Kentucky Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet

Fall 2005

Land, Air & Water is publishedquarterly by the Environmental and PublicProtection Cabinet with state and federalfunds. Subscription to this publication isfree. Write the Office of Communications

and Public Outreach, 5th Floor, CapitalPlaza Tower, Frankfort, KY 40601 or phone(502) 564-5525 to have your name added to

the mailing list. Address changes anddeletions also should be sent to this office or

faxed to (502) 564-3354.

The Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet does not discriminate on the basis ofrace, color, national origin, sex, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, disability,ancestry and veteran’s status and provides, on request, reasonable accommodations includingauxiliary aids and services necessary to afford an individual with a disability an equal opportu-nity to participate in all services, programs and activities. To request materials in an alternativeformat, contact the Office of Communications and Public Outreach, 5th Floor, Capital PlazaTower, Frankfort, KY 40601 or call (502) 564-5525. Hearing- and speech-impaired personscan contact the agency by using the Kentucky Relay Service, a toll-free telecommunicationdevice for the deaf (TDD). For voice to TDD, call (800) 648-6057. For TDD to voice, call(800) 648-6056.

Printed on recycled paper with state and federal funds

Agency CoordinatorsMartin Bess, Maleva Chamberlain,

Mary Jean Eddins, Gwen Holt,Leslie Isaman, Linda Potter,

Elizabeth Robb, Kate Shanks,Eva Smith-Carroll,

Rose Marie Wilmoth and Chuck WolfeVisit Land, Air & Water magazine on the World Wide Web

at www.environment.ky.gov/law/default.htm

Online

State of KentuckyErnie Fletcher, Governor

EditorDesign & Production

Cynthia Schafer

Environmental andPublic Protection Cabinet

LaJuana S. Wilcher, Secretary

Department for EnvironmentalProtection

Lloyd R. Cress, Commissioner

Department for Natural ResourcesSusan Carole Bush, Commissioner

Department of Public ProtectionChristopher Lilly, Commissioner

Department of LaborPhilip Anderson, Commissioner

WANTED: Young Kentucky artists to create portraits of natural beauty. Studentartists are invited to get out their art supplies, create a poster and enter the Common-wealth Cleanup Week art contest—Unbridled Spirit…Beauty Unbound—sponsoredby the Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet.

The contest is open to grades K-12 in public and private schools. Home-schooledstudents may also participate.

The subject can be scenic beauty—the mountains of eastern Kentucky, rollinggrasslands of central Kentucky, land along the Ohio River in northern Kentucky orlakes in western Kentucky—or Kentucky flora and fauna. Another approach is to showKentuckians enjoying their state’s natural beauty—a family on a picnic, hiking orboating, for example.

Posters must be submitted to a county extension office by Feb. 3, 2006. Links toeach county office are online at http://www.ca.uky.edu/county/

Cabinet judges will choose winners from each of four different categories—grades K-2, 3-5, 6-8 and 9-12. Winners will receive a plaque and their designatedclassroom, school library or public library will receive $500 for environmentaleducation materials or activities.

Contest rules and entry forms are available online at the Division of WasteManagement’s Web site http://www.waste.ky.gov

If you have questions, call (502) 564-6716, ext. 297, or e-mail waste.ky.govThe 8th annual Commonwealth Cleanup Week, including cleanup activities, will

be March 19-25, 2006.The 1998 Kentucky General Assembly designated the fourth week in March as an

opportunity for Kentuckians to participate in “activities that highlight the naturalbeauty of their communities.”

Natural beauty is focusof student art contestUnbridled Spirit...Beauty UnboundBy Eva Smith-CarrollDivision of Waste Management

what’s inside

Printed by Post PrintingLexington, Kentucky

contentsNatural beauty is focus of student art contest ...... Inside front coverPreserving an oasis ........................................................................ 1Partnership promotes planting of hardwoods on mined lands ....... 3Watershed Roundtable update ....................................................... 4Ozone coalitions do their share for cleaner air .............................. 5Fires rejuvenate a barren rich in diversity ..................................... 6Louisville exhibit takes you on a journey of the environment ....... 7Inside the Kentucky EPPC........................................................ 9-11Customized stewardship planning made easy .............................. 12Workshops teach the importance of watershed assessments ........ 13Out of the classroom and into the wilderness .............................. 15Change the world—one lightbulb at a time ................................. 16Base closure site is an economic success story ............................ 17Downstream development + deteriorating dams = disaster ......... 18Awards .................................................................................... 19-202005 Governor’s Conference on the Environment update .......... 20PGA provides another means of glass recycling ............ Back cover

Fall 2005Volume 16 Number 4

features

on the coverLaurel Creek mirrors the beautiful fall colors in ElliottCounty. Photograph by Thomas G. Barnes, University ofKentucky, Department of Forestry.

2 Reclaimed mine sites make ideal habitatfor wildlifeWildlife Summit explores topics of wildlife survivaland reclamation of coal mined lands.

8 An ideal houseThe EPPC’s state fair exhibit housed ideas thatprotect the environment, as well as safeguard the familyand home.

14 Open burningRegulation changes address disposal of vegetativedebris created by storms.

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Land, Air & Water 1

The Vernon-Douglas State NaturePreserve, 730 acres of steephardwood forest on the eastern

fringe of Hardin County, seems frozen intime.

“This has been relatively undisturbedfor the better part of 80 to 90 years,” JoyceBender, of the Kentucky State NaturePreserves Commission, tells a visitor. “It’spretty unique to the Knobs region” – thelong arc of hills that extends like anecklace around the western, southern andeastern fringes of the Bluegrass.

Thus, Vernon-Douglas fulfills amandate handed down by the GeneralAssembly when it created the preservesystem, declaring that areas of “unusualnatural significance” should be set asideand kept as “living museums of the nativelandscape.”

But to fully grasp the essence of thename – preserve – one needs to lookoutside the boundaries of Vernon-Douglas.Four things lie beyond its tree line—alarge farm, a cell phone tower, the sprawl-ing Pearl Hollow landfill and a four-lanehighway—the Bluegrass Parkway.

The Vernon-Douglas preserve is, ineffect, an oasis—a patch of Hardin Countythat remains an example of the naturallandscape of Kentucky’s Knobs regionbecause its acreage was set apart decadesago. The National Audubon Society held ituntil the Kentucky State Nature PreservesCommission acquired it in 1992. “It’s fullof life and abundance and variety, andright across the fence is a monoculture,”Bender said.

Kentucky’s landscape has undergone astaggering transformation in the twocenturies since statehood. Wetlands thatonce spread inland from the Mississippiand Ohio rivers, soaking the JacksonPurchase and northern Pennyrile, aregreatly diminished and in some areas gonecompletely.

Two other mighty rivers, the Tennes-see and the Cumberland, were amongmany impounded to form lakes—LakeBarkley, Lake Cumberland and KentuckyLake among them—for recreation, floodcontrol or hydroelectric power.

A tall grass prairie known as “thebarrens” once was a vast swath thathemmed the western Knobs, sweptwestward across the southern Pennyrileand filled about a third of the Purchase.Now it is found in parts of but fourcounties—Warren, Hart, Metcalfe andBarren.

The Kentucky State Nature PreservesCommission, which has been laboring foryears to conduct an inventory ofKentucky’s natural areas, estimates thatonly one-half of 1 percent of the stateremains in a condition comparable to thatwhich greeted the pioneers.

That makes the preserves more thanjust pretty places, said Jon Rickert, anElizabethtown businessman andoutdoorsman who authored the NaturePreserves Act in 1976 when he was specialadviser on environmental affairs to then-Governor Julian Carroll.

“Besides the aesthetic value of lettingfuture generations have an opportunity to atleast experience some of the naturalheritage that we’ve been able to enjoy –besides the aesthetics of all that – you alsohave the importance of preserving species,”Rickert said. “Most of what we’re seeingnow is not natural loss of species byextinction. It’s manmade by too manyhumans doing too many activities in toomany places.”

Twenty-nine years after passage of theNature Preserves Act and creation of thecommission, Kentucky has 51 preservesspanning the state. Eight preserves arelocated within state parks.

Though each is scenic in its own way,scenery is not the point. The preserves existto protect the natural environment and rarespecies. Many of the plants and animalsharbored within them are endangered.

For example, Bat Cave Preserve withinCarter Caves State Resort Park shelters therare and endangered Indiana bat. Nearby,the Cascade Caverns Preserve protects twoplant species rare in Kentucky—mountainmaple and Canadian yew. The preserve atBlue Licks Battlefield State Park inRobertson County protects a modestpopulation of Short’s goldenrod, whichgrows only in a tiny region around the park.It is found nowhere else in the world.

The preserve system is “an experimentin at least saving gene pool of plants andanimals,” Rickert said. “As long as we canpreserve a few little areas that truly havesome scientific uniqueness, some value, it’sall worthwhile.”

Preserving an oasisBy Chuck WolfeOffice of Communications and Public Outreach

“It’s full of life and abun-dance and variety, andright across the fence is amonoculture.”

Joyce BenderKentucky State Nature PreservesCommission

Joyce Bender stands beside a mature tree atVernon-Douglas. Photo by Chuck Wolfe

Land, Air & Water2

Similarly, the folks attending theWildlife Summit with different agendasand different ideologies sought commonground in finding ways to solve two age-old problems: the survival of wildlife andthe reclamation of land disturbed by coalmining.

