project was goingnowhere" fast. >ohn +oward persisted in trying to find interested individuals!ut to no avail.

$lthough there was some difficulty in getting the project Joff the ground? in thecommunity" the wor'shops to prepare the team were well under way" .the firstof them was completed in ullingdon #ommunity Prison in >une 2**.

Time passed and then" in $ugust" out of nowhere it all started comingtogether. )U, received a phone call from Urfan $Dad en(uiring a!out doingvoluntary wor' with )U,. Urfan $Dad was a ta&i driver who was told a!out)U, !y one of his passengers" who had done some voluntary wor' with )U,herself. )U, arranged a time to meet Urfan $Dad later that wee'.

0hen the meeting too' place it was clear that as a Pa'istani e&-heroin userUrfan was perfectly suited for the project and !rief details of the project were

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put to him. Urfan was enthusiastic a!out getting involved so a further meetingwas arranged for him to meet with )U, and the )eading 3%P 5anager">ocelyn Pearson. >ocelyn also 'new of another individual who had just !eenreleased from prison who was interested in getting involved !ut who droppedout soon after.

4hahid ,arid" a friend of Urfan?s also e&pressed interest in !ecoming involvedin the research project.

Training and support to the individuals was offered !y =aser 5ir of theUniversity of #entral 6ancashire U#6an and >ohn +oward of )U,.

The community was accessed !y the two lead community researchers Urfan$Dad and 4hahid ,arid who had good 'nowledge of the local community andof the increasing pro!lem of drugs within it.

$s e&-service users from the Pa'istani community they were aware of thestigma attached to drug use and the difficulties faced !y users and e&-userswithin the community through" what they stated was" its lac' of understanding.

The data collection method used was (uestionnaires. The (uestionnaireswere designed for community and prison use with some (uestions relatingspecifically to each area. They were designed !y the researchers.

Thirty (uestionnaires were completed" twenty within the community and ten inthe prison. The (uestionnaires were carried out on a one-to-one !asis!etween the researchers and the respondents; the researchers themselveswent through the (uestionnaires with the interviewees and recorded theirresponses. The data was then analysed (uantitatively findings recorded infigures and processed into charts" the written data (ualitative data wasrecorded in writing noting comments and remar's made !y the respondents.

$n action plan in which deadlines for tas's" targets and the aims ando!jectives of the project were put into place and which was monitored !y=aser 5ir from U#6an.

4upport meetings were held regularly with researchers to ensure the research

was proceeding according to plan.

>ohn +oward of )U, and =aser 5ir from U#6an advised and supported Urfanand 4hahid in the formation of an $sian user group called J$sian 4ervice %n$lcohol and 8arcotics? $4%$8" the support for the individuals involved andfor $4%$8 given !y )U, will !e ongoing.

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RESEARCH FINDINGS

SECTION : . ABOUT YOU UESTION : AGE RANGE

T!?*( :

$ge - H*F of the users were !etween the ages of 22 to 2 =ears of age.

AGE P(r1("4!/()

1 - 21 2

22 - 2/ 1E

2 - 2 H 2

9* - 9 / :

T!?*( 2

@ender - project was !ased around male population of the Pa'istanicommunity.

8()4-%" 2 GENDER P(r1("4!/()

5ale 9* :00

,emale * 0

ther * 0

T!?*(

#itiDenship - everyone who participated in the (uestionnaire was ritish .

8()4-%" 2 CITIZENSHIP P(r1("4!/()

ritish 9* :00

)efugee * 0

$sylum * 0

ther * 0

T!?*( 5

Cthnicity of respondents

ETHNICITY ASIAN OR BRITISH P(r1("4!/()

Pa'istani 2 ;

%ndian 1

angladeshi * 0

ther * 0

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T!?*(

6anguage - the results shown are from 9* individuals who gave more thanone answer per language choice.

WHICH LANGUAGE ARE YOU FLUENT IN SPOKEN WRITTEN

E"/*-) 0 0

Ur$8 26 2

P8"@!?- 26 0

M-r8r- : :

Fr("1 : :

S!"-) : :

Ar!?-1 : :

T!?*( 6

)espondents place of !irth

BORN IN THE UK PERCENTAGES

Y() 2E 9

N% / :

T!?*(

#ountry of origin

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN PERCENTAGES

Pa'istan 2H ;

%ndia 2

T!?*( 9

)espondents with a disa!ility

DO YOU HAVE DISABILITY PERCENTAGES

=es * 08o 9* :00

T!?*( ;

4e&uality of respondents

SE


23/99

T!?*( :0

)eligion - the project was !ased around the Pa'istani community so themajority of the participants were 5uslim who followed the teachings of the%slam faith.

RELIGION P(r1("4!/()

8one * 0

>ewish * 0

+indu * 0

%slam 2 ;

#hristian * 0

4i'h 1

uddhist * 0

ther * 0

SECTION 2 DRUG USE

T!?*( ::

3rug use - the results shown are from 9* individuals who gave more than oneanswer per drug of choice.

DRUG PERCENTAGES

+eroin 2E 2#rac' H 9

#ocaine 17 :6

#anna!is E 6

Ccstasy 9

$mphetamines 1* :0

enDodiaDepines E 6

$lcohol 2E 2

Poly 3rug Use 1 :

ther 3rug 1 :

3rug ,ree 1 :

T!?*( :2

5ethod of drug use - the results shown are from 9* individuals who gavemore than one answer per choice.

HOW DO YOU TAKE YOUR DRUG OF CHOICE PERCENTAGES

4mo'e 2 9:%nject 2 6

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4nort 9 ;

4wallow 2 6

T!?*( :

)espondents perceiving drug use as a pro!lem

DO YOU SEE YOUR DRUG USE AS A PROBLEM PERCENTAGES

Y() 9* :00

N% * 0

T!?*( :5

)easons for crime - when we as'ed all 9* participants the reason for

committing crime the answers !elow were stated. 4upporting their drug ha!itwas the reason they committed crime" the majority of users said if the ha!itstops then the crime stops with it.

