final exam spring semester texas history. important people sam houston: commander of the entire...
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FINAL EXAMSpring Semester
TEXAS HISTORY
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Important People• Sam Houston:
Commander of the entire regular Texas army
• Santa Anna: Commanding general of Mexican armies at San Jacinto
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Important People• Stephen F. Austin:
“Father of Texas”• He left the Battle
of San Antonio to get aid from the U.S.
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Important People• William B. Travis:
Commander of Texans for most of the Alamo battle
• James Bowie: Famous for his knife; a co-commander of the Alamo
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Important People• David Crockett:
famous hunter and frontiersman from TN.; died at Alamo
• Sam Houston: As governor, he opposed secession and lost the office
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Important People• Ulysses S. Grant:
Military leader of the Union during the Civil War
• Robert E. Lee: Military leader of the Confederacy during the Civil War
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Important People• Abraham Lincoln:
President of the U.S. during the Civil War
• Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederacy during the Civil War
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Important People• Doris Miller:
Famous WW II hero from Waco
• Chester Nimitz: Commander of the Pacific fleet during WWll from Fredricksburg
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Important People
• Comanches: Group of Native Americans that captured Cynthia Ann Parker
• Neal McLennan: Started the town of Waco
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Important People• Miriam A.
Ferguson: 1st woman governor of Texas
• James Ferguson: Governor of Texas who was impeached
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Important People
• Lyndon B. Johnson: U.S. President from Texas who followed Kennedy in office and pushed for civil rights
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Key Dates• Texas
Independence Day: March 2, 1836
• Texas became 28th U.S. state: Dec. 29, 1845
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Key Events• Goliad Massacre:
350 prisoners were executed
• Runaway Scrape: retreat of Texas civilians from Mexican army
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Key Events• The town of
Waterloo was renamed Austin and became the capitol of Texas
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Key Events• Secession: act of
breaking away from the Union
• Civil War: War between two sections of a country
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Key Events• Annexation: to
incorporate a country or territory into another country or territory
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Key Events• Juneteenth: the
day slaves were freed in Texas
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Key Events• Pearl Harbor:
attack caused the U.S. to enter WWll
• New Deal: Franklin Roosevelt’s policies for economic recovery
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Key Events• Great
Depression: period of economic downturn characterized by high unemployment
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Battle Cry• “Remember the
Alamo, Remember Goliad!”
• San Jacinto battle cry of Texans
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Key Terms: Ranching• Longhorns: original cattle in Texas• Spanish explorers brought 1st cattle to
Texas• Brands: used to indicate ownership• XIT: largest cattle ranch in 1880s
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Key Terms: Trail Drives• Wrangler: a
ranch hand who takes care of saddle horses
• Drover: a person who moves cattle to market
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Trail Drives• The number of
cowhands needed on a trail drive varied greatly, depending on the size of the herd
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Trail Drives• Cattle drives were begun to reach
new markets
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Key Terms: Oil Boom• Spindletop: 1st
big oil discovery in Texas
• Permian Basin: a large oil-producing area of West Texas
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Republic of Texas• Fannin’s
indecision resulted in the defeat at Goliad
• Most of the Texans captured at Goliad were executed
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Republic of Texas• Alamo mission was
small• Travis got 32
volunteers from Gonzales
• Bowie and Crockett believed the Alamo was important to the future of Texas
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Republic of Texas• Battle of San
Jacinto: Texas won independence from Mexico
• Santa Anna thought Houston’s troops would only fight on defensive
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Republic of Texas• Treaty of Velasco: Houston released
Santa Anna and sent him back to Mexico• Texans hoped that releasing Santa Anna
would lead to better relations with Mexico
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Texas Frontier• The Colt revolver
was important in winning the frontier wars because six quick shots could be fired before reloading
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Borders• Mexico recognized
the Nueces River as the border for Texas and Mexico
• Oklahoma was the state formerly known as “Indian Territory”
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Civil War• Sam Houston
opposed secession from the Union
• North’s victory in the Civil War meant that the Union was preserved
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Reconstruction• Texas’ state government collapsed as a
result of the South’s surrender.• Southerners thought the Radical
Republicans plan for Reconstruction was too harsh
• Southern voters had to take the Ironclad Oath before they could vote during Reconstruction
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Texas Economy• A growing demand
for wool contributed to an increase in sheep ranching after the Civil War
• Cotton was the chief cash crop
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Good Luck on Your Final!Have a great summer!