Nationally renowned speakersaddressed topics just as diverse:• policy issues• case studies• opportunities• obstacles to establishing wildlifehabitat on mined lands• wetlands and water• revegetation/habitat restoration• permitting/post-mining land useconcerns• reforestation/remining

Kentucky was a natural choice for theWildlife Summit, given its abundance oflands needing reclamation and the successof the elk relocation program. In 1997,150 years after they were hunted toextinction here, wildlife officials began

reintroducing wild elk to the easternpart of the state. Over the next fiveyears, some 1,500 elk (mostly fromUtah) were tagged and released withthe help of the Rocky Mountain ElkFoundation. By monitoring theirmovements, wildlife scientistsdiscovered that the elk liked to grazeareas of the reclaimed mine sites. Accord-

ing to David Ledford, director ofthe Appalachian WildlifeInitiative, “the herd should hit5,500 by the end of the year.”With the growth of the herdcomes the responsibility ofensuring that the habitat growsproportionately. Since the elk gravitatetoward the reclaimed sites, itmakes sense for the wildlifeenthusiasts and the miningindustry to work together toestablish high-quality habitatsfor them. The summit beganwith an emphasis on habitat forgame, which promises to boosttourism to the economicallydepressed areas of easternKentucky. Clyde Cook, a nativeof Pike County who works in theDivision of Mine Permits

Elk resurgence bringsWildlife Summit to KentuckyBy Linda PotterDepartment for Natural Resources

The lobby of the Brown Hotel inLouisville had to be a bit like Ellis

Island at the turn of the century asa myriad group of individuals gathered toexplore ways to increase wildlife onreclaimed coal mine lands.

Coming from diverse cultures andspeaking totally different languages, thenew Americans were forced to forge a newway of life.

(DMP), described emerging from thewoods and seeing the elk. “It’s reallyamazing to see a 700-pound elk grazing onthe grass still wet with dew.”

Discussions revealed that the potentialextends to fish and other species as well.Abandoned sediment ponds could con-ceivably morph into native wetlands, butlandowners might not want the liabilitiesthat accompany the ponds. Forests couldsupport a wide range of creatures andprovide economic benefits for the land-owner or coal company, but grass is

Continued on Page 4

TOP: An elk makes himself at home onStarfire mine property. Photo by James InmanABOVE: A copperbelly water snake at thePeabody Wildlife Management Area, JohnPrine’s Paradise in Muhlenberg County.Photo by John MacGregorLEFT: A Kentucky offspring of a relocatedelk. Photo by the Kentucky Department of Fish andWildlife Resources

Land, Air & Water 3

In December of 2004, the Appalachianstates of Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio,Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West

Virginia, along with the federal Office ofSurface Mining, signed an agreement towork together to promote and encouragethe planting of more trees on active andabandoned coal-mined lands.

This agreement, the AppalachianRegional Reforestation Initiative (ARRI),promotes the reforestation of coal-minedlands using high-value hardwood trees.

The six states pledged to cooperate andpartner in an effort to plant economicallydesirable trees, using current ForestryReclamation Approach (FRA) technology.This approach promises to increasesurvival rates and growth rates of croptrees, increase overall productivity, andpromote natural invasion and successionof plant and animal communities.

The University of Kentucky becamethe newest partner in this initiative on Aug.17, 2005, when Governor Ernie Fletcherand University of Kentucky President LeeTodd signed the formal agreement.

“We want to grow our economy,utilize our resources in a sustainablemanner and at the same time, protect andmaintain our commitment to environmen-tal quality,” said Governor Fletcher.

“The AARI initiative complementsour state’s energy strategy to promoteprogressive reclamation practices throughreforestation.”

This agreement is a natural progres-sion since UK and the Division of MineReclamation and Enforcement (DMRE)have been partners in reforestationresearch techniques at the Starfire minesite near Hazard, Kentucky since 1997.More than 1 million native hardwood trees

have already been planted throughoutKentucky coalfields in this partnershipwith UK and others. Data gathered fromStarfire continues to demonstrate re-forestation’s potential for success andaided in the development of FRA technol-ogy.

FRA is a five-step reclamation processthat has been proven by forestry researchto increase tree survival and productivity.The five steps in the FRA are:

1. Create a suitable rooting mediumfor good tree growth that is no less thanfour feet deep and comprised of topsoil,weathered sandstone and/or the bestavailable material.

2. Loosely grade the topsoil or topsoilsubstitutes established in step one to createa noncompacted growth medium.

3. Use native and noncompetitiveground covers that are compatible withgrowing trees.

4. Plant two types of trees—earlysuccession species for wildlife and soilstability, and commercially valuable croptrees.

5. Use proper tree planting techniques.Reforestation of coal-mined land with

high-value native hardwoods will allowcommunities to diversify their economieswhile reaping multiple environmentalbenefits.

Reforestation also provides aneconomically viable post-mining land useoption for both the landowner and themining company. “Growing” a renewableresource to replace the mined out coal is a

Partnership promotes plantingof hardwoods on mined landsBy Linda PotterDepartment for Natural Resources

• Increased diversity of plantsuccession• Natural succession of native forestplants• Reduced potential for establishment ofinvasive species• Enhanced wildlife habitat• Soil and water conservation• Recovery of the hydrologic balance• Improvement of overall water quality• Carbon sequestration• Increased timber value• Landowner tax reduction• Recreational areas• Jobs for the local economy• Local tax revenue

Environmental benefitsof reforestation

Continued on next page

UK President Lee Todd (left) and Governor Ernie Fletcher signed the Appalachian RegionalReforestation Initiative in August. Creative Services photo

Land, Air & Water4

quicker and cheaper. The possibilities arelimited only by the imagination and thewillingness of the stakeholders to look atreclamation from a new perspective—easier is rarely better.

In Kentucky, landowners have sixoptions for post mine land use:• fish and wildlife• pastureland• industrial/commercial• forestland• water resource• residential

Many landowners place a higher valueon leveled land than on forested ordedicated wildlife habitat. Coal compa-nies have their own priorities, but usuallyeconomics drive their choice. Regardlessof land use choice and implementation,after bond release, the landowner can usethe land any way he chooses. Conserva-tion easements would ensure the habitat inperpetuity, but landowners may not wanttheir land restricted. Clearly, challengessurfaced that necessitate further discourse,especially in the area of incentives to both

the landowner and coal companies.Paul Rothman, director of the

Division of Mine Reclamation andEnforcement (DMRE), has advocatedreforestation as a post mining land use forover a decade. He contends that the coalcompanies could actually save money byleaving 4 to 6 feet of loosely graded minesoil, rather than excessively compactingthe soil by grading. “The loose soil willallow trees to grow, and these trees willregenerate forests, which become home towildlife,” he said. Rothman’s work withDon Graves, of the University of Ken-tucky Department of Forestry, at theStarfire mine site was one of the casestudies presented. While their researchhas largely been in reforestation, elk arethriving at Starfire and have been knownto nibble at the saplings. (See Partner-ship promotes planting of hardwoods onmined lands on Page 3.)

Another case study was done at thePeabody Wildlife Management Area,John Prine’s Paradise in MuhlenbergCounty. The coal company, along with

Elk resurgence brings Wildlife Summit to KentuckyContinued from Page 2

the Kentucky Department of Fish andWildlife Resources and DMP joined forcesto create a habitat for the copperbelly watersnake. The implementation of the conser-vation agreement prevented the watersnake from becoming a candidate forlisting as a federally threatened or endan-gered species. “The reclamation was ofdefinite benefit to the copperbelly watersnake. The species is in better shape inKentucky than the other states within itsrange,” said Jonathan Scheibly, an environ-mental biologist for DMP.

The success of any conference is notalways immediately measurable. Thissummit raised more questions than itanswered. It presented issues of profoundimportance and pointed out the opportuni-ties and obstacles that exist in alternativeforms of reclamation. A great first stepwas taken; the challenge now is to stay thecourse.

The U.S. Office of Surface Mininghosted the event, which was sponsored byBASF Corporation and the RockyMountain Elk Foundation.

brilliant solution for the problems tradi-tionally associated with coal mining. Thedisturbed land becomes a nursery for anew economy.

A critical part of ARRI is that ofraising the awareness of governmentagencies, academia, private organizations,mining companies and the general publicon the economic and environmentalbenefits associated with planting qualitytrees. These groups must then becomeinvolved in the reclamation effort, workingtogether to identify incentives to promotereforestation on coal-mined lands.

UK’s involvement will lend valuableresources in this effort, while creating aforum for the transfer of technology andproviding a clearinghouse for the sharingof data and information as it relates tocurrent FRA technology.

Partnership promotesplanting of hardwoodson mined landsContinued from previous pageThe 2005 Kentucky Watershed Roundtable planning committee is finalizing

its event program for the upcoming Watershed Roundtable scheduled for Nov. 2-4in Bowling Green at the University Plaza Holiday Inn. This year’s theme is“Watershed Strategies for a New Era: Protecting the Environment and the BottomLine.”

Concurrent group sessions will feature information on watershed, communityand conservation strategies. Session topics will include watershed-based plans,cost of community services, the impact of sprawl on private forests, acid minedrainage remediation and highlights from several restoration projects.