WHAT ARE YOUR REASONS FOR COMMITTINGCRIME

1. O8eed money for drugs and food2. OTo support drug ha!it9. O,or my ha!it and for feeling the ritish law

system unjust at times/. Ofund money for my ha!it

. Oto !uy my drugsE. OTo support drug addiction7. Othe only way % can fund my ha!itH. O% would not commit crime if % never too'

drugs. OTo support drug ha!it1*.Ohave no other way of ma'ing money11. Osupport drug ha!it12.Ocant afford the drugs % ta'e without

committing crime19.Ohave no choice

1/.O%?m trapped in heroin and have to do crime1.Oto fund my drug use1E.Oits li'e food if you don?t eat you starve %

have no choice !ecause of drugs17.Owhy do you thin'1H.O% cant afford to fund my addiction1.Ohave to stop drugs to stop crime2*.OTo !uy drugs21.O% have no choice !ut do crime to smo'e22.Oto !uy food and drugs well % even steal the

food29.OTo support drug ha!it2/.Ohave no money don?t li'e doing it !ut have

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no other way for drugs2.Omy addiction2E.OTo ma'e money for drugs27.OTo support drugs2H.OTo afford my drug ha!it

2.Oonly way % can !uy my heroin and crac' 9*.O% need help !ecause of drugs

T!?*( :

#ontrol over drug use

HOW MUCH CONTROL DOYOU HAVE ON YOUR DRUG USE PERCENTAGES

8 #8T)6 17

45C #8T)6 12 50

#5P6CTC6= %8 #8T)6 1

T!?*( :6

)easons for drug use - it is clear from the research findings that a significantfactor in drug use among the $sian Pa'istani community relates to the issueof arranged marriages. There were also significant num!ers of responderswho reported family pro!lems and stress as major factors in drug use.

WHAT ARE YOUR REASONS FOR TAKING DRUGS

1. O4tress" $nger" ,amily pro!lems2. OBuic' relief" !oredom" mental challenge" peer pressure" !ullying9. O%?m stuc' in addictions/. OPowerless of my thoughts feelings and !ehaviour. OTo fit in and !e part of something and to get away from my feelingsE. O,amily pro!lems stress enjoyment7. OPeer pressure-scaling-enjoyment- suppressing feelingsH. O4tarted as a social thing and now %?m addicted

. O,amily pro!lem and also life is shit1*. O,orced into marriage11. O4tressed out with life12.O,amily pro!lems at home19.OTry something new and now it?s a pro!lem1/.O,orced into marriage at a early age O1.O$rranged marriage O1E.O,amily pro!lems at home17.OCnjoyed the drugs" the !uDD1H.O3rugs are very supportive when you are feeling down

1.OPro!lems at home and with family2*.O,orced into marriage at an early age

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21.OPissed off with it due to marriage O22.O4ic' of life parents giving me no other choice29.O4ocialising and now %?m addicted2/.O,elt let down !y the people around me2.O,amily forced me to get married

2E.OPro!lems at home and with family27.O4ocialising and now %?m hoo'ed2H.O,amily pro!lems at home2.O4tress out with my life and found drugs as a hope9*.O6oved the !uDD of !rown and now %?m stuc' with it

T!?*( :

,re(uency of drug use

HOW OFTEN DO YOU TAKE DRUGS PERCENTAGES

3aily 9* :00

0ee'ly * 0

ccasionally * 0

4ocially * 0

T!?*( :9

$vaila!ility of drugs

ARE YOUR DRUGS OF CHOICEAVAILABLE IN THE READING AREA PERCENTAGES

+ard to get * 0

$vaila!le * 0

Casy to get 9* :00

T!?*( :;

C&penditure on drugs - H7F of all participants spend on average K9** a wee'on their drug ha!it. The money which they spend came direct from crime.H7F Q 2E respondents R K9** per wee' or K/2.HE per day each. Thate(uates to K1"E/2.HE each per year" multiplied !y the 2E users who reported"this e&penditure e(uates to a total of K/*E"71/.2 as the proceeds of crimefor only 2E users. The overall figure for the country must therefore !estaggering.

HOW MUCH MONEY DO YOU SPENDON DRUGS PER WEEK PERCENTAGES

K* * 0

K1** 9 :0K1* 1

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K2** 11

K2* H 2

K9**S 7 2

T!?*( 20

,unding for drug use - the results shown are from 9* individuals who gavemore than one answer per choice

HOW DO YOU FUND YOUR DRUG USE PERCENTAGES

4tate enefits 1E

#rime 27

,riends 2 5

ther / 9

T!?*( 2:

Pro!lems related to drugs - the results shown are from 9* individuals whogave more than one answer per choice

DO YOU HAVE ANY PROBLEM AS ARESULT OF YOUR DRUG USE PERCENTAGES

+ealth 2 :9

4ocial Pro!lems 27 :6

,amily 9* :9 Prison 2H :

,inancial 2H :

+ousing 1* 6

3omestic Iiolence 11

SECTION WHAT=S HAPPENING IN THE COMMUNITY

T!?*( 22

$wareness of drug services

ARE YOU AWARE OF WHATDRUG SERVICES AREAVAILABLE IN THECOMMUNITY PERCENTAGES

YES 2

NO 29 ;

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T!?*( 2

+elp and support - the results shown are from 9* individuals who gave morethan one answer per choice

ARE YOU CURRENTLY RECEIVING ANY HELPOR SUPPORT? PERCENTAGES,riends 2

,amily 2* 6:

#ommunity Clders 1

%mam 1

Pa'istani 5entors 1

thers 1

T!?*( 25

4hame attached to drug use - after loo'ing at the comments made !y theparticipants there appears to !e a lac' of understanding within the non-usingPa'istani community with regards to drug use and drugs in general. Theparticipant feel neglected !y the Jcommunity elders? and feel that a lot ofsupport isn?t !een given to the community to address this pro!lem.

