final fe ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Presentation
onWell Stimulation by Hydro Fracturing
Presented by:
1) Sunil Deshpande
2) V. Sarath Chandra Dabbiru3) Priyank Raj Singh
4) Bhupendra Kumar Patel
5) Nizamuddin Khan
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Hydraulic FracturingHydraulic fracturing is the common stimulationtreatment for increasing productivity.
GOAL:
Enhance production from low permeability
reservoirs.
Enhance the connection between wellbore and
reservoir by creating a conductive flow path
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Motivation for fracturing141.2oBo[ln(re/rw)+S]
Q =koh p
Fractures enlarge effective wellbore radius rw
Fractures creates flow path with increased k
Fractures remove skin S
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Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic fracturing involves several coupled
physical mechanisms
Rock deformation
Fluid flow inside fracture
Fluid leak-off Fracture propagation
Proppant transport
Understanding these mechanisms and their inter-relationships provides a starting point forunderstanding hydraulic fracture growth behavior.
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Fracture Fluid Properties
Reservoir Compatiblity
Low leak off rate
Ability to carry the propping agent
Low friction loss
Easy removal from the formation
Stability at reservoir condition
Availability
Safety
Cost economics
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Good Candidate for Fracturing
Sufficient Recoverable Reserves
Sufficient Reservoir Pressure
Low Permeability (Less Than 10 mD)
O/W And O/G Not Very Close
Good Cementation
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GENERAL CRITERIA FOR WELL SELECTION
State of depletion of producing formation
Formation composition & consolidation
Formation permeability
Formation thickness
Isolation of the zone to be treated
Condition of well equipment
Production history of the well
Location of water, oil-water and gas-oil contacts
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Physical Process Fluid is pumped into the reservoir
under high pressure (PAD)
Formation fractured
Subsequently fluid with proppants
(slurry) pumped
Propagate the fracture to required
dimension
Flush the tubing with clean fluid
Shut in for fracture closure
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Fracture Initiation & PropagationTime
during
fracture
treatment
Fracture initiation as pumping of fluid is started
Fracture propagation with fluid
Proppant enters fracture as it is suspended in the
frac fluid
Proppant advances further into the fracture as
pumping continues
Proppant advances further in the fracture and may
reach the tip of the fracture
Pumping of the fluid/proppant mixture is stopped and
fluid continues to leak away into the permeable
formation
Formation closes on proppant and a conductive path
remains in the reservoir
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Fracture Initiation & Propagation
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PAD Breakdown the perforations
Initiate fracture
Develop width required for proppant
Sometimes use extra-viscous pre-pads
Small pads may not develop sufficient width
for proppant, potentially causing screen-outs
Excessive pad may delay closure for a
significant period of time, allowing proppant
convection out of zone.
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Proppant Slurry Immediately follow the pad
Slurry is clean fracturing fluid mixed withproppant
Continue to generate length and width
Start proppant at 1 - 3 ppg
Slowly increase proppant concentrations
Perforation and near - wellbore may not accepthigher concentrations of proppant early in the
treatment
Erode the perforation and the formation
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Flush Immediately follows the proppant stages
Pump clean (non-sand-laden) fluid to displace the
proppant to formation from tubing and wellbore
Use low friction, economical fluid
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Pressure in Fracture TreatmentIdealized Surface Pressure and Rate response during an HF treatment
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Thank You