This event is co-hosted with the Southeast Watershed Forum, which includesnine southeastern states. The roundtable has received such positive feedback overthe years that it has become an annual event. This year marks the eighth time thatthe roundtable has convened. It is also the first time the event will be held inKentucky.

Call the University Plaza Holiday Inn directly for room reservations. A blockof rooms are reserved under “Kentucky Waterways Alliance.”

Look for additional information and roundtable updates on KentuckyWaterways Alliance’s Web site at www.KWAlliance.org.

Watershed Roundtable update

Land, Air & Water 5

Local governments and regionalozone coalitions are doing their share forcleaner air in Kentucky. In urban areas,metropolitan governments and regionalcoalitions achieve ozone awareness andmitigation by issuing air quality alerts,developing media campaigns and holdinglocal events.

The Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana (OKI)Regional Council of Government operatesthe Regional Ozone Coalition (ROC), avoluntary organization of local govern-ments, organizations and businesses withthe mission of improving the OKI region’sair quality through public and businesseducation, involvement and outreach. InLouisville, the Kentuckiana Air EducationNetwork (formerly known as theKentuckiana Ozone Prevention Coalition)is comprised of nearly 2,000 Kentuckianabusinesses, organizations and localresidents who commit to voluntary choicesthat will benefit air quality. In Lexington,the Mobility Office, located within theLexington-Fayette Urban County Govern-ment, was designed to promote increasedawareness of air quality issues in the area.The Lexington area has been in compli-ance with air quality standards since themid-1990s, but the local governmentoffice continues to promote air qualityissues and has established an Air QualityAdvisory Committee.

Ozone coalitions in combination withregulatory programs have had provensuccess in minimizing ozone emissions inurban areas. EPA now has more stringent8-hour ozone rules in effect, and both theROC and Louisville Kentuckiana AIREducation (KAIRE) are working to lowerozone levels through voluntary andregulatory measures. For example, in theLouisville Metropolitan Statistical Area(MSA) ozone measurements have droppeddramatically. In 2002, the Louisville MSAdocumented eighty-eight (88) 8-hourozone exceedances in 30 days, comparedwith two (2) 8-hour ozone exceedances intwo days in 2004. The ROC has beenrecognized for eliminating an estimated3.5 tons of VOC emissions per day. Ozonereadings in northern Kentucky have also

Ozone coalitions do their share for cleaner airBy Elizabeth RobbDivision for Air Quality

Air Quality Index Color Code Guide1-800-AIR IN KY

Continued on Page 16

dropped significantly. Air quality alertsare especially important in urban areas inthe summer. Ground level ozone canroutinely reach levels that are harmful tohuman health when fumes from cars,factories and household items likelawnmowers or paint bake in the heat.Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is anotherpollutant that is now understood to beharmful to human health. Air quality, orsmog alerts, are now issued when eitherozone or PM2.5 are anticipated to reach

significant levels. Signing up to receive anair quality alert allows citizens to takeaction to protect their health by minimiz-ing exposure to high ozone or particulatematter levels.

In Louisville, the program is calledEnviroFlash, and individuals can sign uponline at http://www.apcd.org/enviroflash/ or call (502) 574-3319 toreceive current Air Quality Index informa-tion. In the ROC region, more than 1,000

Land, Air & Water6

Prairie grasses and wildflowers arereasserting themselves in a sectionof Eastview Barrens State Nature

Preserve in Hardin County, the result of afire carefully planned and carried out.

The “prescribed burn” transformed athicket of sumacs, cedars and young oaksand hickories into an approximation ofwhat originally had been—a meadow richin diversity, poised to burst into bloom.

Even with the fire, the land was notentirely treeless and never had been. Great,gnarled oaks still towered over the grassesbut were generously spaced. Theirbranches spread broadly—evidence thatthey had begun with ample room to grow.

Kentucky once had great “barrens” –the term given by settlers to a vast prairiethat defined much of the western half ofKentucky. It even gave Barren County itsname.

The barrens lay in a gigantic crescentthat arched southward along the westernedge of the Knobs region, across thesouthern Pennyrile and into the JacksonPurchase. Now, the barrens have largelydisappeared. They have been tilled ordeveloped in most places, and they havebeen simply overgrown—a testament tothe effectiveness of decades of firesuppression.

Eastview Barrens, a 120-acre preservesouthwest of Elizabethtown, is thought tohave been “a mosaic of forest and grass-lands and an in-between barrens,” saidJoyce Bender of the Kentucky StateNature Preserves Commission. It also hasa rocky glade.

“There is a little bit of everything,”said Bender, the commission’s branchmanager for nature preserves and naturalareas.

As long as there was fire, the barrensremained open. Tree growth was

controlled by natural fires from lightningstrikes, even occasional fires caused bythe sparks that were showered on the landby passing steam locomotives.

But fires were so effectively pre-vented that the trees moved in. Theground became thickly thatched. Treeseeds were heavy enough to penetrate thethatch and eventually sprout. Not so forthe comparatively tiny seeds of grass andflowers.

“A lot of these prairie things—their

seeds are light and can’t make it,” Bendersaid. “This had become so shady with allthese young sumacs. They would changethe face of this area just by shading outall of the species that are sun loving andrequire the sun for their growth.”

The “sun-loving” species includewild quinine, which is making a come-back. The quinine, in turn, is essential tocertain beneficial insects. No change innature, it seems, occurs in a vacuum. “It’sall connected,” Bender said.

Fires rejuvenate abarren rich in diversityBy Chuck WolfeOffice of Communications and Public Outreach

Ragwort (Senecio) (topleft) is plentiful since

Kentucky State NaturePreserves Commission

staff performed pre-scribed burning atEastview Barrens.

Photos provided by theKentucky State NaturePreserves Commission

Land, Air & Water 7

“We have precious natural resourceswe need to protect for future generations,”stated Gail Becker, executive director ofthe Louisville Science Center. “In order todo this, we have to understand the sci-ence.”

The science center is setting the barwith this exhibit. The center receivedmultiple national grant awards, includingone from the National Science Foundation.

“This is a huge endorsement from theleaders in our field of informal scienceeducation,” stated Becker.

Visitors to the 8,000-square-footexhibit are greeted by a large globe of theEarth floating on air that introduces themto land, air and water. From there, visitorswill likely be mesmerized by “Eco-Explorer,” a large screen showingpanoramic photos of natural attractions in

Kentucky. Visitors can click on a destina-tion, such as Blanton Forest in HarlanCounty, spin a steering wheel and watchthe image rotate 360 degrees.

Once inspired by visions of Kentucky,visitors can wander into three main roomsof the exhibit—Aquasphere, Atmosphereand Terrasphere.

If the calming aqua blue walls ofAquasphere don’t draw you in, the one-of-a-kind water cycle exhibit will. More than300 blue-colored balls, twice the size ofmarbles, make their way through the cycle.Visitors can manipulate the balls, muchlike in a pin ball game, as they flowthrough urban and rural landscapes.

The science center misses noopportunity to educate. The publicrestrooms in Aquasphere display informa-tion panels about wastewater treatment and

conserving water. Leaving the Earth

temporarily, visitors cancross over into Atmo-sphere. The biggestattractions of this roomare the “Sky Tracker”pods. Climb in andnavigate into a hole in theozone layer or overMount St. Helens.

Visitors can also play“Watt’s the Score?” agame about conservingenergy in the home,

The Louisville Science Center justunveiled its newest addition to thefacility, and it is no small accom-

plishment. “The World Around Us” is aninteractive, high-tech exploration ofKentucky’s diverse environment. Thescience center staff, armed with a newstrategy for teaching science educationinfluenced by KERA, set out to completelyrenovate its permanent exhibit space in theearly 1990s. As a result, visitors can nowlearn about “The World Within Us,” “TheWorld We Create,” and now “The WorldAround Us.”

By Kate ShanksOffice of Communications and Public Outreach

Louisville exhibit takes youon a journey of the environment

community and school.For those who want to return to Earth,

make a final stop at Terrasphere andexplore the “Environments that SupportUs.” Learn about the “Life of a Log” at aforest display backdropped by a muralfrom Elliott County.

Also in Terrasphere, you might feellike something is staring at you. It may bethe grey wolf, elk bull or black bear ondisplay in “Diversity Dilemma.” Comeface to face with the wolf and learn how itsloss from the state decades ago affectsdeer populations today.

“The World Around Us” exhibit willtake you on an impressive journey of theenvironment—from forests to streams,from the ozone layer to a western Ken-tucky wetland. In the time you spend in“The World Around Us” you will beinspired by the environment, understandthe science behind it and learn how toprotect it. All this without even leavingKentucky.

The Louisville Science Center is openyear round, seven days a week. The centeris located on Main Street in downtownLouisville between Seventh and Eighthstreets. For more information, includingdirections and admission fees, visitwww.louisvillescience.org or call(800) 591-2203.

ABOVE: Students explore “Alive in Louis-ville.” This portion of the exhibit is funded bythe Kentucky Division of Forestry’s Urbanand Community Forestry Assistance Grant,which is sponsored in part by the USDAForest Service.LEFT: Youth use puzzles to learn aboutwater in the “Earth Cycles” exhibit. Photoscourtesy of the Louisville Science Center.

Land, Air & Water8

What if the Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet(EPPC) built an ideal house? It would be energy

efficient and conserve water. It would have walls ofrecycled newspaper, properly installed smoke detectors andsafe alternatives for household chemicals.