IS THERE ANY SHAME ATTACHED TO BEING A DRUG USER IN THEPAKISTANI COMMUNITY IN READING

1. Oyes we are not allowed to smo'e drugs2. Oyes of course9. Oyes this should !e addressed through private drug companies !y

$sians/. Oyes with help open mind and understanding. Oyes % would li'e to see the community !eing more educated in drugsE. Oyes % would li'e my community to accept it as a disease and help me

address it7. Oyes % would li'e the community to !e addressed that addiction is no jo'e

it is a disease and can trap the !est of usH. Oyes the community loo's at me as scum

. Oyes the community don?t even thin' % e&ist1*.Ocommunity what is a community11. Oyes12.Oyes they need to !e made aware of drug issues and pro!lems19.Oyes % feel uncomforta!le in the community1/.Oyes1.Oonce your la!elled a druggy then that names stic's with you for life1E.Oyes17.Oyour not given a chance or support1H.Oyes screw them who needs a community

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T!?*( 2

4upport networ's

DO YOU HAVE ANY SUPORT NETWORKSIN THE PAKISTANI COMMUNITY WHICHWOULD HELP THOSE IN DRUG USE PERCENTAGES

,riends 0

,amily 2* 6

#ommunity Clders 1

%mam 0

Pa'istani 5entors 0

thers 0

T!?*( 26

$sian 3rug 0or'ers and $sian User ,orum

HOW WOULD YOU FEEL ABOUT ASIAN DRUG WORKERSASIAN DRUG USERSFORUM

1. OThis will !e very good idea !ecause we need one !ig time you get me2. O$sians would not react to this in a positive way !ecause they are

!ac'ward and judgmental9. ,eel it?s a very good idea

/. O%t is good and % would !e happy to wor' with them. O% would feel very good they understand culture !y also it would !e good

if they were e&-usersE. O% thin' it would !e good and they can understand me and my drug use

as % am an addict7. O@ood idea as it will ma'e me feel more safer and more trusting and willing

towards tal'ing a!out my pro!lemsH. OThis is what we need !ig time. OIery good idea we need e&-user to !e involved so they can relate to us1*.O% feel it?s a very good idea11. O% thin' it would !e a good idea !ecause they isn?t nothing for us out there

12.O%ts will !e good !ecause there is drug agencies out there !ut they don?t'now shit a!out $sian culture

19.OThis would !e very good1/.O=es very good need this help1.O% would feel happy for this and % need it now1E.O% would li'e to help and this is a very good idea17.Oeen waiting for something li'e this for a!out years1H.OThere is a !ig need for this1.OThis is a very good idea2*.O=es this would !e a great idea21.O% can trust my own especially if they have !een through the same as

me on drugs22.O@et more support not li'e the white agencies that don?t give a

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shit and wear gloves to sha'e your hand29.O=eah this will !e a great idea2/.O=es this is great2.O% feel that it will !e a good idea2E.O@et more support from $sian wor'ers and it will !e good if they

were e&-users so they can understand us !etter27.O% feel that this will wor' !ecause it?s the first and loo' how many

white drug organisations there is2H.OThis is very good2.OIery happy to hear a!out this9*.O8eed it

T!?*( 2

+elp or 4upport

ARE YOU CURRENTLY RECEIVING ANY HELP ORSUPPORT PERCENTAGES

=C4 H 2

8 22

T!?*( 29

The practice of sending J!ac' home?

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN SENT

BACK HOMEFOR YOUR DRUG USE PERCENTAGES

=es 2 9

8o :

T!?*( 2;

$ccessing drug treatment

HAVE YOU EVER ACCESSED DRUGTREATMENT IN THE PAKISTANI COMMUNITY PERCENTAGES

=es * 0

8o 2 9

3id not answer :

T!?*( 0

Treatment effectiveness note: 1 respondent did not respond

HOW DID YOU FIND THE TREATMENTYOU RECEIVED PERCENTAGES

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Iery Useful 1

8ot Useful 2 9

Useful / :5

8o $nswer * 0

SECTION 5 DRUGS & CRIME

T!?*( :

3rug use leading to crime - all participants interviewed committed crime tofeed the drug ha!it.

HAS YOUR DRUG USE CAUSEDYOU TO COMMIT CRIME PERCENTAGES

=es 9* :00

8o * 0

T!?*( 2

+elp for offending !ehaviour

DO YOU FEEL YOU NEED HELP FORYOUR COMMITTING CRIMES PERCENTAGES

=es 2 9

8o :

T!?*(

+elp for drug use

DO YOU FEEL YOU NEED HELP FORYOUR DRUG USE PERCENTAGES

=C4 2H ;

8 2

T!?*( 5

+elp for committing crime - note: only 7 participants answered this (uestion

DO YOU FEEL YOU NEED HELPFORYOUR COMMITTING CRIMES PERCENTAGES

=es 2 2;

8o :

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SECTION 5! POLICE

T!?*(

C&perience with the police

IF YOU HAVE HAD ANY CONTACT WITH THE POLICE IN THE PAST, PLEASEE


33/99

T!?*( 6

$rrested with an offence related to drugs - the results shown are from 9*individuals who gave more than one answer per choice

WERE YOU ARRESTED WITH AN OFFENCERELATED TO PERCENTAGES

3)U@ ,,C8#C4 2 92

T+C) ,,C8#C4 #$U4C3 = T+C 3)U@ U4C 9 ;

U8)C6$TC3 T 3)U@ U4C 9 ;

T!?*(

#harged with an offence related to - the results shown are from 9* individualswho gave more than one answer per choice

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN CHARGED WITH ANOFFENCE RELATED TO PERCENTAGES

3)U@ ,,C8#C4 9* 9

T+C) ,,C8#C4 #$U4C3 = T+C 3)U@ U4C / ::

U8)C6$TC3 T 3)U@ U4C / ::

T!?*( 9

ffered to see an arrest referral wor'er

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN OFFERED TO SEE AN ARRESTREFERRAL WORKER WHEN YOU HAVE BEEN ARRESTED PERCENTAGES

=es 2

8o 2H ;

T!?*( ;

$greed to see an arrest referral wor'er

HAVE YOU EVER AGREED OR REUESTED TO SEEAN ARREST REFERRAL WORKER PERCENTAGES

=es 2

8o 2H ;

T!?*( 50

ffered drug treatment at arrest stage - (uestion a!out arrest referral wor'erhad similar outcomes; reason !eing a lot of participants didn?t either 'nowwhat they were" who they were" and what they did. %t seemed clear to us thatarrest referral wasn?t very clearly e&plained to users or understood in the

Pa'istani community who came into contact with the criminal justice system.

