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Final Exam ReviewPart 2

9th GradeGlobal History and Geography

Ms. Marten

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Fall of Roman Empire● Eastern Roman Empire continues on and become the Byzantine Empire

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Byzantine Empire• Eastern Portion of the Roman Empire• Eastern Orthodox Church• Spread ideas to Russia• Justinian Code = Legal code

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Mauryan Empire (India)• Buddhism• King Asoka:

1. Tolerant of all religions2. Built hospitals and roads3. Encouraged education and spread of Buddhism

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Classical China• Zhou Dynasty-teachings of Confucius and Lao-zi• Qin Dynasty- Great Wall of China

• Han Dynasty-Golden Age: 1. Silk Road- connected

China and India to Middle East

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Mongols• Genghis Khan united clans and created largest empire in history• Kublai Khan – created Yuan Dynasty in China

-opened up trade with West -made Silk roads safe for travel

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Travelers• Marco Polo – trader who travelled to China and stayed to work with Kublai Khan• Ibn Battuta – African Muslim who went on hajj to Mecca and traveled for the next 30 years

*Both travelers who recorded their experiences PRIMARY SOURCES!!!

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Japan• Marco Polo – trader who travelled to China and stayed to work with Kublai Khan• Ibn Battuta – African Muslim who went on hajj to Mecca and traveled for the next 30 years

*Both travelers who recorded their experiences PRIMARY SOURCES!!!

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Latin America• Maya, Aztecs, Incas:

*Adapted to their environment*Were complex societies*Were polytheistic

● Aztecs and Incas:*Declined due to diseases

(SMALLPOX!) and warfare with the Spanish Conquistors

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Early African Kingdoms• Ghana, Mali, Songhai:

*Controlled the Gold-Salt Trade across the Sahara *Culturally diffused Islam

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Early African Kingdoms

●Mansa Musa – Golden Age – went on legendary hajj to Mecca●Timbuktu – center of learning and trade in the Sahara

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World Religions and PhilosophiesWorld Religions and Philosophies

• Animism

• Buddhism

• Christianity

• Confucianism

• Hinduism

• Islam

• Judaism

• Taoism

• Shintoism

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JudaismJudaism• Monotheistic

• Abraham

• Torah—holy text

• 10 Commandments-guidelines for living

• Diaspora—forced migration helped Judaism spread

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ChristianityChristianity

• Monotheistic

• Bible—Old and New Testament

• Spread through Roman Empire

• 10 Commandments—guidelines

for living

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IslamIslam• Monotheistic

• Muhammad

• God = Allah

• 5 Pillars—guidelines for living

• Koran—holy text

• Holy Site = Mecca (Ka’aba)

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HinduismHinduism• India

• Polytheistic

• Caste system—determines

everything in a Hindu’s life

• Holy site = Ganges River

• Reincarnation & Karma

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BuddhismBuddhism

• Culturally diffused from India to Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia)

• Eightfold Path-guidelines for living*must give up selfish desire

• Four Noble Truths• Meditation• Reincarnation & Karma

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ConfucianismConfucianism• Confucius

• China

• Emphasized social order

• Stressed education and government

• Mandate of Heaven:

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TaoismTaoism

• Lao-zi

• Chinese philosophy

• Stressed harmony with nature

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AnimismAnimism

• Mainly practiced in Africa• Ancestor Worship• Stressed importance of respect for

nature• Stressed importance of spirits in nature

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ShintoismShintoism• Japanese philosophy• Stressed harmony with nature• Ancestor Worship• Most Japanese practice both

Shintoism and Buddhism at the same time.