The cabinet built this house on “Main Street” in theSouth Wing of the Kentucky Fair and Exposition Centerduring this year’s Kentucky State Fair.

More than 650,000 people visited the Kentucky StateFair and many toured “The House that EPPC Built.” Thehouse included a kitchen, family room, bathroom, utilityroom, garage and patio.

Visitors learned how ENERGY STAR appliances saveenergy and money and reduce air pollution. They also had achance to look under the hood of a hybrid vehicle, identifywater wasters in the home and experience the “virtual bar”educational computer game that showed different levels ofintoxication based on a person’s weight and alcohol con-sumption. Visitors picked up literature with tips rangingfrom mold prevention to stopping underage drinking.

Several lucky fair goers used what they learned in thehouse to win children’s bikes,tools, crumb rubber mulch andsmoke detectors given away inthe exhibit’s drawing.

“The House that EPPCBuilt” exemplified the fourdepartments in the cabinet andthe many different entities thatare regulated by the Environmen-tal and Public ProtectionCabinet, such as horse racing,wrestling and boxing, charitablegaming and utilities to name afew.

“This exhibit provided thepublic with practical informationthey can use to create and maintain a safe and environmentallyfriendly home,” stated EPPC Secretary LaJuana S. Wilcher. “Italso helped people understand the many services the cabinetprovides.”

Those that missed “The House that EPPC Built” can viewthe rooms and read about the exhibit on the cabinet’s Web siteat www. environment.ky.gov. This site is also useful forthose that did visit the house and want additional information

about what they learned.“The cabinet is such a diverse agency. It’s hard to believe

we were able to fit so much about what we do under one roof,”said Jennifer Parks, project manager for the exhibit.

The cabinet thanks those that provided materials includingGE Appliance, Home Depot, Big Lots, Congelton Lumber,Keith’s Hardware, Coleman Lumber Yard and PlattMechanical.

The house that EPPC builtKentucky State Fair

By Kate ShanksOffice of Communications and Public Outreach

TOP: The utility room displayed a variety ofenvironmentally friendly household cleaners, arecycling bin, and an ENERGY STAR-ratedwasher and condensing gas furnace.

CENTER: The kitchen’s refrigerator wasENERGY STAR rated. The kitchen alsoemphasized the importance of reusableproducts, recognizing overpackaging andconserving water usage.

LEFT: The garage housed a hybrid vehicle,electric lawn mower, human-powered reelmower and hand tools. Crumb rubber mulch,made from scrap tires, surrounded the tree inthe landscape. All photos provided by Kate Shanks

Energy-efficient appliances, environmentally friendly yard and garden tools,home safety devices, and many other elements figured into this house, whichwas built around the theme of the Environmental and Public ProtectionCabinet.

Land, Air & Water 9

Abandoned Drums/Oil Tanks ........... 564-6716Abandoned Mined Lands ................. 564-2141Abandoned Vehicle Recovery .......... 564-6716Above-ground Storage Tanks ........... 564-5981

Acid Rain (permits) ................................................................ 573-3382Agriculture Corrective Measures ............................................ 573-3080Agricultural Districts .............................................................. 573-3080Agricultural Equipment Revolving Fund ............................... 573-3080Agriculture Water Quality Acts .............................................. 573-3080Agriculture Water Quality Authority ...................................... 573-3080Agriculture Water Quality Plans ............................................. 573-3080Air Quality Inspections ........................................................... 573-3382Air Quality Permits ................................................................. 573-3382Air Releases (vapors, fumes, odors) ....................................... 573-3382Air Quality Index .......................................................... 800-AIR INKYAir Quality Assistance for Small Businesses .......................... 564-0323Alcoholic Beverage Licensing and Enforcement ................... 564-4850Asbestos .................................................................................. 573-3382Banking................................................................................... 573-3390Best Management Practices:

Agriculture ...................................................................... 573-3080Conservation ................................................................... 573-3080Forestry ........................................................................... 564-4496

Biodiversity ............................................................................ 573-2886Blackwater Release (24/7) ......................... 800-928-2380 or 564-2380Brownfields ............................................................................ 564-0323Charitable Gaming, Bingo and Texas Hold-em ...................... 573-5528Clean Air Act .......................................................................... 573-3382Clean Community Program .................................................... 564-6716Clean Water Act ...................................................................... 564-3410Complaints:

Air ................................................................................... 573-3382Insurance ........................................................................ 564-6034Oil and Gas Drilling ....................................................... 573-0147Water ............................................................................... 564-3410Waste .............................................................................. 564-6716

Compliance Assistance ........................................................... 564-0323Composting ............................................................................ 564-6716Conservation Districts ............................................................ 573-3080Dam Issues .............................................................................. 564-3410DEP Scholarship Program ...................................................... 564-2150Drinking Water ....................................................................... 564-3410Drinking Water Operator Certification ................................... 564-0323Drought Information ............................................................... 564-3410Dry Cleaners’ Information ...................................................... 573-3382Ecosystem Management ......................................................... 564-4496Electrical Licenses .................................................................. 573-2002Elevators ................................................................................. 573-1694Employment ............................................................................ 564-2042

Endangered/Threatened/Rare Species .................................... 573-2886Energy Conservation .............................................................. 564-7192Energy -- Renewable (solar, wind, etc.) ................................. 564-7192Environmental Education:

General Information ....................................................... 564-5525Clean Air for Kentucky ...................... 800-928-0047 or 573-3382Conservation (Envirothon, soil) ..................................... 573-3080Forestry ........................................................................... 564-4496

Environmental Emergencies (24/7) ........................................ 564-2380Environmental Leadership (Ky. Excel) .................................. 564-0323Environmental Services (lab) ................................................. 564-6120Environmental Trends (Env. Quality Comm.) ........................ 564-2150Explosives and Blasting ......................................................... 573-0140Fires (outdoors):

Air Quality Laws ............................................................ 573-3382Fire Marshal ................................................................... 573-0382Fire Prevention (homes, businesses) .............................. 573-0385Forestry Laws ................................................................. 564-4496Waste Management Laws ............................................... 564-6716

Fish Kills ................................................................................ 564-2380Fishing Advisories .................................................................. 564-3410Floodplain Issues .................................................................... 564-3410Forest Fires ............................................................................. 564-4496Forest Health .......................................................................... 564-4496Forest Resource Utilization .................................................... 564-4496Forest Stewardship ................................................................. 564-4496Freon (general information) ................................................... 573-3382Geographic Information Systems ........................................... 564-5174Groundwater ........................................................................... 564-3410Groundwater Protection Plans ................................................ 564-3410Hazardous Air Pollutants ........................................................ 573-3382Hazardous Waste .................................................................... 564-6716Hazardous Waste Incinerators ................................................ 564-6716Hearings (administrative) ....................................................... 564-7312Heritage Land Conservation Fund ......................................... 573-3080Horse Racing .................................................................. 859-246-2040Household Hazardous Wastes ................................................ 564-6716Illegal Dumps ............................................................ 888-NO DUMPSIncinerators (permits) ............................................................. 573-3382Indoor Air (general information) ............................................ 573-3382Insurance:

General Information ............................................... 800-595-6053Agent Licensing .............................................................. 564-6004Fraud ............................................................................... 564-1461Health Insurance Coverage Denials/Appeals ................. 564-6088Insurance Company Information .................................... 564-6082Insurance Program for Seniors ....................................... 564-6088Kentucky Access ..................................................... 866-405-6145Kentucky Mine Subsidence Fund .................................. 564-6055

The Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet (EPPC) produced this handy resource guide that includestelephone numbers of all cabinet regional offices (See Page 11), as well as a list of EPPC issues in Kentucky thatcitizens may have questions or concerns about.

Tear out this guide and keep it in a convenient place. It could help get answers to questions about issues thatare important to you. All phone numbers are (502) area code unless otherwise specified. For local and regionalconcerns, the appropriate EPPC regional office should be contacted.

For answers to your questionsINSIDE the KENTUCKY EPPC

Land, Air & Water10

Local Government Premium Tax .................................... 564-1649No-Fault Rejections ........................................................ 564-6046Publications .................................................................... 564-6034

Kentucky Master Logger Program ......................................... 564-4496Kentucky River Locks and Dams ........................................... 564-2866Laboratory Certification ......................................................... 564-6120Landfarming/Landspreading .................................................. 564-6716Land, Air & Water Subscriptions ........................................... 564-5525Landfills .................................................................................. 564-6716Landslides ............................................................................... 564-6940Lead (general information) ..................................................... 573-3382Leaking Cargo/Drums ............................................................ 564-6716Logging Inspection and Enforcement .................................... 564-4496Logging Laws and Regulations .............................................. 564-4496Medical Waste ........................................................................ 564-6716Mercury .................................................................................. 564-6716Mold (general information) .................................................... 573-3382Natural Areas Registry ............................................................ 573-2886Nature and Wildlife Fund ....................................................... 573-2886Nature License Plates ............................................................. 573-3080Nature Preserves ..................................................................... 573-2886Non-Coal Mining (clay, limestone, sand, gravel) ................... 564-2340Nonpoint Source Pollution ..................................................... 564-3410Oil and Gas Drilling Permits:

Gathering Line Licensing ............................................... 573-0147Well Plugging Program .................................................. 573-0147Production Reporting ..................................................... 573-0147Bonding .......................................................................... 573-0147Records, Transfers, Violations ........................................ 573-0147Operator Licensing ......................................................... 573-0147