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WHERE YOU OFFERED REFERRAL FOR DRUGTREAMENT ON ARREST PERCENTAGES

=C4 2

8 2H ;

T!?*( 5:

Treatment acceptance

DID YOU ACCEPT TREATMENT PERCENTAGES

=C4 2

8 2H ;

T!?*( 52

Tested for drugs in Police custody

HAVE YOU BEEN TESTED FOR DRUGS INPOLICE CUSTODY PERCENTAGES

=C4 2 ;

8 1

T!?*( 5

utcome of drugs test

WHAT WAS THE OUTCOME P(r1("4!/()

Positive 2* 6

8egative 1*

T!?*( 55

%ncorrect drug test results

IF YOU HAVE BEEN TESTED FOR DRUGS INPOLICE CUSTODY, DO YOU THINK THETEST RESULT HAS EVER BEEN WRONG PERCENTAGES

=es 2

8o 2H ;

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T!?*( 5

Users sentenced differently to non-users for the same crime - the entireparticipants in the research committed crime to feed the ha!it they did not doit for the O'ic' of it !ut purely to feed their ha!it.

DO YOU THINK USERS SHOULD BE SENTENCED DIFFERENTLY TONON.USERS FOR THE SAME CRIME

1. Oecause they don?t 'now what they are doing drugs have ta'en over there life

2. O6oo' at the life of drug induced criminals they were a!used or had a hard lifeso can?t !e at fault

9. O#rime is crime

/. O#rime is crime and there are no e&cuses for it

. O#oD some users need help not prison coD that isn?t dealing with the pro!lemE. O%f % was treated % have no reason to commit crime

7. O4ome of the users would not do crime !ut !ecause they are on drugs theyhave to do crime to ma'e money

H. Oecause it is under the influence of drugs and they are not in a fit state

. O%f % was treated % have no reason to commit crime

1*.Oecause on drugs you don?t have a choice

11. O%f % was treated % have no reason to commit crime

12.O$nd sentencing us isn?t the solution anyway

19.O#rime committed !y users is only to feed the ha!it and not for fun

1/.O%f % was treated % have no reason to commit crime

1.O3rugs have ta'en over my life % need to commit crime and sentencingisn?t the solution

1E.OTreatment would !e !etter than sentencing

17.O0hy don?t instead of a sentence they 'eep us on deto& programs mustcost the same or even less

1H.OTreatment would !e !etter then sentencing O

1.Of course them mans are sic' what just ro! for the sa'e of ro!!ing

2*.O%t not fear we have a illness

21.O0ould you sentence a disa!led person the same way as a normal personL

22.OPrison is not the answer trust me %?ve !een in and out enough jails

29.O4entencing is shit don?t help2/.Oecause on drugs you don?t have a choice

2.OTreatment would !e !etter than sentencing

2E.O%t not fair we have a pro!lem

27.OTreatment is !etter

2H.O$llow it man sentencing is shit

2.O%f % was treated % have no reason to commit crime

9*.OTreatment would !e so much !etter than putting us in a place were its even easier to get it

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SECTION DRUG TREATMENT SERVICES

T!?*( 56

Cffectiveness of drug treatment for $sian clients

HOW EFFECTIVE DO YOU FEEL DRUG TREATMENTSERVICES ARE IN DEALING WITH ASIAN CLIENTS PERCENTAGES

C,,C#T%IC / :

8T C,,C#T%IC 2 95

IC)= C,,C#T%IC 1

T!?*( 5!

3evelopment of drug treatment to meet needs of $sian clients - (uantitative

DO YOU FEEL THAT DRUG TREATMENT SERVICES COULDBE DEVELOPED TO BETTER SERVE ASIAN CLIENTS PERCENTAGES

=C4 9* :00

8 * 0

T!?*( 5?

3evelopment of drug treatment to meet needs of $sian clients - (ualitative

DO YOU FEEL THAT DRUG TREATMENT

SERVICES COULD BE DEVELOPEDTO BETTER SERVE ASIAN CLIENTS

1. OTo !e made not just for white people

2. O$lways a !etter way and room for improvement

9. O3eveloped through the $sian community as much family that need supporti. and are ready to Osurrender to treatment

/. O4upport my family when it comes to issue of addiction

. O$sian people have cultural pro!lems that are not understood !y other races

E. Oy letting $sian users have a say in what they want to see done

7. O+elp me with my family to wor' on my addictionH. O+ave more $sian drug wor'er around offering help S advice

. O5ore $sian drug wor'ers would !e very good so they can e&plain toi. the families of users and the community

1*.O4upport my family when it comes to issue of addiction

11. OTrain up more $sian drug wor'ers would !e very good

12.O5a'e local imams aware of drug pro!lem O

19.O5a'e the community realiDe a!out the drug pro!lems

1/.O4upport my family when it comes to issue of addiction

1.O+ave my parents learn more education even courses a!out the effect of drugs

1E.Oto have a !etter understanding of the $sian culture

17.O+ave my parents go on anger management courses

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1H.J5ore $sian e&-users wor'ing there

1.O+ave an $sian drug treatment not just white

2*.O4upport my family when it comes to issue of addiction

21.O5a'e then aware of cultural differences

22.Oy having more $sian wor'ers who understand what were going through

T!?*( 59

$ppropriateness of drug treatment for $sian clients

HOW APPROPRIATE DO YOU FEEL DRUG TREATMENTSERVICES ARE IN DEALING WITH ASIAN CLIENTS PERCENTAGES

C,,C#T%IC E 20

8T C,,C#T%IC 2/ 90

IC)= C,,C#T%IC * 0

T!?*( 5;!

#ontri!ution to developing services to meet needs - (uantitative

DO YOU THINK THAT INDIVIDUALS FROM ASIANCOMMUNITY COULD MAKE A VALUABLECONTRIBUTION TO DEVELOPING SERVICES TOBETTER MEET NEEDS PERCENTAGES

=C4 9* :00

8 * 0

T!?*( 5;?

#ontri!ution to developing services to meet needs - (ualitative

DO YOU THINK THAT INDIVIDUALS FROM ASIAN COMMUNITY COULDMAKE A VALUABLE CONTRIBUTION TO DEVELOPING SERVICES TOBETTER MEET NEEDS

1. Oecause they could understand us more

2. O5any family are loo'ing for this 'ind of support !ut don?t have it so % 'now

it will wor'9. OUnderstanding the pro!lem easier

/. O8o $nswer

. Oecause would listen more

E. OThey can offer more then white people !ecause white people can?t understandor have family Jvalue

7. OThey 'now the score with $sians

H. O8o answer

. O=es

1*.O8o $nswer

11. O%t would ma'e life easier for people li'e me12.O=es

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19.O%t all a!out what you 'now and that

1/.O=es

1.O=es

1E.O8o $nswer

17.Only a community could 'now what they desire and need and who !etter then a mem!er

1H.O8o $nswer

1.Of course why not

2*.OThis is what we have !een waiting for

21.O=es

22.Oecause it is in there interest to ma'e the community !etter they couldshow that they are Osupporting and willing to help

T!?*( 0!

C&-users contri!ution to developing services to meet needs - (uantitative

DO YOU FEEL THAT E


39/99

1.this is a positive thing

1E.=es

17. they would understand u so much !etter then a normal wor'er

1H. this would !e very good for me !ecause % feel !etter around people whohave !een through or 'now a!out the drug on a personal level

1.=es2*.8G$

21.8G$

22.yes wic'ed idea

29.yes this is !etter for our needs !ecause e&-users 'now were we are coming from

2/.they 'now what?s what

2.=es

2E.=es

27.8G$

2H.=es

2.8G$9*.=es

T!?*( :

+elp or interest to respondents - the results shown are from 9* individualswho gave more than one answer per choice

WOULD ANY OF THEFOLLOWING BE ANYHELP OR INTERESTTO YOU PERCENTAGES

Cmployment Training 22 :;

Ioluntary pportunities 2* :

Cducation G #ourses E

,inancial 4upport 1E :

5oney 5anagementTraining 9

+ousing $dvice 1H :

0elfare )ights $dvice 5

+ealth and ,itness

Training 17 :5 #hild 4upport E

SECTION 6 BULLINGDON COMMUNITY PRISON

Page 9


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T!?*( 2

+istory of prison - 9*F of the prisoners who responded to the (uestionnaireswere first time offenders.

HAVE YOU BEEN TO PRISON BEFORE PERCENTAGES

=C4 2 9

8 :

T!?*(

$wareness of services in prison

ARE YOU AWARE OF THE DRUG !"$ EDUCATIONSERVICES AVAILABLE IN BULLINGDON COMMUNITYPRISON PERCENTAGES

#arats 9*

4hort 3uration3rug Programme 12 :

)apt 12 stepprogramme 29 26

6ife 4'ills/

$lcohol $wareness

Parenting 4'ills1 :

asic Cducation :0

$dvanced Cducation9

3eto& Programme/ 5

T!?*( 5

$ccess to help in prison

DO YOU FEEL THAT BULLINGDON IS ASSISTING YOUTO ACCESS HELP FOR YOUR DRUG PROBLEM PERCENTAGES

=es 2 9

8o :

T!?*(

Page /*


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#ompletion of drug treatment - note: participants did not answer the(uestion.

HAVE YOU COMPLETED A DRUG TREAMENT

PROGRAM AT BULLINGDON PERCENTAGES

=es 21 95

8o / :6

T!?*( 6

Cngaged in drug treatment

ARE YOU CURRENTLY ENGAGED IN A

DRUG TREATMENT PROGRAMME PERCENTAGES

=es / :

8o 2E 9

T!?*(

4u!stitute medication - note: all of the participants who were on su!stitutemedicine were either on methadone or su!ute&. H*F of prisoners inullingdon who responded were engaged in drug treatment or had completeda programme H out of 1*.

ARE YOU CURRENTLY ON A SUBSTITUTE MEDICATIONSUCH AS METHADONE OR SUBUTE< PERCENTAGES

=es 19 5

8o 17

T!?*( 9

$ftercare and drug treatment

HAVE YOU EVER RECEIVED AFTERCARE ORSTRUCTURED DRUG TREAMENT AFTERFINISHING A SENTENCE PERCENTAGES

=es * 0

8o 9* :00

Page /1


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DISCUSSION

$ total of thirty (uestionnaires were completed in face to face interviews !ythe researchers. Twenty (uestionnaires were completed amongst thePa'istani community in the )eading area and ten (uestionnaires were

completed in ullingdon #ommunity Prison.

The purpose of the (uestionnaires was to esta!lish G identify the treatmentneeds of Pa'istani community mem!ers and prisoners with su!stance misusepro!lems.

$ll respondents interviewed were male.

4even percent were aged !etween 1-21

9F 22-2/

27F 2-2 19F 9*-9

Cthnicity of those interviewed consisted of:

F Pa'istani and

1F %ndian

H7F were !orn in ritain and

19F from outside of the U.A.

$ll of the respondents were ritish #itiDens.

7F were from the 5uslim faith.

Three percent were 4i'h.

0hen as'ed a!out drug use;

F had ta'en drugs.

1F were drug free.

The most popular drugs were;

+eroin and alcohol followed !y

#ocaine"

$mphetamines

#rac'.

Poly drug use was the least popular.

$mong those ta'ing drugs in the Pa'istani community;

H1F smo'ed drugs

EF injected

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43/99

F snorted and

EF swallowed their drug of choice.

4ome respondents gave more than one answer relating to how theyadministered their drugs of choice.

$ll respondents saw their drug use as a pro!lem;

7F admitted to having no control over their drug use

/*F admitted to having some control and

9F stated that they had complete control.

$ll respondents were ta'ing drugs on a daily !asis;

9F said that they needed help for their drug use.