Open Burning ......................................................................... 573-3382Ozone ...................................................................................... 573-3382Phone Slamming ............................................................. 800-772-4636Plumbing ................................................................................ 573-0365Pollution Prevention:

Air ................................................................................... 573-3382Waste .............................................................................. 564-6716

Propane Licenses .................................................................... 573-1702Radon (general information) .................................................. 573-3382Reclamation of Mined Lands ................................................. 564-2340Recycling and Marketing Assistance ...................................... 564-6716Risk Assessment ..................................................................... 564-6120Securities (financial) ............................................................... 573-3390Shale Extraction ..................................................................... 564-2340Small Operator’s Assistance Program .................................... 564-2320Smog Alert (Northern Ky) ........................................... 800-621-SMOGSoils and Erosion .................................................................... 573-3080Soil Erosion and Water Quality Cost Share Program ............. 573-3080Soil and Water Conservation Commission ............................. 573-3080Soil Surveys ............................................................................ 573-3080Solid Waste ............................................................................. 564-6716State Forests ............................................................................ 564-4496State Revolving Fund: Drinking Water/Wastewater ............... 564-3410Storm water Runoff ................................................................ 564-3410Stream Construction/Dredging ............................................... 564-3410Superfund Sites ....................................................................... 564-6716Surface Mining Law Enforcement ......................................... 564-2340Surface Mining Permits .......................................................... 564-2320Swimming Advisories ............................................................. 564-3410Tax Appeals ............................................................................ 573-4316Tire Dumps ............................................................................. 564-6716Tires (scrap) ............................................................................ 564-6716Toxics (air) .............................................................................. 573-3382Tree Farm Program ................................................................. 564-4496Tree Seedlings ........................................................................ 564-4496Underground Coal Mining ..................................................... 573-0140Underground Storage Tanks ................................................... 564-5981Universal Waste ...................................................................... 564-6716Urban Forestry ........................................................................ 564-4496Used Motor Oil Collection ............................................. 800-282-0868Utility Problems .............................................................. 800-772-4636Vehicle Emission Testing ........................................................ 573-3382Waste and Recycling Education ............................................. 564-6716Wastewater Operator Certification ......................................... 564-0323Wastewater/Sewage Issues and Permits ................................. 564-3410Water Conservation/Shortage/Supply ..................................... 564-3410Water Quality:

Monitoring ...................................................................... 564-3410Standards ........................................................................ 564-3410Total Maximum Daily Loads .......................................... 564-3410

Water Quality Certification ..................................................... 564-3410Water Withdrawal ................................................................... 564-3410Watershed Conservancy District ............................................. 573-3080Watershed Management .......................................................... 564-3410Water Watch Program ..................................................... 800-928-0045Water Well Issues .................................................................... 564-3410Wellhead Protection Program ................................................. 564-3410Wetlands ................................................................................. 564-3410Wild Rivers Program .............................................................. 564-3410Wire Burning .......................................................................... 564-6716

Land, Air & Water 11

Dept. for Environmental ProtectionAshland — Air Quality ................................... 606-929-5285Bowling Green .............................................. 270-746-7475Columbia

Water ..................................................... 270-384-4734Waste Management .............................. 270-384-4735

Florence ........................................................ 859-525-4923Frankfort ........................................................ 502-564-3358Hazard .......................................................... 606-435-6022London .......................................................... 606-878-0157Louisville

Water ..................................................... 502-429-7122Waste Management .............................. 502-429-7120

MadisonvilleWater ..................................................... 270-824-7529Waste Management .............................. 270-824-7532

Maxey Flats ................................................... 606-784-6612Morehead — Water, Waste .......................... 606-784-6635Owensboro — Air Quality .............................. 270-687-7304Paducah

Air Quality, Water ................................... 270-898-8468Waste Management .............................. 270-898-8495

Office of the Secretary ........................................ 564-3350Admin. and Information Services ...................... 564-7320Administrative Hearings .................................... 564-7312Communications and Public Outreach .............. 564-5525Inspector General .............................................. 564-1985Legal Services ................................................... 564-5576Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs ......... 564-3350Mine Safety Review Commission ...................... 573-0316Regulatory Affairs .............................................. 564-3350Environmental Quality Comm. .......................... 564-2150Ky. State Nature Preserves Comm. ................... 573-2886

Dept. for EnvironmentalProtection ............................................................ 564-2150

Division for Air Quality ....................................... 573-3382Division of Compliance Assistance ................... 564-0323Division of Enforcement .................................... 564-2150Division of Env. Services ................................... 564-6120Division of Waste Management ........................ 564-6716Division of Water ............................................... 564-3410

Dept. for Natural Resources .............................. 564-6940Division of Abandoned Mine Lands ................... 564-2141Division of Conservation ................................... 573-3080Division of Forestry ............................................ 564-4496Division of Mine Permits .................................... 564-2320Division of Mine Reclamation and Enforcement ................................................. 564-2340Division of Oil and Gas Conservation ............... 564-0147Mine Safety and Licensing ................................ 564-0140Technical and Adm. Support ............................. 564-2320

The Kentucky Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet (EPPC) encourages you to use this directory so that we can help you findthe answers you need. Our office hours are 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. Visit the cabinet’s Web site atwww.environment.ky.gov for more information about the cabinet and its activities.

Dept. of Labor ...................................................... 564-3070Division of Claims Processing ........................... 564-5550Division of Compliance ...................................... 564-3070Division of Education and Training .................... 564-3070Division of Employment Standards, Apprenticeship and Training ......................... 564-3070Division of Info. and Research .......................... 564-5550Division of Ombudsman .................................... 564-5550Division of Security and Compliance ................ 564-5550Division of Workers’ Comp. Funds .................... 564-3070Labor Management, Relations and Mediation ...................................................... 564-3070Occupational Safety and Health ........................ 564-3070Workers’ Claims ................................................ 564-5550Workplace Standards ........................................ 564-3070

Dept. of Public Protection .................................. 564-7760Alcoholic Beverage Control ............................... 564-4850Board of Claims ................................................. 573-2290Board of Tax Appeals ........................................ 573-4316Charitable Gaming ............................................ 573-5528Crime Victims Comp. Board .............................. 573-2290Division of Adm. Services .................................. 564-7760Financial Institutions .......................................... 573-3390Housing, Buildings and Construction ................ 573-0364 State Fire Marshal ........................................ 573-0382Ky. Boxing and Wrestling Authority ................... 564-7760Ky. Horse Racing Authority ......................... 859-246-2040Office of Insurance ............................................ 564-3630Public Service Commission ............................... 564-3940

CENTRAL OFFICESAll phone numbers are 502 area code unless otherwise designated

Dept. for Natural ResourcesDivision of Mine Reclamation and Enforcement

London ................................................... 606-878-0098Madisonville ........................................... 270-824-7536Middlesboro ........................................... 606-248-6166Pikeville .................................................. 606-433-7726Prestonsburg ......................................... 606-889-1746

Division of Abandoned Mine LandsLondon ................................................... 606-878-0071Madisonville ........................................... 270-824-7534Prestonsburg ......................................... 606-889-1741

Division of ForestryBetsy Layne ........................................... 606-478-4495Campbellsville ....................................... 270-465-5071Elizabethtown ........................................ 270-766-5010Frankfort ................................................ 502-573-1085Gilbertsville (J.P. Rhody Nursery) ......... 270-362-8331Hazard ................................................... 606-435-6073Madisonville ........................................... 270-824-7527Mayfield ................................................. 270-247-3913Morehead ............................................... 606-784-7504Pineville ................................................. 606-337-3011West Liberty (Morgan Co. Nursery) ...... 606-743-3511

EPPC REGIONAL OFFICES

Land, Air & Water

“Interactive Map of Your Property”(GIS layers will vary depending on thelocation of your property):• topographic map• aerial map• soils layer• property boundary• streams layer• roads layer

“Forest Stewardship Plan”• general property description• major forest types and conditions• forest wildlife and conditions• watershed and conditions• aesthetic features• forest stand descriptions• general recommendations

“Managing Your Forest”• landowner cost-share assistance• Best Management Practices (BMPs)

• champion tree program• american tree farm system• tree seedling information• wildland fire protection• timber taxation• selling your timber• Kentucky Woodland OwnersAssociation• Kentucky Association of ConsultingForesters

“Additional Information”• alternative forest products• forestry Web sites• forestry terms• wildlife habitat how-to’s• forest insects and disease• tree planting manual• managing sustainable forests• forestry water quality plan• burning laws• cost-share assistance

Take a look at some of the chapters includedin the Geobook:

12

Foresters have long been developinglengthy stewardship plans for forestlandowners in Kentucky the old fashionway. These plans often included severalpages of typed and sometimes handwritteninformation along with hand-drawn andhand-colored maps.

The Division of Forestry has nowgone high tech. Foresters now have a newsoftware tool called The Forest Steward-ship Plan Geobook that helps themdevelop stewardship plans on CD ROM.

The Geobook software allows theforester to create a digital book with planinformation for the landowner, as well as adigital interactive map.

Instead of the lengthy paper plans ofthe past, the Geobook contains moreinformation than could ever have beenincluded in past stewardship plans.

Paper copies of stewardship planswill still be available for landowners whodo not have the technological equipmentor knowledge to use a Geobook.