$ll respondents stated that #lass $ drugs were easy to o!tain in )eading.They also stated that as this was the most popular choice of drug groupsamongst those interviewed more has to !e done to reduce the availa!ility.

$n average K2** to K9** per wee' was spent !y respondents to support theirdrug use. The majority of this money was o!tained from state !enefits andcrime.

0hen respondents were as'ed a!out the reasons for ta'ing drugs" two of themost popular reasons given were;

,amily pro!lems and

$rranged marriages.

)esearchers felt that other cultures amongst whom J$rranged 5arriages? isnot common practice would find it hard to relate to this as !eing a reason tota'e drugs.

8one of the respondents stated that they had a disa!ility. +owever themajority of them had e&perienced health pro!lems as a result of their druguse. This is a clear indication of the need to include drug education in the

school curriculum and community forums such as youth centres for thepurpose of assisting with understanding the implications of ta'ing drugs"showing !oth the short and long term effects on heath and to act as adeterrent to young people.

The Pa'istani community (uestionnaires identified that there is scant'nowledge among the community relating to the drug services availa!le forusers" e&-users and potential future service users.

7F of respondents were aware of the drug services availa!le in the

community. 0hen respondents were as'ed a!out support networ's in

their community the majority mentioned their families and friends. Theyalso stated that more has to !e done in the Pa'istani community at a

Page /9


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professional level with e&perienced mem!ers of the communityproviding support where re(uired.

)espondents went to the following people in their community for support;

9F turned to community elders 9F each mentioned the %mam and Pa'istani mentors and

9F said other support.

)esearch findings identify that one of the main reasons Pa'istani users ande&-users do not turn to the )eading Pa'istani community for help and supportis the shame attached to !eing a drug user within the community.)espondents stated that they are stigmatised and loo'ed down on .!y thecommunity )espondents made comments such as:

*he community looks at you as scum.

*he community doesnt even think you e+ist.

feel uncomfortale in the community.

would like the community to e addressed that addiction is no jokeand it can trap the est of us.

would like to see the community eing more educated in drugs.

)esearchers who were e&-users from the Pa'istani community felt that !eingsent !ac' to Pa'istan for reha!ilitation was something that may not wor' forservice users to facilitate !rea'ing their cycle of addiction. They felt this!ecause their different way of life and the treatment methods used in Pa'istanwere not suited to Pa'istani users raised in the U.A. %n most cases the serviceusers continue using Jat home? coming !ac' to the U.A with a higher tolerancelevel for drugs such as heroin" due to its availa!ility and low cost. Cighty threepercent of the respondents had !een sent to Pa'istan for treatment !y theirfamilies.

8one of the respondents had accessed drug treatment in the Pa'istani

community and stated that they were not aware of any service availa!ility.0hen the respondents were as'ed how they would feel a!out $sian drugwor'ers or an $sian drug forum 7F of them said that it would !e a very goodidea and that there was a great need for it" especially if the wor'ers were e&-users. )espondents felt that they would have a !etter understanding throughpersonal e&perience. Three percent stated that $sian drug wor'ers was not agood idea as they considered the Pa'istani community to !e J!ac'wards? andJjudgmental? and that this would not !e received in a positive way.

)esearchers are unanimous in agreeing that there is a great need for $siandrug wor'ers who understand the culture" can relate to issues of $sian usersand e&-users and there!y !e more understanding towards issues concerningthe Pa'istani community.

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There was a direct lin' !etween the respondents drug use and crime as allrespondents stated that they had committed crime to support their drugaddiction and all had !een charged with drug offences. $ll of the respondentsinterviewed felt they had !een treated unfairly !y the police and some stated

that the police did not show any concern a!out them or their addiction. Theresearchers support the view of the respondents that more has to !e done to!uild relations !etween the )eading Police and the Pa'istani community.

0hen the respondents were as'ed if they thought users should !e sentenceddifferently than non-users for the same crime. 8inety eight percent felt theyshould !e sentenced differently. They stated some of their reasons !elow:

-ecause they dont know what they are doing and drugs have takenover their lives.

"rime committed y users is only to feed their hait.

f was treated would have no reason to commit crime.

$rison is not the answer have een in and out of enough jails.

ts not fair we have a prolem.

The 2F who said they should !e sentenced the same" regardless of !eingusers or non-users said:

"rime is crime.

"rime is crime there is no e+cuse for it.

The (uestionnaires identify that ninety three percent of those arrested had not!een offered referral for drug treatment or the option of seeing an arrestreferral wor'er. nly 7F of the respondents said they had !een given theopportunity to see an arrest referral wor'er and according to the respondents"all of them accepted as they felt they needed to do something a!out their drugpro!lem.

0hen respondents were as'ed if they had !een offered referral for drugtreatment on arrest 9F said that they had not !een offered this. Theremaining 7F said they had !een offered drug referral !ut did not give areason as to why they accepted the treatment.

8inety seven percent of those arrested were tested for drugs whilst in policecustody from whom 9F felt that the results had !een correct and 7F felt thatthe results were incorrect. The majority of the results were positive and thisshould have provided an opportunity to see an arrest referral wor'er and areferral to drug treatment where necessary.

3rug treatment services could !e !etter developed to serve $sian clients !y

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an improved understanding of the $sian culture and of the stigma attached to!eing a drug user within the $sian community. This could !e !est addressed!y employing $sian drug wor'ers who would find it easier to approach andunderstand the $sian community especially if they had first hand e&perienceof drug use themselves. Cighty four percent of the respondents felt that drug

treatment services were not effective in dealing with $sian clients" and all ofthose interviewed said services could !e !etter developed to serve $sianclients !y giving reasons such as:

Having more sian workers.

/iving support to family memers of addicts so that they have a etterunderstanding of addiction.

These were felt to !e the two main ways of developing services to !etterserve $sian clients !y the respondents. $ll the respondents felt that e&-users

would ma'e a valua!le contri!ution in developing services to !etter meet theclient needs. They said they would feel more confident when spea'ing tosomeone who had e&perienced what they were going through on a personallevel and could relate to the myriad of pro!lems they were facing.

Cighty three percent of respondents had served or were serving prisonsentences; they were aware of what drug services were availa!le inullingdon #ommunity Prison and had completed either a 4hort 3uration or)$Pt 12 4tep Programme.

Cighty three percent of those who had !een to ullingdon said that the prisonhad assisted them" helping and supporting them with their drug pro!lem.3espite this researchers feel that the needs of individuals have to !eassessed early on so that they are accessing treatment services and the helpor support they need !efore a prison sentence is passed" in short"reha!ilitation and support is the answer.

ver half of the respondents were not receiving su!stitute medication" a(uarter of respondents felt that they did not need it; we feel this is down tosupport networ's not !eing in position to serve their needs and who theycould approach for help and support. ver forty percent of the respondents

were on su!stitute medication such as methadone and !uprenorphinesu!ute&.

0hen respondents were as'ed what other issues would !e of use to them intheir recovery" the majority stated that employment training" voluntaryopportunities" financial support" housing advice and health < fitness would !eof help and interest to them with a small num!er of respondents alsomentioning educational courses" welfare rights advice and child support.

)espondents were as'ed if they had received aftercare or structured drugtreatment following completion of a prison sentence" all stated that they had

not received this; they felt it would !e very useful and that there was a greatneed for it. There is a great need for throughcare and aftercare which helps

Page /E


47/99

Pa'istani users and e&-users to get their life !ac' on trac'" cope with theiraddiction and !ecome valued mem!ers of their community" respected andwith a sense of !elonging. H*F of the prisoners who responded had eithercompleted were engaged in a drug treatment programme the last phase ofwhich would !e throughcare G aftercare.

The findings of this research reflect why the community !ased researchproject faced difficulty when it first started. 3ue to the lac' of understandingwithin the Pa'istani community in )eading and the lac' of initial cooperationwith those conducting the research project" it was realised early on that itwould !e a long" hard !attle to get the community !ased research projectstarted. The Pa'istani community was culturally sensitive and did not openlyaccept issues such as drug misuse amongst its mem!ers even though thepro!lem was recognised !y some mem!ers of the community.

The project team e&perienced difficulty in finding volunteers from within the

Pa'istani community to wor' with them carrying out the research needed forthe community engagement project. This was predominantly due to the stigmaattached to !eing a service user in the Pa'istani community.

,ollowing a lot of hard wor' and determination !y the project team !oth thecommunity and Prison side of the research was underway. The (uestionnaireswere prepared and administered !y the researchers and regular supportmeetings too' place.

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REFLECTIONS

0ithin the Pa'istani community there is a lac' of 'nowledge or indeedacceptance that a drug pro!lem e&ists. 3ue to this" engagement with thecommunity was difficult even for researchers who came from that community.This also e&tended into the prison although there was considera!ly moreunderstanding within the prison community as they were all users or e& users.

This lac' of acceptance made it difficult for users to engage in" or see''nowledge of drug treatment programmes.

%n ullingdon #ommunity Prison every prisoner entering the prison isscreened !y #$)$T4 #ounselling" $ssessment" )eferral" $dvice and

Throughcare 4ervices and where su!stance misuse is detected an individualis offered the opportunity to !e referred to a treatment programme.$ttendance is voluntary" !ut following assessment an individual is retained ona data!ase even if they elect not to cooperate.

The focus of this report stemmed from the fact that historically" Pa'istaniprisoners and Pa'istanis in the community do not engage in drug treatmentprogrammes" research supports this view and the results of this researchvalidate that fact.

%t is distressing that following recent highly pu!licised incidents of institutionalracism that so many respondents paint a very negative picture of the Policeand arrest referral process in )eading. )eflecting on this the research teamfeel strongly that efforts must !e made on all sides to address this pro!lem asa matter of priority.

%t is interesting however that eighty percent H respondents of those mem!ersof the community who were sentenced to imprisonment at ullingdon#ommunity Prison have either completed or are engaged in a drug treatmentprogramme.

The effectiveness of the #$)$T team at ullingdon must play a considera!lepart in this" !ut in discussion with prisoners the use of fellow Pa'istanis toconduct the research and the type of programme offered has also played asignificant part in encouraging their peers to apply for drug treatment.

%n discussion individuals state that the )$Pt 12 4tep Programme initially givesthem a point of focus that fits well with their Jfaith?. They also state that as thecourse progresses they get closer to their faith and find immense support inthis. This was not a response to the (uestionnaire and we have therefore notused this as evidence to support our findings" !ut it certainly gives furtherscope to e&amine the efficacy of this programme for use within the Pa'istani

community.

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#ommunity leaders also (uote that their faith does not accept that a drugpro!lem e&ists it is J!ad practice of the faith? and they therefore attempt to usethe faith to !eat the pro!lem.

The users and e&-users state that they have slipped away from their faith due

to addiction and that the community has to accept and learn that addictionand addictive !ehaviour is an illness" which needs to !e addressed to allow areturn to their faith.

The 'nowledge gained !y the researchers throughout this project has helpedthem to understand how powerful the faith of respondents is in their recovery.They also understand that this same power has great difficulty in acceptingsomething so diametrically opposed to their !eliefs. %t is essential thereforethat the community is provided with the 'nowledge which allows them tounderstand the power of addiction and how an individuals control is ta'enaway from them when they enter the arena of su!stance misuse.

6ac' of 'nowledge or understanding of su!stance misuse appears to !ewidespread in the Pa'istani community and !y the time an individual entersthe criminal justice system" it may !e too late for their return to the communityand there!y their faith.

The Jshame? that respondents reported in this research is very deep anddamaging to families. %t is therefore essential that education is provided toallow Pa'istani families to regain their (uality of life !y the provision ofservices suita!le for mem!ers of those families engaged in su!stance misuse.This can !e clearly seen in the e&tract !elow from the 8ational 3rug 4trategy:

#ommunities ' -y providing support to drug misusers and to theircommunities through the provision of Drug ntervention $rogrammes0the Drug Strategy aims to reduce drug related crime and its impact onthose communities. 1orking together with community leaders to assistwith referring drug misusers to treatment, the drug strategy aims todevelop through programmes and services, treatment aimed at tacklingspecific prolems within that community. *he involvement ofcommunities in this process is aimed at the creation of safer, crimereduced neighourhoods.