The software’s book-like format isvery user friendly. The information ispresented on pages that are organizedlogically into chapters. Users can easilyflip through the pages of the book toaccess images, maps, recommendationsand other supporting content relative totheir property.

The Geobook not only provides acustomized stewardship plan for thelandowner’s property, it also has volumesof information to assist in making sounddecisions regarding the sustainability oftheir forest resources.

Each of the division’s nine districtoffices are installing the equipment neededto produce the Geobooks and expect to befully operational in the next fewmonths.

Customized stewardship planning made easy

By Gwen HoltDivision of Forestry

Forest StewardshipPlans now availableon CD-ROM

Land, Air & Water 13

Experience and science tell us that astable river or stream is one that isjust wide enough, deep enough and

long enough to move the amount of water,gravel (or sediment load) and woodydebris produced in its watershed withoutsignificantly eroding its banks, changingthe depth, width or slope or substantiallychanging course (length), even in highwater or flood situations.

Over time, many watersheds havebeen cleared of forests, hillsides were

farmed and stream systems have beenstraightened and channelized. More recentland-use activities include large-scalechannelization for agriculture and floodcontrol, mining, road construction andlogging. These activities have contributedto stream instability over much of theCommonwealth.

Sediment and erosion have become anincreasing problem. Channel incision ordegradation (erosion of the stream bottom)causes stream bank deterioration thatmigrates both upstream and downstreamand releases fine-grained sediments intostream systems. Siltation is the deposition

of fine-grained sediments that degradegravel bed stream habitats and is one ofthe leading causes of stream impairment inKentucky. In addition, channel incisiontypically reduces the variability of thestream channel and impairs habitat quality.

Habitat alteration, hydromodification(straightening or altering the streamchannel) and siltation account for almosthalf of the impaired waters listed in theDivision of Water 2004 303(d) report. Seethe report at http://www.water.ky.gov/sw/tmdl/303d.htm.

Until recently, river management haslargely focused on water and how to

Workshops teach the importanceof watershed assessmentsBy Margi JonesDivision of Water

TOP: Streambankerosion as a result ofstream instability.

LEFT: Landownersexplain past and presentland use activities.Division of Water photos

contain its flow. Not enough emphasis hasbeen placed on how to identify the sourceof sediment impacts and mitigate impair-ments. River scientists, natural resourceprofessionals and managers are nowbringing the principle of river “stability”into the management of stream corridors.

The Division of Water (DOW)Nonpoint Source (NPS) Section hascollaborated with the University ofLouisville Stream Institute (ULSI) toassess the physical stream channelcharacteristics of Kentucky streams. As aresult of NPS Section initiatives andtraining opportunities, the DOW and otheragencies have begun to incorporate theprinciples and applied methods of physicalstream characteristics into stream alter-ation permits, stream restoration andmitigation guidance.

Recently, the DOW and the ULSIstarted emphasizing the importance ofconducting assessments on a watershedscale. Comprehensive watershed assess-ment incorporates human, biochemical andphysical watershed evaluations. Suchassessments are critical to determiningwhich stream reaches can benefit fromrestoration and effective restorationdesign.

Despite their importance, effectivewatershed assessments are not typicallycompleted for restoration projects becauseof the lack of trained personnel who canaccurately and efficiently conduct them.

To help bring attention to thisdeficiency, the ULSI incooperation with theNPS Section conductedtwo workshops toaddress fluvial geomor-phic assessment

Continued to Page 16

Land, Air & Water14

Kentucky’s regulation on open burninghas been updated to help local

governments dispose of dead trees andlimbs left in the wake of violent storms.

The Division for Air Quality beganwork to overhaul the regulation followingthe ice storm and tornadoes of 2003. Anamendment passed legislative review andbecame effective in July. County andmunicipal governments may need toreview local burning ordinances to be surethey are in compliance with state-levelstandards.

Among its other updates, the regula-tion now gives local governments greaterflexibility in disposing of vegetative debrisand “clean lumber” resulting from storms.Significant provisions of the regulationinclude:• Definitions for clean lumber, woodwaste and yard waste.• Enhanced fire training requirements.• A maximum ambient temperature, 50degrees Fahrenheit, for comfort heat fires.• Updated burning restrictions forcounties that fail to meet federal standardsfor ozone and particulate matter airpollution.

• Enhanced definition of garbage to makeit clear that burning of materials such asplastics and bottles may not be burned.

The current regulation 401 KAR63:005 is available online at http://www.air.ky.gov/news/

Local ordinances can have morestringent requirements than are in effect atthe state level. In Oldham County, a localordinance limits open burning to brushfrom land clearing and strictly prohibitsthe burning of leaves and grass clippings.Burning leaves and grass clippings releaselarge amounts of particulate matter, whichis a pollutant regulated by the Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) andlinked to increased asthma attacks,emphysema and heart attacks. Particulatematter is a precursor to ground-levelozone, also linked to lung damage. Yardtrimmings and leaves can easily becomposted in a corner of the backyard. Asa bonus, the finished compost can dowonders to improve garden soil.

In Spencer County, Fire Chief NathanNation sent letters to Spencer Countyresidents informing them of state lawsgoverning the practice of open burning andencouraging citizens to contact theDivision for Air Quality before conductinga burn. The division can train municipaland volunteer fire departments anddispatchers on the regulation, and canprovide informational brochures to firedepartments interested in mailing informa-tion to citizens in their fire district.

From passing ordinances to conduct-ing education and outreach campaigns,local officials are making a difference inthe lives of Kentuckians and finding waysto encourage every citizen to do their sharefor cleaner air by looking for alternativesto open burning.

Knowing state and local rules andregulations surrounding open burning willhelp everyone breathe easier. For moreinformation contact the Division forAir Quality at (502) 573-3382.

State open burning regulation amendedBy Elizabeth RobbDivision for Air Quality

Reduce: Look for items thathave less packaging.Reuse: Give old items to thriftstores.Recycle: Many communitiescan recycle plastic, aluminumand newspaper.

Contact your local solid wastecoordinator for more alterna-tives to open burning.

Alternativesto Open Burning

Among its other updates, the regulation now gives local governmentsgreater flexibility in disposing of vegetative debris and “clean lumber”resulting from storms.

Land, Air & Water 15

A team of adventurous environmental educators hiked a portion ofthe Sheltowee Trace in honor of

Kentucky Environmental Education Weekcelebrated Sept. 11-17. Educators from avariety of agencies came together to

explore the Sheltowee Trace as aneducational resource.

The trace extends 267 miles fromPickett State Park in Tennessee to justnorth of Morehead, Kentucky. The tracetraverses forest, ridge tops, meadows and

Out of the classroomand into the wildernessBy Kate ShanksOffice of Communications and Public Outreach

streams throughout the Daniel BooneNational Forest in Kentucky. The trail wasbuilt in 1979 and provided hikers a uniquelook at the biodiversity of Kentucky.

The hikers trekked from the mostsouthern point of the trail in Kentucky atBig South Fork Recreation Area at theKentucky-Tennessee border to CampWildcat in the Daniel Boone NationalForest. The hikers passed by naturalwonders such as Cumberland and Yahoofalls, which are reminders of the manyopportunities for environmental educationin Kentucky.

Throughout the 110-mile journey,students from counties surrounding thetrace joined the hikers to participate inprograms ranging in topics from blackbears in Kentucky to management of theforest. Hikers documented these educa-tional experiences in journals to share withothers.

“I think the most exciting part of thisproject is students having a chance to learnmore about their state and some of thenatural wonders found in Kentucky,”stated Kim Feltner, Daniel Boone NationalForest employee. “What’s found along theSheltowee Trace cannot be found inside aclassroom. Mother Nature can teach us alot!”

In addition to celebrating Environ-mental Education Week, this project isdesigned to highlight the trace as aneducational and recreational resource andto celebrate the 100th anniversary of theUSDA Forest Service. Next year, hikerswill complete the journey by finishing thenorthern portion of the trace.

“I hope that, at the completion of thehike, I can share with others a picture ofKentucky’s varied, valuable and excitingnatural resources that are available toeveryone as they step outside and intoKentucky’s diversified forests,” statedDoug McLaren, University of KentuckyDepartment of Forestry.

To view pictures and read hikers’journal entries, visit the project Web siteat http://www.kentuckyawake.org.

Land, Air & Water16

Ozone coalitions do their share for cleaner airContinued from Page 5

Did you know that the energy you use in your home can be responsible for twice thegreenhouse gas emissions as your car? That is because most electricity is generated byburning fossil fuels, which releases greenhouse gases into our air. If you are like mostpeople, you want to make a difference…but do not know where to start.

Here is a bright idea. Changing the world takes less time and energy than you mightthink. In fact, it is as simple as changing a light.

The Kentucky Office of Energy Policy, along with utilities, energy efficiencyorganizations, retailers, manufacturers, and consumers across the country, has joined theENERGY STAR Change a Light, Change the World campaign—a national challenge tohelp Americans change the world one light, one step, at a time. The campaign beginsthis month (October).

You typically spend more to light your home than you do to operate your refrigera-tor all year long. If you are still using traditional incandescent bulbs and inefficientfixtures, you are wasting a lot of energy and money—and creating a lot of unnecessarypollution. Switching to energy-efficient lighting can save you time, energy and money—and help the environment. These products last up to ten times longer, which can meanmore than seven years between bulb changes. In addition, since they also use at leasttwo-thirds less energy, you will save money on your utility bills.