$revent today2s young people from ecoming tomorrow2s prolemdrug users.(Source: www.dru!.o".u#$%ou&-'eo'(e$!)r*)e%+

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RECOMMENDATIONS

1. The needs of the Pa'istani users and e&-users to !e considered in thecommissioning" planning and development of e&isting or new drugservices.

2. 8eed to address any forms of discrimination at the point of arrest toincrease the num!er of referrals into drug treatment.

9. 8eed to develop and support an $sian 3rug ,orum which can !ettermeet the needs of the $sian community and help implement the

recommendations of this research. The $sian 3rug ,orum will !eintegrated into e&isting services. %t will also complement the e&istingwor'.

/. 8eed to develop $sian families and carers support.

. 8eed to clearly define and e&plain specific front line staff roles such asarrest referral wor'ers and 3%PG#>%T wor'ers.

E. $ structured through-care and aftercare plan needs to !e in place tohelp and support Pa'istani users and e&-users. 8eed to concentrate

on providing appropriate housing" training employment and educationopportunities.

7. The development of drug services which recognise and have anunderstanding of the Pa'istani community. 3rug services need to !eculturally competent and !e sensitive to religious needs.

H. 8eed to recruit $sian drug wor'ers in order to reflect the diversity of thelocal population. $lso need to recruit $sian e&-users as drug wor'ers.

. $ppropriate training and support needs to !e provided to $sian wor'ers

and volunteers so that they can wor' with and alongside e&isting drugservices.

1*.Cducation and prevention messages need to target the $siancommunity. The $sian community needs to !e made aware of drugsand their effects" through drug awareness wor'shops in the communityand translated material for non-Cnglish spea'ers.

11. 8eed to promote e&isting drug services !etter in the $sian community.

12.8eed to conduct further community-led research needs assessments

with other lac' and minority ethnic communities such as $frican-#ari!!ean offenders.

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APPENDICES

UESTIONNAIRE CONSENT FORM

3ear ,riend"

The )eading User ,orum; $sian 4ervice in $lcohol < 8arcotics andullingdon #ommunity Prison are conducting a )esearch Project aimed atidentifying the treatment needs of individuals involved with su!stance misusein the Pa'istani #ommunity in )eading" er'shire and Pa'istani Prisonersfrom )eading who are currently in ullingdon #ommunity Prison" icester"

&fordshire. The research is aimed at !oth men and women in the communityand male prisoners in ullingdon.

To assist with the research we have developed a (uestionnaire that we would'indly as' you to ta'e some time to complete with two researchers" thisshould only ta'e a!out 9* minutes. =our responses to this (uestionnaire will!e used to help improve and set up services in your community in )eading.

0e really appreciate you ta'ing part in this research and give you thefollowing assurances: The information you provide will !e treated in strict confidence.

8one of the information provided !y you will !e given to any other party at

any point in the research. =ou have the right not to answer any (uestion.

=ou can withdraw from completing the (uestionnaire at any time.

Please note we are not see'ing your name and address or any informationthat will identify you or put you at any disadvantage.

$re you agreea!le to ta'e part in thisresearchL

=es 8o

#ould you please e&plain what your understanding of J#onsent? isL

%s there anything discussed you needclarifiedL

$re you clear on what we have justTal'ed a!outL

Than' you for your co-operation

Page 1

=es 8o

=es 8o


52/99

QUESTIONNAIRE (Prison Version)

Section 1: ABOUT YOU

1. AGE: (Please tick relevant age range)

16 1!

1" #1

## $#%

#& #"

' '" % %"

&

********************************************************************

#. GEN+ER: (Please tick relevant gender)

,-e

/e0-e

Tr-nsen2er

____________________________________________________________________

'. ET3NI4ITY: (Please underline)

Asian or British In2i-nP-5ist-niB-n-2esiOter(Pe-se S7eci89)

,ie2White Asian

Oter(Pe-se S7eci89)

Oter*If other not to beinterviewed*

Page 2


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%-. ;ERE YOU BORN IN T3E U


54/99

!. ;-t is 9or reiion? (Pe-se n2erine)

NONE BUDDHIST CHRISTIAN HINDU

JEWISH MUSLIM SIKH OT3ER(Pe-se S7eci89)

Bo 8or oter

". Se-it9: (Pe-se tic5 ree@-nt =o)

es=i-n or G-9 ;o0-n

3o0ose- or G-9 ,-n

3eterose- or Str-it

BiSe-

1. +o 9o -@e - 2is-=iit9?

YES

NO

I, %e! '(e*!e !)*)e e(ow

************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

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Section #: +RUG USE

11. 3-@e 9o e@er t-5en -n9 o8 te 8ooin 2rs? (Tic5 -ree@-nt =oes)

3eroin

4r-c5 4oc-ine

4-nn-=is

Ecst-s9

A07et-0ines S7ee2

BenDo2i-De7ines

Acoo

Po9 +r Use

+r /ree

Oter +r (Pe-se S7eci89)

1#. 3o 2o 9o t-5e 9or 2r (s) o8 coice?

S,O


56/99

1%. 3o 0c contro 2o 9o 8ee 9o -@e o@er 9or2r se?

(Un2erine ree@-nt 7oint on sc-e)

1 # ' % & 6 ! " 1

No4ontr

o

So0e4ontr

o

Tot-4ontr

o

1&. 3o o8ten 2o 9o t-5e 2rs? (Un2erine)

+AIY ;EE


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1!. 3o 2o 9o 8n2 9or 2r se? (Pe-se tic5 - ree@-nt =oes)

St-te BeneJts

4ri0e

,one9 8ro0 8rien2s re-ti@es

,one9 8ro0 or5

Oter sorces (Pe-se ist =eo)

*********************************************************************

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1". ;-t -re 9or re-sons 8or t-5in 2rs?(Pe-se e7-in =eo)

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