Try simply changing out the five lights you use most to ENERGY STAR-qualifiedones. You will be doing your part to reduce the emissions that cause global warming,and if all of our homes did it, we would prevent greenhouse gas emissions equivalent tothose from more than 8 million cars.

The ENERGY STAR Change a Light, Change the World campaign is sponsoredby the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy. Forinformation, go to www.energystar.gov/changealight or visit the Kentucky Officeof Energy Policy’s Web site at www.energy.ky.gov

Change the world—one lightbulb at a time Workshops teachthe importanceof watershedassessmentsContinued from Page 13

(methods of assessing stream forms andprocesses) on a watershed scale. Theworkshops were the first training of thistype in Kentucky and were conducted byDr. Arthur Parola, director of the ULSI.

The first was a four-day intensiveworkshop for natural resource profession-als from ten agencies that included hands-on instruction and fieldwork. Thirtyparticipants learned about channel formsand changes, sediment sources, character-ization of sediments, channel classificationand stability, and fluvial geomorphicassessment.

The second was a two-day workshopdeveloped for state and federal govern-ment managers and policy makers.Workshop attendees included the Corps ofEngineers, U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, the Transportation Cabinet, theDivision of Mine Reclamation andEnforcement, the Kentucky Department ofFish and Wildlife Resources, the U.S.Forest Service, U.S. Fish and WildlifeService and the Division of Water. Topicsincluded the importance of using geomor-phic assessment to identify how land-usechanges affect stream channels, to assist indetermining the sources of sediments,sediment storage, and stream reachstability as well as the role of streamrestoration in watershed management forsediment and habitat impairment and floodhazard reduction. As part of their field-work, officials also visited the 319(h)-funded Wilson Creek Restoration Projectin Bernheim Forest.

The importance of understandingstream processes has a direct bearing onhow natural resource professionals workwith citizens and local governmentagencies on improving the quality of thewaters of the Commonwealth.

These workshops were funded in partby a grant from the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency under §319(h) of theClean Water Act through the KentuckyDivision of Water.

members receive smog alerts. You can sign up at http://www.doyourshare.org or call(800) 621-SMOG. In the Lexington-Fayette County area, air quality alerts are e-mailedto local television and radio stations, as well as local government entities (See AQIinformation on Page 5).

Receiving air quality alerts empowers citizens to help minimize ozone and PM2.5levels by making simple personal choices, like carpooling, riding the bus, combiningerrands, or refueling and mowing the lawn after 6 p.m. Transportation is responsible for44 percent of the ozone pollution load in the OKI region, and more than 40 percent ofozone forming emissions in the Louisville Metro area. The ROC allows its membergovernments, civic organizations and the business community to participate in transpor-tation and development planning. In Louisville the Ticket to Ride program offers ridesharing options, and TARC provides bus service throughout the metro area.

Governments, businesses, schools and individuals are encouraged to participate inthese voluntary partnerships designed to protect human health and the environment. Ifyou would like to receive air quality alerts or join the growing number of people workingto promote healthy air quality, contact your regional ozone network or the KentuckyDivision for Air Quality at (502) 573-3382.

• Regional Ozone Coalition 1-800-621-SMOG; http://www.doyourshare.org• Louisville Kentuckiana AIR Education Air Quality Index (502) 574-3319;http://www.apcd.org/kaire• Division for Air Quality (502) 573-3382 or 1-800-928-0047; http://www.air.ky.gov• Statewide Air Quality Index 1-800-AIR-IN-KY• Lexington-Fayette County Urban Government Mobility Office http://www.lfucg.com/Mobility

Land, Air & Water 17

Base Realignment and Closure(BRAC) and environmentalcleanups have been notoriousfor producing economic burdens

and “ghost towns.” The LexingtonBluegrass Army Depot (LBAD), located inAvon, Ky., was not left to this fate.

The state assumed management of the776-acre site with the goals of economicredevelopment and job creation. Thesegoals have been met and exceeded. Priorto BRAC about 1,200 personnel wereemployed at LBAD. Presently, employ-ment is at 1,750, representing approxi-mately 50 employers.

This successful beneficial land reuseby the Kentucky Department of MilitaryAffairs has included their efforts towardsecuring a forthcoming 50,000 sq. ft.aircraft hangar expansion to rebuild,modify and maintain military helicopters.This project is expected to bring to LBAD(presently called Bluegrass Station)approximately 300 new jobs with salariesaveraging $40,000.

Crucial to supporting this success wasa 1998 partnering initiative to betteradvance environmental cleanup at thefacility. The collaborative work effortsbetween the Division of WasteManagement’s Hazardous Waste Branch,the Army, Army Corp of Engineers andtheir contractors, the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, and Department ofMilitary Affairs have helped make LBADa success. Numerous Environmental andPublic Protection Cabinet employees andformer employees provided a major role inthe challenging cleanup efforts at theformer Army depot.

Under Army operations during WorldWar II, LBAD was commissioned as anordnance signal and supply depot. From1941 through 1977, its mission expandedto various light industrial activities. In1988, the secretary of defense listedLBAD for closure under BRAC. In 1994,the facility was selected for reuse andscheduled for transfer to the Department ofMilitary Affairs for beneficial reuse of thesite.

Before final transfer, under thehazardous waste laws and BRAC, theArmy was required to identify and cleanup any contamination due to past opera-tions. As a part of the cleanup from 1995through 2003, the partnership team

conducted investigations, risk assessmentsand corrective measures throughout theentire facility based on the projected landreuse. Final public notice for the cleanupsoccurred this summer and final transfer ofthe facility is expected to take place by theend of this year.

Challenging conventional thinkingabout the federal Resource Conservationand Recovery Act and BRAC, LBAD hasbecome a thriving business community anda great success story. This kind ofcollaborative teaming effort demonstratesthat successful protection of human healthand the environment can be achieved inconjunction with economic redevelop-ment, in order to benefit all citizensof the Commonwealth.

Base Realignment andClosure. It is the congressionallyauthorized process the U.S.Department of Defense uses toreorganize its military base struc-ture. Source: BRAC Web site athttp://www.defenselink.mil/brac/

Lexington BluegrassArmy Depot

Base closuresite is aneconomicsuccessstoryBy Larry D. HughesDivision of Waste Management

An aerial view of the Bluegrass Station,which currently employs about 1,750. Photoprovided by the Bluegrass Station

What is BRAC?

No. The Lexington Army Depotmerged with the Bluegrass Depot inRichmond in 1964, thus creating theLexington Bluegrass Army Depot(LBAD).

It remained the LBAD until1988, when the U.S. Department ofDefense announced the closure ofthe Lexington facility. Some of theoperations were moved to theRichmond facility, which wasrenamed the Blue Grass Army Depot(BGAD). Ownership of the Lexing-ton part of LBAD was passed on tothe Commonwealth of Kentucky.Source: The Bluegrass Station Website http://bgs.ky.gov/

Is Bluegrass Station also theBluegrass Army Depot?

Land, Air & Water18

Since the mid-1950s, Kentucky’s watershedprogram has depended on its 198 flood controldams to provide flood protection throughout its 32watersheds. In addition to their flood protection,they provide water for people and livestock,habitat for wildlife and recreational opportunities.

The total annual watershed benefits toKentucky exceed $11,500,000. However, 120 ofthese dams are more than 30 years old, two willreach the end of their life cycle (50 years) thisyear, and 71 are in desperate need of repair.

Further, many of these structures are now in afar different setting than when they were origi-nally constructed. Population growth has forceddevelopment upstream and downstream from 30dams, altering the dams’ hazard classification.Dams that protect people and buildings down-stream require higher standards than thoseprotecting agricultural lands. Many of the damslie in upstream agricultural areas, unknown to theresidents protected by them.

Land use changes have occurred, sedimentpools have filled, structural components havedeteriorated and many do not meet the currentrigorous state dam safety regulations that havebeen enacted since the dams were built. Many arequietly deteriorating as time takes its toll on theircomponents. One can only imagine the

devastation to populated areas if one of thesestructures gave way. Homes, schools and nursingcare facilities lie in the water’s path.

“Kentucky needs an estimated $20 million torepair, upgrade or rebuild the existing 198watershed structures built in Kentucky over thelast 50 years to protect the lives of people and ournatural resources,” said Steve Coleman, director ofthe Division of Conservation.

“Unless something is done to rehabilitate orremove these structures, they will continue to posea public safety issue. The cost of rehabilitationwill only increase with time, as deteriorationincreases and construction costs go up,” Colemansaid.

Watershed Conservancy Districts, subdistrictsof conservation districts, assumed operation andmaintenance of the dams after their construction.The conservancy districts have diligently watchedand cared for the dams. However, the districtscannot afford the major repairs and upgrades nowrequired by regulatory agencies and necessary forpreventing loss of life.

The Small Watershed Rehabilitation Amend-ments enacted by Congress in 2000 requireKentucky to fund 35 percent of the cost ofrehabilitation in order to receive the 65 percentfederal match. Dams will be prioritized accordingto individual needs such as:

• Extending the life of the dam;• Deterioration of components of the dam;• Repairs from past catastrophic storm damage;• Upgrades required to meet state dam safety

laws; and• Decommissioning the dams.

The funding will be passed through theKentucky Division of Conservation to the localwatershed conservancy districts for repairing,upgrading or rebuilding the locally sponsored andowned dams. The USDA Natural ResourcesConservation Service will provide engineering andtechnical assistance to insure that the rehabilitateddams will meet all state and federal environmentaland safety standards.

The Commonwealth must find $6 million tofund the state’s share of the rebuilding efforts. If itdoes not, the potential loss of life resulting from adam breach could be catastrophic in thedeveloped areas downstream.

Downstream development +deteriorating dams = disasterBy Linda PotterDepartment for Natural Resources

“Unless something isdone to rehabilitate orremove these structures,they will continue topose a public safetyissue. The cost ofrehabilitation will onlyincrease with time, asdeterioration increasesand construction costsgo up.”

This photo shows projectedamounts of flooding shouldthe dam at PlummersLanding in Fleming Countybecome breached. Courtesy ofthe Fox Creek ConservancyDistrict

Steve ColemanDivision of Conservation

Land, Air & Water 19

Awards

This year the Kentucky Association of ConservationDistricts (KACD) had the honor of playing host to theNational Association of Conservation Districts (NACD)Southeast Regional meeting, which includes nine southernstates. Both the NACD Southeast Regional meeting and the62nd annual KACD convention were held this summer at theDowntown Marriott in Louisville.

The conservation districts and the association have beenvery active this past year in dealing with numerous soilconservation and water quality issues that faced the Com-monwealth. The convention highlighted these accomplish-ments, as well as had a full agenda on important topics suchas soil and water conservation issues, conservation programupdates, technical information and educational ideas.

Conference attendees and guests were also offered theopportunity to tour the Heritage Farm LLC, Woodland Farm,as well as Churchill Downs and the Derby Museum.

The convention offered a time for exchanging ideas duringseveral concurrent sessions where topics ranging from districtsupervisor leadership to funding of local districts to financialrecord keeping and audits were discussed. Junior conservationboards and environmental literacy, as well as a new educationprogram developed by the Department of Agriculture called“Agriculture Adventures” were also highlighted.

Each year, the convention emphasizes the importance ofconservation and environmental efforts by recognizing individualsthat go above and beyond the call of preserving the state’s naturalresources. It also honors producers who take the initiative toimplement sound, innovative and cost-effective conservationtechniques and best management practices, while demonstratingand educating other members of the community about theproblems and solutions associated with soil and water conserva-tion. Individuals recognized were:

• C. Thomas Bennett, KACD Conservation Person of theYear, for his leadership and commitment in building partnershipsbetween the wildlife concerns and those of agriculture and privatelandowners.

• Robey Farm of Logan County, Outstanding KACDConservation Cooperator—state winner. Owners, Delmar “Lee”Robey III and Denise Robey, received $500. Craig Roberts ofCaldwell County was state runner-up. Craig and Karen Robertsreceived $250.

• Melissa Tabor, Elementary Conservation Teacher of theyear. Tabor is a fourth-grade teacher at Flaherty Elementary inEkron, in Meade County.

• Scott Pile, Secondary Education Conservation Teacherof the Year. Pile is a seventh-grade science teacher at CallowayCounty Middle School in Murray, Ky.

• Taylor County Conservation District, OutstandingConservation District Environmental Education Award of theYear. The district considers the Junior Conservation Board themost important education activity in its area. The JuniorBoard was organized in 1999.

• Caldwell County Conservation District (western)and Boone County Conservation District (eastern), Outstand-ing Conservation Districts. The KACD Recognition Programemphasizes the concepts of planning for success, organizing togive that service and evaluating district services.

• Boone County Conservation District and the Blue-grass District Office of the Kentucky Division of Forestryreceived the Forestry Award.

• Scott County Conservation District won the Outstand-ing Junior Board Award.

• Carroll County Conservation District won the SoilStewardship Award.

• Elizabeth Goff, Pulaski County, received the KACDAuxiliary Natural Resource Scholarship.

• Megan Holcomb, Hopkins County, received the KACDAuxiliary George Crafton Scholarship.

• Debra Williams received the KACD Auxiliary NaturalResources Nontraditional Scholarship.

• Woodford County High School won the KentuckyEnvirothon.

Conservation districts hold 62nd conventionBy Martin BessDivision of Conservation

Woodford County High School students took first place during theEnvirothon competition held earlier this year. Division of Conservation photo

Land, Air & Water20

Awards

2005 Governor’s Conference on the Environment updateThe Governor’s Conference on the

Environment, previously scheduled inSeptember, is now on the calendar forNov. 3-4 at the Hyatt Regency Louisville.

The theme is “A Healthy State.” It isalso the goal of many in Kentucky—toensure a healthy environment, healthyeconomy, healthy workforce and healthycitizens within the Commonwealth.

Speakers will be providing perspec-tives on several topics during panelsessions on Friday (see agenda at right).

The registration fee for the conferencewill be $80. A reduced preregistration of$65 is available until Oct. 21. The confer-ence registration fee includes theSecretary’s Reception on Thursdayevening, as well as the luncheon andbreaks on Friday.

To preregister for the conference andreceive the reduced fee, send a completed(downloadable) registration form alongwith payment to: Governor’s Conferenceon the Environment, 14 Reilly Road,Frankfort, KY 40601-1973. Checksshould be made payable to “Governor’sConference on the Environment.”

Credit and debit card payments arenot accepted.

Additional conference informationand the registration form are available onthe conference Web site at http://www.environment.ky.gov/govconference.htm

A block of rooms has been reservedat the Hyatt Regency Louisville forconference attendees at the rate of $110

for single or $135 for double, plus tax.Call the Hyatt Regency Louisville at

(800) 233-1234 or (502) 581-1234.E-mail Michelle.Gillis@ky.gov

with any questions concerning registra-tion or call (502) 564-2150.

Forestry division to be recognized for outstanding contributionsThe Kentucky Division of Forestry

will be receiving special recognition thismonth as it accepts a DistinguishedService Citation at a ceremony inLouisville.

The National FFA Organizationselected the division because it hascontributed to the continued success ofFFA programs and agricultural educa-tion. These programs help millions ofstudents prepare for careers in agricul-tural science, business and technology.

Each year, the Division of Forestryactively participates in the National FFAForestry Career Development Event.

The division is responsible for all ofthe on-site logistical arrangements as

well as supplying volunteers and judges.Jennifer Turner, the division’s

environmental education specialist, hasserved as the liaison between the KentuckyDivision of Forestry, the Kentucky forestindustry and the National FFA Organiza-tion and has coordinated this event for thepast six years.

Awards such as the DistinguishedService Citation recognize the impact suchprograms have on students through thecooperation of the entire community.

The award will be presented duringthe 78th National FFA Convention, Oct.26-29.

Congratulations to the EPPC’sDivision of Forestry.

The FFA is a national youthorganization that includes more than476,000 students from 50 states,Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.FFA strives to make a positivedifference in the lives of students bydeveloping their potential for premierleadership, personal growth and careersuccess through agricultural educa-tion.

Visit www.ffa.org for moreinformation.

The National FFAOrganization

Thursday, Nov. 3, 2005• Afternoon — Possible area tour• 3:30 p.m. — Registration opens• 5 p.m. – 7 p.m. — Secretary’s Reception

Friday, Nov. 4, 2005• 8 a.m. — Registration opens• 8:30 a.m. – 9:15 a.m. — Opening Session• 9:15 a.m. – 10:15 a.m. — A Healthy Community• 10:15 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. — Break• 10:30 a.m. – 11:45 a.m. — A Healthy Environment• 11:45 a.m. – Noon — Move to Luncheon• Noon – 1:30 p.m. — Luncheon with guest speaker• 1:30 p.m. – 2 p.m. — Break• 2 p.m. – 3 p.m. — Healthy Citizens• 3 p.m. – 3:15 p.m. — Break• 3:15 p.m. – 4:30 p.m. — A Healthy Economy• 4:30 p.m. — Closing remarks by Governor Ernie Fletcher

A Healthy State

Office of Communications and Public Outreach5th Floor, Capital Plaza Tower

Frankfort, KY 40601

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Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet

PGA provides another means of glass recycling

(left to right)Division of

Waste Manage-ment staff

Timmy Bryant,John Smith

and Tom Heildemonstrate

use of the glasspulverizer thatis available for

loan togovernment

recyclingprograms.

Division of WasteManagement

photo

By Eva Smith-CarrollDivision of Waste Management

Glass recycling by municipal/community recycling programs in thestate has been dropping due to theexpense involved in sorting and shippingglass to cullet processors.

Cullet is broken or refuse glassusually added to new material tofacilitate melting in making glasscontainers.

An alternative to shipment to culletprocessors is reducing the glass topulverized glass aggregate, also calledPGA.

The Division of WasteManagement’s Kentucky Recycling andMarketing Assistance Program hasacquired a glass pulverizer that isavailable to city and county recyclingprograms through a Memorandum ofUnderstanding.

This machine – a Glass AggregateSystems H-100V Pulverizer – creates

rounded, smooth-edged aggregate andsand that can be mixed with dense gradeaggregate to use as roadbed underlaymentand for other similar applications. Thepulverizer can process 300-500 pounds of

glass per hour and must be fed by hand.For more information, call Tom

Heil at (502) 564-6716 or e-mailThomas.Heil@ky.gov